Church History of Britain

SECTION II.

1.HEavy were the times now and tumultuous betwixt the King and his Barons, mutually taking Cities and Castles one from another. The King therefore came to Cambridge (the pass out of the West into Norfolk and Suffolk ) resolving to fortify the same. Indeed we find some ancient Writings which may probably insinuate Cambridge to be walled time out of mind: As where we read in a Charter of Privileges granted to the Town, Extra muros Burgi de Cantabrig. Except some will be so morose to expound it only the walls of private houses therein. However, at the present such walls (if any) are utterly decayed.

2. The North-west part of Cambridge beyond the River (formerly farther extended than now of days) the King found sufficiently secured by an impregnable Castle. The West -side of the Town was competently fenced with the River, anciently (before all endeavors of draining the fens ) wider and deeper than now it is. Only the South and East of the Town lay open, which the King intended to fortify. In order whereunto he built two gates, Trumpington-gate by St. Peters Church, now ruined, on the South; Barnewellgate, by St. Andrew's Church, now decayed, on the East. And because gates without walls are but complements in matter of strength, he intended to wall the Town about, if time had permitted him. Mean while he drew a deep ditch (called Kings-ditch at this day) round about the South and East parts of Cambridge.

3. Presently news is brought to him, that Gilbert Earl of Clare had seised on the chief City of the Realm. No policy for the King to keep Cambridge and lose London the while. Thither marched he in all haste with his Army, and may be said to carry the walls of Cambridge away with him, the design thereof sinking at his departure. Immediately after the King was gone away, one Hastings, a bold Rebel, finding, by like, the new ditch ill manned, forced his passage over it, burned part, spoiled all the rest of the town of Cambridge Nor have I ought else to observe of this Kings-ditch, save that in our fathers days filled up with filth and mire, what was made for the fortifying, became a great annoying of the University: Until some 50 years since, partly at the cost of Dr. James Montague (Master of Sidney's College, afterwards Bishop of Winchester ) a rivolet was let into the same; so not only clearing it, but turning the annoyance into a great conveniency of water to some Colleges, and to the Town in general.

4. Humphrey Necton about this time left Cambridge, the first Carmelite who took on him the degree of Doctorship, as Leland himself attesteth.

5. True it is, these Carmelites at their first coming hither, scrupled the acceptance of any Academical degree, as having a secular smack therein, part of the Pomp and Vanity of the world, and therefore inconsistent with the holiness and humility of men of their mortified profession. Besides, this Order particularly pretends to wear on their shoulders a scapulary (being a narrow piece of cloth hanging down before and behind) the first of which fashion the Virgin Mary personally presented to one of their Society with this complement, Receive this, my Beloved, which I give unto thy Order in sign of my Fellowship: And hence it is that Carmelites call themselves Brethren of the Order of the blessed Virgin Mary of Mount-Carmel. Except therefore a Carmelite could actually commence an Angel, he is a loser by his Degree, which in effect is but a degradation unto him. Besides, to wear an hood or habit of a Doctorate over the holy scapulary aforesaid, what were it else, but preposterously to place Earth above Heaven? These considerations (weighty no doubt) made the Carmelites for sometime demur to the making of any degree in Divinity.

6. However Humphrey Necton first took heart, and ten years ago ( viz. 1259) commenced Doctor under William de Ludham then Chancellor of Cambridge. Here he flourished many year (and now went to Norwich, where he died, Anno 1303, having been forty four years Doctor) especially after King Edward erected and endowed a Covent for Carmelites in Mill-street in this University, since turned into Queens-College and Katherine-Hall.

7. The Antiquary of Oxford discovereth envy, or ignorance, or both; when speaking of Lelands verses on Nectons commencing saith, Quod ego certe de sua sectâ non intelligo, quasi primus sua sectae Carm • liticae gradum illum suscepisset, sed quasi simpliciter & absolute primus, As if he had not been the first commencer of his Order, but absolutely the first that ever took the degree of Doctorship in Cambridge. Contrary to the express testimony of learned Authors herein.

8. Now although Patience be a principal virtue amongst all those which Cambridge professeth and practiseth, yet can she not but complain of Oxford Antiquary his injurious dealing herein, in making her solemnity of Graduation then first to begin. The best is, Petrus Blesensis, who wrote in the reign of King Henry the second, almost one hundred years before Necton 's birth) sufficiently cleareth this point and confuteth this cavil, when affirming that in his time Cambridge did make glad the Church of God and all England, per plurimos Magistros Doctoresque inde exeuntes.

9. Notwithstanding the frequency of dysasters formerly mentioned, Cambridge quickly outgrow her miseries, much indebted therein to the care and courtesy of the King. Amongst many of his Royal-boons, this not the least, that in favor of the Scholars he now renewed his former Letters, to prohibit any Tiltings or Turnaments to be kept within five miles of Cambridge, according to the tenor following:

10. The same year Prince Edward came to Cambridge; one no less fortunate in peace than victorious in war. Here he understood that frequent differences did arise betwixt the Scholars and Townsmen: for the future preventing whereof he caused an Instrument to be drawn up and three seals annexed unto it, viz. his own, and the public seals of the University and Town of Cambridge. Herein it was agreed betwixt them, that once every year ( viz. after Michaelmas, when the Masters resumed their Lectures ) five discrect Scholars should be chosen out of the Counties of England, three Scottish-men, two Welshmen, three Irish-men, thirteen in all; which joined with ten Burgesses (seven out of the Town, and three out of the Suburbs ) should see that the peace was faithfully kept betwixt all the Students and Inhabitants. By Suburbs here we understand so much of the Town as was left out of the line of the Kings-ditch, which, to make it the shorter and stronger, took not in the straggling streets beyond the gates.

11. For as yet, and for some succeeding ages, no University in Ireland. And although some forty years after, viz. anno 1320. Alexander Bicknor, Archbishop of Dublin, obtained of the Pope privileges for an University, and erected Lectures at Dublin; yet presently the troublesome times frustrated so good a design, till towards the end of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth. As for Scotland, it was University-less till Laurence Lundor is and Richard Crovel, Doctors of Civil-Law, first professed learning at St. Andrew's, some hundred years after: Til which time the Scottish youth repaired to Cambridge and Oxford for their education, as their Bishops did to York for consecration, till they got an Archbishop of their own, in the reign of King Edward the fourth.

12. See now Cambridge an University indeed, by the

• universality
  • 1. Studiorum, not confined (as in Grammar-Schools) to one faculty, but extended to the generality of Arts.
  • 2. Studentium, not restrained to one Country or Kingdom, but admitting forainers as well as natives.

13. Now began some differences between the Scholars in the University and the Arch-Deacon of Eli, who summoned them unto his Courts, and by virtue of his Office would have proceeded against them for non-appearance. The Scholars denied any subjection due unto him; and after an hot contest, both sides referred themselves to Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Eli, who decided the controversy as followeth:

14. Now seeing this is the most ancient Composition in this kind we meet with, it will not be amiss to dwell a while thereon with our observations; the rather because it mentioneth Cambridge not as an University modernly modelled, but of an ancient constitution.

First, We find in the Preface of this Instrument the word University (within the compass of three lines) used in two senses, 1. For the generality of Mankind, to whose notice this Deed may attain: 2. For Scholars from all Countries, studying the latitude of learning, in one grand Society, in which acception (as formerly we have observed out of a great Antiquary) it began first to be used in the reign of King Henry the third. Now Bishop Balsham termeth Cambridge nostram, our University, First, because probably therein he had his education: Secondly, because it was scited in (as surrounded with) his Jurisdiction: Thirdly, because lately, in the founding of Peter-house, it had largely tasted of his benefaction.

Secondly, Behold here the complete body of an University with the Chancellor (at this present Robert de Fulburne ) the Head, the Regents and Scholars the Heart, the officers the Hands and Feet thereof. Of the latter this composition expresseth by name, 1. Bedels, and those two in number, with the Virges or Wandes, since, in many years, grown up to be Staves, and these two doubled into four at this day. Some conceive Bedellus so called quasi Pedellus, à pedo, signifying that ceremonious Staff which they manage in their hands; whilst others with more probability derive it from Beads ( Prayers in old English) it being a principal part of his office to give public notice of all conventions for Academical devotion. 2. Scriptores, writers, well known to all. 3. Illuminatores, such as gave light and luster to Manuscripts (whence our english to limne ) by colouring and gilding the initial and capital letters therein, essential ornaments in that age, men then being more pleased with babies in books than children are. 4. Stationarii, publicly avouching the sale of Staple-Books in standing shops (whence they have their names) as opposite to such circumforanean Pedlers (ancestors to our modern Mercuries and Hawkers) which secretly vend prohibited Pamphlets. All other officers are included in this Deed under the generical name of Mancipia, whence our word Manciple (confined since by custom to signify the provider of victuals for several Colleges) takes its denomination.

15. But what should be the sense of Glomerelli and Magister Glomeriae (so often occurring in this instrument) we must confess ourselves Seekers therein, as not satisfied with what learned Gaius conjectureth therein. For he maketh him senior Regent to collect and count the suffrages in all Congregations. As if so called à glomerando, from going round about the Regent-house to that purpose: or from gathering their votes commonly written, and (to take up less room, and to be the better taken up) glomerated, i. e. rolled and roundled up in a piece of paper. But elsewhere the same Author tells us, that our University-Orator, at this day, succeeds to the ancient office of Magister Glomerdae, whose place it is to entertain Princes and Peers coming thither, and to pen public Letters on all occasions of importance. Whatever he was, it appears by this composition, that he kept Courts, and had cognizance of causes of Scholars under his jurisdiction. But seeing so great an Antiquary as Sir Henry Spelman concludes all herein with a quaere (his doubts having more learning than other men's determinations) let it suffice us to know, that the original of this word seems barbarous, his office narrow and topical (confined to Cambridge ) and his certain use at this day antiquated and forgotten.

16. Now whereas this Bishop, towards the close of this composition thundereth forth his Excommunication against the Chancellor and whole University, if presuming to infringe the same in prejudice of his Jurisdiction; some will conceive his presumption (or profaneness rather) herein, incurred, ipso facto, that heavy censure which he denounceth on others: Considering the former Privileges indulged some hundreds of years since, by several Popes to this University.

How durst the Bishop of Eli, notwithstanding the promises, interpose his power in University matters? Is it not ridiculous for the man to pretend bounty in bestowing a remnant on him, to whom his Master formerly had given the whole piece? What bounty was it in this Bishop to exempt Cambridge partly from Archidiaconal, which Popes so long before had privileged from Episcopal Jurisdiction?

17. These considerations have prevailed so far on the judgment of some (especially Oxford ) men, that they condemn the credit of those ancient Papal privileges indulged to Cambridge as false and forged. They conceive their censure herein advantaged by a discovery one hath made of a flaw in the Bull of Honorius, bearing date two years before Honorius was Pope, whose Papacie, according to common computation, began not until the year 626.

18. For mine own part, I see no necessity to cast away those Papal Bulls as false and spurious, but rather conceive, that the originals of them were long since abolished at the destruction of Cambridge by the Danes, when all things were almost brought to a general desolation. And, although some copies and transcripts of them were reserved; yet, because such carried not authenticalness with them, the Bishops of Eli, in after ages, used (not to say, usurped) jurisdiction over Cambridge, whilst the University therein was as yet weak and poor, as scarcely recovered out of the late ruins thereof. Nor am I moved at the pretended detection of a false date in the Bull of Honorius, finding him at the same time sitting in the Papal Chair, by the testimony of Authors of • ndeniable credit.

19. It is now high time that we give in a list of such Hostles in Cambridge, wherein Students lived, under the Rule of a Principal, on their own proper charges before any Colleges were endowed in the University.

• 1. St. Augustine's-Hostle, now Kings-College-Pensionarie, at the East end of the Chapel, next to the Provosts lodging.
• 2. Bernard's-Hostle, situate where now the Masters garden of Bennet-College, but belonging to Queens, as purchased by Andrew Ducket (the first Principal) and bestowed thereon.
• 3. Boltons-place, now part of Pembroke-Hall.
• 4. Bordens-Hostle, near the back-gate of the Rose-Tavern, opening against Gaius College; anciently it belonged to St. Johns Hostle, and afterwards to Clare-Hall.
• 5. St. Buttolphs-Hostle, betwixt the Church and Pembroke-Hall (where Wenham a Cook dwelt in my time, and) where some Collegiate character is retained in the building.
• 6. Clements-Hostle, on the south of St. Clements-Church.
• 7. Cousins-Place, included in Pembroke-Hall.
• 8. St. Crosses-Hostle, in the street called School-lane, anciently a Tenement of St. Johns Hospital.
• 9. Edmond's-Hostle, nomen patet, locus latet.
• 10. St. Edwards-Hostle, against little St. Mary's, where lately a victualling-house, called the Chopping-Knife.
• 11. Eli-Covent, near Bordens-Hostle, for Eli Monks to study in.
• 12. Gerards-Hostle, betwixt Trinity-Hall and College, where a bridge lately (if not still) bearing the name thereof.
• 13. God's-House, taken down by King Henry the sixth, but not in that sacrilegious sense wherein the Psalmist complains, They have taken the Houses of God into their possession: For when he took this into Kings-College, in lieu thereof he founded another—
• 14.— God's-House, new parcel of Christ's-College.
• 15. St. Gregory's-Hostle, where now Trinity-College Dove-coat.
• 16. H • rlestones-Hostle, in Marlestones-lane, on the east of St. Clements-Church. William Grey, Bishop of Eli 1466, allowed them leave to officiate Divine Service in their Oratori • near the high bridge.
• 17. St. Hughs-Hostle. This my worthy friend Mr. More, late Fellow of Gaius-College, first discried out of an ancient Manuscript (once belonging to Eli ) attesting that Mr. of St. Hughs-Hostle, was admitted to plead in the Bishops Courts. Thus hath he recovered the denomination, let others discover the situation thereof.
• 18. Jesus-Hostle, or de P • nitentia Jesu, and —
• 19.— St. Johns-Hospital; for • it is pity to part them which stood close together (as John usually lay in Jesus his bosom) consisting of Seculars, and now both compounded into Peter-house.
• 20. St. Johns-Hostle of Regulars, now translated into St. Johns-College.
• 21. St. Katherines-Hospital; now the south part of Trinity-College.
• 22. Knaptons-Place, absorpt at this day in Pembroke-Hall.
• 23. St. Margaret's-Hostle, being the east side of Trinity-College.
• 24. St. Mary's-Hostle, on the north-west of that Church, where only a brick-wall keep • possession of the memory thereof. It belongeth to Bennet, Matthew Parker being first admitted here, before transplanted into that College.
• 25. St. Nicholas-Hostle, over against Christ-College, where now a private house with the publiqu • name of the Brazen-George. The Scholars hereof, as eminent for hard studying, so infamous for their brawlings by night.
• 26. Ovings-Inn, the buildings under which the kennel betwixt Gaius and Trinity-College emptieth itself.
• 27. St. Paul's-Inn, now the Rose-Tavern.
• 28. Phiswicks-Hostle, bequeathed by William Phiswick, Esquire-Beadle, to Gonvil-Hall, since taken into Trinity-College.
• 29. Pythagoras his House, beyond the bridge. Either so called, because his Philosophy was studied there, or because formerly the form or building thereof resembled a Y, his beloved letter. Otherwise many men will be made as soon to believe Pythagoras his transmigration of souls, as the transportation of his body hither, that he ever lived in Britannie. It now belongeth to Merton-College in Oxford.
• 30. Ruds-Hostle, over against Immanuel-College, where now the Castle-Inn.
• 31. St. Thomas-Hostle, where now the orchard of the Master of Pembroke-Hall, and where the neighboring Leas retain their name: formerly the Campus Martius of the Scholars here exercising themselves, sometimes too violently; lately disused, either because young Scholars now have less valor, or more civility.
• 32. Trinity-Hostle, on the south side of that Church, the habitation lately of Dr. Angier, now of D. Eade. Some Chapel-conformity is still extant in an east window thereof: and the ancient Arms of the Earl of Oxford in an outward room, invites me to believe that family the founder thereof.
• 33. Tyled-Hostle, on the west of Gaius and east of Trinity-College.
• 34. University-Hostle, which in the year 1350 was, for some considerations, passed by the Vice-Chancellor and Regent-house, to Pembroke-Hall. This anciently was the house of Sir Roger Haidon Knight; and long before, one Fabian, the Chaplain, dwelt therein.

Of these Hostles we see some denominated from the Saint to whom they were dedicated, as St. Margaret's, St. Nicholas, &c. Some from the vicinage of the Church to which they were adjoined, as St. Mary's, St. Botolphs, &c. Some from the materials with which they were covered, as Tyled Hostle. Some from those who formerly bought, built, or possessed them, as Bordens, Ruds, Phiswicks, &c. Some were reserved only for Civil and Canon Lawyers, as St. Paul's, Ovings, Trinity, St. Nichola • , Bordens, St. Edwards, and Ruds; and all the rest employed for Artists and Divines. Some of them were but members and appendants to other Hostles (and afterwards to Colleges) as Bordens to St. Johns-Hostle, then to Clare-Hall: St. Bernard's to Queens. The rest were absolute Corporations, entire within themselves, without any subordination.

20. Know also that Inns (whereof only two, Ovings and St. Paul's ) differed only gradually from Hostles, as being less. For Johns Ovings, Clerk, bought the ground whereon this Inn, from his named, was seated, of the first Prioress of St. Radigunds, for two shillings, which at twelve years purchase was but two pence a year. It seems, being a waste, it was little worth, or else the Prioress charitably afforded him the better pennyworth, in consideration that he would improve the place to a public good.

21. But here the Oxford -Antiquary insulteth on the paucity of ancient Hostles in Cambridge (which all our industry cannot advance to forty) much boasting of the numerousness of the Halls in Oxford, which he mounteth to above two hundred, assigning their several names and situations, besides Entries, Chambers, and other less places for Students to live in.

22. I envy not my Aunts fruitfulness (though every hundred had been a thousand) but conceive such Halls must needs be mean and small structures, if we consult the content, and extent of Oxford, not exceeding Cambridge in greatness of ground, and the latter every whit as 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or well compacted together. Either then such Halls (like flowers that grow double) must one crowd into another, or else they must be inconsiderably small, like those three hundred sixty five children which Margaret Countess of Henneberg brought forth at a birth in Holland, (one skull whereof I have seen, no bigger than a head or a beane) or else it is utterly impossible such a compass of ground should contain them. Besides, If all the body be the eye, where then is the hearing? These two hundred Halls for Scholars, will take up so much ground, none will be left for the Townsmen. This makes me conceive that Aula (whence our Hall ) did import but one fair room, or else was a Townsmans house, (like Moody-Hall in Cambridge ) where Scholars dieted together. This I dare aver, that what the Halls in Cambridge wanted of Oxford in number, they had in greatness, so that what was lost in discrete, was found in continued quantity. For we read how in the Hostles of St. Mary's, Bernard, Thomas, Augustine, there were twelve, twenty, and sometimes thirty Regents, besides non -Regents above them, and young Students beneath them. As for the Hostles designed for Lawyers, almost every of them had fourscore or an hundred Students. So that what Homer saith of a Physician, that he is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , eminently worth many others: one of Cambridge-Hostles might be equivalent, in number of Students, to many of those Oxford-Halls; and the difference not so great in Scholars, as the dispropotion betwixt thirty of the one and two hundred of the other doth seem to import.

23. In these Hostles Scholars were more conveniently accommodated than in Townsmens houses (wherein anciently they lived) both because here they were united under one head; and because they were either rent-free, or paid it by agreement to a Chief of their own Society. But as stars lose their light when the Sun ariseth: so all these Hostles decayed by degrees, when endowed Colleges began to appear in Cambridge: and I behold Trinity-Hostle (wherein Students continued till the year 1540) as the longest liver, surviving all the rest.

24. But, whilst they were in use, many worthy Scholars were bred therein, and pity it is, the Catalogue of their names is lost. For when I find an English Bishop, or learned Writer, brought up in Cambridge, but not reducible, with probability, to any College now in being, presently I conclude he had his education in one of the aforesaid Hostles. I will instance only in those which flourished in the reign of King Henry the eighth.

All these undoubtedly were (and are allowed, by Bishop Godwin, to be) Cambridge-men, yet no modern College-Register can reach them, as to lay just claim to their breeding. Whence we inter them to be no Collegiates but Hostelers, not in that sense which the spiteful Papists charged Dr. Cranmer to be one ( an attendant on a stable ) but such as lived in a learned Inn or Hostle not endowed with revenues.

25. Pass we now from these Hostles, to those Religious Houses which anciently flourished in Cambridge: Where first we meet with

• The
• Dominicans, or Preaching-Friers (though neither finding their Founder, nor valuation at their suppression) whose House is now turned into Immanuel-College.
• Franciscans follow, called also Minors, or Gray-Friers; their House being now converted into Sidney-College. It was founded by King Edward the first, where they had a fair Church, which I may call the St. Mary's, before St. Mary's, the Commencement, Acts, and Exercises being kept therein. The Area of this Church is easily visible in Sidney-College garden, where the depression and subsidency of their Bowling-green east and west, present the dimensions thereof, and I have oft found dead-men's bones thereabouts. When this Church fell, or was taken down, I know not; and should be thankful to such which should to me expound those passages in Mr. Aschams epistle to Thomas Thurleby, Bishop of Westminster; the date of the year not being expressed. It is to entreat him to stand the Universities friend, in compassing for them this House of Franciscans, wherein hitherto their great endeavors had small success, adding moreover,
• Franciscanórum aedes non modo decus atque ornamentum Academiae, sed opportunitates magnas ad Comitia, & omnia Academiae negotia conficienda habent.
• What accommodations this House could then afford the University at Commencement, I understand not. Sure I am King Henry the eighth bestowed it on Trinity-College, of whom the Executors of the Lady Frances Sidney did afterward purchase it.
• Augustine-Friers, on the south-side of Pease-Market, lately the dwelling of Mr. Pierce, and now of Mr. Thomas Back, Esquire-Beadle. Their Founder and value unknown.
• Carmelites, built by Edward the first, to which Sir Guy de Mortimer, and Thomas de Hertford, were great Benefactors. Their House crossed athwart the street now leading to Kings-College, as occupying the ground whereon Katherine-Hall and Queens do stand at this day.
• White-Canons, almost over against Peter-house, where now a brick wall (the back-side is called White-Canons at this day) and an Inn with the sign of the Moon.

26. These Friers living in these Covents were capable of Degrees, and kept their Acts, as other University men. Yet were they Gremialls and not Gremialls, who sometimes would so stand on the tiptoes of their privileges, that they endeavored to be higher than other Students: so that oftentimes they and the scholars could not set their horses in one stable, or rather their books on one shelf. However generally the Chancellors ordered them into tolerable obedience, as will appear hereafter.

27. Last of all, it will be enough for the present, to give in a list of such learned Writers, which were bred in Cambridge, in these several Orders, as we have collected them out of Bale, Pitz, and other Authors.

Augustinians.
• Gulielmus Wels 1421
• Joannes Buriensis 1460
• Galfride Glandfield 1340
• Joannes Godwick 1360
• John Langham—
• John Sloley 1477
• John Tonney 1490
• Ralph Marcham 1380
• Richard Chester 1354
• Roger Clacton 1340

Dominicans.
• William Encurt 1340
• William King sham 1262
• John Boltesham 1388
• John Bromiard 1390
• John Stock 1374
• Simon Barnstone 1337
• Tho. Langford. 1320

Franciscans.
• Will. Folvil 1384
• John Wichingham 1362
• Reginald Langham 1410
• Vin. Coventriensis 1251
• Stephen Baron. 1520

Carmelites.
• Alan. de Lin 1420
• Dionys Holcan 1424
• Walter Diss 1404
• Walter Heston 1350
• Will. Beccle 1438
• Will. Bintree 1493
• Will. Blacvey 1490
• Will. Califord—
• Will. Cokisford 1380
• Will. de Sancta Fide 1372
• Will. Green 1470
• Will. Harsick 1413
• Will. Lincoln 1360
• Will. Sarslet 1466
• Will. Parcher 1470
• Hugh of St. Neots 1340
• Joh. Bampto 1341
• Jo. Baret 1556
• Jo. Beston 1428
• Jo. Clipston 1378
• Jo. Elin 1379
• Jo. Falsham 1348
• Jo. Hornby 1374
• Jo. Pascal 1361
• Jo. Repingal 1350
• Jo. Swaffam 1394
• Jo. Thorpe 1440
• Jo. Tilney 1430
• Jo. Wamsleet 1418
• Mart. Sculthorp 1430
• Nic. Cantilupe 1441
• Nic. Kenton 1468
• Nic. Swaffam 1449
• Pet. de Sancta Fide 145 •
• Ralph Spalding 1390
• Rob. Ivorie 1392
• Tho. Hilley 1290
• Tho. Maldon 1404

These were bred in the aforesaid Houses in Cambridge, belonging to their Orders, until graduated in Divinity, and were afterwards dispersed into their respective Covents, all over England.

27. The Reader doth remember how above twenty years since, (viz. anno 1257) Hugh Balsham Subprior of Eli founded a College without Trumpington-gate, consisting of two Hostles he had purchased and united. The same Hugh, now Bishop of Eli, removed the Secular Brethren from S ^t Johns-Hospital in the Jewry (where they and the Regulars agreed not very well) to this his new foundation. At which time he endowed the same with maintenance for one Master, fourteen Fellowes, two Bible-clerks, and eight poor Scholars, whose number might be increased or diminished, according to the improvement or abatement of their revenues. He appointed his successors the Bishops of Eli to be honorary Patrones, yea nursing Fathers to this his infant College, who have well discharged their trust therein.

28. We know what the Historian saith, Omnia ferme principia sunt parva, Almost all beginnings are small, as here indeed they were. Alas, Balsham for a long time, was little able to endow a College, as scarce sufficient to subsist of himself, whilst his election to Eli, (made without the Kings consent) was not yet confirmed. But no sooner had he any certainty for himself, but his College had a share thereof, for he gave them all the rights and Tithes belonging to S ^t Peters Church adjoining, and by his Will bequeathed them three hundred Markes wherewith was bought and built a fair Hal, and Court, since much beautified and enlarged.

The Reader will pardon the shortness of this out catalogue of Masters (not touching the top of the foundation by fifty years) which looks like the blunt Tower of a Steeple, whose spire or shaft hath been burnt down with lightning or broken with thunder, as indeed some such casualty hath caused this imperfection. For, in the year 1420, a sad fire consumed the muniments of this College, which caused Gaius to begin his list of Masters but at Thomas de castro Bernardi; and the six Seniors before him are recovered by the care of Mr. R. Parker, out of Eli -Records. Yet this catalogue still remaineth incomplete (O that it were as easy to rectify as reprove faults!) guilty I am afraid, not only of transposition in the order, but omission in the number thereof. For I have read, that John Botsham was admitted Master 14—yet he appears not in Gaius, or any other printed Author.

29. Amongst the Benefactors many who only gave plate, small sums, and books, are for Brevity sake omitted, and not any slighting of their bounty for the smallness thereof. For if our Savior beheld the Widow as the best benefactor to the Corban (who endowed it only with two mites ) and if a cup of cold water, (warm comfort to a thirsty Soul ) shall receive its reward, surely such as give the cup also, deserve their due commendation, and shall have a requiral thereof. I have ordered some blank lines at the end of that Catalogue, as a reserve to register the bounty of posterity, which shall not complain that they are paper bound in my book, where room on purpose is left to enter their names, who shall be charitably disposed. I hope also that those void intervals and spaces in the List of Learned Writers, (which as so many open mouths invoke the industry of the Reader) will have their emptiness filled by several men's observations, whose pens may at their leisure supply, what the Press hath left imperfect.

30. Know also I could have more particularly specified the value and place of Founders and Benefactors bounty (what land they gave, how much worth, where lying) but thought better to forbear, as ignorant in these dangerous days, what ill use might be made of my well intended endeavors.

31. Condemn not our Tautology if the same Bishop often recur in several Colleges, perchance Scholar of one, Fellow of another, Master of a third, because rather than I would wrong any House with the omission, I would right them all with the repetition of the same person. Such Bishops as passed through many Seas successively, are for shortness entitled only from the last and highest dignity.

32. To return to Peter-house; I cannot but commend one peculiar practice of this College, which in their Parlour preserveth the Pictures of all their principal Benefactors. For although the bounty of the Judicious is grounded on more solid motives, than to be flattered thereinto by the fancy that their Effigies shall be kept, yet such an ingenuous Memoriall may be an encouragement to a Patrons Liberality. Besides, under such Pictures a Distich commonly is written, and I will instance in one of the latest date.

At this day the College maintaineth one Master, nineteen Fellowes, twenty nine Bible-clerks, eight poor Scholars, besides other officers and Students amounting lately (viz. anno 1634) to an hundred and six.

33. We Cambridge men behold this College as the first foundation endowed in England, which our corrivals at Oxford will not allow. For I find it inscribed in Rotchester Church, on the monument of Walter de Merton; that the College by him founded and named, is the example of all in that kind. M ^r Gamden in his description of Oxford affirmeth, that Ballol and Merton Colleges therein, are the two first endowed for Students in Christendom. And some allege that Merton College must needs be the Mother, and Peter house but the Daughter, because Sp • on de Montague Bishop of Eli, did prescribe the Statutes of Merton to be observed by the Students of Peterhouse.

34. All this scarce moveth, nothing removeth us from our former Opinion, being almost as confident of the Seniority of Peter-house before all other Colleges, as Romanists are of the Priority of St. Peter before the rest of the Apostles. And first, as for the inscription in Rotchester, both it and Mertons Monument are modern, as set up by S ^t Henery Savil, anno 1598. That passage of the great Antiquary is only extant in the English translation, not Latin Britannia, and so may justly seem to have more of Philemon Holland, than William Ca • den therein. It is confessed that Simon Montague, (the 17 Bishop of Eli ) more then sixty years after Balsha • s death, enjoined our Petreans the observation of Merton College Statutes, (finding them more convenient than such which their Founder had left them.) But this makes nothing to the matter of most antiquity, the point in controversy. In requital of this eurresie, if Cambridge hath ought, the imitation whereof, may be acceptable to Oxford, she is right glad for the welcome occasion, as lately Oxford in choice of her Procters hath conformed herself to Cambridge custom by way of a Circular Combination of Colleges, as a Course most quiet, and freest from faction.

35. The Crisis of the Controversy depends, (if I mistake not) on the clearing of the different dates of Peter-house its foundation, and comparing it with others.

The unpartial result is this, Peter house was founded before any, but endowed (by the same founder) after two Colleges in Oxford. Yet because in such doubtful Casts, it is good reason Cambridge should measure to her own most advantage; we may safely say that Peter-house is the first College endowed, though not the first endowed College in England, and by consequence in Christendime.

36. The Students of Peter-house performed their Divine service, since their first foundation, in three several places; namely,

• In
  • 1. St. Peters Church adjoining, which fell down to the ground, about the year 1350.
  • 2. The Church of Beata Maria de Gratia (commonly called little St. Mary's ) whence the College also is so called and written for some hundreds of years, hardly recovering its own name.
  • 3. A beautiful new Chapel consecrated March the 17. anno 1632.

A thousand pounds were spent in the building thereof, and the Contributers names affixed in a Catalogue therein.

Hitherto we have had but a disultory and incertain succession of Chancellors, but henceforward we may presume on more assurance herein.

Andrew de Gisleham, Chancellor. A benefactor to the University.

Thomas Shermingham, Chancellor. He defended the rights of the University against the Prior of Barnwell.

Stephanns de Hepworth, Chancellor.

Ralph de Lecester, Chancellor. No good blood betwixt him and the University about the distinction of seats.

Galfridus de Pakenham, Chancellor. He first paved the Town, towards the doing whereof, King Edward granted him to take the toll of Cambridge for six years.

The Church of St. Mary's was this year much defaced with fire. At what time the Jews, (whom I will not accuse as the causers thereof) were forced to forsake the Town, where they had a great Synagogue.

Henry de Boyton, Chancellor. He stoutly defended the right of the University, for thirty acres of ground and four Messuages in Cambridge, which Roger de Beddingfield gave forever to the Master and Scholars, to defend their State and privileges.

The King came this year to Cambridge, and lodged two days in the Castle.

It was ordered that the Chancellor should not imprison or banish any Regent without the consent of the Regent house, nor should he omit the same if they so appointed it.

A contest betwixt the Chancellor and the other Doctors, is compounded before the Officiall of the Bishop of Eli.

• John de Bradenham, Chancellor.
• Thomas de Sheringham, Chancellor.
• Stephen de Hebworth, Chancellor.
• Stephen de Haselfield, Chancellor.

The King granted, by his Charter, that Scholars might summon Towns men to appear before the Chancellor, in any personal actions.

A braul began betwixt the University men on the one side, the Dominicans and Franciscans on the other. This increased from words to violence; and Stephen the Chancellor, as a valiant Champion, thundered his excommunications both general and special (whereby his Episcopal power plainly appeareth) against the Friers; yea two of the most active of them, Nicholas de Dale, and Adam de Hoddon, seem to be expelled the University. Hereupon the Friers appeal to the Pope of Rome, and both parties appointed their Proctors to solicit their Suit.

But taking wit in their way, considering the costliness of that Court, and the long journey thither, they remitted the matter at Burdeaux to Thomas Cardinal of St. Sabine, who accorded them on the following conditions.

• 1. That the Chancellor of Cambridge should retract his excommunications in the same place wherein they were denounced.
• 2. That no act of the Regent-house should extend to derogate from the rights of the Friers.
• 3. That though by the statutes of the University only the Chancellor (or some by him assigned) were to preach on the first Advent, Septuagesima and Ash-wednesday, yet nevertheless the Friers might freely preach the same days and hours in their own Covenrs.
• 4. That Frier Nicholas de Dale and Adam de Hoddon, if pleased to reassume their places in the University, should quietly be admitted, and should have their remedy against such who had offered violence unto them, as in such cases is usual against the disturbers of the peace.
• 5. That whereas all Bachelors inceptors in Divinity, are bound by the statutes to preach ad clerum in St. Mary's; the aforesaid Friers might preach such Sermons in their own Covents, first acquainting the Chancellor with the day they chose for the same.

Some conceive this was a drawn Battle betwixt them, whilst others apprehend that the Friers finding the most favor, came off Conquerors, as keeping the field, and making good their ground in this contention.

Stephen de Segrave, Chancellor, in whose absence Richard de Ashton, was his substitute.

• Stephen de Haselfield, Chancellor.
• Richard de Ashton, Chancellor.

John the 21. Pope of Rome at the request of King Edward the 2. granted the ensuing Bull to the University, which the reader is requested seriously to peruse; the sense whereof is the subject of some difference betwixt us and Oxford.

This year, according to the computation of Helvicus, falls out to be the year of out Lord 1317, and the eleventh of the reign of King Edward the second, though, to gratify the Oxford Antiquary, we havehere followed his account in our marginal Chronology.

37. Now let none conceive Cambridge (long since the mother of many children) now but new born, herself an University, from the date of this Papal Instrument. A mistake of many, alleging for the defense of their Error, that otherwise it were ridiculous, for our King to request, and the Pope to confer on Cambridge what she had already: adding moreover, that the phrase de caetero, for the time to come, implieth, that de praeterito, for the time past, Cambridge was no University. But let such know, that in this Bull Cambridge is confessed a place for Students time out of mind, or (to use the Popes Latin) ab olim; where olim (a word of indefinite extent) is not made the measure of the antiquity of Cambridge, but (which is more) is only the terminus à quo, whence her duration in her learned capacity is dated. This Bull also relateth to ancient privileges of Popes and Princes, bestowed upon her; which herein are roborated and confirmed.

37. Know also that Studium and Universitas are Synonymaes, though the latter the more fashionable word in this age. Nor is it any news for Popes officiously to court Kings for their own ends, with cheap curtesies, by granting what in effect was given before, and varnishing over their Predecessors old Acts, with new specious expressions. We have plainly proved, out of plentiful Records in the Tower, Cambridge called an University in the Kings Charters more than seventy years before, and so no doubt before the Conquest, though that her title, in the troublesome times of war, had been disturbed and interrupted. As therefore the seniority of Scholars, who have long discontinued, is justly reckoned, not from their return to the College, but from their first admission therein: so the University-ship of Cambridge, is to be accounted from her original constitution, not this her late confirmation.

38. Nor are we much moved with what is alleged in this point out of Robert Remington, and take the words as Twyn, the Oxford Antiquary doth managethem the most for his own advantage.

See we here Remington mistakes even by his confession who citeth him in his own behalf. Now he who faults in one thing, may even fail in another. He that mistook Edward the first for Edward the second, may, by as easy an error, mistake FACTA for REFECTA, the Institution for the Restitution of Cambridge.

Roger de Northburge, Chancellor. He obtained Licence from the King, that the University might purchase Advouzances of Spiritual livings, to the value of forty pounds per annum. Indeed King Edward was courteous to Cambridge, wherein he maintained thirty two Scholars on his own cost, intending to build Kings Hall, which his Son and Successor did perform.

39. Hervens [falsely in some copies Henricus ] de Stanton, Clerk, Canon of York and Wells, Rector of East-Deiram and North-Creik in Northfolk, Chancellor of the Exchequer to King Edward the second, flourished now in great wealth and esteem. Let none envy him his pluralities, who so well employed the profits thereof, and this year founded a College, following the example of Hugh de Balsham, but dedicating it to St. Michael the chief of Angels, as the other had consecrated his to St. Peter, the prime of Apostles.

At this day Michael-house is included in Trinity College, so called, not only because dedicated to God, One in three Persons, but also because made by King Henry the eighth, One of three Colleges, whereof (God willing) largely hereafter.

Richard Badew, Chancellor.

40. He bought two Tenements in Miln street of Neile Thornton a Physician, and on that ground built a small College, by the name of University Hall, placing a Principal therein, under whom Scholars lived on their own expenses. This Richard Badew was of a Knightly Family, born at great Badew, nigh Chelmesford in Essex, & employed all his estate to the advancement of learning.

Sixteen years did Students continue in University Hall on their own changes? but a casual fire reduced their House to ashes. Here by way whosoever shall consider in both Universities the ill contrivance of many chimnies, hollowness of hearths, shallowness of tunnels, carelessness of coals and candles, catchingness of Papers, narrowness of studies, late reading and long watching of Scholars, cannot but conclude, that an especial Providence preserveth those places. How small a matter hath sometimes made a partition betwixt the fire and the fuel? Thus an hai • s breadth fixed by a divine-finger, shall prove as effectual a separation from danger, as a miles distance. And although both Universities have had sad accidents in this kind, yet neither in number or nature (since the Reformation) so destructive as in other places: so that, blessed be God, they have been rather sear-fires than hurt-fires unto them.

41. But to return to Mr. Badew, who sadly beholding the ruins of his Hall, perceived that the rebuilding thereof was a work too weighty for himself (though a Man of worship ) so that some person of honor must undertake it. And here happily a worthy Lady presents herself, Elizabeth third sister and coheir of Gilbert Earl of Clare, wife of John de Burge, Lord of Conaugh, and mother to William de Burge, last Earl of Ulster, who built it again of her own proper cost, endowed and called it Clare-Hall.

So that lately, ( viz. anno 1634.) therein were maintained one Master, eighteen Fellowes, thirty six Scholars beside Officers and Servants of the Foundation, and other Students, the whole number being an hundred and six.

It were presumption in me to disturb this method of Masters, agreed on by D ^r . Gaius, M ^r . Parker and others. Otherwise I would prepose Millington (first Provost afterwards of Kings in the reign of King Henry the sixth) before Wilflete Master under King Richard the third. I would also set Swinhorn, both before and after Madew.

For it appeareth in M ^r . Fox, that after Madew his expulsion for being married, Swinborn succeeded him.

42. I have read how Richard the third pretended himself descended from the Foundress of this Hall, (which I account of more truth, then his claim and title to the English Crown) and on that consideration, tyrannidi suae fucatum literarum patrocinium mendaci front obtendens, faith my Author, He challenged the Patronage of this Hall (when William Wilflete was Master) to himself: But if no better Patron to this House than Protector to his own Nephews, his courtesy might well have been spared. And because I find him omitted in Scots last Tables (drawn up no doubt by the consent of this College) amongst the benefactors, I suspect this his fact as a flourish (at which Art he was excellent) rather than any real favor to this foundation.

43. Long was it ere this Hal got a Chapel to itself, ( viz. til the year 1535.) all which time possibly they did their public devotions in that I will of S ^t . Edwards Church, wherein anciently their Masters and Fellowes were interred.

44. This CLARE-Hall was also called Solere Hall in the days of Chaucer, as our Antiquary hath observed.

Some will say, And whence termed Solere Hal? Was it not from Solarium, which in the Latin of that Age signified a fair and light chamber? or is it not mistaken in pronouncing and printing for Scoller-Hall as otherwhiles it is written? But the matter is not much, and who so seeks a reason of all proper names of places, may seek it.

45. This aged Hal, grown very ruinous, was lately taken down and reedified by the bounty of several benefactors. M ^r . Barnabas Oly, late Fellow of this House, and Proctor of the University, may truly be termed Master of the fabric, so industrious and judicious was he in overseeing the same. Nor was he like the foolish builder that could not, but the unhappy that might not, finish his work, being outed the College, on the account of the Covenant. Had this structure been perfected according to the first design, no fault could have been found therewith, except that the brightness and beauty thereof, should make the blear eyes of our envyous Age to smart, much grudging at the decency, more at the magnificence of the Muses. Yet I cannot believe, what I read , that three or four hundred pounds worth of timber, brought hither for the repair of this Hal, was lately taken away. Yea had I seen it, I would not have believed mine own eyes, but rather suspected my sight, that some requisite to right sensation was wanting in me, and the fault either in the organ, medium, object or undue distance thereof.

Themas de Foxton Chancellor, Doctor of the Laws.

John de Langley Chancellor, Doctor of Divinity.

John de Shipeden Proctor.

Thomas de Bucknam Proctor.

46. KING EDWARD THE THIRD, understanding it was his Fathers intention to erect a College in Cambridge, in order whereunto, he had for some years maintained 32 Scholars in the University (occasioning the mistake of John Rouse, reporting he built a College therein) laid the foundation of KINGS HALL, out of some remorse, that he had consented to the death of so affectionate a Father: As one so transported with the news of the birth of his son, that he gave to one John Langer a Knight three hundred pounds pro primo rumore, quem idem Johannes tulit Edvardo secundo, de nativitate filii sui, with a pension paid unto him many years after.

I had put Pope Eugenius the fourth in the catalogue of Benefactors to this Hall, till I discovered his bounty resolved into a point of revenge: For (at the instance of King Henry the sixth ) he possessed on this Hall of the Rectory of Chesterton, nigh Cambridge, formerly engrossed (as many other English Benefices in that age) by an Alien, William Bishop of Milan, from whom the Pope extorted it, because he sided against him with Amadeus Duke of Savoy (aliàs Pope Felix the fifth ) in the Council of Basel.

47. This Hall then surpassed any College in the University, in a three-fold respect.

• 1. For building, being of such receipt, that it could entertain the Kings Court, without disturbance to the Students.
• 2. For lands, though not effectually endowed by King Edward, till about the end of his reign, for the maintenance of one Custos and thirty three Scholars under him.
• 3. For learning, many grave Seniors residing therein; so that this house was accounted Oraculum Academiae.

The greater therefore our grief, that for want of intelligence (all the Records of this Hall being lost) our columne for learned Writers standeth so empty herein. This Hall at this day is united with others in Trinity College, on the North-gate whereof standeth the stately statue of King Edward the third in Armor.

48. We must not forget how the Master and Fellows of this House were complained of, that they did Epicure it in daily exceedings, as indeed where should men fare well, if not in a Kings Hall? Hereupon they of their own accord petitioned King Henry the fourth, that they might be stinted, not to exceed weekly eighteen, or at the highest twenty pence in their commons; the last two pence being allowed them only in case of dearness of victuals and festival solemnities.

49. This House had one peculiar happiness, being of Royal descent of both sides, I mean founded by King Edward the third, the founder of the two houses of York and Lancaster, both deriving themselves from his body. Hence it was that during the Civil wars, it found favor from the Kings of both lines: Whereas afterwards such Colleges which were, as I may say, but of the half blood, built either by some Prince of Lancaster or York, felt in process of time the anger of the one, because of the love of the other: Queens College may be partly, and Kings College too plainly a pregnant instance thereof.

50. Nor was King Edward bountiful to this Hall alone, but a great benefactor to the whole University, on which he conferred privileges, whereof these the principal.

• 1. The Major of the Town should make essay of the bread (whether the weight according to statute) as oft as the Vice-Chancellor should require him.
• 2. That the Chancellor should receive the oaths of the Major, Baylifs, and Aldermen.
• 3. The Licence should be given to the University to appropriate any Church thereunto of 40. l. yearly revenue.
• 4. That the Chancellor should not be disquieted for the imprisoning of such offenders which he conceived deserving the same.
• 5. That such who imprisoned by the Vice-Chancellor should not be set free by the Kings writ.
• 6. That Masters of Arts should not be cited out of the University into the Court of Christianity.
• 7. That the Chancellor should take cognizance of all causes wherein Scholars were concerned, these of Maime and Felonies only excepted.

Many immunities of lesser consequence did this King bestow on Cambridge, here too redious to be repeated, largely exemplified and carefully preserved in the University Muniments.

Robert de Milden-Hall, D ^r . of Divinity, Chancellor.

Henry de Herwarden, D ^r . of Law, Chancellor.

Richard de Harling, D ^r . of Law, Chancellor.

Robert de Lung, Chancellor.

51. William, Marquess of Juliers, is created by King Edward the third, the fourth Earl of Cambridge, accounting this less honor, no degradation, but advancement unto him: nor the motion retrogade from a Germane Marquess, to an English Earl, whilst graced with the title of so famous an University. And this still justifies our former observation, that (the first Earl alone excepted) none were dignified with the title of Cambridge, but either foreign free Princes, or some nearly allied to the Royal blood of England.

52. This year John Earl of Hanault brother to Queen Philippa, wise to King Edward the third, was created the fifth Earl of Cambridge: And here may the Reader take notice that I meet with a difference in Authors. Some making this John first Earl of Cambridge: On whose forfeiture thereof (for his siding with the French King) King Edward conferred the same on William the foresaid Marquess of Juliers. Others make the said Marquess Earl of Cambridge, before John Earl of Hanault was graced with the Title. All agree that both were Earls thereof; and the transposition of them is no whit material to our History of the University.

53. Mary de Saint Paul daughter to Guido Castillion Earl of Saint Paul in France, third wife to Audomare de Valentia Earl of Pembroke, maid, wife, and widow all in a day (her husband being unhappily stain at a tilting at her nuptials) sequestered herself on that sad accident from all worldly delights, bequeathed her soul to God, and her estate to pious uses, amongst which this a principal, that she founded in Cambridge the College of Mary de Valentia commonly called Pembroke Hall. She survived the death of her husband forty two years, and died full of days, and good deeds. A hall afterwards much augmented by the benefaction of others.

Wherein there is, at this present, a Master, nineteen Fellows, one Tanquam, thirty three Scholars of the house, besides officers and servants of the foundation, with other Students, the whole number being 100.

54. The aforesaid Mary de Valentia founded also Denny Abbey nigh Cambridge, richly endowed, and filled it with Nuns, whom she removed from Water-Beach. She enjoyed also her Fellows of Pembrook Hall, to visit those Nuns, and give them ghostly counsel on just occasion; who may be presumed (having not only a fair invitation, but full injunction) that they were not wanting both in their courteous and conscientious addresses unto them.

54. Amongst the ancient plate of this Hall, two pieces are most remarkable: one silver and gilt, of the Foundresses (produced on Festivals) who being of French extraction, was much devoted to their tutelary Saint, witness this inscription, as I remember it:

55. King Henry the sixth was so great a favorer of this House, that it was termed his adopted Daughter (Kings Coll. only, being accounted his natural son ) and great were his benefactions bestowed thereon. But above all we take notice of that passage in his Charter granting (repeated in another of King Edwards confirming) lands to this House.

Now although it is frequent for inferiors to flatter their superiors, it is seldom seen, that Subjects are praised by their Sovereigns without due cause, as this doth appear true to such who seriously peruse our foregoing Catalogue. And though the commendation in the Kings Charter, be confined to Cambridge; yet may it be extended to any College in Christendom of the same proportion, for Students therein. I say (as the Apostle in another kind) that there may be an equality, let Prembroke Hall be compared with any foundation in Europe, not exceeding it in bigness, time, and number of Members, and it will acquit itself not conquered in all learned and liberal capacities.

56. Amongst the Masters of this Hall, Robert de Thorp, the second in number, was, in the thirtieth year of King Edward the third, Lord chief Justice of the Common-Pleas, which place he held thirteen years, till 1371, when he was made Lord Chancellor of England. His Executors anno 1375, gave forty marks apiece to every College in Cambridge (then eight in number) out of his own estate; who in his life time began the public-Schools, as we shall show hereafter.

57. Amidst the Benefactors, Thomas Watts, Doctor of Divinity, and Archdeacon of Middlesex, gave certain Farms in Ashwell and Sauston, for the maintenance of 7 Scholars, by the name of Greek-Scholars, Lancelot Andrew's was one of his foundation: Who at this day is neither indebted to this House in general, to which he gave (besides plate, three hundred folio-books, &c.) one thousand pounds for two Fellowships: Nor to the memory of Dr. Watts in particular, whose poor kindred he afterward sought after, found out, and relieved (shall I say?) or rewarded.

58. Nor must Reynere de Aubeney and Robert de Stanton, both first fellows of this College, be forgotten amongst the Benefactors, being employed as Procurators at Rome, to Pope Innocent the sixth, to obtain the Appropriation of some Rectorles, the Patronage whereof, the Foundress had conferred on the College. In which service (well forwarded, but not finished by them) they there ended their lives; and in gratitude to their memories, a Statute was made in the College, that their obsequies should yearly be kept in the month of July.

And now we take our farewell of this Hall, when we have remembered how Queen Elizabeth, passing by the same in her progress to Cambridge 1566, saluted it with this expression, O Domus antiqu • & religios • ! O ancient and religious House!