Acts and Monuments Volume 2 Part 1

Articles and positions ministered and objected eche of them jointly and severally to the B. of Winchester, as followeth.

The 1. Article.

IN primis, that the kings Majesty justly and rightfully is, and by the laws of God ought to be the supreme head in earth of the Church of England, and also of Ireland, and so is by the Clergy of this realm in their convocation, and by act of Parliament justly and according to the laws of God recognised.

Winchester.

This first article the B. granteth.

The 2. Article.

Item, that his Majesty as supreme hed of the said Churches, hath full power and authority, to make and set forth laws, Injunctions, and ordinances, for and concerning religion & orders in the said churches for the increase of virtue, and repressing of all errors, heresies, and other enormities, and abuses.

Winchester.

To this second article he answereth affirmatively.

The 3. Article.

Item, that all and every his graces subjects are bound by the law of God to obey all his Majesty's said laws, Injunctions & proceedings concerning religion and orders in the said church.

Winchester.

To the third article, the laid B. answereth affirmatively, and granteth it.

The 4. Article.

Item, that you Stephen B. of Winchester, have sworn obedience to his majesty as supreme head of this Church of England, and also of Ireland.

Winchester

To the fourth article, the said B. answereth affirmatively, and granteth it.

The 5. Article.

Item, that all and every his graces subjects, that disobey any his said majesties laws, Injunctions, ordinances, and proceedings already set forth and published, or hereafter to be set forth and published, ought worthily to be punished according to his Ecclesiastical law used within this his realm.

Winchester.

To this fifth article, the said B. answereth affirmatively, and granteth it.

The 6. Article.

Item, that you the said Bishop, as well in the Kings Majesty's late visitation within your diocese, as at sundry times have been complained vpō, & sundry informations made against you for your doings, sayings, and preachings against sundry Injunctions, orders, and other proceedings of his majesty, set forth for reformation of errors, superstitions, and other abuses of religion.

Winchester.

This article toucheth other men's acts, who or how they are complained or informed, I cannot thoroughly tell. For at the time of the kings Majesty's visitation, I was in the Fleet, and the morrow after twelfe day I was delivered at Hampton court, my L. of Somerset, and my L. of Canterbury then being in counsel with many other counsailors, & was delivered by these words: The kings majesty hath granted a general pardon, and by the benefit thereof, I was discharged. Wherunto I answered, that I was learned never to refuse the kings majesties pardon, and in strength as that was: and I would & did humbly thank his majesty therefore, and then they began with me in an article of learning touching justification, whereunto they willed me to say my mind, adding therewith, that because other learned men had agreed to a form delivered unto me, that I should not think I could alter it: which I received of them, and promised the Thursday after to repair to my L. of Somersets house at Sheene, with my mind written: which I did, and that day seuennight following, appearing before him and other of the counsel, was committed to my house for prisoner, because I refused to subscribe to the form of words & sentences that other had agreed unto (as they said.) In which time of imprisonment in my house, the Bish. of Rochester then being as sent to me, and after M. Smith, & then M. Cecil, to which M. Cecil, when I had by learning resolved my mind in the matter, I delivered it, and he delivering it to my lords Grace, wrote me in his name, thanks for it: and then it was within the time of Lent, ere I was discharged of y ^e trouble, and so went to Winchester as a man clearly out of all travel of business.

And within 14. days after that, or there abouts, began other travel with me, upon a request made by my Lord of Somerset to surrender a college in Cambridge, & diverse letters were written between his grace & me in it. Wherein I might perceive the Secretary in his pen took occasiō to prick me more, then I trusted my Lord's grace himself would have done. And by this trouble was I deduced to an end. Then shortly after I received letters to come to y ^e counsel, & by reason I alleged my disease, I was respited by other letters, & three days before whitsontide, received yet other letters to come, by which it might seem unto me, that it was not of all believed that I was diseased, & therefore with all expeditiō when I could not ride, I came in an horselitter, and according to my duty presented myself to my Lord's of the counsel, who all then entertained me secretly among them before the matters were objected unto me, as I had been in the same place with them that I was in our late sovereign lords days. Afterwards my L. of Somersets Grace charged me with these matters following, & in this form, having the articles written in a paper. First, with disobedience that I came not at his sending for. Wherunto I answered, that I had his letters of license, to stay til I might come conveniently. And vpō the last letters I came incontinently in a horselitter.

Then it was objected y ^t I bare Palms, & crept to the cross. Wherunto I answered, that they were misinformed and I trusted they would not think I durst deny it, if I had done it, because ceremonies had such circumstances, as I might easily be reproved, if it were otherwise.

Then it was objected, that at Easter I had a solemn sepulcher in the church, and such other ceremonies. I answered, that I had even as many as the kings Majesty's proclamations commanded me, declaring plainly, that I thought it not expedient to make any alteration, wherein to offend the kings majesties proclamation, adding how he that followeth as he is commanded, is very obedient.

It was then objected unto me, y ^t I went about to deface two of the kings majesties chaplens, sent down to be Canons of the church of Winchester. Wherunto I answered, declaring the fact truly as it was, which I am yet able to justify. After this matter thus oft objected & answered, I was commanded to go apart, and being called in again, my L. of Somersets grace looking upon a bill of Articles, said I had preached how the Apostles went from the presence of the counsel, of the counsel, of the counsel, which matter I denied▪ adding that it was not my fashion of preaching so to play in i • eration of words.

After that, it was objected unto me for preaching of the Sacrament, to say: the body of Christ was really present being a fault to use the word really, not comprised in the Scripture. Whereunto I answered that I did not use the word really, which needeth not. For as I once heard my Lord of Canterbury reason against one Lambert in the presence of the kings Majesty that dead is: the words of scripture, This is my body that shall be betrayed for you, do plainly and lively express the very presence: and so did I set it forth to the people in my diocese. And this is the effect of all that was said against me at my being at the Counsayle, as I can remember. To whom I declared howe much I esteemed obedience, and told them I had taught in my diocese, how the whole life of a Christian man consisteth in suffering properly. And therefore we may not do our own will, but y ^e will of God. And among men we must either suffer the rulers will, or their power, their will to order us, & their power to punish us. After declaratiō whereof my Lord of Somerset said, ye must tarry in the town. Whereunto I answered, I would be contented at their commandment or pleasure to tarry: but seeing I was no offender, I desired them I might not tarry as an offender: and for declaration thereof, that I might have some house in the country about London, to remove unto for a shift. In devising whereof I stack much to borrow Asshar. My Lord of Somerset said, if he had any in faith he would lend me one. And in the end my Lord of Somerset desired me to write what my mind was in ceremonies and to send it unto him, and with that departed.

Thus I have truly opened after what sort I have been complained on, y ^t hath certainly come to my knowledge. Truth it is that one Philpot in Winchester, whom I accounted altered in his wits (as I heard) devised tales of me, the specialties whereof I never was called to answer unto. Players and minstrels also railed on me, & other made ballades and rimes of me, but never mā had just cause to cōplain of any my sayings, doings, or preachings, or to my knowledge did otherwise, then afore. And if any man shall put me in remembrance of any other cōplaynt that might in my absence be made of me: If I have heard it. I will grant so. But well assured I am▪ I was never complained on, & called to make answer to y ^e complaint, but this one time in all my whole life by no man of any degree. Once y ^e Lord Cromwell, God pardon his soul & forgive him, caused one day & a half to be spent in a matter between sir Frances Brian & me, which was ended, & I declared an honest man which the kings majesty that dead is, God pardon his soul, set forth with his familiarity to me incontinently. And this is all the trouble y ^t I have had in my life, saving y ^e sending to the Fleet, being occasioned by my own letter to the counsel upon a zeal that I had, which they allowed not, and finally, this sending of me, to y ^e Tower, which was without calling me before the counsel, to hear what I could say. I am loath to be forsworn: and therefore accompt all the complaints in my whole life made against me, whereunto I have been made privy.

The 7. Article.

Item, that after and upon occasion of those and many other complaints and informations, you have been sundry times admonished, commanded, and enjoined to conform yourself, as to your duty appertained.

Winchester.

To this seventh Article I answer: I was never afore the counsel called by way of outward complaint and information, but only once in all my whole life, which was at my last coming to London. Wherunto I answered (as afore) & have told the form & process of speech to serve for furniture of answer, to this and that Article: for other then I have before written, I remember not to have done or suffered by the higher powers in all my whole life, til my coming into the tower, without that I have had any by admonitions, as a mā faulty or negligent at any time that I remember, for the obseruatiō of any thing already made or set forth by y ^e kings majesty that now is, but have kept, & caused to be kept in my power the kings majesties arts, statutes, injunctions, and proclamations inviolably, having for that purpose such a Chancellor, as in orders & ordinances hath been always himself diligent and precise for that time I might have knowledge of his doings.

The 8. Article.

Item, that after the premisses, & for that those former admonitions & comandements, notwithstanding you did yet still she • yourself not conformable, & for that also others by your example were much animated, & thereby occasion of much unquietness ministered amongst the people, you were called before the kings majesties counsel in the month of June, in the 2. year of his majesties reign, and by them on his majesties behalf, commanded to preach a Sermon before his majesty, and therein to declare the • ustnesse and godliness of his majesties father in his proceedings upon certain matters partly mentioned in certain articles to you delivered in writing, and partly otherwise declared unto you.

The effect whereof was touching the usurped power and authority of the B. of Rome, that the same was justly and godly taken away in this realm, and other the kings majesties dominions: touching the just suppressing and taking away of monasteries and religious houses, of Pilgrimages, Relics, Shrines, Images.

The superstitious going about of S. Nicholas bishop, S. Edmund, S. Katherine, S. Clement, and such like: and just taking away of Chaunteries, Abbeys and Colleges, hallowyng of candels, water, ashes, Palme, holy bread, beads, creeping to the cross & such like.

Also, touching the setting forth of the kings majesties authority in his young years to be as great as if his highness were of many more years.

That auricular confession is indifferent, and of no necessity by the law of God: and touching the procession and Common prayer in English.

Winchester.

This Article being of so many partes as it is, some true, some otherwise, must be answered by division of it in to diverse members, to devide the one from the other, grāting that is true, denying that is otherwise, & opening that is ambiguous, avoiding y ^t is captious, so as according to my oth, I may open directly & plainly the truth, with sincerity of conscience. The motion of preaching was made unto me in mine own house by M. Cecil, upon the duke of Somersets behalf, after I had been before y ^e counsel, as I have before said: from which Counsaile I departed (as before is rehearsed) as no offender, & therefore when M. Cicil spake to me of preaching before the kings Majesty, with request to write my sermon before, I denied that manner of preaching, because I said it was to preach like an offender, and I was none, but departed from the Counsaile otherwise as I have before shown. And the said M. Cicil did not say to me that I was moved to preach, because I was not conformable: for I had at that time no manner of variance with the Counsaile, but was in all conformity with them for any thing that I know, as I will answer afore God.

As for evil example to any man, I could none give, for I never offended law, statute, or proclamatiō in this realm, • e did ever any act to the empairing of due obedience to y ^e kings majesty in all my whole life, but by observation of them, and letting innovations, done as much as in me lay to maintain obedience.

After M. Cecil had spoken to me of preaching, & delivered two papers containing the matters whereupon I should entreat, because I refused to give my sermō in writing (which was to me like an offēder, or to read those papers of another mans devise, as the conception and sincere manner of uttering of mine own conscience) which me thoght then and since, yet a marvelous unreasonable mater touching both my conscience and honesty) I was then fer to the duke of Somersets graces chamber, and came in at a back door to himself alone, saving he took to him as witness he said, the L. now of Wiltshire, then great master, & after many words, shown me certain articles subscribed by Lawyers, what a B. might command, & what the king might command, and what pain to the disobeyer.

To whom I said plainly & truly, how those Lawyers subscription could not serve in this case to command one to utter to the people for mine own devise in words, that is not in deed so: and if I might speak with these lawyers (I said) his grace should soon perceive them to agree with me. My L. said, I should speak with no man, and I should do as I was hidden, or do worse, and bade me advise me till dinner was done. And then was I conveyed by the L. great Master to his chamber, and there left alone to dyne, as was in deed honourably prepared. But I took myself to be in the nature of a prisoner, and a restrained man.

And about two of the clock at after noon, came unto me M. Thomas Smith then Secretary, unto whom I complained of the vnreasonablenes of the matter, & shown him certain particularities, who said it was not meant so precisely, but to speak of the matters. To whō I said, I was content to speak of the matters, and thē if I speak not according to the truth of them, there should be enough to bear witness to my condemnation, and if I spake the truth, then they had their desire. And I said further, I thought I might with my conscience say so as men ought and should be content & satisfied. And further if I thought that in my manner of the uttering of those matters, I should offend the Counsaile, I had rather deny to speak of the thing, and begin the contention secretly with them, then to begin with pulpit, and so bring myself in further trouble then needed, and therefore if they would have me preach, I would preach as of myself, and of these matters, so as I thought they should be content.

Wherupon I was brought up to my L. of Somersets chamber, and there the matter ended thus, that my L. of Somerset said he would require no writing of me, but remit it to me, so I spake of y ^e matters in the papers delivered me by M. Cicill. I told him I would speak of thē, saving for children's toys of going about of S. Nicholas and S. Clement. If that be now gone (quoth I) and forgotten, if I be to busy in rehearsal of them, they will say I comber their heads with ceremonies, and thus they will defame me: When ceremonies were plenty, they will say, I did nothing but preach on them, and now they be gone, I babble of thē still. I said I would teach y ^e chief points, adding that I would speak of other matters also, & with that, being put to my liberty to choose the day, departed: and otherwise I was not spoken with concerning preaching, saving after M. Cicill came unto me, whereof I shall speak anon.

As concerning the matters to be spoken of, all such things as be here rehearsed, be named in the papers, delivered unto me, although not altogether after this sort: saving the setting forth of the kings majesties authority in his minority, whereof there is no word in those papers, nor there was never any promise made of me to speak of it. Truth it is, y ^t after I had signified the day whē I would preach. M. Cicil came unto me making the chief message to know the day when I would preach: to whom I had sent word before that it should be s. Peters day, because me thought the gospel served well for that purpose, & in process of communication he told me that he lyked gaily well a word that I had said in another communication. How a king was as much a king at one year of age, as at one hundred years of age, and if I touched it, he thought it would be well taken. I told him again, every mā knew that, and then opened of myself the matter further.

And at his next repair unto me, which was the mōday before I preached, the said M. Cicil brought me papers of the kings majesties hand, showing me how his hyghnesse used to note every notable sentence, and specially if it touched a king, and therefore (quoth he) if ye speak of a king, ye must join Counsaile withal. Whereunto I made no answer, but shifted to other matter, without making him any promise or denial, because I would neither bind myself, nor trouble myself to discuss that matter. For albeit it is godly and wisely done of every Prince to use Counsaile, yet speaking of a kings power by scripture, I cannot by express scripture limit the kings power by counsel. And hearing blyndly by report some secret matter, that I will not speak of here, I thought not to meddle with it in the pulpet: and yet to the effect to have our sovereign L. now obeyed, of which mind I was ever, I pointed to our sovereign L. there in presence, & said he was only to be obeyed, and I would have but one king, and other words to that purpose. But for any promise to be made by me, I utterly deny it, and tell plainly the cause why I spake not otherwise of it. There was also in the papers delivered unto me, occasion given me to speak of the Mass, because of Masses satisfactory, as some understand them. And also there was occasion to speak of the sacrament of the altar, because of the proclamation passed of the same, which to be true, I shall justify by the said papers.

The 9. Article.

Item, that you receiving the same, and promising to declare the same in a Sermon by you made before his majesty for that purpose on the feast of S. Peter, in the said 2. year of his reign, did then and there contemptuously and disobediently omit to declare and set forth many of the said matters, and of divers others of the said Articles, you spake and uttered your mind in such doubtful sort, as the justness and godliness of his Majesty's fathers and his proceedings, was not set forth according to the commandment given unto you, and your own promise, to the great offense of the hearers, and manifest contempt of his majesty, and dangerous example of others.

Winchester.

Touching y ^e promise I answer as afore, & as touching omission of y ^t I should have spoken of, by contempt or disobedience, I answer by mine oth: I did not omit anything (if I did omit it) by contempt or disobedience: for I ever minded to satisfy y ^e promise, to speak of all matters in those papers, according to my former declaratiō. And if I did percase omit anything (whereof I cā make now no assurance being ii. years & a half past since I preached) but if I did omit anything, who knew my travel in y ^t matter, would not marvel, being troubled w ^t a letter sent from y ^e duke of Somerset, whereof I shall speak after. So as frō 4. of y ^e clock, on thursday, till I had done my sermon on y ^• friday, I did neither drink, eat, ne sleep, so careful was I to pass over y ^e travel of preching, without all slander of the truth, w ^t satisfaction of my promise, & discharge of my duty to God & y ^e kings most excellent majesty. Wherein, whether any thing were omitted or not, I could have answered more precisely thē I can now, if according to my most instant suit, & the suit of my servants, y ^• matter had been heard while it was in fresh memory. But because omissiō may be by infirmity of nature, in which obliuiō is a pain of our original sin, in which case it is no mortal offense, if a man being put in remembrance will purge it, I therefore according to the true testimony of mine own conscience, dare y ^e more boldly deny all contempt & disobedience, having for my declaratiō a general sentence spoken in my sermon, y ^t I agreed with the upper part in their laws, orders & commandments, or such like words, & found only fault in the lower part. By which sentence appeared, how I allowed in y ^e whole, that was past thetherto, & only dissented frō the doings of thē y ^t attempt innovations of their own presumption. And furthermore I say, y ^t that saying [omission] here objected unto me, if it were true as I know it not to be, may happen two ways: one way by infirmity of nature, another way of purpose. charity of a christē mā permitteth not to determine y ^e worst of that is doubtful & ambiguous to both parties: as touching doutfulnes objected. I take god to record I minded to speak simply, & to be on y ^e kings majesties side only, & not to go invisible in the world, w ^t ambiguities esteeming him, &c. The worst mā of all is, y ^t will make himself a lock of words & speech, which is known not to be my factiō, nor I think this life worth y ^• dissimulation, & how can y ^t be a doubtful speech in him, y ^t professeth to agree with the kings laws, injunctions & statutes, which I did expressly. There be y ^t cal a doubt whatsoever serveth not their appetite. It is not in y ^e speaker to satisfy the hearer y ^t will doubt where dout is not. The sum of my teaching was, y ^t all visible things be ordered to serve us, which we may in convenient service use. And whē we serve them, y ^t is an abuse, and may thē at y ^e rulers pleasure, unless scripture appointeth a special use of thē, be corrected in y ^• use, or takē away for reformatiō. And this is a plain teaching y ^t hath no dout in it, but a yea & a nay on ii. sides, w ^t out a mean to make a dout, And if any y ^t douteth cometh unto me, I will resolve him y ^• doubt as I can. And if I promised to speak plainly or am commanded to speak plainly & cannot, thē is my fault to promise only in the nature of folly & ignorance, whereunto I resort, not for a shift, whereof in deed I profess y ^e knowledge but to show how sometime to my hinderance, I am noted learned that can speak plainly, and yet speak doubtfully, other whiles am rejected as one y ^t understandeth not the matter at all. As touching contempt, there can be none▪ manifest y ^t proceedeth of a privy promise if I had broken it, I intended not, but intended to take it, as appeareth by my general sentence, to agre w ^t the superiors, & only find fault in y ^e inferior subjects, who daily transgresseth the kings majesties proclamations and other, whereof I spake then.

The 10. Article.

Item, that you being also commanded on his Majesty's behalf, for the avoiding of tumult, and for other great considerations inhibited to treat of any matter in controversy concerning the mass of the communion, then commonly called the sacrament of the altar, did contrary to the said commandment and inhibition, declare diverse your judgments and opinions in the same, in the manifest contempt of his highness said inhibition, to the great offense of the hearers and disturbance of common quiet and unity of the realm.

Winchester.

To the x. article the said B. answered, y ^t the Wednesday at after noon, next before y ^e friday whē I preached, M. Cicil came to me, & having in all his other accesses spoken no word thereof, did thē utter & advise me frō y ^e D. of Somerset, y ^t I should not speak of the sacrament, or of the Mass, whereby he said I should avoid trouble. And when he saw me not take it well, I mean (quoth he) doubtful matters. I asked him what? He said transubstantiation. I told him he wist not what transubstantiation meant. I will preach (quoth I) the very presence of Christ's most precious body & blood in the sacrament, which is the catholic faith, & no doubtful matter, ne yet in controversy, saving that certain unlearned speak of it, they wot not what. And among the matters quoth I, whereof I have promised to speak▪ I must by special words speak of the sacrament & the mass also. And when I shall so speak of thē. I will not forbear to utter my faith & true belief therein, which I think necessary for the kings majesty to know: & therefore if I wist to be hanged when I came down, I would speak it. Which plain zeal of my conscience, grounded vpō gods commandment to do his message truly, I would not hide, but utter so, as my L. should, if he would not have it spoken of, nor let me to come there as he might have done, where as else, if I had had a deceitful purpose, I might have accepted the advise, & w ^t out any color of trouble, have refused to follow it as a thing grounded upon wealth only, as it was thē uttered. With this my answer M. Cicil departed, & upon y ^e thursday which was the next day following, & the evening before I preached, between 3. & 4. at after noon, I received a letter signed with the hand of the D. of Somerset (the copy whereof I am ready to exhibit) & took it them, & esteemed it so now to continue no effectual inhibition whereunto I might by gods law, or the kings majesties laws with discharge of my conscience & duty obey, although the said letters had been (as they were not) in such terms framed, as had precisely forbidden me (as they did not) but only to speak of matters in controversy of the sacrament, which in deed I did not, but only uttered a truth to my conscience, most certainly persuaded of the most holy sacrament, necessary to be known to the kings majesty, & to be uttered by me admitted to that place of preaching, from whence God commandeth his truth to be uttered, which in this nature of truth (the undue estimation and use whereof, S. Paul threateneth with temporal death) may in no wise be omitted. So as I was and am persuaded the right estimation of the sacrament, to be to acknowledge the very presence of the same most precious body and blood present in the Sacrament to feed us, that was given to redeem us. If I shown not my sovereign Lord the truth thereof, I for my part suffer him wittingly to fall into that extreme danger of body, which S Paul threateneth, whose person I am bound by nature, by special oaths, by God's laws to preserve to my power as I will do, and must do, by all ways and means. And if the Kings Majesty doth vouchsafe to teache his people not to obey his commandment, where God commandeth the contrary, I might not take my Lord of Somersets letter for an inhibition to hold my peace, when God biddeth me to speak as he doth whē the Wolf cometh, and not to hide myself in silence, which is the most shameful running away of all. I have much matter to allege against the letter why I should not credit it, written in his name alone, against a common letter (as I took it) written by him and the counsel, and published in print the first day of the said month, which maintaineth my preaching of the sacrament & mass, according to the proclamations and injunctions: the violation of which public letters, had been a disorder and contempt, where as I neither offended in the one, nor the other.

And as for tumult, none could reasonably be feared of anything spoken agreeable to the kings majesties laws, as there did follow none, nor the people, or any man did offer my person any wrong, or make tumult against me, not withstanding players, jesters, rimers, ballademakers, did signify me to be of the true catholic faith, which I according to my duty declared to the kings majesty, from whō I may hide no truth that I think expedient for him to know. And as the name of God cannot be used of any creature against God, no more can the kings name, being used of any subject against his highness. Wherefore seeing the abuse of this holy sacrament hath in it a danger assured by scripture of body & soul, whosoever is persuaded in y ^e catholic faith (as I am) findeth himself so burdened to utter that unto his majesty, as no worldly loss cā let him to do his duty in that behalf, and much less my Lord's private letters written without other of the counsails hands.

The 11. Article.

Item, that after the premisses, viz. in the month of May or June or one of them, in the 3. year of his highness reign, his majesty sent eftsoons unto you to know your conformity towards his said reformations, and specially touching the book of common prayer then lately set forth by his majesty, whereunto you at the same time refused to show yourself conformable.

Winchester.

To the xi. article for answer and declaration thereof, he said: The next day at after noon after he had preached, when he looked for no such matter, came to his house the right worshipful Sir Anthony Wingfield, and Sir Rafe Sadler knights, accompanied with a great number of the gard, and used themselves for their part according to their worships, and (I doubt not) as they were appointed, Sir Rafe Sadler begā thus w ^t me: My L. (said he) ye preached yesterday obedience, but ye did not obey yourself, & went forth w ^t his message very soberly as he can, and discretely. I asked him wherein I obeyed not. He said, touching my L. of Somersets letter. Master Sadler, quoth I, I pray you say to my Lord's grace, I would he never made mention of that letter, for the love I bear him. And yet quoth I, I have not broken that letter, & I was mineded, quoth I, to have written to my L. upon the receipt of it, and loe, quoth I, ye may see how I begā, and shown him (because we were then in my study) the beginning of my letter, and reasoned with him for declaration of myself, and told him therewith, I will not spend, quoth I, many words w ^t you, for I cā not alter this determination. And yet in good faith quoth I, my manner to you, and this declaration may have this effect, that I be gently handled in the prison, and for that purpose I pray you, make suit on my behalf.

Master Wingfield laid his hand on my shoulder, and arrested me in y ^e kings name for disobedience. I asked them whether I should. They said to the Tower. Finally I desired them that I might be spoken with shortly, & heard what I could say for myself, and prayed them to be suitors in it, and so they said they would.

After y ^t I was once in the tower, until it was within 6. days of one whole yere, I could hear no manner word, message, comfort, or relief, saving once when I was sick, and me thought some extremity towards me, my Chaplain had license to come to me for one time, & then denied again, being answered that my fever was but a tertian, which my said Chaplain told me when he came to me at the Easter following, and there being with me from the morning till night on Easter day departed, and for no su • e could never have him since. To M. Lieftenant I made diverse suits to provoke the duke of Somersets grace to hear me. And if I might have the liberty of an English man, I would plainly declare I had neither offended law, statute, act, proclamation nor his own letter neither, but all would not help, & I shall report me to M. Lieftenāt whether in all this time I maligned, grudged or used any unseemly words, ever demanding justice, & to be heard according to justice. When I had been thus in the tower one whole year within 6. days or 7. as I remember, came to the Tower the Lord Chancellor of England, now being the L. Treasurer, and master Secretarye Peter, who calling me unto them, as I remember, entered this: They said they had brought with them a book passed by the parliament, which they would I should look on and say my mind to it, and upon my conformity in it, my Lord of Somerset would be suitor to the kings majesty for mercy to be ministered to me. Wherunto I answered that I trusted if I might be heard, the kings Majesty's justice would releue me, which I had longsued for, and could not be heard. And to sue for mercy, quoth I, when I have not in my conscience offended, and also to sue out of this place, where asking of mercy, employeth a further suspicion then I would be for all the world touched in it, were not expedient. And therefore, quoth I, not guilty is and hath been allowed a good plee for a prisoner. Then my Lord said, why quoth he, were ye not commanded to preach of the kings authority in his young age, & yet did not? I told him I was not commanded. Is not (quoth he) that Article in the papers ye had delivered you? I assured him no.

And after communication of the kings Majesty's authority wherein was no disagrement, then my lord Chancellor said I had disobeied my Lord's graces letter. I told him I thought not, and if the matter came to judgment, it should appear. And then I said to him, my Lord howe many open injunctions under Seal and in open Courte have been broken in this Realm? the punishment whereof hath not ben handled after this sort, & yet I would stand in defense y ^t I had not broken his letter, waying the words of the letter, wherein I reasoned with M. Peter Secretary what a controversy was, and some part what I could say further. But what so ever I can say (quoth I) you must judge it, and for the passion of God do it, and then let me sue for mercy, when the nature of the offense is known if I will have it. But when I am (quoth I) declared an offender, I will with humility of suffering make amends to the kings Majesty, so far as I am able: for I should never offend him, and much less in his young age.

My L. Chancelor then shown me the beginning of the act for common prayer, how dangerous it was to break the order of it, I told him that it was true, & therefore if I came abroad, I would be well ware of it. But it is (quoth I) after in the act how no man should be troubled for this act, unless he were first indicted, and therefore (quoth I,) I may not be kept in prison for this act. Ah (quoth he) I perceive ye know the law well enough, I told him my Chaplain had brought it unto me the after noon before. Then they required me to look on the boke, and to say my mind in it. I answered that I thought not mete to yield myself a scholar to go to school in prison, & then slander myself as though I redeemed my faults with my conscience. As touching the law which I know not, I will honor it like a subject, and if I keep it not, I will willingly suffer the pain of it. And what more conformity I should show, I cannot tell, for mine offenses be past if there be any. If I have not suffered enough I will suffer more, if upon examination I be found faulty, & as for this new law, if I keep it not, punish me likewise.

Then my Lord Chaunceloure asked me whether I would not desire the kings Majesty to be my good Lord. At which word I said: alas my Lord (quoth I) do ye think that I have so forgotten myself? My duty (quoth I) requireth so, and I will on my knees desire him to be my good Lord and my Lord Protectour also quoth I, that is well said quoth my Lord Chaunceler. And what will ye say further, quoth my L. Chanceler, In good faith quoth I this, that I thought when I had preached, that I had not offended at all, and think so still, and had it not ben for the article of the supremacy, I would have rather feigned myself sick, then be occasion of this that hath followed: but going to the Pulpit, I must needs say as I said. Well quoth my lord Chanceler, let us go to our purpose again. Ye will quoth he, desire the kings majesty to be your good Lord, and my Lord Protectour also, and ye say ye thought not to have offended. All this I will say quoth I. And ye will (quoth my Lord Chanceler) submit yourself to be ordered by my Lord Protector. Nay (quoth I) by the law for my Lord Protectour quoth I hath scourged me ouersore this yere, to put my matter in his hands now. And in the latter point I varied with my Lord Chancellor, when I could not refer my order to my Lord Protectour, but to the law, and staying at this point they were content to grant me of their gentleness to make their suit to procure me to be heard, and to obtain me liberty to go in the galery, and that I should hear of one of them within two days following. I desired them to remember that I refused not the boke by way of contempt, nor in no evil manner, but y ^t I was loath to yield myself a scholar in the Tower, and to be seen to redeem my faults if I had any, with my conscience. My body I said, should serve my conscience, but not contrariwise. And this is the truth upon my conscience and oath that was done and said at their coming. There was more said to the purposes aforesaid. And I bind not myself to the precise form of words, but to the substance of the matter and fashion of the entreating. So near as I can remember, I have truly discharged mine oth: But I heard no more of my matter in one whole yere after almost within 14. days notwithstanding two letters written by me to the Counsaile, of most humble request to be heard according to justice. And then at y ^e ende of 2. years almost, came unto me the Duke of Somerset with other of the counsel, which matter because it is left out here, I shall not touch but prepare it in a matter apart, for declaration of my behavior at all times.

The 12. Article.

Item, that after that. &c. the 9. day of July, in the 4. year of his Majesty's reign, his highness sent unto you his graces letters, with a certain submission and Articles, whereunto his grace willed and commanded you to subscribe, to which submission, you contemptuously refused to subscribe.

Winchester.

To the 12. article for answer thereunto, he granted that about the time mentioned in this Article, the Lord Treasurer, the Earl of Warwike lord great master, sir William Harbert, and M. Secretary Peter, came to the tower: and called me before them, and delivered unto me the Kynges majesties letters which I have to show, and received them at the hands of the lord Treasurer upon my knees, kissed them as my duty was, and still upon my knees red them, where as they right gently required me to take more ease, & to go apart with them, & consider them, which after that I had thoroughly read, I much lamented that I should be commanded to say of myself as was there written, and to say otherwise of myself then my conscience will suffer me, & where I trust my deeds will not condemn me, thereto condemn myself w ^t my tongue, I should sooner (quoth I to them) by commandment: think if ye would bid me to tumble myself desperately into the Thames.

My lord of Warwick seeing me in that agonye, said: What say ye my Lord, quoth he, to the other Articles? I answered that I was loath to disobey, where I might obey and not wrast my conscience, destroying the comfort of it, as to say untruly of myself. Well, quoth my Lord of Warwick, will ye subscribe to the other Articles? I told him I would. But then, quoth I, the Article that toucheth me, must be put out. I was answered that needeth not, for I might write on the one side what I would say unto it: and then my Lord of Warwick entertained me very gently, and would needs whiles I should write, have me sit down by him, and when he saw me make somewhat strange so to do, he pulled me nearer him, and said we had ere this sit together, & trusted we should do so again. And then having pen & ink given me, I wrote as I remember, on the Article that touched me, these words: I cannot with my conscience say this of myself, or such like words. And there followed an Article of the kings Majesty's primacy, and I began to write on the side o • that, & had made an I, onward as may appere by the articles, & they would not have me do so, but write only my name after their articles: which I did. Whereat because they shown themselves pleased and content: I was bold to tell them merely that by this mean, I had placed my subscription above them all, & thereupon it pleased them to entertein me much to my comfort.

And I was bold to account unto them merry tales of my misery in prison, which they seemed content to hear: and then I told them also (desiring them not to be miscontent with that I should say:) when I remember eache of them alone, I could not think otherwise of them but they were my good Lord's: and yet when they meet together, I feel no remedy at their hands. I looked quoth I, when my L. of Somerset was here to go out within two days, and made my fare well feast in the Tower and all, since which time there is a month past or thereabout: and I agree w ^t them, and now agree with you, and I may fortune be forgotten. My Lord Treasurer said nay, I should hear from them the next day, and so by their special commandment came out of the chamber ofter them, that they might be seen depart as my good Lord's: and so was done. By which process doth appear how there was in me no contempt, as is said in this article, but such a subscriptiō made as they were content to suffer me to make, which I took in my conscience for a whole satisfaction of the kings majesties letters, which I desire may be deemed accordinglye. And one thing was said unto me further that other would have put in many moe Articles, but they would have no more but those.

The 13. Article.

Item, that you having eftsones certain of the kings Majesty's honorable Counsaile sent unto you the 12. of July in the said 4. yere with the said submission, and being on his Majesty's behalf required and commanded to consider again and better the said submission, and to subscribe the same, stood in justification of yourself, & would in no wise subscribe thereunto.

Winchester.

To the 13. article he said: The next day after the being in the Tower of the said L. Treasurer, the Earl of Warwike & other: came unto me Syr W. Harbert & M. Secretary Peter, to devise with me how to make some acknowledging of my fault (as they said) because the other form liked me not. Wherunto I said I knew myself innocent, and to enter with you to entreat of a devise to impair my innocence in any point by my words or writings, it can have no policy in it. For although I did more esteem liberty of body, then the defamation of myself: yet (quoth I) whē I had so done with you, I were not so assured by you to come out. For when I were by my own pen once made an naughtye man, then were I not the more sure to come out, but had locked myself the more surely in, and a small pleasure were it to me to have my body at liberty by your procurement, and to have my conscience in perpetual prison by mine own act. Many more words there were, and persuasions on their parties▪ which caused me to require of them, for the passion of God, that my matter might take an end by justice, and so departed, their being no contempt or faction of disobedience shown on my behalf, but only allegation for my defense of mine innocence in y ^e best manner I could devise, as I trust they will testify.

The 14. Article.

Item, that after all this, videlicet the 14. day of July in the said 4. year, the kings majesty sent yet again unto you certain of his majesties honorable Counsaile with another submission, and diverse other articles, willing and commanding you to subscribe your name thereunto: which to do you utterly refused.

Winchester.

To the 14. Article he said, that on the Monday in the morning following came the bishop of London, Syr William Harbert, master Secretary Peter, & another whom I know not, who brought with them a paper, with certain articles written in it, which they required me to subscribe. Whereupon I most instantly required that my matter might be tried by justice, which although it were more grievous, yet it hath a commodity with it, that it endeth certainly the matter? And I could never yet come to my assured stay, and therefore refused to meddle with anymore Articles, or to trouble myself with the reading of them, & yet they desired me so instantly to read them, that I was content, and did read, and to show my perfect obediente mind, offered incontinently upon my delivery out of prison, to make answer unto them, all such as I would abide by and suffer pain for, If I have deserved it. I would in deed gladly have been in hand with my Lord of London, but he said he came not to dispute, and said it was the hand of God that I was thus in prison, because I had so troubled other mē in my time. Finally my request was, that they should in this form make my answer to my Lord's of the Counsel as followeth: That I most humbly thank them of their good will to deliver me by the way of mercy, but because in respect of mine own innocent conscience I had rather have justice, I desired them, seeing both was in the kings Majesty's hands, that I might have it, which if it happen to me more grievous, I will impute it to myself, and evermore thank them for their good will, and so departed I with them, as I trust they will testify, and no misbehavior or demeanour to have been used on my behalf.

The 15. Article.

Item, that after all this, viz. the 19. day of Iulye, in the said 4. year, you being personally called before the kings majesties privy counsel, and having the said submission and articles openly and distinctly read unto you, & required to subscribe the same refused for unjust considerations by you alleged to subscribe the same.

Winchester.

To the 15. article. I grant, that upon a Saterdaye at after noon, even at such time of the day as they were at Evensong in the Chapel at the Courte, I was brought thither, and at my coming the Lord's of the Counsaile said they were all my Judges by special commission, and intended to proceed thus with me: That I should subscribe certain articles which were then read, and I must directly make answer, whether I would subscribe them or no. I answered on my knees in this wise: For the passion of God my Lord's be my good Lord's, and let me be tried by justice whether I be faultye or no: and as for these articles as soon as ye deliver me to my liberty, I would make answer to them whether I would subscribe them or no. Then they having further to say, I answered, these Articles were of diverse sortes: some be laws which I may not qualify: some be no laws but learning and fact, which may have diverse understandings, & a subscription to them without telling what I mean, were over dangerous: and therefore I offered for y ^e more declaration of rain obedience to all their requests, that if they would deliver me the articles into the prison with me, I would shortly make them particular answer, and suffer the pains of the law, that by my answer I might incur unto: Wherupon I was commanded to go a part, and they sent unto me the Lord Treasurer and master Secretary Peter, who communed with me of a mean way, and that liked not the Lord's. And then was I called forth again, and my absolute subscription required again, & I again made offer to answer particularly, for I could not with my conscience subscribe them as they were absolutely. And these my considerations, I trust to be just, seeing no man for any commandments ought to offend his conscience, as I must have done in that case.

The 16. Article.

Item, that for your sundry and manifold contempts and disobediences in this behalf used, the fruits of your Bishopric were then by special commission of his Majesty justly and lawfully sequestered.

Winchester.

To the 16. article, I deny contemptes, and disobedience of partes, and say that my doings cannot so be termed, because it is taught in this realm for a doctrine of obedience, that if a king command that is contrary to the commandment of God, the subject may not do as he is commanded, but humbly stand to my conscience, which is my case, who could not with my conscience do as I was required. And as touching the fact of decree, there was in deed a decree read, having words so placed and framed, as though I were such an offender, which mater I deny. And in that decree was mention made of sequestration of fruits: but whether the form of words were of the present tense, or else to be sequestered, I cannot precisely tell, but do refer that to the tenor of the decree.

The 17. Article.

Item, that after this, you had intimation and peremptory monition, with communication that you should within 3. months next following the said intimation, reconcile and submit youre self under pain of deprivation.

Winchester.

To the 17. article I answer, that in the same decree of sequestration at the same time read, I kneeling from the beginning of the decree, to the latter ende, I remember there was an intimation and three months spoken of, & expressed also how at every months end I should have pen and ink offered to write, if I would yet subscribe, and as I understand it was upon the pain of proceeding further. And I do not remember that I herd the word deprivation, but therein I refer me to the acts of the sentence, which whē it was red, I desired it might be testified what mine offer was, to answer all those articles particularly, even remaining in prison. And this done, I made suite for some of my servants abroad to resort to me to the tower, partly for my comfort, partly for my necessary business, which could not be obtained. And yet to provoke it, I said to my Lord of Warwike, howe for agreeing w ^t my L. of Somerset, I had some commodity, and for agreeing with him had nothing, and therefore would needs by intercession press him, that I might by his means have some of my servants resorting unto me. He answered very gently. And then one said I should win 2. or 3. days have somebody come to me. And then I was dismissed with commandment to the lieutenant to let me have the same liberty I had, but no more.

The 18. Article.

Item, that the said three months are naw thoroughly expired and run.

Winchester.

To the 18. Article he said, there is almost 6. months passed in time and number of days, but not one month past to the effect of the law, nor 10. days neither, because I have been so kept in prison y ^t I could not see for remedy in form abouesaide, nor there was not at every month, after the form of the sentence offered me, pen and ink & liberty given me to consult and deliberate w ^t other learned men and friends what were best to do, or to send unto them. And furthermore, the very 8. day after the decree given, I protested before my servants whom I had only commodity to use as witness of the nullity of the decree for the evident and apparent matter in it, but if it were any in law, I appealed to the kings Majesty, because my request was not admitted to have the copy of the articles to answer them particularly, and because it is excessive correction to sequester my fruits and keep me in prison, with other cases to be deduced where I might have opportunity. Which appellation I protested to intimate as soon as I could come to any presence mete therefore, as I did in this assemble at my last repair, desiring therewith the benefit restitutionis in integrum, because of mine imprisonment, and therefore do answer this matter with protestation of that appeal, and utterly deny all manner of contempt.

The 19. Article.

Item, that yon hitherto according to the said intimation and monition, submitted, reconciled, nor reformed yourself, but cōtemptuously yet still remain in your first disobedience.

Winchester.

To the 19. Article, I say that I have been all this while in prison so kept, as no man could have access to counsel with me, nor any means to write or send to any man, having made continual suite to Master Lieutenaunte and master Marshal, under whose custody I am here, to make suite in my name to the Lord's of the Counsaile, that I might come to hearing, or else be bailed upon surety: which I could not obtain, and so have remained under the benefit of my said appeal to the kings Majesty, made as I might for y ^e time, which I eftsoons desire may have liberty to prosecute.

And where as answering to these Articles, for declaration of the integrity of my conscience, I use in the same places general words: I protest I mean not by those words to setforth myself otherwise more arrogantly then as my direct intent (which excludeth malice) and purpose moveth me to say, and as my conscience beareth witness unto me at this time, and therefore will say therein with S. Paul: Nihil mihi conscius sum, sed non in hoc iustificatus sum. Wherefore if any specially be objected unto me, wherein by ignorance or oversight & negligence, any mine offense may appear against the kings Majesty's laws, Statutes and Injunctions, I shall desire and protest that it be not prejudicial to mine answer (for this present, credo, as lawyers in civil matters use that term) to be true, y ^t is to say such as w ^t out any alteration in my conscience, presently I may of myself say in affirmation or denial, as afore is answered. And whereas I speak of commandment to be made to me against God's law, I protest not to touch my sovereign Lord's honor therein, which my duty is by all means to preserve, but that the commandment given, resolveth to be against God's law on my part, in the obedience to be givē, because I may not answer or say otherwise, but Est, est, non, non. So as my words and heart may agree together, or else I should offend God's law, which my sovereign if he knew my conscience, would not command me.

After these things thus passed, certain of the Counsail by the kings appointment had sundry days and times access to him in the Tower to persuade with him: which were these, the Duke of Somerset, the lord Treasurer, the Lord privy Seal, the Lord great Chamberlain, and M. Secretary Peter. Who repairing to him the x. day of June an. 1550. he desired of them to see the kings book of proceedings: upon the sight whereof he would make a full answer, seeming to be willing in all things to conform himself thereunto: and promising that in case anything offended his conscience, he would open it to none but to the Counsaile. Whereupon it was agreed the book should be sent him to see his answer, that his case might be resolved upon, & that for the mean time he should have the liberty of the galery and gardine in the Tower, when the Duke of Norfolk were absent.

The king then was lying at Grenewich, at which time the Lieftenant of the tower was appointed to deliver the kings book to the bishop of Winchester. Who within three days after (which was the 13. of June) made declaration again unto the counsel, that the Bishop having perused it, said unto him he could make no direct answer unless he were at liberty, and so being he would say his conscience. Whereupon the Lord's and other that had been with him the other day, were appointed to go to him again to receive a direct answer that the Counsail thereupon might determine further order for him.

The answer of the bishop being received, through the report of the Lord's which had ben with him, declaration was made again, the 8. day of July 1550. that his answers were ever doutful, refusing while he were in prisō to make any direct answer. Wherefore it was determined that he should be directly examined whether he would sincerely conform himself unto the kings majesties proceedings or not. For which purpose it was agreed y ^t particular articles should be drawn, to see whether he would subscribe them or not, and a letter also directed unto him from the kings highness, with the which the L. Treasurer, the L. great master, the master of the horse, and master Secretary Peter should repair unto him: the tenor of which letter hereafter ensueth.

A letter sent to the Bishop of Winchester, signed by the king, and subscribed by the Counsaile.

IT is not (we think) unknown unto you, with what clemency and favor, we by the advise of our Counsayle caused you to be heard and used upon these sundry complaints and informations that were made to us & our said Counsaile of your disordered doings and words, both at the time of our late visitation, and otherwise. Which notwithstanding, considering that the favor both then and many other times ministered unto you, wrought rather an insolent willfulness in yourself, thē any obediente conformity, such as would have beseemed a man of your vocation, we could not but use some demonstration of justice towards you, as well for such notorious and apparaunt contemptes and other inobediences, as after and contrary to our commandment were openly known in you, as also for some example and terror of such others as by your example seemed to take courage to mutter and grudge against our most godly proceedings: whereof great discord & inconvenience at that time might have ensued. For the avoiding whereof, & for your just deseruinges, you were by our said Counsayle committed to ward. Where albeit we have suffered you to remain a long space, sending unto you in the mean time at sundry times diverse of the Noble men and others of our privy Counsayle, and trauayling by them with clemencye and favor to have reduced you to the knowledge of your duty: yet in all this time have you neither knowledged your faults, nor made any such submission as might have beseemed you, nor yet shown any apparāce either of reap̄tāce, or of any good conformitye to our godly proceedings. Wherewith albeit we both have good cause to be offended, & might also justly by the order of our laws, cause your former doings to be reformed and punished to the example of others, yet for that we would both the world & yourself also should know that we delight more in clemency, then in the straight administratiō of justice, we have vouchsafed not only to a dress unto you these our letters, but also to send eftsones unto you 4. of our privy counsel with certain articles: which being by us with the advise of our said Counsaile considered, we think requisite for sundry considerations to be subscribed by you, and therefore would and command you to subscribe the said Articles upon pain of incurring such punishment and penalties, as by our laws may be put upon you for not doing the same. Geuen at our palace of Westminster the 8. day of Iulye, the 4. year of our reign.

With this letter addressed from the king and his Counsaile, these Articles also were delivered to the B. of Winchester here following.

To these articles afore specified, although Winchester with his own hand did subscribe, granting and consenting to the supremacy of the King, as well then being as of his successors to come: yet because he stuck so much in the first point touching his submission, and would in no case subscribe to the same, but only made his answer in the margent (as is above noted) it was therefore thought good to the king, that the Master of the horse, and master Secretary Peter should repair unto him again with the same request of submission, exhortinge him to look better upon it: and in case the words seemed too sore, then to refer it unto him self in what sort and with what words he should devise to submit him, that upon y ^e acknowledge of his fault, the kings highness might extēd his mercy and liberality towards him as it was determined. Which was the 11. day of June, the year abovesaid.

When the master of the horse and secretarie Peter had been with him in the tower according to their Commission, returning from him again they declared unto the king and his Counsaile how precisely the said Bishop stood in justification of him self, that he had never offended the kings Majesty: wherefore he utterly refused to make any submission at all. For the more surety of which denial, it was agreed that a new book of Articles should be devised, wherewith the said master of the horse and master Secretary Peter should repair unto him again, and for the more autentike proceeding w ^t him, they to have with thē a Divine and a temporal Lawyer, which were the Bishop of London, and master Goodricke.

These Articles were sent the 15. of July.

The bishop of Winchester receiving and perusing these Articles, made this answer again: That first touching the Article of submission, he would in no wise consent, affirming as he had done before, that he had never offended the kings Maiestye in any such sort as should give him cause thus to submit himself: praying earnestly to be brought unto his trial: wherein he refused the kings mercy, and desired nothing but justice. And for the rest of the articles he answered that after he were past his trial in this first point, and were at liberty, then it should appear what he would do in them: not being (as he said) reasonable that he should subscribe them in prison.

Of this answer when the king and his counsel had intelligence by the foresaid Master of the horse, Secretary Peter, the bishop of London, and M. Goodricke who had been with him, it was agreed that he should be sent for before the whole counsel, and peremptorily examined once again, whether he would stand at this point or no: which if he did, then to denoūce unto him the sequestration of his benefice, and consequently the intimation, in case he were not reformed within 3. months, as in the day of his appearance shall appear. The tenor and words of which sequestration, with the Intimation followeth.

The words of the Sequestration with the Intimation to the Bishop of Winchester.

FOr as much as the kings majesty our most gracious sovereign Lord understandeth, and it is also manifestly known and notorious unto us, that the clemency & long sufferance of his majesty worketh not in you y ^e good effect and humbleness and conformity, that is requisite in a good subject: and for that your first disobediences, cōtēpts, and other misbehauiours, for the which you were by his Majesty's authority justly committed to ward, have • ithes your said committing, daily more & more increased in you in such sort as a great slander and offense is thereof risen, in many parts of the realm, whereby also much slander, dissention trouble, & unquietness is very like more to ensue if your foresaid offenses being as they be openly known, should pass unpunished: we let you wit that having special and express Commission and commandment from his Majesty, as well for your contumacies and contempts so long continued and yet daily more increasing, as also for the exchange of the slander & offense of the people, which by your said ill demeanors is risen, and for that also the Church of Winchester may be in the mean time provided of a good minister that may and will see all things done & quietly executed according to laws and common orders of this Realm, & for sundry other great and urgent causes we do by these presents sequester all the fruits, revenues lands and possessions of your Bishopric of Winchester & discern, deem & judge the same to be committed to the several receipt collection and custody of such person or persons as his Majesty shall appoint for that purpose. And because your former disobediences and contemptes so long continued, so many times doubled, renewed and aggravated, do manifestly declare you to be a person without all hope of recovery & plainly incorrigible: we eftsoons admonish and require you to obey his majesties said commandment and that you do declare yourself by subscription of youre hand, both willing & well contented to accept, allow preach and teache to others the said articles, and all such other matters as be or shall be set forth by his majesties authority of supreme head of this church of England, on this side, & within the term of 3. months, whereof we appoint one month for the first monition, one month for the second monition and warning, and one month for the third and peremptory monition.

Within which time as you may yet declare your conformity, and shall have paper, pen and ink when you will cal for them for that purpose, so if you willfully forbear and refuse to declare yourself obedient and conformable as is aforesaid, we intimate unto you that his majesty, who like a good governor desireth to keep both his common wealth quiet, and to purge the same of evil men (especially ministers) intendeth to proceed against you as an incorrigible person and unmeet minister of this church, to deprivation of your said bishopprike.

Neuertheles, upon diverse good considerations, and specially in hope he might within his time be yet reconciled, it was agreed that the said bishops house & servants should be maintained in their present estate, until y ^e time that this Iniunction should expire, & the matter for the mean time to be kept secrete.

After this sequestration, the said B. was commensed unto Lambeth before the Archbishop of Cant. & other the kings commissioners by virtue of the kings special letter sent unto the said Commissioners, to wit, to the Archbyshop of Canterbury, Nicholas bishop of London, Thomas bishop of Eli, Henry bishop of Lincoln, Secretary Peter, Syr James Hales knight, Doctor Leyson, Doctor Olyuer lawyers, and John Gosnold Esquire. &c. before them, and by them to be examined, by whom were objected against him 19. special articles in order and form here following.

Articles and positions ministered jointly and severally objected to the B. of Winchester.

IN primis, that the kings Majesty justly and rightfully is, and by the laws of God ought to be the supreme head in earth of the Church of England and Ireland, and so is by the Clergy of this realm in their convocation, and by the Act of Parliament justly and according to y ^e laws of God recognised.

2 Item, that his majesty as supreme head of y ^e said churches, hath full power and authority to make and set such Laws, Injunctions, and ordinances, for and concerning Religion an • orders in the said churches for the increase of virtue and repressing of all errors, heresies, and other enormities and abuses.

3 Item, that all and every his graces subjects are bound by the laws of God to obey all his highness said laws, Injunctions, and proceedings concerning religion & orders in the said Churches.

4 Item, that you Stephen B. of Winchester have sworn obedience to his Majesty, as supreme head of this Church of England and also of Ireland.

5 Item, that all and every his graces subjects that disobey any of his said Majesty's laws, Injunctions, ordinances and proceedings already set forth & published, or hereafter to be set forth & published, ought worthily to be punished according to his graces Ecclesiastical laws, used within this his realm.

6 Item, that you y ^e said Bishop, as well in the kings majesties late visitation w ^t in your Diocese, as at sundry other times, have ben complained upon, & sundry informations made against you for your doings, sayings & preachings against sundry Injunctions, orders and other proceedings of his majesty set forth for reformation of errors, superstitions and other abuses in religion.

7 Item, that after and upon the occasion of those & other many complaints and informations, you have ben sundry times admonished, commanded and enjoined to conform yourself, as to your duty appertaineth.

8 Item, that after the premisses, and for that those former admonitions & commandments notwithstanding, you did yet still show yourself not conformable, & for that also by your example the people were much animated, & thereby occasion of much unquietness ministered, you were called before the kings majesties counsel in the month of June, the 2. year of his majesties reign, & by them on his highness behalf commanded to preach a Sermon before his majesty, and therein to declare the iustnes and godliness of his Majesty's father and his proceedings upon certain matters partly mentioned in certain articles to you delivered in writing, and partly otherwise declared unto you. The effect whereof, was touching the usurped authority of the B. of Rome, and that his pretensed authority was justly & godly taken away in this realm, & other the kings majesties dominions: Touching the first suppression and taking away of Monasteries, Religious houses, Pilgrimages, Relics, Shrines and Images, the superstitious going about of S. Nicholas bishop, S. Edmund, S. Katherin, S. Clement and such like, for taking away of Chātreis, Obites and Colleges, touching hallowing of Candels, water, ashes, palm, holy bread, beads, creeping to the cross and such like: touching the setting forth of the kings majesties authority in his young years to be as great, as if his highness were of many more years, touching auricular confession, touching the procession & common prayer in English, and that things done in general Councils against the word of God, may be justly revoked in particular Councils.

9 Item, that you receiving the same, and promising to declare them in a sermon by you made before his Majesty for that purpose, on the feast of S. Peter in the said second yere of his highness reign, did then and there contemptuously and disobediently omit to declare and set forth many of the said matters to the great contempt of his Majesty, and dangerous example of others.

10 Item, that you being also commanded, and on his majesties behalf, for the avoiding of tumult, & for other great considerations inhibited to treat of any matter in controversy concerning the Mass or the communion (then commonly called the Sacrament of the alter) did contrary to the said commandment & inhibition, declare diverse your judgments & opinions in the same, in manifest contempt of his Majesty's said inhibition, to the great offense of the hearers, and disturbance of the common quiet, and unity of the realm.

11 Item, that after the premisses, videlicet, in the months of May or June, or one of them, in the third year of his highness reign, his Maiestye sent eftsoons unto you, to know your conformity towards his said reformation, and specially touching the book of Common prayer then lately set forth by his majesty, whereunto you at the same time refused to show yourself conformable.

12 Item, that after that, videlicet the 9. day of July, in the fourth year of his Majesty's reign, his highness sent unto you his graces letters, with a certain submission and articles, whereunto his grace willed and commanded you to subscribe, to the which submission you contemptuously refused to subscribe.

13 Item, that you having eftsoons certain of the kings most honorable Council sent unto you the 12. of Iulye, in the said fourth year, with the same submission, and being in his maiestyes behalf required and commanded to consider again better the said submission and to subscribe the same, stood in justification of yourself, and would in no wise subscribe thereunto.

14 Item, that after all this, the 14. day of Iulye, in the said fourth year, the said kings Majesty sent yet again unto you certain of his majesties most honorable council with another submissiō and diverse other articles, willing and commanding you to subscribe your name thereunto, which to do you utterly refused.

15 Item, that after all this, videlicet the 19. of Iulye in the said fourth year, you being personally called before the whole counsel, and having the said submission and articles openly and distinctly read unto you, and required to subscribe the same, refused for unjust and fantastical considerations by you alleged, to subscribe the same.

16 Item, that for your sundry and manifold contemptes and disobediences in this behalf used, the fruits of your benefice were then by special commission of his Majesty justly and lawfully sequestered.

17 Item, that after this, you had intimation and peremptory monition, with communication that you should within 3. months next following the said intimation, reconcile and submit yourself upon pain of deprivation.

18 Item, that the said 3. months are now fully expired and run.

19 Item that you have not hitherto, according to the said intimation and monition submitted: reconciled, nor reformed yourself, but contemptuously yet still remain in your disobedience. Whereupon they required the B. of Winchester, then and there personally present to be sworn faithfully and truly to make answer.

After these articles were exhibited unto him, and he having leave to say for himself, wherein he used all the cautels, shifts and remedies of the law to his most advantage, by way of protesting, recusing and excepting against the commission, and requiring also the copies as well of the Articles, as of his protestation of the Actuaries (which wer W. Say and Tho. Argall) time and respite was assigned unto him to answer to the said Articles in writing. But he so caviled and dalied from day today, to answer directly, although he was sufficiently labored and persuaded to the same by sundry callings and Acts, and also abundantly convicted by depositions and witnesses, especially by matter induced by the L. Paget, and Andrew Beynton, & M. Chalenor, pag. 816. (all which I refer to my first book) that at the last he appealed from them, reputing them not to be competent and indifferent judges to hear and determine his cause, unto the kings royal person: notwithstanding by protestation always reserving to himself the benefit of his appellation: And so proceeded he to the answering of the foresaid articles, but in such crafty and obstinate manner, as before he had ben accustomed, and as at large to them that be desirous to understand the process thereof, in the first book of the Acts and monuments of the Church aforesaid may appear.

But briefly to conclude, such exceptions he used against the witnesses produced against him, and he himself produced such a number of witnesses in his defense, and used so many delays and cavillations, that in the end the commissioners seeing his stubbornness, proceeded to the sentence definitive against him, as here under followeth.

Sentence definitive against Stephen Gardener B. of Winchester.

IN the name of God, Amen. By authority of a commission by the high and mighty prince our moste gracious sovereign Lord Edward the 6. by the grace of God king of England, France, and Ireland, defendour of the faith, and of the Church of England and also of Ireland in earth the supreme head, the tenor whereof hereafter ensueth: Edward the sixth. &c. We Thomas by the sufferance of God Archbishop of Canterburye, primate of all England, and Metropolitan, with the right reverend fathers in God, Nicholas Bishop of London, Thomas Bishop of Eli, and Henry Bishop of Lincoln, Syr William Peter Knight, one of our said sovereign Lord's two principal secretaries, Sir James Hales knight, one of our said sovereign Lord's Justices of his common plees, Griffith Leison and John Oliuer, Doctors of the Civil law, Richard Goodrike & John Gosnold Esquiers, delegates, and Judges assigned & appointed, rightfully & lawfully proceeding according to the form & tenor of y ^e said commission, for the hearing, examinatiō, debating, & final determination of y ^e causes and matters in the said commisson mentioned and contained, and upon the contents of the same, and certain articles objected of office against you Steeuen Bishop of Winchester, as more plainly and fully is mentioned and declared in the said commission and articles, all which we repute & take here for to be expressed: & after sundry judicial assemblies, examinations, & debatings of the said cause & matters, with all incidents, emergents, & circumstances to the same or any of them belonging, and the same also being by us often heard, seen, and well understanded, and with good and mature examination and deliberation debated, considered and fully weighed and pondered, observing all such order and other things as by the laws, equity, and the said commission ought or needed herein to be observed, in the presence of you Steeuen Bishop of Winchester, do proceed to the giving of our final judgment and sentence diffinitiue in this manner following:

For as much as by the acts enacted, exhibites, and allegations purposed, deduced, & alleged, & by sufficient proofs with your own confession in the causes aforesaid had and made, we do evidently find and perceive that you Stephen Bishop of Winchester have not only transgressed the commandments mentioned in the same, but also have of long time, notwithstanding many admonitions and commandments given unto you to the contrary, remained, a person much grudging, speaking, and repugning against the godly reformations of abuses in religion set forth by the kings highness authority within this his realm: and forasmuch as we do also find you a notable, open, and contemptuous disobeyer, of sundry godly and just commandments given unto you by our said sovereign Lord and by his authority, in diverse great and weighty causes, touching and concerning his princely office, the state and common quietness of this his Realm: and for as much as you have and yet do contemptuously refuse to recognise your notorious negligences, & misbehauiours, contempts, and disobediēces, remaining still after a great number of several admonitions always more and more indurate, incorrigible, and without all hope of amendment, contrary both to your oth sworn, obedience, promise, and also your boūden duty of allegiance: and for the great slander and offense of the people, arise in many partes of the Realm, through your willful doings, sayings, and preachings, contrary to the common order of the Realm, and for sundry other great causes by the acts, exhibites, your own confession, and proofs of this process more fully appearing, considering withal that nothing effectually hath ben on your behalf alleged, purposed, and proved, ne by any other means appeareth, which doth or may empayre or take away the proofs made against you, upon the said matters and other the premisses:

Therefore we Thomas Archbyshop of Canterbury, Primate of all England and Metropolitan, Judge delegate aforesaid, calling God before our eyes, with express consent and assent of Nicholas B. of London, Tho. bishop of Eli, Henry B. of Lincoln, sir Will. Peter Knight, Sir James Hales Knight, Griffith Leison, and John. Oliuer, doctors of the civil law, Rich. Goodricke, and John Gosnold, Esquires, Judges, and Colleagues with us in the matters aforesaid, and with the counsel of diverse learned men in the laws, with whom we have conferred in and upon the premisses, do judge and determine you Steeuen Bishop of Winchester, to be deprived and removed from the Bishopric of Winchester, and from all the rightes, authority, emoluments, commodities, and other apurtenaunces to the said Byshoprike in any wise belonging, whatsoever they be, and by these presents we do deprive and remove you from your said Bishopric, and all rites & other commodities aforesaid: and further pronounce & declare the said Byshopricke of Winchester to all effects and purposes, to be void by this our sentence definitive, which we give, pronounce, and declare in these writings.

This sentence diffinitiue being given, the said Bishop of Winchester under his former protestations, dissented frō the giving and reading thereof, and frō the same as unjust of no efficacy or effect in law: and in that that the same containeth excessive punishment, and for other causes expressed in his appellation aforesaid, did then and there apud Acta, immediately after the pronouncing of the sētense, by word of mouth, appeal to the kings Royal majesty, first, secondly and thirdly, instantly, more instantly, most instantly, & asked apostles, or letters dimissorials to be given and granted unto him: And also under protestation not to recede from the said appellation, asked a copy of the said sētense, the Judges declaring that they would first know the kings pleasure and his counsel therein: upon the reading and giving of which sentence, the promoters willed Will. Say and Thomas A • gall to make a public Instrument and the witnesses then and there present to bear testimony thereunto. &c.

And thus have ye the whole discourse and process of Stephen Gardener late bishop of Winchester, unto whom the Papistical clergy doth so much lean, as to a mighty Atlas : an upholder of their ruinous Religion. And though I have not here withal so fully expressed all his letters, answers, preachings, examinations, defensions, exhibites & attestations, with the depositions of all such witnesses as he could and did produce for the most advantage of his own cause, with such notes also and collections gathered upon the same, as here I might, and as before I have don I must entreat y ^e reader to consider first y ^e greatness of this volume which would not well bear the tedious tractatiō thereof: and secondly to content himself in resorting to our first history, where not only he may peruse the whole discourse of this bishops doings set forth at large: but also may briefly read in a few summarye notes collected, the whole course of his doctrine and Judgment, touching what points of religion he did consent and agree, or not agree unto. pag. 862.

And thus an end of Winchester for a while, til we come to talk of his death hereafter. Whome as we number amongst good Lawyers, so is he to be reckoned amongst ignorant and gross Divines, proud Prelates and bloody persecutors: as both by his cruel life and Pharisaical doctrine may appear, especially in the article of the Sacrament, and of our justification and Images, and also in crying out of the Paraphrase, not considering in whose person the things be spoken, but what the Paraphrast uttereth in the person of Christ, or of the Evangelist, and not in his own, that he wrasteth unto the author, and maketh thereof heresy, and abomination.

The like impudency and quarrelling also he used against Bucer, Luther, Peter Martyr, Cranmer, & almost against all other true Interpreters of the Gospel. So blind was his judgment, or else so willful was his mind in the truth of Christ's doctrine, that it is hard to say whether in him unskillfulness or willfulness had greater predomination. But against this doct. Gardener we will now set and match on the contrary side, D. Redman, for so much as he departing this transitory life the same present year 1551. cometh now by course of history here to be mentioned. Who for his singular life and profounde knowledge, being inferior in no respect to the said Gardener, shall stand as great a friend in promoting the gospels cause, as the other seemeth an enemy by all manner of ways to empayre and deface the same. For the more assured declaratiō whereof, we will hereto adjoin (the Lord willing) the learned communication between the said Doct. Redman lying in his deathbed, and M. Wilkes, master Alexander Nowell, Doct. Yong, and other witnesses moe. Whereof the said M. Wilkes thus recordeth, speaking in his own person and his own words as followeth.

A note of the communication that I Richard Wilkes had with master Doctor Redman being sick at Westminster, but of good memory 2. Nouemb. 1551. in the presence of M. Yong & another, whō I did not know, and 2. of M. Doct. Redmans servants, the one called Elias, and the other unknown.

I The foresaid Richard Wilkes coming to Doct. Redman lying sick at Westminster, and first saluting him after my ordinary duty, wished him health both in soul & body, not doubting moreover, but he did practice the godly counsel in himself, which he was wont to give to other being in his case: and thanks be to God (said I) who had given him stuff of knowledge to comfort himself w ^t all. To whom he answering again, said in this wise: God of all comfort give me grace to have comfort in him, and to have my mind wholly fixed in him. M. Yong & I said, Amen. Thē I cōmoned w ^t him of his sickness, & the weakness of his body, and said y ^t though he were brought never so low, yet he, if it were his pleasure that raised up Lazarus, could restore him to health again. No, no saith he, that is past, and I desire it not but the will of God be fulfilled.

After this or a little other like communication, I asked if I might be so bold not troubling him, to know his mind for my learning in some matters and points of religion. He said, yea, and that he was as glad to common with me, in such matters, as with any man. And then I said to his servants: I trust I shall not trouble him. No said Ellis his servant, my L. of London, M. Nowel and other have communed with him, and he was glad of it. Then said M. Redman, no you shall not trouble me. I pray God ever give me grace to speak the truth, and his truth, and that which shall redound to his glory, and send us unity in his Church, and we said, Amen.

I said he should do much good in declaring his faith, and I would be glad to know his mind as touching the Sacrament of the body and blood of Christ.

He said, as man is made of two partes, of the body and the soul, so Christ would feed the whole man: but what (saith he) be the words of the text? Let us take the words of the Scripture: and he rehearsed the text himself thus: Accepit Jesus panem: Christ took bread. Wherein his will was to institute a Sacrament, Accipite, commedite: Take, eat. Here he told the use of it. What did he give them? Hoc est corpus meum, he calleth it his body.

Then I asked him of the presence of Christ.

He said, Christ was present with his sacrament, and in those that received it as they ought. And there was Mira vnitio, a wonderful union (for that word was named betwixt Christ and us) as S. Paul saith: Vos estis os ex ossibus eius, & caro ex carne eius. Ye be bone of his bones, and flesh of his flesh. The which union was ineffable.

Then I asked him what he thought of the opinion, that Christ was there corporally, naturally, and really.

He answered: if you mean by corporally, naturally, and really, that he is there present Vere, I grant.

Then I asked how he thought of that which was wont commonly to be spoken, that Christ was there flesh, blood & bone, as I have heard the Stewards in their Leets give charge when the 6. articles stood in effect, and charge the Inquest to inquire, that if there were any that would deny that Christ was present in the Sacrament of the alter in flesh, blood, and bone, they should apprehend them.

He said, that was too gross, and could not well be excused from the opinion of the Capernaites.

Thē I asked him: in as much as Christ was there Vere, howe do we receive him? in our minds and spiritual partes, or with our mouths and into our bodies, or both?

He said, we receive him in our minds & souls by faith.

Then in as much as he was much in this point, y ^t there was Mira vnitio, a marueylous union betwixt us & Christ, in that we were Caro ex carne eius, & os ex ossibus eius: Bone of his bone, and flesh of his flesh: I desired to know his opinion whether we received the very body of Christ with our mouths, and into our bodies or no.

Here he paused & held his peace a little space, and shortly after he spake, saying: I will not say so: I cannot tell: it is a hard question, but surely saith he, we receive Christ in our soul by faith. When you speak of it other ways, it soundeth grossly and savoreth of the Capernaites.

Then I asked him what he thought of y ^t which y ^e Priest was wont to lift up & show the people betwixt his hands?

He said it is the Sacrament. Then said I, they were wont to worship that which was lifted up. Yea saith he, but we must worship Christ in heaven: Christ is neither lifted up nor down. I am glad, said I, M. Doctor, to hear you say so much. I would not speak of the holy Sacrament otherwise then reverently, but I fear least that Sacrament, and the little white piece of bread so lifted up, hath robbed Christ of a great part of his honor.

Then said he, looking, up and praying, God grant us grace that we may have y ^e true understanding of his word, whereby we may come to the true use of his Sacraments, and said he would never allow the carrying about of the Sacrament, and other fond abuses about the same.

Then after a little while pausing, said I: Master Doctor, if I should not trouble you, I would pray you to know your mind in transubstantiation. Jesus M. Wilkes (quoth he) will you ask me that? Syr said I, not if I should trouble you. No, no, I will tell you saith he: Because I found the opinion of Transubstantiation received in the Church, when I heard it spoken against, I searched the ancient Doctors diligently, & went about to stablishe it by them, because it was received. And whē I had read many of them, I found little for it, & could not be satisfied. Thē I went to the School Doctors, and namely to Gabriel, and weighed his reasons. The which when I had done, and perceived they were no pithier, Languescebat opinio mea de transubstantiatione, my opinion of Transubstantiation waxed feeble, and then (saith he) I returned again to Tertullian and Irenaeus, and when I had observed their sayings, mine opinion that there should be transubstantiation, prorsus erat abolita: was quite dashed.

Then said I, you know that the School Doctors did hold that panis non remanebat post consecrationem, that bread remained not after consecration as they called it.

The school Doctors (saith he) did not know what consecratio doth mean: and here he paused a while. I pray you said I, what say you that consecratio doth mean? Sayth he, it is Tota actio, in ministering the Sacrament, as Christ did institute it. All the whole thing done in the ministry, as Christ ordained it, that is, consecratio, and what (saith he) need we to doubt that bread remaineth? Scripture calleth it bread, and certain good authors that be of the latter time, be of that opinion.

After that I had communed with M. Redman, and taken my leave of him, M. Yong came forth into the next chamber with me, to whom I said that I was glad to see M. Doct. Redman so well minded. Then said M. Yong to me, I am sure he will not deny it. I ensure you saith he, M. Doct. hath so moved me, that where as I was of that opinion before in certain things, that I would have burned and lost my life for them, now saith M. Yong, I doubt of them. But I see (saith he) a man shall know more & more by process of time, and reading and hearing of other, and M. Doct Redmans saying shall cause me to look more diligently for them.

Also Ellis M. Doctor Redmans servant shown me that he did know that his master had declared to Kyng Henry 8. his Majesty, that faith only justifieth: but that doctrine as he thought, was not to be taught the people, least they should be negligent to do good works.

The said master Yong hath reported (the which also I heard) that M. Doctor Redman should say, that consensus Ecclesiae, the consent of the Church was but a weak staff to lean to, but did exhort him to read the Scriptures, for there was that which should comfort him when he should be in such case as he was then.

*Another communication between Doctor Redman lying in his death bead, and Mayster Nowell then Schoolmaster in Westminster, and certain other, with notes of his censure & judgment touching certain points of Christ's Religion.

1 IN primis, the said D. Redman sent for M. Nowell of his own mind, and said he was willing to commune with him of such matters as he had moved y ^e said D. Redman of a day or two before: and he being desired of the said M. Nowell to declare his mind concerning certain points of our Religion, first said: ask me what ye will, and I will answer you (before God) truly as I think, without any affection to the world, or any worldly person.

Witnesses Alexander Nowell, Rich. Burton, Ellis Lomas, John Wright.

2 Item, the said D. Redman said, that the sea of Rome in these latter days is Sentina malorū, that is, a sink of all evil.

Witnesses John Yong, Alexander Nowell, Rich. Burton, John Wright, Edw. Cratford, Rich. Elithorne, Ellis Lomas.

3 Item, that Purgatory, as the schoolmen taught it and used it, was ungodly, and that there was no such kind of Purgatory as they fantasied.

Witnesses John Yong, Alexander Nowell, Rich. Burton, Ellis Lomas, Edw. Cratford, Rich. Elithorne, John Wright.

4 Item, that the offering up of the Sacrament in Masses and Trentals for the sins of the dead, is ungodly.

Witnesses John Yong, Alexander Nowell, Rich. Burton, Edward Cratford, Ellis Lomas.

5 Item, that the wicked are not partakers of the body of Christ, but receive the outward Sacrament only.

Witnesses John Yong, Alexander Nowell, Rich. Burton, Ellis Lomas, Edw. Cratford, Rich. Elithorne, John Wright.

6 Item, that the Sacrament ought not to be carried about in procession: for it is taught what is the use of it in these words: Accipite, manducate, & bibite, & hoc facite in mei memoriam: Take, eat, and drink, and do this in remembrance of me.

Witnesses John. Yong, Alexander Nowell, Rich. Burton, John Wright, Edward Cratford, Ellis Lomas.

7 Item, that nothing which is seen in the Sacrament, or perceived with any outward sense, is to be worshipped.

Witnesses John Yong, Alexander Nowell, Ellis Lomas, Richard Burton.

8 Item, that we receive not Christ's body Corporaliter, id est, crass: corporally, that is to say, grossly, like other meats, and like as Capernaites did understand it.

Witnesses John Yong, Alexander Nowell, Rich. Burton, Edw. Cratford, Ellis Lomas, John Wright.

9 Item, that we receive Christ's body sic spiritualiter vt tamen vere: so spiritually, that nevertheless truly.

Witnesses John Yong, Alexander Nowell, Rich. Burton, Edward Cratford, Ellis Lomas, John Wright.

10 Item, as touching transubstantiation, that there is not in any of the old doctors any good ground or sure proof thereof, or any mention of it, as far as ever he could perceive, neither that he seeth what can be answered to the objections made against it.

Witnesses John Yong, Rich. Burton, Ellis Lomas.

11 Item, being asked of Master Wilkes what that was which was lifted up between the priests hands, he answered: he thought that Christ could neither be lifted up nor down.

Witnesses John Yong, Rich. Burton, Ellis Lomas.

12 Item, that Priests may by the law of God marry wives.

Witnesses Alexander Nowell, Ellis Lomas.

13 That this proposition: Sola fides iustificat, so that fides signify Veram, viuam, & acquiescentem in Christo fidem, id est am • lexum Christi: that is to say, that only faith doth justify, so that faith do signify a true, a lively▪ and a faith resting in Christ and embracing Christ: is a true, godly, sweet, and comfortable doctrine, so that it be so taught that the people take none occasion of carnal liberty thereof.

Witnesses John. Yong, Alexander Nowell, Rich. Burton, John. Wright, Edward Cratford, Richard Elithorne, Ellis Lomas.

14 Item, that our works cannot deserve the kingdom of God, and life everlasting.

Witnesses John. Yong, Alexander Nowell, Rich. Burton, Ellis Lomas, Edward Cratford, Richard Elithorne, John Wright.

15 Item, that the said D. Redman, at such times as we the foresaid persons, which have subsc • ibed, heard his communication concerning the for • said pointes of Religion, was of quiet mind and of perfect remembrance, as far as we were able to judge.

Witnesses John. Yong, Alexander Nowell, Rich. Burton, Ellis Lomas, Edward Cratford▪ Richard Elithorne, John Wright.

Also M. Yong of himself doth declare further touching the former Articles in this wise.

To the v. Article.

IN primis, that D. Redman said more, where as S. Augustine said: Quod Judas idem accepit quod Petrus, that Judas received the same that Peter did, he said that he understood that of the Sacrament, and that after the same phrase a man might say: Quod Simon Magus idem Baptisma recepit quod Apostoli, that Simon Magus received the same Baptism that the Apostles did, when he did receive only the outward Sacrament to his condemnation: for he said that he thought Christ would not vouchsafe to give his holy flesh to an ungodly man. And this he said was always his mind, though he knew that other men did otherwise think.

To the vi. Article.

Item, he said, he never liked the carriage about of the Sacrament, and preached against it about 16. years since in Cambridge.

To the x Article.

Item, when he was demanded of transubstantiation, he said, that he had trauayled about it, and thinking that the doubts which he perceived did rise thereon should be made plain by the Schoolmen, did read their books, and after that he had read them, the opinion of Transubstantiation was every day Magis & magis languida, that is, weaker and weaker, and that there was no such Transubstantiation as they made, adding thereto, that the whole School did not know what was meant by consecration, which he said was the whole action of the holy Communion.

To the xiii. Article.

Item, he said that he did repent him that he had so much strived against justification by only faith.

To the xiv. Article.

Item, that works had their crown and reward, but that they did not deserve eternal life, and the kingdom of God, no not the works of grace: Nam donum dei vita aeterna. For everlasting life is the gift of God.

Although the • e testimonies above alleged may suffice for a declaration touching the honest life, sound doctrine, and sincere judgment of Doctor Redman: yet (velut ex abundanti) I thought not to cut off in this place, the testimonial letter or Epistle of D. Yong writ̄ to M. Cheke, specially concerning the premisses. Which Epistle of Doct. Yong, as I received it written by his own hand in the latin tongue, the copy which he himself hath not, nor can deny to be his own, & is extant to be read in the former book of Acts and Monumentes, so I have here exhibited the same faithfully translated into the English tongue the tenor whereof here followeth.

The letter of M. Yong written to M. Cheke concerning Doct. Redman, translated out of Latin into English.

ALthough right worshipful, I am stricken into no little damp and dolour of mind for the unripe (but that it otherwise pleased almighty God) & lamentable death of that most blessed & learned man doct. Redman, in so much that all astonied with weeping and lamenting, I cannot tell what to do or think (yet nevertheless: (perceiving it to be your worships will and pleasure, that so I should do) I gladly cal my wits together, and purpose by gods grace, here in these my letters, sincerely and truly to open and declare what I heard that worthy learned man speak and confess at the hour of his death as touching the controversies of religion, wherewith the spouse of Christ is in these our days most miserably troubled and tormented.

This Doct. Redman, being continually by the space of xx. years or somewhat more exercised in the reading of the holy scripture, wi • h such industry, • abor, modesty, magnanimiti • , and prayers to almigh • y God tried and weighed y ^e controversies of religiō, that in all his doings as he would not seem to approve that was either false or superstitious so he would never improve that he thought to stand with the true worship of God. And albeit in certain points and articles of his faith, he seemed to diverse which were altogether ignorant of that his singular gravity, either for so • tnes, • ear, or lack of stomach to change his mind and belief, yet they, to whom his former life and conversation by familiar acquaintance with him was throughlye known, with them also which were present at his departure, may easily perceive and understand, how in grave & weighty matters, not rashly and unadvisedly, but with constant judgment and unfeigned conscience he descended into that manner of belief which at that time of his going out of this world, he openly professed.

I give your wisdom to understand, that when death drew near, he casting away all hope of recovery, minded & talked of no other thing (as we which were present heard) but of heavē and heavenly matters, of the latter day of our Savior Jesus Christ, with whom most fervently he desired to be: whose incredible love towards us miserable sinners, most worthily and not without tears he often times used to extol and speak of: and us which wer there present, he earnestly moved and exhorted to prepare our selves to Christ, to love one another, and to beware of this most wretched & corrupt world. And besides that he promised (calling God to witness thereunto, to whom he trusted shortly to come) if any would demand any question that he would answer him what he thought in his judgment to be the truth. At what time there were present M. Alexander Nowell, a man earnestly bent to the true worshipping of God, and one that had always singularly well loved y ^e said M. Redman: to whom he spake on this wise:

Your excellent learning and purity of life I have ever both highly favored, and had in admiration: and for no other cause (God be my judge) I do ask these things of you which I shall propound, but that I might learn & know of you what is your opinion and belief touching those troblous controversies which are in these our days: and I shall receive and approve your words as oracles sent from heaven.

To whom when doct. Redman had given leave to demand what he would, and had promised that he would faithfully and sincerely answer (all affection set aside) what he thought to be the truth, M. Nowel said: I would (quoth he) right gladly, but that I fear by my talk and communication I shall be unto you, so feeble and now almost spent, a trouble and grief. Then said Doct. Redmā replying: what shall I spare my carcas (quoth he) which hath so short a time here to remain? Go to, go to (said he) propound what you will. Thē M. Nowell put forth certain questions in order, which I will here declare: whereunto the said doct. Redman severally answered, as hereafter followeth.

The first question that he asked of him was, what he thought of the bishop of Rome. Unto whō Doct. Redmā answered that the Sea of Rome in these our latter days had much swerved from the true religiō and worshipping of God & is with horrible vices stained & polluted: which I therefore (quoth he) pronounce to be the sink of all evil and shortly will come to utter ruin by scourge of God, except it do fall the sooner to repentance: wherewith he briefly complained of the filthy abuse of our English Church.

Being then asked what his opinion was concerning purgatory, and what the Schoolmen judged thereof, he answered, that the subtle reasons of the Schoolmen concerning purgatory, seemed to him to be no less vain, and frivolous, then disagreeing from the truth: adding thereunto: that when we be wrapped up to the clouds to meet Christ coming to judgment with a great number of Angels in all glory and majesty then everyone shall be purged with fire as it is written: The fire shall go before him, and shall flame round about his enemies, and the fire shall burn in his sight,