A Memorial Offered to John Williams

331. Mirablandimenta genuit Aulici victus ratio, quibus praestantissima virtus saepe consopita connivere visa est. And truly his Breeding in Budaeus his own Country did him some prejudice in that kind. For the French Mode is bold, Light and Airy. That which we call rudeness, with them is freedom, good Metal, brave assurance. And that which we, and the Castilians call Gravity or Modesty, with them is reputed Sneaking, want of Spirit, Sheepishness. But between frets of Spight, and Fits of Levity, the Duke put the Treaty so far out of Tune, that the Lovers were disappointed of their expected Epithalamium. So that the Spaniards made it one of their Refranes or Proverbs: If the Prince had come alone (without the Duke) he had never returned alone (without the brave Castilian Virgin) they might say so freely; for I heard himself say no less in the Banqueting House at a Conference with the Lord's and Commons anno 1624. When he endeared himself to the Hearers, So be it; yet that which Canoniz'd him with the people then, was afterward made an Evidence against him, Cab. p. 227. To lay a Dram of Excuse against a Pound of Error, this is to be Alledged, that Olivares and Count Montes-claros were ill Advis'd to spurn a young Lion, as if he had been a Puppy-Whelp. For as soon as they saw the Duke soar so high in his Opinions, and when Bristol spake to mitigate him, disaccount of him contemptibly, as if he had nothing to do, this Brace of Grandees called it in Question, what Creature could have more Power in that Action, then an Embassador, that laid the first Stone of it, that had ample Letters of Credence under the King's Broad-Seal, with the Confirmation of the Privy-Council of England, which was more then my Lord of Buckingham brought with him. The Headship of the Treaty was in the Prince, and they bended to it, Extolling his Wisdom as Capitolinus doth Gordianus the Elder, Moribus it a moderatus, ut nihil possis dicere quod nimie fecit. The next place they deemed to the Earl of Bristol, upon the Reason premised, though he declined it. And should Buckingham be degraded to be the third in Place, who held the Highest Place in Honor, and the Supremacy both in the King's, and the Princes Favor: Ausonius in Paneg. ad Gratian. tells a Story, That Alexander the Great Reading those Verses in Homer, that Agamemnon was Nam'd by the Common Soldiers to Fight the Duel with Hector after Aiax and Diomedes, clapt out an Oath saying, Occiderem eum qui me tertium nominasset, I would have cut his Throat, that should have Named two before me. Truly Buckingham had so much Bravery in him, that he would take the third Place in as great Dudgeon as Alexander.

144. The grave Earl of Bristol was passive in this Quarrel, and sunk it in Silence with his best Dexterity. So he did allay all other Heats, which the Duke's Passion raised against him, if his Letter to the Lord Keeper be of Canonical Faith, Cab. P. 21. knowing how undecent and scandalous a thing it is, for the Ministers of Princes to run different ways in a strange Court. But the Envy of all Miscarriages was cast upon his Lordship by that mighty Adversary, and by a greater than he. That he was wholly Spaniolized, which could not be, unless he were a Pensioner to that State. That he sided with Olivarez in all Consults. That he professed a Neutrality, and more, in all Propositions for the Advancement of the Popish Religion. That he never Pleaded for the Restitution of the Palatinate, but only pitied it with the Spanish Shrug. That he did not so timely unmask the Spanish Councils to the Kings Advantage, as he might, and ought to have done. That he entangled the Prince in Delays, to keep him from returning Home. For these, and other the like, which will follow in the great Report made in the next Parliament, a Noise was made, that his Lordship should be offered up to Justice, as a public Sacrifice. But they that contest for his Innocency, observe, that he was let loose to depart in Quiet, when he should have been brought to the Horns of the Altar. And when the Bill drawn up against him, was put into Sir Robert Philip 's Hand, an active, and a gracious Member of the House to manage it to his Ruin, Sir Robert writes to the Duke, Cab. P. 265. If Bristol frame a probable satisfactory Answer to any Charge, will it not rather serve to declare his Innocency, than to prepare his Condemnation? Your Grace may consult with yourself, whither you may not desist with Honor, upon having him further questioned. Afterward, when his Master King James was dead, and when he was at the Stake, I may say, like to be worried in Parliament, by his Accusers, he writes thus confidently to the Lord Conway: Cab. P. 20. As for the Pardon, Jacob. 21. I should renounce it, but that I know the justest, and most cautious Man living, may, through Ignorance or Omission, offend the Laws. So that as a Subject, I shall not disclaim any Benefit which cometh in general, as it doth usually to all other Subjects in the Kingdom. But as for any Crime in particular, that may entrench upon my Employments in point of Loyalty and Fidelity, I know my Innocency to be such, that I am confident I shall not need that Pardon. Take the Earl's Case Pro and Con, it is very dubious; therefore I will deal with it, as the manner of the Areopagites was in such Perplexities, adjourn it to be heard an hundred Years hence. I say, not He, but They were the Proprophets of Baal, that troubled our Israel. Our Corner-miching Priests, with the Bloomesberry-Birds their Disciples, and other hot spirited Recusants cut out the Way with the Complaints of their (no-grievous) Sufferings, which involved us in Distractions. Rome and Madrid were full of them, and they conjured Pope Gregory, and the Catholic King, to wind in their Safety and Immunity in the Articles of the Match, as behooved a Father and a Friend. If they had sat still, and let the Business go adrist with the Tide, it had been better for them. They that force their Fruits to be Ripe, do but hast them to be rotten. Qui spretis quae tarda cum securitate, prematura vel cum exitio properant, Tacit. Annal. lib. 3. The Word of the King and Prince would not serve them, that they would be gracious to all of their Sect, that lived modestly and inoffensively to deserve their Clemency. But they must have public Instruments for it (and Acts of Parliament, if they could be gotten) to debauch his Majesty in the Love of his People. For as the Lord Keeper writes very prudently to the Duke, Cab. P. 105. The Bent of the English Catholics is, not to procure Ease and Quietness to themselves, but Scandals against their neighbouring Protestants, and Discontents against the King and State. Rhetorical Campian avows it in an Oration made at Douay. Note this Apostrophe of his to our Kingdom. As far as it concerns our Society, we, all dispersed in great Numbers through the World, have made a League, and Holy Solemn Oath, that as long as any of us are alive, all our Care and Industry, all our Deliberations and Councils shall never cease to trouble your Calm and Safety. Yet when our pragmatical Bosom-Enemies had wearied themselves with Solicitations, the Earl of Nitsdale, a main Prop of their Cause, confessed, It may be Assurance sufficient to all Catholics, who have the Sense to consider, that it must be our Master's, and the Prince's gracious Disposition, that must be our Safety, more than either Word, or Writ: Thus he to the Duke, Cab. P. 250. But while the Recusant Petitioners had caused all Affairs with us, and Abroad, to be obnoxious to Inflammation, the Lord Keeper, like a right Lapidary, cuts a Diamond with a Diamond, and useth Sir Tob • M • (is it not a Paradox?) the busiest Agent in that Cause, to Manifest, both in the Palace at Rome, and in the Court at Madrid, that the Petitioners grasp at more Favors than they could hold, either with the Peace of this Kingdom, or with the Laws of it, which would endanger them to forfeit all that Connivance which they had gained before. Give him his Due, he rode with great Celerity to those remote Places, and did his Work to the Proof, and to his great Praise. S • stus est, at mihi infidelis non est. As Plautus in Trinummo. The Lord Keeper failed not to put Gold in his Pocket, but he paid him chiefly out of his Father's Purse. That most Reverend Arch-Bishop of York, his Father, being highly distasted with Sir Toby 's Revolt from the Protestant Religion, made a Vow to Dis-inherit him, and to leave him nothing. The Lord Keeper plied the Arch-Bishop with sweet and pleasant Letters, which he loved, and with some Mediators in Yorkshire, not to infringe his Vow, for he did not ask him so much as to name him in his last Wi • l and Testament; but to furnish him with Three thousand Pounds while he lived, and the Sum was paid to his Son to a Penny. How Sir Toby be • himself in the wisest Counsel, which, I think, was given to the King of Spain, may be read, Cab. P. 25 • . importuning his Majesty not to entangle the Prince with the Vo • o of the Theologos, to which he could not submit himself with Honor, but to accept of those large Conditions for Catholics, which my Lord the King, and the Prince have condescended to, that so the Prince may have some foot of Ground, upon which he may stand without Breach of Honor, to comply with the incomparable Affection which he beareth to the Infanta. This is sure, that Sir Toby 's Industry was well taken, because he did what he could. And he that employed him, held him ever after to be a Person of Trust, in anything which he promised to do.

145. Very consonant to the grand Particulars of the Praemises, are the Contents of two Letters, both dispatched in June from the Lord Keeper to the Duke's Grace. That which bears the former Date, June 15, and yet unpublished, lays out Errors advisedly and mannerly, under the Heads of trivial Reports, and furnisheth the Duke with Counsel for all Exigencies of Advantage, especially diseloseth the King's Opinion, if the Worst should come. It is long, but I could not pare it, and not mar it. Thus it is.

Truly no Proceeding could be more genteel, to win the Hearts of all the Great Ones to his Grace, and to keep them sure unto him, than to persuade him that he had no Enemy.

146. The Latter of the two Letters is come abroad in Cab. P. 78. whose Date should be June 28, whereof, because it is in many Hands, some Jaggs will suffice to be recited.

'It is confessed that these Advertisements, so dutifully presented, were sullenly taken. It offended, that the Lord Keeper looked through his Grace's Infirmities with a quick Eye, though with a noble Sadness. He might have wrote somewhat else, if he had been less Wise, or less Honest. Yet still he wrote, for the Valuation of the Duke's Goodness to him was so great, that the Sowerness of present Unkindness must be dipt in the sweet Sawce of former Benefits. It is intoninus the Emp. Similitude, cast Dirt into a pure Fountain, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , it will purge it out, and supply clear and wholesome Water. Immemiately before, that is, while the former of these Letters was upon the Way, the Duke entrusted the Prince's greatest Secret, and his own to the Lord Keeper, with a Charge to carry it with him to the King, being cautious that no Foot-step of it should remain under his own Hand, or any other. Therefore thus he salutes the Lord Keeper, June 17.

That which was sit to be kept in tenebris for that time, may now come to light without Injury, by his Gloss upon it, who, the King excepted only knew it. Our Prince either was weary, or was persuaded to be so, with Articles upon Articles, and Additions upon Additions in that Spanish Junto. Therefore he desired Leave from his Father, that he might assay to depart from Madrid, as secretly as he came thither.

The Lord Keeper indeed had emboldened the Prince in February before, to that Course; but the King thought the Motion was not so seasonable at that time. For his Highness was attended in Spain with a great Household of Followers, and God knows whither the Sheep would be scattered, or into what Pin-sold they should be thrust, if the shepherd were gone. And his Majesty still dreamt of of winning the Game, and professed he saw no such Difficulties, but that Patience. after a while, would overcome Perversness. Howsoever, it would be inglorious for the Prince of Wales to run away from the Frown of the Spaniards. But least the Safety of so dear a Person should seem to be slighted, or his Welcome Home retarded, the Lord Keeper besought the King upon his Knees, that his Majesty would write his Fatherly and Affectionate Letters, to require his Son's Return, giving them no Date, but leaving that to be inserted, when Business was crowned with Opportunity. This Counsel hit the Pin right, and was followed; and by God's Will, who hath the Hearts of Kings and Princes in his Hand, it pleased on this side, and beyound the Seas.

147. Great was the Expectation what the Month of July would bring forth, as well in England as in Spain. My Lord Duke had thrust himself into the greatest Employment that was in Europe, when at first he had no Ground, now no Mind to accomplish it. A sorry Apprehension, taken from Mr. Endi. Porter, carried him forth in all hast to make up the Match; but there were others, who desired his Grace to gratify them with Concealment for their Good-will, that sent Instructions into Spain, to adjure him to do his utmost to prevent the Espousals. Their Reasons were the two principal Places of Divine and Human Wisdom, God's Glory, and his own Safety. For God's Sake, to keep our Orthodox Religion from the Admixture of that Superstition, which threatened against the Soundness of it. And no Corrosive so good to eat out the Corruption of Romish Rottenness creeping on, as to give the Spaniard the Dodg, and to leave the Daughter of Spain behind. To his own Safety this Counsel was contributed. These, who made it their Study, and were appointed to it, to maintain the Grandeur of his Lordship, met frequently at Wallingford-house, to promote the Work. Who had observed, that some Impressions were gotten into the King's Mind, and they knew by whom, that his Majesty was resolved to be a Lover of Parliaments, that he would close very graciously with the next that was called; nor was there Likelihood that any private Man's Incolumity, though it were his Grace himself, should cause an unkind Breach between him and his People. Therefore the Cabinet-men at Wallingford-House, set upon it to consider, what Exploit this Lord should commence, to be the Darling of the Commons, and as it were to re-publicate his Lordship, and to be precious to those, who had the Vogue to be the chief Lovers of their Country. Between the Flint and the Steel, this Spark was struck out; that all other Attempts would be in vain, unless the Treaty for the great Marriage were quasht, and that the Breach of it should fall notoriously upon the Lord Buckingham 's Industry. For it was not to the Taste of the English (if you will number them, and not weigh them) fearing some Incommodation to the Protestant Religion These Jonadabs, 2 Sam. 13.3. the Subtle Friends of beauteous Absalom, drew the Duke out of the King's Highway into the By-path of Popularity. The Spaniards also stirred up his Fire to struggle and appear against them—For as the Earl of Bristol writes, Cab. P. 20. He was very little beholding to them for their good Opinion. Withal, he was so head-strong, that all the Ministers of our King, that were joined with him, could not hold him in. He had too much Superiority, to think them his Fellow Servants, that were so indeed. And having nothing in his Taste but the Pickle of those new Counsels, which his Governing Friends in England insus'd into him, he plucked down in a few Weeks, which the other Part had been raising up in eight Years. Centum doctúm hominum concilia sola devincit Dea Fortuna, Plaut. Pseud. Act. 2. This unfortunate Accident did both contravene, and overmatch the Counsels of a hundred wise Men. A fatal thing it hath been always to Monarchs, to be most deceived, where they have trusted most. Nay, If they had all the Eyes of Argos, their chiefest Confidents are able to abuse them on the blind Side. Therefore the Observator is most injurious, that puts a low Esteem upon King James 's Wisdom. P. 14. That he was over-witted, and made use of to other Men's ends, by almost all that undertook him. So he may put the Fool upon Solomon, who was cozened in Jeroboam, whom he made Ruler over all the Charge of the House of Joseph, 1 King. 11.28. A Solomon may be mistaken in a Jeroboam, and like his seeming Faithfulness and Sufficiency to the Undoing of his Posterity. Little did the old King expect, that the Man of his Right-hand, whom he had made so strong for his own Service upon all Occasions, would forget the Trust of his Gracious Master, and listen to the Voice of Hirelings. Which of the Members of my Partition will make the Duke excusable in point of Honor and Conscience? Did he do it for the best to the King? Did he think the Spanish Alliance would be fruitful in nothing but Miseries, and that it would be a thankful Office to lurch the King in his Expectation of it? Evil befall such double Diligence. Perhaps it may be shifted off with the Name of a good Intent, when it tampers with a Branch, or Circumstance of an Enjoyment; but when it raiseth up the very Body of Instructions, 'tis no more competent with Obedience, than Light with Darkness. The Heathen would not brook it, that had a grain of Philosophy in their Disposition, that a Minister should alter the Mandates of his Superior, upon Supposes to the better: Ne been consulta, Religion mandati soluta, corrumperentur, Gell. lib. 1. c. 13. They thought that those Services, which wanted the Religion of Obedience, let their Aim be never so honest, would prove improsperous. Or did this great Lord do it for the best to himself? I believe it. If the Hope of the Match died away, he looked to get the Love of the most in England; but if it were made up, he looked for many Enemies, for he had lost the Love of the best in Spain. Sir Wal. Aston foresaw wisely, that there was no fear, but that the Princely Lovers might join Hands in Sacred Wedlock, if that Fear of the Duke could be removed. So he writes, Cab. P. 32. Would your Grace would commit it to my Charge, to inform the Infanta what you have merited, and to accommodate all other Mistakes here concerning that Proceeding. If your Grace would reconcile your Heart, I would not doubt, but, with the Conclusion of the Match, to compose all things to your good Satisfaction, and to bring them to a true Understanding of you, and of their Obligation unto you. But his Lordship knew what he had deserved, and that it was not possible to look for good Quarter from them: So he cut off the Thread of the Match with these Scissors. The Love of the English must not be lost; the Love of the Spaniard could not be gained. But it was passing ill done of him to deal so with his dear Master, to whom he owed more than ever he could pay; for whom he should not have been nice to hazard his Preservation. He knew the bottom of the King's Bosom, that his Majesty accounted this great Alliance to be the Pillar of his present Honor, and the Hope of his future Prosperity: That all his Counsels with foreign States turned upon that Hinge: That he looked for golden Days with it, which would fill our People with rich Traffick, and spread Peace over all the Borders of Europe. He knew his Lord the King desired to live but to see it finished, and cared not to live after he saw it vanished. Crediderim tunc ipsam fidem humanam negotia speculantem, maestum vultum gessisse, Valer. lib. 6. Let the Duke have his deserved Praises in other things great and many; but let Fidelity, Loyalty and Thankfulness hide their Face, and not look upon this Action. Let his Friends that did drive him to it, and wrought upon his flexible Disposition, bear much of the Obloquy. For it is not 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , but 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , not Man, but God that made the Law: He that kindled the Fire, let him make Restitution, Ex. 22.6.

148. He that hateth the Light, loves not to come to the Light, lest his Deeds should be reproved, Joh. 3.20. The Politici, that carried the Duke athwart with their excentrick Motion, were very impatient to be discovered. They thought they had beat their Plot upon a quilted Anvil, and that their Hammer could not be heard. But time is a Blab, which will tell all Secrets, and spared not this. The Lord Keeper was much maligned, as the Author of the Detection: Yet he deserved not the Glory, for it was the King himself by this Occasion. The Ambassadors of the Catholic King, pressed that the Articles, assented to by the Prince, and those about him, should be ratified. And Preparation was made to give them Satisfaction. So the Lord Keeper assures the Duke, Cab. P. 78. The King is resolved to take certain Oaths you have sent hither, and I pray God afterwards no further Difficulty be objected. These Oaths being brought to discussion at the Council-Table, there were among the Lord's, that suppressed their Consent, till better knowledge did warrant them, and some Aspect of Necessity did make them resolute to Agreement. While these few of the Lord's were suspensive in their Judgment, it was brought to the King, that some, professed Servants and Creatures of the Duke's, cavilled at certain Articles in the matter of the Oath, and were very busy to puzzle those, who had not yet completely deliberated upon them. The King laid this to other things he had heard (and he was able to put much together in a Glance of Imagination) and called one of them, that was employed in this unacceptable Office, to a private Conference, whom his Majesty handled with such searching Questions, conjured with such Wisdom, wound into him with that Sweetness, that he fetched out the Mystery; yet giving him his Royal Word to conceal his Person. Sic suo indicio periit sorex. So the Rat was catched by his own Squeaking. This his Majesty imparted to the Lord Keeper and Marquis Hamilton, and was not a little discomforted upon it; for here was a Danger found out, but not a Remedy. Yet he went on (cheerfully to all seeming) to that which was come to a ripe Head, and gave Command to the Lord Keeper to prepare all things for the solemn Confirmation of the Covenants, that were brought from Spain. He went went about it, and had about him those three Qualities which run together in St. Paul, Rom. 12.11. Not slothful in Business, fervent in Spirit, serving the Lord: That is, Diligence, Courage, Conscience. Zealots, who are favorable to themselves, that they think they have among them the Monopoly of Conscience, had been able to discourage another, who in common Discourse, laid no less Crime than Atheism, no Religion upon him that should give Furtherance to a Popish Marriage; much more, if for Reasons of State-Compliance, he should refresh the Party adherent to Rome with any Mercy or Favor. But this man regarded not Rumors before Reason; God had given him a Spirit above Fear, which, he would often say, had the greatest Influence in the Corruption of two brave things, Justice, and good Counsel. So he was resolved, as Illustrius says of Theod 〈◊〉 the Philosopher, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , to spend, or cast away some Wisdom, not only for the Intelligent, but for their Sakes that were ignorant, and knew not how to use it. The Precedent for this Work, he conceived would be to turn over the Paper Stories of Queen Elizabeth 's Reign, when the first and second Dukes of Anjou were propounded for Husbands to that glorious Lady, of whom the latter came so near to speed, that wise Burleigh, with others that had gray Hairs, and grave Heads, drew up a Book for the Consummation of the Marriage. Lay that Treaty with the French Monsieur, and this of Spain together, and there needs no striving to bring them to great Resemblance in the Comparison. There was as much Disparity in Religion between the one Pair, as the other. The Duke of Anjou came as unexpectedly to the Queen at Greenwich, as the Prince came unlooked for to Madrid. The Duke brought but two or three in Train, Camb. Eliz. Fol. P. Ann. 1579. no more did the Prince. The French Treaties continued eight years to obtain the Queen; the same Term of time had been spent in the Prince's Behalf, to enjoy the Infanta. Eight years past, and nothing past beside, for both the Lovers were non-suited in the end. The Duke of Anjou courted the Queen, when her People regretted, that he besieged the Protestants in Rochelle at the same time, Gladio ejus eorum cruore intincto, qui eandem quam Angli profitentur Religionem, Camb. An. 1573. Our Prince solicited for his Mistress in Spain, when the Palatinate was wasted with Fire and Sword by Spinola, which was dearer to us by far than Rochelle. Finally, Take three things more in a Twist together. Did some of our good People fear a Prejudice to Religion, by the Prince's intended Match? even so, Religions mutationem ab Andino Angli nonnulli timuerunt. Did a Bride from Spain go against the vulgar Content? So did a Bridegroom from France: In Anglià optimi cujusque animum ab Andini nuptiis esse aversum. In the behalf of the Spanish Consulto, did some of our Counselors become odious, as if they betrayed both Church and Kingdom; so all that wished the Queen to the French Gallant, Quasi ingrati in patriam & principem sugillantur, Camb. An. 1581. All as like as may be. Mercury is as like Sosia, as Sosia is like himself. And the People are like themselves in all Ages, who commonly suspect some Evil from their Governors, when they will be wiser than they: So that it is very rare to look to the Public, as it ought, and to be in Possession of most Hearts; but as Tul. Orat. pro Flacco, said of a mutinous Concourse of the Trallians, Patiamini me delicta vulgi à publicâ causà separare: So I think not the worse of any Place, if the Herd of the People break further than good Manners and Obedience. They know not how to Rule, nor is it fit they should know how they are Rul'd. For they have Noses and smell not. The Wisdom of a Kingdom is to be valued, after it is calcinated from the Opinion of the multitude.

149. Which presently is to be Tried, For the Articles gain-said by a great Out-cry came to the Touch-Stone, July 20. being Sunday, and were presented before to His Majesty to Swear unto, and to the Lord's of the Council to subscribe their Approbation; which were of two sorts. Some belonged to the Infanta, and her Train of Household, and no further: Some belonged to all the English, that had taken the Mark of the Church of Rome in their Hand. Of the former, three, and no more, did seem to be Litigious.

First, That the Princessa and her Servants should enjoy the Use of their own Religion, without Trouble or Molestation, and a Chapel to be built, adjoining to her Court, for the more full and decent Exercise of it; which held little dispute, for the provident Council of Q. Eliz. made no scruple to consent to the like in express Words. Dux, & sui, modo non sint Nativi Angliae Subjecti, suam liberi Religionem exerceant in constituto aliquo loco in suis aedibus, sine impedimento; so the Foundation was laid of the Chapel, adjoining to St. James 's place.

Secondly, That the Princessa should be trusted with the Education of the Children lawfully begotten between them, till they came to Ten Years of Age. A string that grated harshly; yet heard by Wise-men with more Laughter, then Fear. For Childhood is not apt to take any perilous impression in intellectual Points; and they would be often with the Father, and those about him, and unlearn corrupt Principles. Chiefly it was foreseen, that it was a Gratification, that would die out of itself, and expire in process of so long a time. And in all Councils much must be ascribed to the Foresight of Prudence; as Nepos says in the Life of Atticus, Facile intelligi potest prudentiam esse quandam Divinationom. Prudence sees so far before it, that it comes not short of a kind of Divination. Much more was allowed to the Duke of Anjoy in the page Appealed to before Camb. anno 1558. p. 320. Si Dux supervixeru Roginae, habebit tutelam liberorum, si masculi non excesserint decimum Octavum Annum, & feminae decimum quintum. I think those Counselors ran too far into Temptation. I am sure we were far more Cautelous and Restrictive.

Thirdly, That the Clergy waiting upon the Princessa should be subject to no Laws, or Statutes of England already made, or that should be made hereafter.

Methinks no Honest man, that lives in Human Society, should ask such an Immunity, though it were possible to be Granted. Yet their Clerks do not ask it, but Arrogate it. So Bellar. lib. 1. de Cler. c. 18. Clericks are not under the Laws of secular Princes by Obligation compulsory, but directory. That is, they do well to conform to the Establish'd Laws of any Nation, where they live, for the maintenance of Peace, and usual Commerce: But if it seems better to them to avoid those Laws, and not observe them, they cannot be punished by, no nor cited to the Courts of Secular Magistrates. This Article K. James eraced out, not only by his own, but by St. Paul 's Authority, Rom. 13. Let every Soul be Subject to the Higher Powers; to those Higher Powers that Receive Tribute, and bear not the Sword in vain, if any do Evil. Herein I commend the States of the Netherlands, for that which I find in a Book, called, The Revolutions of the United Provinces p. 175. A Peace but few years since being brought to Conclusion between them and the King of Spain, they agree that the Subjects of the King of Spain may Converse and Negotiate in all their Territories, but with an express Prohibition of all Ecclesiastical Persons; for the Plenipotentiary of the King of Spain maintained in a great Diet held at Munster, that they were none of the K. of Spain's Subjects, or Subject to any Secular Power, but only to the Pope of Rome. A good work to thrust them out for Wranglers, as our King thrust out this Article. All Concessions that were thought Honorable and needful for the Infanta being passed over, a contract steps forth in the behalf of all those in these Dominions, that were of her Highness's Religion, meaning so much and no more, as was to be presently put in use. It is almost not credible what strange Rumors ignorant Fear, or perhaps malicious, had buzz'd abroad. That some of our fairest Churches Parochical, nay Cathedral, must be devoted to Assemblies of Papists for their Public Use. That Cloisters for Votaries, Male and Female, should be Erected, &c.

The Demands were bad enough, yet much under that presumption. As they came from the Ambassadors they were comprised under two Heads. The First, That a general Pardon should pass under the Great-Seal for the benefit of all Papists in this Land, to acquit them from the Penalties of such Statutes, as might take hold of them for the time past, in case of Religion. To which good words were given, and after many Rubs and Reservations (as shall be shewn) the Seal was put to an Instrument for that purpose, but kept in Lavender. The other was the Gorgon 's Head, which Frighted the Lookers on, that a Patent should be drawn up copiously with the same Seal to it, to save the Recusants Ecclesiastical and Lay, from the Penalties of all Statutes made against them, for the time to come. This is the Star called Wormwood that fell into the Waters of Debate, Revel. 8.11. Wherein the Spanish Agents were put off with many Delays and Wise Representations; till in the End the Lord Keeper reduced it to this Issue. That all Magistrates should be warned by Letters sent to them severally, not to molest the Roman Catholics upon any Statute, till His Majesty had signified his further pleasure, and that when the Princessa had been Six Months in England, this Favor should be confirmed to her further Content. The like was not yielded in the business Agitated with the Duke of Anjoy, but a strict Exception was put in, Ut nulla Occasio Anglis ad leges constitut as violandas praeberetur. It was an ill time for the Ambassadors to ask such things; when not only seditious Spirits, but the best of Protestants, who had nothing in them of the peevish and refractory, were sick of an ill Digestion of Jealousies. It was a hard seeming work to overcome, for the Ravens Croak'd, and the Doves mourned at it. Yet it was a worse time to deny them, when the Pledge of our Future Happiness stuck fast in a Foreign Kingdom, and nothing could Conduct him home with such Celerity and Safety, as some drops of Grace Distilling from the Prerogative Royal, to stay the longing of the Pontifician Faction. They are beguiled that think Marquess Inoihosa, or 〈◊〉 Carlos de Colonna plucked us over our Line, to get a Wife for the Prince; it was to get him home.

Let his Highness look to it in Spain to come home with a Glorious Bride; but all Loyal Hearts look earnestly for him, whether single or double was not the Chief Point. And the Anxiety of his Majesty was, What shall I do for my Son! 1 Sam. 10.2. This was the Compass that guided the Lord's of the Council in their condescension, to bring their young Master out of Peril, though it were with the Ransom of too much Mercy to them, who were not the best that deserved it. But who it was that set the Edge of the Razor upon the Hoane; who it was that surpass'd himself in this Negotiation; that cut off difficulties smoothly, leaving no Raggedness to be seen in the Clest of his distinctions, will appear in the ensuing dispatch of the Lord Keepers to the Prince; whose goodness will satisfy for the Prolixity.

152. So powerful and perspicuous was the Lord Keeper's Theology, that all the Worthies of David, his Majesty's Secret Counsel, concur'd in the Confirmation. Among whom was Bishop Andrew's, the Torturer of the best Roman Champion with his mighty Learning. Another was Archbishop Abbots, about whom Mr. Sanderson is most negligently mistaken, to write thus, Pag. 550. That he was then suspended from his Function, and from coming to the Council-Table. He sat that Day with the Lord's, and was the first that subscribed in the Catalogue, as himself observes. It may be Mr. Sanderson could not reconcile, (nor I neither) how he should sign to the Ratification, and undertake a long Letter to King James to disprove it with many Flourishes, Cab. p. 13. The same Fountain cannot send forth salt Water and fresh, Jam. 3.12. Therefore I deny the Letter, (I believe justly) to have been written by him. Such Frauds are committed daily, to set Credit to spurious Writings under a borrowed Name. A. Gell. picks out a fit Merchant for such Ware, Sertorius, a brave Commander, but a great Impostor. Literas Compositas pro veris legebat, Lib. 15. Cap. 22. But I will prove my Conjecture strongly. First, So wise a Man would not shame himself with Inconstancy; Act one thing to Day with his Sovereign Lord, and pluck it down to Morrow. Secondly, The Letter crept out of Darkness Thirty Years after the Prince came out of Spain, and Twenty Years after the supposed Authors Death. A large time to hatch a Fable. Thirdly, The Lord Keeper, (vide supra) certified the Prince, that before the Lord's came together to consult about the ease of the Oaths, two Speeches were in many Hands rise in London; The one for the Negative, under the Archbishop's Name; The other for the Affirmative, under the Lord Keepers Name, when no Colloquy had been begun about it. Was it not as easy for the same Author, or such another, to forge a Letter, as well as a Speech? Fourthly, The Archbishop was so stout in the Pulpit at Whitehal, as to deplore the Prince's absence, and his departure out of the Kingdom. The ill relish of that passage, (I know it by the Papers under my Hand) was sent abroad as far as Spain by Sir Edw. Villiers. And I dare say the Tydings of that Letter, had followed the News of the Sermon, if it had been a Chicken of the same Brood. Finally, There was nothing done that needed a Recantation. Yet Opinions were so various, that some spread it for a Fame, That the Prince himself gave the Lord Keeper no Thanks for his Labor. But that which follows will encounter it, to break the Chaw-bone of the Lye; as it is to be found in a Postscript of his to the Duke, Cab. p. 85.

That sweet Letter is preserved, written every Syllable with his Highness's own Hand, which will show the sufficiency of his Pen at those young Years, but much more the Pleasure he took in those, that did him faithful Service.

This was sent away in 17 Days after the Agreement was struck up at Wansted. Happy are they, who, being put to drudge at the Plough of State-Affairs, do reap the Harvest of such Gracious Acceptance. And a Prince will find it true, that he gets as many Hearts, when he receives the Devoirs of his Subjects comfortably and smilingly, as when he rewards them bountifully. So Pliny in the Paneg. to Trajan, Non minùs regium summaeque humanitatis parva lubenti facilique suscipere animo, quàm magna largiri: A King cannot always reward, but he may always commend the well-deserving of his Vassals. Which is good Interest, though it be not the Principal. For an Ingenuous Servant, that is not yet gratified, is solaced with Hope: But he that is not stroke'd with good Words, is discouraged forever.

153. Enough is contain'd in this little touch, that his Highness in his Letter of surpassing Love was just to himself, as well as gracious to his trusty Minister. One Man's Wit wrought Miracles here to solder up all the broken pieces of the business. Though the Prince had skillful Men about him, yet there wanted such another Head-piece at his Elbow in Spain. I cannot but think of him, when I remember what Cuiacius said of his great Master in the Caesarean Law, Nemo unus erit unquam Papinianus. Neither let his Praise fall lower, because he was not a Nestor in Years: For he was elder at this time, than Papinian was when he died. He followed the Cares of the Prince in Madrid, when his Employment was called for, but being far off, not altogether with the like success. It was hot Weather now in that Torrid Climate, the Bocca Difurno, as they call it; and the Treaty of the Match was not a little scorched. The Duke wrote to the Lord Keeper, July 8. That he did not altogether distrust a good End: His Highness in his, July 30. seems to presage That he hoped for a desired End. The Words are sufficiently cheerful; but some Art was in them. For perusing the very Reports of those gallant Persons, when they came into England, I find all things about this time look very sickly, and with a Face of Consumption. The Earl of Bristol, an understanding Author in these Affairs, writes, That the Match was so really intended, that it was past all danger of miscarrying, if the fault were not on our side; yet together he confesseth, That the Spaniards have committed many Errors in their proceeding with the Prince, Cab. P. 23. Right: For 'tis easy to tumble forth an huddle of them at this time. The Ratification of the Articles was ready to be published by the Nuncio after much ado: But the Pope dies July 8. Bene fecit Regulus quod mortuus est, melius si ante, says Pliny, Lib. 6. Ep. ad Arn. But well had it been, if old Gregory had lived longer, or died sooner. The Life of his Dispensation and Confirmations expired with him. All the Ground we had trod must be trod over again; and we are carried back to the beginning of the Race, from whence we started: And no coming forward, no not a foot, till St. Peter 's Chair was filled again. Whose Successor was not chosen till August the 6th. Nor he at leisure to mind this Matter in his new Pontificality till September. Nor a second Impression of a Dispensation to be gotten, till November even spent. Who would not have considered the Disdain that a generous Love, and a more generous Mind, must conceive, to have the Cherry bob at his Lip, and to be snatched from him? Quo propiùs accesseris ad spem fruendi, hoc impatientius careas, says the same Pliny, Lib. 6. Ep. 1. But let a free born Spirit see what it is to wait upon the Papal Pleasure, so lingering, so imperious, I know not which is worst. Christianity bids us submit to them which watch over our Souls, Heb. 13. but it doth not make us Religious Slaves. Therefore the Prince declared it for his resolute Mind, That he would not abide the delay of the next Missive from Rome, nor stay for the Birth of another Elephant: Neither should all the Sirens in Spain stop his departure. Which made them whisper, That his Highness would rob them of his Company, and take no leave; and set some, though not openly, to keep Centinel to prevent him. Which surmise he confronted with a Message, equal to the best of the ancient Apophthegms, That though he came thither privily out of Love, he scorned to steal away privily out of Fear. But when he heard that some were set in ambush to interrupt his Return, he bore it Heroically, and without strife of Passion, because he knew no Remedy to help it, and wrote to the King his Father to be courageous in the sufferance with these Lines:

That Family, and those Children, with whom King Philip held less Amity than with the English, secured us afterwards from those fears. But for other things, the Grandees of the Consulto (till their heat had vapoured out) stood upon such Terms, as had no Equity or Moderation. For when Sir Fr. Cottington returned with our Kings Oath, plighted to the annexed Conditions for the ease of the Roman Catholics, the Spaniards made no Remonstrance of Joy, (says the Prince in his Report) or of an ordinary liking to it. Therefore the Lord Keeper observing that they had an insatiate and hydropical Malady, that the more they gulpt down the more they thirsted, he tried if they would take this Julip as he prepared it in his Letter to the Duke of Buckingham.

Here's a Remonstrance then which nothing could be more placid, or more solid; upon which I look, as upon Thaboren in Parthia, as Justin describes it lib. 41. Cuius loci ea conditio est, ut ne{que} munitius quicquam, ne{que} amoenius esse possit. Just at this time the Days of Trouble looked darker and darker in Spain. The Prince, disgusted to Treat with a People that asked much and granted little; and Wire-drew Counsels into Vexatious length, resolved to take his leave: and showed the King of Spain his Fathers Royal and Indispensable Pleasure, that no Proffer should interpose, but that he should hasten him, for which his Navy did attend him upon the Coast of Biscay. That it was no fault of his that he must depart when the Treaty was so imperfect, but in them that made it a Justitium, or Intermission of all Proceedings, because upon the Death of the Pope, the Court of Rome was not open. Olivarez to divert his Highness, made Two Propositions; First, That the Prince would come in to the Conditions as they came formerly from Rome, or to stay till new ones might be agreed upon, and Ratified at Rome; Hoc illud cornucopiae est, ubi in est quicquid volo, says Pseudolus in Plautus. Grant the Condé to make his Reference to Rome, and you grant him all. That's the Goats-Horn, or Jugglers Box, out of which he can fetch anything with a sleight. The Prince answered him very gravely for one so young, (as he made the Report at St. James 's) The first motion he had declined before, neither had he changed his Judgment; nor should they find him a Shechem, to pass over into a New Religion for a Wife, Gen. 34. The other Motion he accepted this way, He would go for England to perfect the Articles there, and let them do the like at Rome. Olivarez admired at his Reply, but took it up with this Answer, That to be gone so soon, and nothing Model'd to the Content of any side, would be a Breach; therefore he humbly besought his Highness to stay but Twenty Days, and he swore by all the Saints of Heaven, then he was sure it would be a Marriage. The Duke of Buckingham standing by, said, It is well, but it might have been as well Seven years ago: Which put the Condé to a great Anger, and in his Anger made him Fome out a Secret, That there was no Match intended Seven Months ago; and says he, I will fetch that out of my Desk that shall assure you of it. So he produced a Letter, written to one Don Baltasar, with King Philip III. his own Hand, as he Vowed. The Prince was allowed to Read it then as much as he would, but not to take a Copy, (all this was declared to the next Parliament in the Banquetting-House:) His Highness, with Sir Wal. Aston, better Skill'd in the Castilian Language, Translated the Letter, as their Memories would bear it away, and kept it for a Monument. This is the Letter which I think Mr. Prinn was the first that divulged, out of the Lord Cottington 's Papers, which he had Ransack'd. Whether it were a true Letter of King Philip 's lies upon Olivarez Credit, (it never came out of his Custody) or whether the Prince and Sir W. Aston mist nothing of the right Sense of it, through Frailty of Memory, when they came to Recollect the Sum of it in private, is not yet decided. Solomon alluding to the Contradictions that are in some Men's Parables, says, They are like the Legs of the Lame, that are not equal, Prov. 26.7. Let the best Bone-setter in the Hundred set these Legs even if he can. An Authentical Notary in Spain, Condé Olivarez shows it under Black and White, that Philip, the Father of the Infanta, who died Anno 1621, held our King in Hopes, but never intended to give his Daughter to the Prince of Wales. Hear the Evidence of the other side: His Highness Remembered the Parliament, That Sir Wal. Aston was struck Mute at the Reading of the Letter; for upon the Death of the late King of Spain, being sent from his Master our Sovereign to the King of Spain that now is, to understand his Mind upon the Treaty of Marriage; he received this Chearful Answer, That he was sorry he had not the Honor to begin it, but now he would pursue it with all Alacrity. The Earl of Bristol is another Witness, Cab. p. 27. I insisted that Two Millions for the Portion were by the last King settled, and agreed with me. That this King had undertaken to pursue the Business as it was left by his Father, and to make Good whatsoever he had promised; Thereupon I desired that the Original Papers and Consultoes of the last King might be seen; which very honestly by the Secretary Cirica were produced; and appeared to be such, that I dare say there was not any Man that saw them, that doubteth of the last Kings real Intention of making the Match: So I leave these Contradictions to blush at the sight of one another: But to me, Olivarez his Fidelity is the Leg that halts. For as Tully said of Roscius, the Comoedians Adversary, Quod sibi probare non possit, id persuadere alteri conatur, he could never persuade that vigorously to another which he disbelieved himself. It is a tedious thing to be tied to Treat with one that cares not for his own Honor, nor regards his Modesty with whom he Treats. I mean that same Person, that Bashaw of King Philip, the Condé Duke, who entramel'd as many Devices as his Pate could bring together, to raise a Dust; and made Demands merely to satisfy his own Pride, that he might boast he had asked them, though his discretion taught him that he could never obtain them. When Sir Fr. Cottington returned to Madrid with the great Article, procured to suspend the Penal Statutes of England in favor of Recusants, he presented it to the Condé, and expected, as the Casttlian Phrase is, Las Albricias, a reward for bringing of good News; the Condé stoop'd not so low as to give Thanks; but, having perused the Paper, told Sir Francis, it would be expected the Prince should Negotiate a plain Toleration; for the Protestants that endured that which was in his Hand, would patiently endure more. Sir Francis Answered him with the Old Simile, That his Lordship was no good Musician, for he would peg the Minikin so high, till it cracked. Concerning his Attemptings upon the Prince, my supply is out of private Letters that came from Friend to Friend. The Condé had Oblig'd his Honor to his Highness, when he came First to the Court of Spain, never to meddle with him about his Religion. He kept not his promise; but solicited his Highness, that as he loved his Soul, he would return to England a Catholic in his Sense. Well my Lord, says the Prince, You have broken your Word with me, but I will not break my Faith with God. Another time he besought his Highness to afford his Company at a Solemn Mass; No Sir, says the Prince, I will do no ill, nor the suspicion of it. Once more this Idern told his Highness, that he would accomplish all that he could desire from the Crown of Spain, if he would profess himself a Son of the Roman Church; he should not only carry home the bravest Lady for Beauty, Birth, and Virtue that was; but be made as great a King in Riches and Power as was in Europe. But as the Prophet says, Isa. 63.5. Excandiscentia mea fulcivit me, my Fury it upheld me; so the Prince was heated at the Offer, and gave this provocation to him that had provoked him, that it was such a another Rhadomontade, as the Devil made to Christ, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and Worship me. Next to matters of Religion, the stiffest thing that was tugg'd for in this Month, was about the Restitution of the Palatinate. The Secretary of the Elector came to Madrid with Letters to the Duke about it, which were not first imparted to the King his Father-in-Law. But all that shall be drawn up into one Process in the Transactions of August.

155. But in all Disputes for Sacred or secular Matters, the Ministers of our King were the more Naked and Unarm'd, when they came to the push of the Spanish Subtleties, because they kept not the correspondence with themselves. If my Lord of Buckingham could have fashioned his mind to draw the same yoke with the Earl of Bristol, who was most conversant upon the place, and best knew the Arts of that Nation, success had been more Fortunate. But those Civil Discords were the Cause of many disorders and incivilities. Therefore the King imposed on the Lord Keeper, to use his Pen once more to reconcile them, which he did not fail to do the very next day, which was his Majesty's Remove to begin the Western Progress.

July 22.

May it please your Grace,

I would not be troublesome with this Second Letter, but chiefly to let your Grace know, that you never stood in your Life more uprightly in his Majesty's Favor, then at this instant; and that I shall need to pour out no other Prayers unto God, but for the continuation of the same. For God's sake Write to my Lord Hamilton, and acquaint his Lordship with some Passages of your Affairs. For myself I shall be content to Rove, and guess at them. And I hope your Grace will be pleased to pardon this Excursion, that is my running this second or third time into business, which I am told (but cannot by any means believe it) hath already drawn your Grace's Offence against me. It is a most Humble, Zealous, and earnest Petition to your Grace, to Seal up, and really confirm that agreement and reconciliation, which to the great Contentment of all your Friends (but the Regret of some among us) you have made with the Earl of Bristol. What I wrote formerly might be ill placed, and offend your Grace; but all proceeded from as true and sincere a Heart unto your Grace, as you left behind you in all this Kingdom. But the renewing of it now again hath a Root from a higher Power, who hath observed your Grace his Favor so abounding towards me; and my acknowledgments, so far as my poor ability permitteth, so returned to your Grace, that he was pleased to say unto me this Morning, upon this Theme, That he knew you would regard any Representation that I should recommend unto you. In good Faith his Majesty is more then Zealous, not only of fair Terms of Friendship, but of a near Alliance, formerly spoken of, between your Grace, and that Earl. Of whose Sufficiencies and Abilities I perceive His Majesty to retain an extraordinary good Opinion; which in all Humility I thus leave to your Lordships Wisdom and Consideration.

The Earl of Bristol had heard how the Lord Keeper had ventured to make this Pacification, and writes to him, Cab. p. 20. That the Friendship of the Duke was a thing he did infinitely desire, that he did much Esteem the good Offices his Lordship bad done therein, but that he conceived that any motion he had made in that kind, had been despised, rather then received with Thankfulness.

156. He might have said more then despised; for they were received with that sad Interpretation, that upon it the Duke removed his Affections from the Lord Keeper forever; quite contrary to Solon's Rule, neither to choose a Friend suddenly, nor to loose him suddenly. But after all the Lord Keepers Faithfulness, and that he watched the good of the Dukes Affairs in his absence, with as much tenderness, as a Nurse doth a sucking Child at her Breast, his Grace resolved to pluck down the highest Roof of his Dignity, as soon as he could. Nor was he the surer to escape that Anger for fair Words. Tacitae magis & occultae inimicitiae timendae sunt, quàm indictae & apertae. Cic. 7. Verrin. Yet the threatening broke out by one man, who was glad to cherish it. For Sir John Michel did not hide it, that my Lord Mandevile, Lord President of the Council, showed him a Letter from Spain, assuring that the first Action the Duke would Embark himself in when he came home, should be to remove him out of his Place, Cab. p. 89. With which the threatened party was not much daunted, knowing what a Master he served; that King, whose Speech uttered at Sterling at fourteen years of Age, hath Wisdom becoming one of forty, Spotwoods p. 288.

The Duke was a generous, and incorrupt Patron; an exactor of great Duty from those he preferred, or a great Enemy. Let him allow himself what he could ask for all his Favors, this Man was ready to pay him. If he would be deceived by crafty Underminers into the distrust of his truest Friend, when he could not serve him in unfit ways, the fault is in the want of his Grace's insight, or inconstancy. But as I find it in the Posthumous Meditation of the most Noble Lord Capel, p. 21. Favor is a fine Thred, which will scarce hold one tug of a crafty Tale-bearer. The Observator on H. L. lights upon this Quarrel (I do not pursue the Lord Keepers Enemies: But if I meet them I will not shun them) Thus, He being Drunk with Wormwood; Lam. 3.15. That he had done many ill Offices to the Duke, when he was in Spain p. 36. Many? and yet Name none? If he will pick his Ears clean from the filth of Hatred, I will tell him what my Lord Duke took to be ill Offices. The First Displeasure (and never laid down) was, That the knowledge came to the King by his means, who those Gentlemen were, that importuned his Grace by their Expresses sent into Spain, to rend the Treaty of the Match in sunder, or to Act against it with all Wit and Power. The accused Lord protested upon his Salvation he was not the Discoverer. The acclearment is fair, and the Proof nothing; who is able to make Answer to Jealousy, that grows out of the Mud of a man's Brain, like a Bull-rush? I will Relate what the Earl of Rutland, the Duke's Father-in-Law, returned again, when he had gone between them often to dismount this Objection; that the Duke said, Whensoever I Disagree with him, he will prove himself to be in the Right; and though I could never detect him hitherto to be Dishonest, I am afraid of his Wit. The Second Offence taken was, That he would have persuaded the Duke into a good Opinion of the Earl of Bristol; and Reason for it; because he would have kept his Lordship in a good Opinion with the King. To which all his Allies, all that Studied him, all that Honor'd him, did not contribute so much, nor had the King's Ear so much as he had to effect it. To sit Heraclides his Adagy to him, Nemo been merito bovem immolavit, praeter Phariam. He was another Pharias, that offered the best Sacrifice to that Lord, that had deserved the best of him. When I find the King had his part in that which was so ill taken anent the Earl of Bristol, I can find no blame in it. But if it had been an Error, it was a sanctified one, to labor to convert Enmities unto Love unfeigned. And should a Talent of Anger be weighed against a Grain of Offence? There was no Error; there was no Offence, but that Infelicity which the Wise Man Bias observed to be in such Cases. The Third Scandal was, That he set forward the Treaty of the Marriage with Oars, and Sails of Ingeny and Industry. A new Crime Gaius Caesar, and never heard before. He was a Servant in it. He was Conjur'd unto the Care of it by the King; and he was as Trusty to it, as the Soul of his Majesty could wish. The best Head-piece of our Council in Spain looked upon him as the chief Adjutant, Cab. p. 23. Thus the Earl of Bristol: The Duke was fallen, by the wyliness of others, and by his own willfulness, into a contrary Motion; when the Lord Keeper saw the Councils of his greatest Friend esloigned from those of his dread Sovereign, he had been a Beast if he had not given the Right Hand to Loyalty. Patrem primum, postea Patronum proximum nomen habere, says Cato in A. Gel. lib. 5. A King is a common Father; Observance is due to thy Father first, and afterward to thy Patron.

157. Yet why should things subordinate be at odds, as if they were contraries? The lesser Circle is not opposite, but within the greater. Moses, and his Minister Joshua, the King and his Choicest Servants, are not Represented as two, but as one person to Allegiance. The Lord Keeper held fast to them both, that both might hold fast to themselves; nor would he leave the Duke to his own •• king, as far as the King dislik'd him; but persisted to displease him into the good Opinion of his Majesty. Vera amicitia est idem velle, & idem nolle, says •• elius. If this young unforeseeing Lord should persist to hate that which the King loved, his vigilant Counselor knew, that the King would use him no longer a Friend, but would remove him from that privacy wherein he had bred him. This, and much more, was prosecuted in August.

In the Language of Old Latium, August, and Sacred signified the same. 'Twere good if it would prove so now. But it began with discontent on every side, and never mended. Our Wise King no longer smothered his Passion, but confessed at sundry times a great fault in himself, that he had been so improvident, to send the Duke on this Errand with the Prince, whose bearing in Spain was ill Reported by all that were not partial. He put the bafful so affectedly upon the Earl of Bristol at every turn, that those Propositions which his Majesty had long before approved with deep Wisdom, and settled with the Word of Honor, were struck out by my Lord of Buckingham, only because Bristol had presented them. Nay, if the Prince began to qualify the unreasonableness, he would take the Tale out of his Highness's Mouth, and over-rule it; and with such youthful and capricious Gestures, as became not the lowly Subjection due to so great a Person, but least of all before Strangers. It was an Eye-sore to the Spaniards above any people, who speak not to their King, and the Royal Stems of the Crown, without the Complement of Reverence; nor approach unto them without a kind of Adoration. The more the Prince endured it, the more was their judgment against it. For every Mouth was filled with his Highness's Praise, and nothing thought wanting in him to be absolutely good and Noble, but to know his own Birth and Majesty better, and to keep more distance from a Subject. So the Earl of Bristol Writes Cab. p. 20.

For how much their gall Super-abounded against that Lord, the same Earl could not hold to write it to the Lord Keeper, bearing Date August 20. One thing that filled up the Character of my Lord Duke before in this Work was, that he had much of the brave Alcibiades in him: In this they differ; that Plutarch 's Alcibiades suited himself so well, to the Manners and Customs of all Courts, where he came, that he gave satisfaction to all Princes; and they were best pleased with him, that most enjoyed him. The great Lord Villiers was not so Fortunate; for he thrived not in the Air of Madrid; and he brooked the Air of Paris as ill, about two years after upon the like Occasion. And no marvel. For as Catulus said of Pompey in Paterculus, Praeclarus vir Cn. Pompeius, sed reipub. liberae nimius. So this Lord was a worthy Gentleman, but too big to be one in a Free Treaty with other Ministers. The Lord Keeper, who was the Socrates to this Alcibiades, had Noted his Lordships Errors, and unbeseeming Pranks before. For which he looked for no better, then he that rubs a Horse that is gaul'd. Yet he resolved to shoot another Arrow the same way, that the former went; though the Duke had threatened to break his Bow as soon as he came Home. But he was too prudent to be scared from doing Duty to so great a Friend. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , says Aristotle. He is neither Wise nor Faithful, but a Flatterer, that denies his Spirit ingenious Freedom. And it is a Speech worthy of Sir Ph. Sidney, which the Lord Brooke ascribes to him, Pag. 42. of his Life: That he never found Wisdom, where he found not Courage. Therefore the Lord Keeper writes to the Duke, Aug. 3. of which this is the Moral, to him that reads it intelligently. That no Man living can keep Favor, who keeps not Conditions that merit to perpetuate Favor.

This was bold, but faithful and ingenious Dealing: The Duke's last Messenger, whom he sent into England, before he arrived, Sir J. Hipsley, gave him a touch of the same, Cab. P. 316. For God's-sake carry the Business with Patience betwixt my Lord of Bristol and you. And again in the same— For God's-sake make what hast you may Home, for fear of the worst: For the King's Face began to gather Clouds upon the Quarrel between his Ministers in Spain, which did so much disturb the Match. Sir John Hipsley, and such as he, the Duke could pass them over for rash Writers, but he would never forgive it to the Lord Keeper, who invited him to see his Errors. But like old Galesus in Virgil, Aen. 7. who was knocked down while he went between the Latins and Trojans to reconcile them.

So it happened to him that pleaded in this Mediation, to be offered upon the Sacrifice, and Service of making Love.

159. Nevertheless, to draw out the Thread of Favor to more length, which the Duke had with the King, and that the Destinies might not cut it off, the Lord Keeper wrote to his Majesty upon Sir John Hipsley 's Arrival in the midst of August, That he had heard more of the Duke's most laudable Diligence in Spain, from Sir John, than ever he could learn before; that Malice itself could not but commend his Zeal, and that Humanity could not but pity the Toil he had, to reduce that intricate and untoward Business of the Palatinate to some good Success. He might well call them intricate and untoward, for the Spanish Motions were circular Nothings, much about, and nothing to the Point. Most true it is, that the Articles anent the Marriage were drawn up, and restricted to some Heads and Numbers (though not perfected) three years before the Emperor had entered into the Palz with any Hostility. Therefore the Spaniards disputed thus; Bring not the motion of it into this Treaty, as a thing born out of due time. What were it else, but, as the Proverb says, Extra chorum saltare, to Dance well, but quite out of the measure of the Mascarata? We answered, if things had been, as they are now, at the beginning, this had then been a principal Capitulation. Nor had we honerated the Articles with a new Proposition, unless themselves, that is, the House of Austria, had cast us into the Gulf of a new Extremity. Reduce the King and his Posterity to the same Peace they were in, when we began to treat, and we ask no more. But as Seneca says, Lib. 4. de ben. c. 35. Omnia esse debent eadem quae fuerant cum promitterem, ut promittentis fidem teneas. But upon so great a Change, there is neither Inconstancy, nor Encroachment, to fall into new Consultations. For all this, though nothing but Pertinacy durst stand the Breath of so much Truth, the others came no nearer to us, but kept further off, affirming (as it is in the Report made at St. James 's) that they conceived our King expected no Restitution at all for his Son and Daughter, and that they supposed his Majesty had already digested that bitter Potion. We told them, they must not dissemble before us, as if they knew not the Contrary. For his Majesty never intermitted to rouse up their Ambassadors to give him a fair Answer about it; and had stopped the Treaty of the Match, if they had not opened the Way by Protestation made in the Faith of their King, that the Palatinate should be rendered up with Peaceable Possession. What Shape could Olivarez put on now? none but his own: a stately Impudency. For he told us in the broad Day-light, that all former Promises, spoken before the Prince's Coming, whether by Ambassadors to our King, or by Count Gondamar, to my Lord of Bristol and others, were but Palabras de cumplimiento, Gratifications of fine Words, but no more to be taken hold of, than the Fables and Fictions of Greece before the Wars of Theseus. The Prince came over him at this with a blunt Anger, that if there were no more Assurance in their Word, it was past the Wit of Man to know what they meant; but he would tell them really his Father's, and his own Meaning, That without his Sister's, and her Husband's Inheritance restored, they neither intended Marriage nor Friendship. When King Philip had heard with what Courage and Determination his Highness had spoken, like Caesar in Velleius, Se virtute suâ, non magnitudine hostium metiens, it put that King and his Counsel to a middle-way, as they called it, To treat upon the old Articles, and no other, as falling perpendicularly on the Marriage, but to take into a concurrent Deliberation, the Restitution of the Prince Elector's Country. Let Metaphysical States-men scratch their Heads, and find a real Distinction, if they can, between these Formalities. Yet Sir Walter Aston followed them in that Way, and paid them in the same Coin with this Distinction, Cab. P. 38. That the King his Master pressed for the Restitution of the Palatinate, and Electoral Dignity to the Prince, his Son-in-Law, not as a Condition of the Marriage, but to be settled together with the Marriage —And again, Not as a Condition, but as a Fruit and Blessing of the Alliance—And to make the Coming of the Excellent Princess, the Infanta, of more Esteem to his Subjects, bringing with her (beside the Glory of her own Virtue and Worth) the Security of a perpetual Peace and Amity. These were Punctilio's in Honor, but just Nothings in Wisdom; the Cause of the Palatinate must not be tempered at the same Forge, but apart, not a Rush was gotten by it, and time wasted; for our Ministers were resolved to conclude neither, unless they perfected both.

160. The Sennor Duca Olivarez made such Work upon this Theme, and turned it into so many Forms, that it makes him ridiculous in the History,

And so disastrous a Counselor, through his Variableness, that it was his Fault that caused a Distrust in the main, as wise Spotswood says, Pag. 544. The Prince conceived there was nothing really intended on the King of Spain 's Part, but that the Treaty was entertained only till he (and the House of Austria ) had reduced Germany into their Power, which might be suspected without Injury, by looking upon this Vertumnus in all his Changings. Seven Months before the Prince took his Journey, and came to cast the Die upon the whole Stake, to win or loose all, Mr. End. Porter was sent to Spain, and spake with the great Condé, who snapped him up, and gave him this unkind Welcome in a Chase, That they neither meant the Match, nor the Restitution of the Palatinate. Presently the Earl of Bristol gave him a Visit, and a Discourse about it: In a trice he winds himself out of his former Fury, and vows he would do his best to further both. The next Discovery breaks out by Mr. Sanderson 's Diligence, Pag. 540. in a Letter of the Condé's to King Philip, Novemb. 8. 1622. That the King of Great Britain affected the Marriage of his Son with the Infanta, and was more engaged for the Palatinate— And as a Maxim, I hold these two Engagements in him to be inseparable—For us, though we make the Marriage, we must fail in the other—Then you will be forced to a War with England, with which, all Convenencies, that were formerly thought upon, will cease. The Remedy which he propounds, to fail without all these Shelves, I never did light upon out of this Letter. 'It is thus— The Emperor, as your Majesty knows by his Embassador, desires to Marry his Daughter with the King of England' s Son; and I doubt not but he will be glad to Marry his Second Daughter to the Palatine's Son—So all the Conventencies of Alliance will be as full in this—For it accommodates the Matter of the Palatinate, and the Succession of his Grand-Children without Blood or Treasure. Here is a new Bride appointed for his Highness, the eldest Daughter of the Emperor, which is unlikely to be intended, because it comes from none but such an Author as Olivarez, and in as much as when Count Suartzenburg came about eighteen Months before Embassador to our King from Caesar, this was not moved at that Oportunity, and when the Prince came to Spain, no shadow of it remained, but it was vanished like a Morning-mist before the Sun. Now follow their Whimsies and their In and Outs at the Consulto, when the Prince was among them. The first Onset that Olivarez gave, was, And within this Charm they kept us long, till we were weary with their Obstinacy, and sat down a while, as when Boys Scourge a great Top till they make it sleep. At last, the Prince's Highness, offended that he could gain nothing by this Alliance for his dear Sister's Good, offered to give King Philip a Farewell, that he might look timely at Home for the Relief of her Misery. On this, no man courts his Highness to stay, so much as Olivarez; and to slacken his Return, revives the Consult of the Restitution, promiseth the strongest Mediation that the King his Master could make with the Imperialists and Bavarians; which if it were rejected (but they hoped better) he would be forward, for his Part, to stir up his Catholic Majesty to give his Brother, the King of England, Assistance by Arms, to procure him his Satisfaction. Yet, whatsoever he said, his Heart lay a thought farther, and he had a Trick to redeem himself out of this Promise; for he told his Highness, in a Weeks space after, that he found their Nation so linked to the Love of the House of Austria, that they would never march cheerfully into the Field against it. For all this the Weather-cock turned, and he was affrighted in a moment into a good Mind again. So did his Highness report at St. James 's, that a false Alarum being brought to Madrid, that Count Tilly, with his whole Body of Foot and Horse, was routed in Germany, instantly the Condé Duke came, with as much Fear as Hast, unto the Prince, and with as much Lowliness as his Knee upon the Ground, vowed he would give him a Blank for the Restitution of the Palsgrave's Interest; but when the Second (that is, the worst) News came, that the Duke of Brunswick was quite defeated, the Mood was changed with the Man, and he spake as loftily from that Matter, as if the great Armada had been failing again upon our British Ocean. Into how many Paces did Hipocrisie put him? Sincerity would have got him Honor, dispatch the Work, and saved him all this Trouble; for with the same Study, nay, with far less, men may attain to be such as they ought to be, which they mis-spend, in seeking to be such as they are not, Quibus id persuasum est, ut nihil mallent se esse quàm bonos viros, iis reliquam facilem esse doctrinam Cic. de orat. lib. 3. After that great Don Jasper had put himself to the Expence of all this Folly, he riveted in two Straws more like than Wedges, to cleave the Knot. First, Let the Marriage be Consummated, and then despair not but the Princess Infanta would beg the Palatinate with her earnest Prayers, that she might be received with Honor and Applause among her Husband's People. That is, Seal their Patent, and we shall have an empty Box to play with. Or else marry the Lady, and leave her behind, till the Business for the Palsgrave's Patrimony were accommodated, which is like Velez 's Trick in Gusman of Alfarach, to 〈◊〉 away both the Bride, and the Bride-Cake. The great Projector held close to one Proposition at the last, that since Prince Frederick the Elector, had highly offended Caesar, in the Attempt, and Continuance of it, in the Matter of Boh • mia no Account should be had of his Person, but Restitution should be made to his Eldest Son, by Marrying the Second Daughter of the Emperor; in which Clause the Prince concurred. But the Sting in the Tail was, that he should be bred up in the Emperor's Court, to mold him into a Roman Catholic. Upon which his Highness broke off, the Earl of Bristol (as a sharp Letter chargeth him, written by the Prince, Cab. Pag. 17.) swallowing down that Difficulty at a Gulp, because without some such great Action, neither Marriage nor Peace could be had. But Sir Wal. Aston flew back, saying, He durst not give his Consent for fear of his Head. Now we have the Duke Olivarez in all his Party-colors, who knew that the Breach of Alliance with England would be transcendently ill for Spain, yet he would hazard a Mischief, unless he might tear a Princely Limb from the Protestant Religion not unlike to the Paeotlans in Justin, lib. 8. Tanto edio Pho • sunn ardentes, ut obliti cladium 〈◊〉 , perire ipsi, q • àm non perdere eos praeaptarent. How the Duke Olivarez smoothed it, a Letter of his, which would make a Pamphlet for the length, will manifest, which to this day hath lain in Obscurity, but is worthy to come abroad. It follows—

163. This long, riddling, non-concluding Letter, (such another as Tiberius the Emperor wrote from Capree to the Senate for the Trial of Sejanus ) is not endorsed. I conceive it was sent to Mr. Edward Clerke, who was sent from the Prince on Shipboard to the Earl of Bristol, to stop the Powers he had for the dispatch of the expected Desposories, this was put into his Hand against he returned for England. But what is it worth if it were to be sold? Scarce two of their Maravedies; and we requited them with that which came to as little as one of our Farthings. We had looked after the Re-possession of the Palatinate till our Eyes aked; and to feed them with a taste of their own Provender, a long-breathed Delay, we made their Ambassadors in London tarry for the Indulgences, which their Clients in Religion hoped for, till their Hearts aked. It is opened sufficiently before, that his Majesty's End in subscribing to the Articles in favor of the Papists his Subjects was, to second his Son in that which he had begun in Spain, to bring him out of the Briars from thence. The Ambassadors plied the Concession of the Articles very diligently, that their Party might enjoy the sweetness of the Benefit. For better is the sight of the Eyes, than the wandering of the Desire, Eccles. 6.9. It fell out well that the King, never intermitting a Summers Progress, was out of the way. So the Management of the Business fell upon the Lord Keeper, not by Usurpation, but by Merit, and by Necessity too. For, whatsoever his Majesty pretended, he gave the Keeper a secret Rule, to go no faster than needs, and to do no more prejudice than was unavoidable. A Regiment of Plots would hardly be enough to be drawn up together to win that Enterprise; though a good Sconce overcame all. Men's bona, si qua Dea es, tua me in sacraria dona, says a Heathen. As all costly Oyntments have Oil mixed with them, so Wisdom persumes all Undertakings, as this under the File will demonstrate. The Ambassador used their Counsel Learned in our Laws to draw up the effect, of that they had obtained, as near as could be to his Majesty's Mind. Which was brought to the Lord Keeper; who told them, The Papers were unsatisfactory; they had proceeded indeed by the Articles signed in the private Lodgings at Whitehal; but the private Articles show only the extent of his Majesty's Grace and Favor in the substance; not at all the Manner and Form how they shall be conveyed; which must be chalked out by a new and immediate Warrant from his Majesty. This held dispute till the 10th of August, his Majesty being at Salisbury; where Directions past to liquidate the Doubts, how the Kings Grants should be applied, called from that place the Articles of Salisbury. For which the Agents of the Ambassadors were to resort to the Earl of Carlisle, and Mr. Secretary Conway, attending in the Progress, and the Patents to be filled up with them by the Discretion of the Lord Keeper, Lord Treasurer, Mr. Secretary Calvert, Sir Richard Weston Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Attorney-General, Sir Th. Coventry attending, who were to sit at Whitehal for the more easy Expedition. Time is given to draw up Copies of new Draughts. Interea aliquid fiet spero, says the Comick. In these Intervals who could tell, but somewhat might fall out to cross all? On the 18th of August the Lord Keeper sends the Form of the Pardon drawn up to the King at Beawlie, to save the Recusants from all Advantages the Laws might take for the time past; and a Dispensation to keep them indemnified from the same for the time to come. But an Item was given, to bring the Dispensation lame back, that his Majesty should signify his Royal Will, That the Pardon should go under the Great Seal, the Dispensation under the Privy Seal: This from Beawlie, Aug. 21. And there was a Colour for it out of the Agreements of Salisbury subtly drawn up. For the second Article says, That a Legal Authentical Pardon shall be past under the Great Seal: And in the seventh Article, There shall be a present Suspension of his Majesty's Laws under his Seal. The word Great was willfully omitted to puzzle the Transaction. But after the Spanish part had debated with the Lord Keeper in Reason, he writes to Secretary Conway at Tichburn, Aug. 25. That he confessed a Dispensation from the Poenal Statutes could not be pleaded, but under the Great Seal. The Business got off in that Point, but it hung upon another Tentar. He writes again to Mr. Secretary then at Broad-lands, Aug. 27. That it troubled him much he was enforced to such often Replies, but the Weight of the Business would excuse it. He says, He was not instructed from the Articles of Salisbury, from what Day the Dispensation was to begin, and how far it was to be limited in time to come; from what time those are to be excluded that do not lay hold of it. To which answer was given; but always the Dial stood. Once again he demur'd upon the Dispensation, which says, That the Papists Convict shall not pay their Forfeiture for not coming to Church, nor be Indicted for not taking the Oaths of Supremacy and Allegiance; whether it was not fit to divide these in several Styles and Expressions. It was returned, and dictated from the Kings Lips; The first Breach of the Laws should be signified to be absolutely pardoned; The latter should go in another Form, that it should not be questioned, and Mr. Attorney to provide accordingly for Legal Notions. When the Lord Keeper had done with the Living, he began with the Dead; and scrupled how their Dead should be Interr'd, so as to give no offense, nor be obnoxious to be offended. The Resolution was brought to him that sent it, That their Burials should be in their private Houses, as secret as might be, and without any sign of Manifestation; but Notice to be given to the Parish-Clerk of their departure.

164. Never was Man so entangled in an Els-lock all this while, that could not be unravell'd, as Marquis Inoiosa, till he published his Choler in all sorts of Impatiency. The Reader may take in so small a matter by the way, that the Writer of these Passages said to the Lord Keeper, That the Marquis was the most surly, unpleasing Man that ever came to his House. His Lordship answered, They were his Manners by Nature: But he had been so vain to profess, That he came an Enemy to us into England; and for this Dowty Cause: His Father was a Page to King Philip the Second, while he lived here with Queen Mary, and was discourteously used in our Court, perhaps by the Pages. Which was a Quarrel of Seventy Years old, and bearing date before the Marquis was born. Which will cause a Passage of Dionysius the Tyrant of Sicily to be remembered, who had robbed and spoiled some of the Islands under the Protection of Athens; and when the Injury was expostulated, he told them, Their Countryman Ulysses had used the Sicilians worse 700 Years before, as he believed it to be very true in Homer. This Ambassador was a restless Man, and held the Lord Keeper so close to turn and plow up the fallow of this Business, that he would not give him the Jubilee of a Day to rest. Yet the time, do what he could, had run at waste from the 20th of July, to the end of August. Then, and no sooner, the Frames of the Pardon and Dispensation were contrived and dispatched. Yet the Mill would not go with this Water. The Ambassadors called for more: That two general Commands should be issued forth under the Great Seal, the first to all the Judges and Justices of Peace; the other to all Bishops, Chancellors, and Commissaries not to execute any Statute made against the Papists. Hereupon the Spanish Faction was suspected, that they had no hopes to bring some secret Drifts to pass, but by raising a general hatred against our Government. The Lord Keeper repulsed the Motion, and wrote to the King being at Aldershot, That whatsoever Instance the Ambassador makes to the contrary, there was no reason why his Majesty's Wisdom should give place to them. He propounded, That a private Warrant might be directed to himself, to will him to write to the respective Magistrates fore-named, to acquaint them with the Graces which his Majesty had past for Recusants in that Exigence, and to suspend their Proceeding till they heard further. For as the Civilians say, Cessant extraordinaria, ubi ordinariis est locus. Thus he contrived it, that the King, as much as might be, should escape the Offence, and let the Rumour light upon his private Letters. For which he never put the King to stand between the People, and his Error; nor besought him to excuse it to the next Parliament: But as Mamertinus in Paneg. said of his own Consulship, Non modo nullum popularium deprecatus sum, sed ne te quidem Imperator, quem orare praeclarum, cui preces adhibere plenissimum dignitatis est. Yet lest the Ambassador should complain of him to the Prince in Spain, he writes to the Duke, Cab. P. 8. Aug. 30.

THat he had prevailed with the Lord's to stop that vast, and general Prohibition, and gave in three Days Conference such Reasons to the two Ambassadors, (although it is no easy matter to satisfy the Capriciousness of the latter of them) that they were both content it should rest, till the Infanta had been six Months in England. For to forbid Judges against their Oath, and Justices of Peace (sworn likewise) not to execute the Law of the Land, is a thing unprecedented in this Kingdom. Durus sermo, a harsh and bitter Pill to be digested upon a sudden, and without some Preparation. But to grant a Pardon even for a thing that is malum in se; and a Dispensation with Poenal Statutes, (in the profit whereof the King only is interested) is usual, full of Precedents, and Examples. And yet this latter only serves to the Safety, the former but to the Glory and Insolency of the Papists, and the magnifying the service of the Ambassadors, too dearly purchased with the endangering of a Tumult in three Kingdoms. His Majesty useth to speak to his Judges and Justices of Peace by his Chancellor, or Keeper, as your Grace well knoweth. And I can signify his Majesty's Pleasure unto them with less Noise and Danger, which I mean to do hereafter, if the Ambassador shall press it to that effect, unless your Grace shall from his Highness, or your own Judgment direct otherwise. That whereas his Majesty being at this time to Mediate for Favor to many Protestants in Foreign Parts, with the Princes of another Religion, and to sweeten the Entertainment of the Princess into this Kingdom, who is yet a Roman Catholic, doth hold the Mitigation of the Rigour of those Laws made against Recusants, to be a necessary Inducement to both those Purposes, and hath therefore issued forth some Pardons of Grace and Favor to such Roman Catholics, of whose Fidelity to the State he rests assured. That therefore you the Lord Bishops, Judges and Justices, (each of those to be written to by themselves) do take Notice of his Majesty's Pardon, and Dispensation, with all such Poenal Laws, and demean yourselves accordingly.

This is the lively Character of him that wrote it, Policy mixed with Innocency. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , says Nazianzen, Cunning enough, yet not divided from Conscience: For Wit, when it is not sheathed, as it were, in the fear of God, will cut like a sharp Razor.

165. All his Art would be required to reconcile two things: That the Ambassador should be put off no longer, (for so the King had now commanded by Dispatches from both the Secretaries;) And that he would finish nothing, till he had heard either his Highness, or the Duke's Opinion upon the Proceeding. The general Pardon, and the Dispensation were both sealed: So he began. But kept them by him, and would not open the least Window to let either Dove or Raven fly abroad. The King being returned to Windsor, signification was given, that none of the Lord's should come to him, till he sent for them, and was ready for Matters of moment. No Superstructure could go on very fast, when that Stone was laid. From Windsor, Sept. 5. Sir G. Calvert writes to him, My very good Lord, His Majesty being resolved to extend his Gracious Favor to the Roman Catholics, signifies his Pleasure, That your Lordship should direct your Letter to the Bishops, Judges, &c. to forbear any Moleslation of his said Subjects in respect of their Religion. To send them forth with as much speed, as conveniently may be, that his Majesty may be freed from the Complaints of the Ambassadors. Thrice again he was charged with the same Command. To all which he answered, He could do nothing without a private Warrant for it, and that it was not possible to be agreed upon, till he spake with his Majesty. On the 6th of September, the same Secretary writes again, That an Exemplification of the Pardon should be delivered to the Ambassadors under the Great Seal. That's not hard to be done: But upon what Limits and Conditions? So the Lord Keeper rejoyns. Sir G. Calvert is troubled again to satisfy that Scruple, That no Copy of it should go out to any of the Roman Catholics, nor any of them be permitted to sue out their Pardons, until his Majesty's Pleasure be further known. This came Sept. 8. The Lord Keeper held back yet, till he knew what Assurance he should have from the Ambassadors to keep those Conditions: Which held a Contest till Sept. 19. When Mr. Secretary Conway writes from Theobalds, His Majesty's Pleasure is, That you deliver unto the Marquis Inoiosa an Exemplification of the Pardon, and Dispensation. And his Majesty would not that you should press him for a Note of his Hand for Secresie and Stanchness, for giving of Copies of the Pardon, or Dispensation, but only by Word to refresh his Memory of the faithful Promises he hath made in that Point to the King, upon which his Majesty will rely. Indeed it was ordered at Windsor, Sept. 7. as appears in a Letter of Secretary Conways, that when Marquis Iniosa had the Exemplication, (all the Crast was in Catching) that he should communicate them to none, nor give Copies of them, till we had knowledge from Spain of the Marriage, or Desponsories. There was nothing about these days that mitigated the Embassador more, than a Trick, that, in sine, did him least good. Properly, and without Levity, it may be called a Flop with a Fox-Tail. The Lord Keeper closed in with him not to be so hasty for Exemplifications, which the Clerks of the Crown must write over soft and fairly. A Matter of more weight should presently be set on foot, not of Words, but of real Benefit and Performance to his Party, and to the Choice of them, a Pardon for the Romish Priests that were imprisoned; about which there had been struggling, and yet nothing effected. As the Lord Keeper seemed forward, so (to see the ill Luck) it was cramp'd by a Letter from Sir Edward Conway, Sept. 6. Dat. Windsor.

166. Of these three Caveats, entered to modifie the Liberty which was Petitioned for, and promised to the Priests, the middlemost was a brave one, wherein the Lord Keeper revenged himself on Inoiosa, for all his Forwardness. It aimed at one man, Mr. — Preston, a Secular Priest, Honest, and rarely Learned: The Author of the Works under the Name of Roger Widrington, for the Oath of Allegiance. The Author of that solid Piece, called The last Rejoinder to T. Fitzherbert, Bellarmine's Sculckenius, and Lessius his Singleton upon that Subject, Printed An. 1619. This Man, for his own Preservation, lay quiet in the Marshalsea, his Death being threatened by the rigid Papalins. This was he that was set forth as the only Evidence of his Majesty's Royal Mercy toward those that were in Holy Orders of that Religion, the present Pattern of his keeping Promise according to the Articles. But such a Priest as that, if Marq. Inoiosa had been consulted for his Release, perhaps he would have cried out, Not him, but Barabbas. Preston had Leave that Summer twice or thrice to come to the Lord Keeper at Nonsuch, where I saw them together discoursing as long as Leisure and Business would permit. That Interview procured the Warrant for his Pardon from the King, as followeth.

The Releasment of Preston was accordingly dispatched, the first Fruits of the Common Grace expected by others, sent as a Present to Don Inoiosa; nay, a Precedent for consequent Releasments. So Secretary Conway to the Lord Keeper, Sep. 17. His Majesty's Order to your Lordship was, That the Pardon for this one Man should be exemplified, as the Limitation and Rule to the Form of all the rest. So as without Dispute or Controversy, that was a present Poss • ssion, an Act performed by the King, to be executed alike to each one, to whom it appertains, at the Time, and upon the Conditions before specified; the Sight whereof might give the Embassador Contentment. But it was far from that, Don John the Marquis durst not say he was mocked, but he fum'd like Lime that is slack'd with Water, to see, of all the Priesthood, that man only enlarged, whom, above all, he most hated. Therefore his Violence augmented, pressed the King so far, that his Majesty caused the same Secretary to write again very roundly the next day to the Lord Keeper.

Albeit this Letter is so strict and mandatory, the Lord Keeper presumed on the King's Goodness to write a Remonstrance to Mr. Secretary Conway, flat against the Mandate; with sundry Reasons to show the high Expedience, that the Instruments demanded should not yet be delivered. To the which, on the 9th of September, Mr. Secretary sends back word.

Two Days after (see the Hand of God) September 21, a Post brought Intelligence, that the Prince was departed with fair Correspondencies from the Court of Spain, was certainly long before that time on Shipboard, and would weigh Anchor as soon as Wind and Weather served him. So in good Manners all Solicitations were hush'd, and attended his Highness's Pleasure, against he came into England. These are the Performances of the Lord Keeper upon the Immunities, which the Papists contended for to be derived to them, by the Prince's Marriage with the Daughter of Spain. Whither any States-man could have contrived them better, I leave it to be considered by the Senators of the College of Wisdom, in my Lord Bacon 's new Atlantis. If it be possible for any to disprove these excellent Excogitations of Prudence with his Censure, he will force me to say in this Lord's Behalf, what Tully did for the Pontiss of old Rome: Orat. pro resp. Aurus. Satis superque prudentes sunt, qui illorum prudentiam, non dicam ass • qui, sed quanta fuerit perspicere possint. The Collection of all the precedent Passages were gathered by that Lord himself, and stitched up into one Book, every Leaf being signed with the Hands of Sir George Calvert, and Sir Edward Conway, principal Secretaries to his Majesty. If it be asked to what end was that provided, it was to show he had a Brest-Plate, as well as an Head-Piece. It was to defend his Integrity against any Storm, that dark Days might raise about the Spanish Matters. It was a gathering thick, when my Lord of Buckingham caused Mr. Packer his Secretary to write a Letter of Defiance to him, Cab. P. 87. wherein every Penful of Ink is stronger than a Drop of Vicriol: Take a Line of it, That in the Spanish Negotiation, he had been dangerous to his Country, prejudicious to the Cause of Religion, which he above all others, should have labored to uphold. But rip up all his Actions, turn the Linings outward, show any Stain-Spot in his Fidelity, in his Innocency, chiefly, in his Maintainance of the Reformed Religion. Therefore he met the Lord Duke courageously, Pag. 89. I do not in the least beg or desire from your Grace, any Defense of me, if it shall appear I betrayed my King, or my Religion, in Favor of the Papist, or did them any real Respect at all, beside ordinary Complement. Therefore I appeal to all Posterity, who shall read this Memorial, how a Minister in his Office, and entrusted with the whole weight of such a ticklish Negotiation, could come off better, with more Honor, with l • ss Prejudice? Photios, in his Biblioth. says of Saluslius the Cynic, that he was a worthy Man; but 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . He had listed himself into that Sect of Philosophy, which was carved out, or exposed to Reproach and Contumi • y. So this noble Counselor was as Harmless as he was Wise, as Honest as he was Active. But the Business which he underwent for his great Master and the Prince, was Planetstruck with an ill Opinion of many, and could look for no Thanks, but from a few that were the Wisest.

167. Especially most circumspect and diligent Endeavors, if superior Providence hath decreed to make them barren, shall not be pitied (as they deserve) but be insulted upon, because they cannot reach their End. The best Angler that is, we commonly think he fish'd ill, if he catched nothing. Inde plaerumque ead • m sacta modo diligentiae, modo vanitatis: modo libertatis, modo furor is nomen accipiunt, Plin. lib. 6. Ep. Lucky Success makes a Fool seem wise; and a wise man that is unfortunate, shall be called a Fool. It is a hard Task to dig into the Mines of Po • icy, when Event shall be the Measure both of Reward and Praise. Yet all this must be endured, after his Highness took his Leave of Spain, the Donna H • rmesa left behind, the Stock of Love spent, and in a while the Credit of it protested. Our King was not ill disposed to the News, that is Son made preparation to come Home. The People began to be churlish that he staid so long: And his Majesty looked for no Good from that Part of the World, while our Duke was in it. He found, that so long as he was so remote from his Tutorship, he was heady, a Novice in carrying Business, and very offensive to the Crown of Spain. The Prince was desirous to make haste from them, that would make no better haste; and could no longer endure the Pace of a dull Spanish Mule. As a weary Traveiler's Inn seems still to go further from him, so his Highness had attended long for a sweet Repose in Wedlock, till it made him impatient, and think that every Consuito cast him further back from the Fruition of his Joys. The Junto of the Spanish States-men were very magisterial, and would not bate an Inch, but that everything should be timed to a day, as they designed it. These were the Links of the Chain, by which they pluck all Power to themselves. First, A Disposorios, or Contract must go before the Marriage: For that's a Rule from which their Church doth never vary, unless good Order be broken by clandestine Marriages. To the Contract they could not go on, in this Case, till the Dispensation from the new Pope gave Authority for it. That came to Madrid, Novemb. 12. says Sir Wal. Aston, whom I believe, though others say later. The tenth day, after the Dispensation made known in the Church, let the Betrothing be Solemnized, and the tenth day after it the Marriage. Then the Prince may take his own Time to return when he will,; but the Lady could not make ready for the Seas, considering her Train that must attend her, till March. The Prince did not like the Arithmetic of this Counting-Table. More time than the first Week of September he was resolved not to spend in that Land. The Coming of the Dispensation he would not await, which might be failing thither upon the idle Lake in the Fary Queen: • oth slow and swift alike did serve their turn. To stay and Consummate the Marriage in his own Person, he knew was unfit in two Respects. He must take a Blessing from one of their Bishops in the Face of their Church, and submit to their Trinckets and Ceremonies, which he had rather hear than see. Then if the Infanta had Conceived, they would keep her, it is likely, till she was delivered: The Child must stay till it was strong to endure the Seas, so it might come to pass to be bred up and Naturalized a Spaniard in Religion and Affection. When the Clock would not go right with those Plummets, the Junto cast the ime out ino another Figure, that his Highness would, out of Courtship, wherein he excelled, and out of great Love to his Mistress, which he professed, perfect the Desponsation in his own Person, and trust no other with it; the Marriage and the Lady should follow after, that is, upon the Certificate of their Embassador out of England, that Conditions were performed there, to which the King of Great Bri • ain had engaged. To this his Highness was short, That he would linger no longer, and play at Cards in King Philip 's Palace till the Messenger with the Port-mantick came from Rome. Neither would he depend upon Ambassadors and their Reports, when the Illustrious Damosel should begin her Journey towards England. Ambassadors might certify what they pleased, and inform no more than their great Master's Counsel inspired them. At last his Highness took upon him to deside the Wrangling, and cast out the sacred Anchor from the Stern, to keep their Counsels from further Floating, that he would be burdensome to the K. of Spain no longer; the magnetick Virtue of his own Country drew him to it. Yet to confirm that he lest his Heart behind with his Beauteous and high born Mistress, he would Sign a Proxy, and Assign it to K. Philip, or his Brother Don Carlo, or either of them, which should remain in the Custody of the Earl of Bristol, that the Espousals between him and the Infanta might be ratified, within ten days after the dispensation unstopt the way unto them; and he would leave it to the Princessa to show her Cordial and Amorcuolous Affections how soon she would prepare to follow after him.

168. Which stood for a Decree; agreed, and obeyed. The King of Spain would have been glad, if the Prince might be persuaded to stay longer in his Court: But since after Six Months continuance there, his Highness defir'd to breath again in his Native Air, King Philip caused preparation to be made for it (for freedom is the Noblest part of Hospitality) and was dismissed with as much Honor, and Magnificence as he was Received. The Earl of Bri • ol, who certainly knew the day when he took his Leave, writes to the Lord Keeper Cab. p. 21. That he would begin his Journey for England the 9th of Sept. (others set it three days back) and adds, the day before, I Conceive the contract will be; which is false Printed; it should be, That the Day before, he would Sign and Seal his Procuration for the Contract; which Intelligence is Authentic being so Corrected. Now looking upon those that were the Magnificoes of Spain, when the Prince took his farewell of them, and how dear they held him, how they Voiced him beyond the Skies for the most express Image they had seen of Virtue and Generosity, methinks his Highness should have behold it with his Eyes open, and have inferred out of it, that he could not be more happy then to marry with that Blood, and to keep Friendship with that Nation. He was most Gracious in the Eyes of all, Great and under Great. Never Prince parted with such Universal Love of all, Cab. p. 16. and Bristol to the Lord Keeper, p. 21.

The most concerned was the rare Infanta, of whom says one out of the Spanish Reports Sander p 552. That she seemed to deliver up her own Heart at parting, in as high Expressions as that Language, and her Learning could, with her Honor, set out. Let not this Essay of her sweetness be forgotten, that when the Prince told her, His Heart would never be out of Anxiety, till she had passed the intended Voyage, and were safe on British Land, She Answered with a modest Blush, That if she were in danger upon the Ocean, or discompos'd in Health with the rolling brackish Waves, she would cheer up herself, and remember all the way to whom she was going. For which, she deserves to be Honor'd with Theogena the Wife of Agathocles for that saying, Se nubendo ci non prosperae tantùm, sed omnis fortunae iniisse Societatem. Just. lib. 20. When it came to the King her Brothers turn to Act his part of Royal Civility, he carried the Prince with him to his most gorgeous and spacious Structure of the Escurial. There he began, The Prince Answered, And because a drop of true meaning was better then a River of Words, his Highness, being encircled with the Noblest Witnesses of that Kingdom, produced and Read his Proxy, interpreted by the Earl of Bristol, and committed to his Charge, but first Attested to by the Hand of Secretary Cirica, as a Notary of the greatest Place. That this much passed it is certain. Much more is Reported; but it is contentious. This Obligation, intending to the Contract, was thus dispatched in the Escurial, of which let me say hereupon, as Valerius of the Senate House of Rome, lib. 6. Illam Curiam quis mortalium concilium, ac non fidei Templum dixerit? It was become, from the King's best Palace, the Temple of Faith. After this the Chase of a Stag, that was breathed well, and fell luckily, brought his Highness on his way to the Sea-side. But he stopped a little while at a Magnificent Repast, provided in a Wood, where the Table was Canopied with green Boughs; when King Philip and the Prince had rose up from this Collation, and had walked a little further, a Marble Pillar was Erected, a Monument of Alliance and Friendship between the two Kingdoms. As when Laban said to Jacob, Come thou, let us make a Covenant I and Thou, and let it be for a Witness between me and thee. And Jacob took a Stone, and set it up for a Pillar, Gen. 31.45. There the two Potentates laying their Hands first upon this Pillar, and then enfolding each other in Embraces, took Congee and Divided. Yet the Ceremony continued with the principal of the Nobles, and others of the Spanish Cavalry, who waited on his Highness to his Ship; and Don Mendoza de Alcarness was appointed to go aboard with him for England, to Congratulate before King James his Adventure to Spain, and his Happy Return to his Majesty. Upon the whole Carriage King Philip might say with his Honor, as Abimelech did to Isaac, We have done unto thee nothing but good, and have sent thee away in Peace: Thou art now the blessed of the Lord, Gen. 26.29.

169. Thus far the view of the Design was marvelously serene; not a Cloud to be seen about the Horizon. It smiled a little longer; for the Earl of Bristol Writes to the Lord Keeper, Cab. p. 21.

The Grandees also, and others of the Castilian Bravery that conducted the Prince to the Seas, were Feasted in our Admiral, at a true English Table, Free, Pleasant, Luxuriously bountiful, with that Store which few Countries but this Fortunate Island could afford. A Health was Superstitiously began to the Glorious Princessa, and Proclaim'd to the Shore by the Thunder of the Great Ordnance; success fell short of the Premises. The fault may be laid upon the Spaniards, with some partiality, who suffered the Duke of Buckingham, to part with a sore grudge against the Condé Duke, and did not take the best Course to heal it. They doubted that Buckingham would do all he could to cross the Match, says Bristol in the same Letter; yet they were so Stately, that they would not seek to a suspected Enemy. Belike they thought they had made all fast, and that one man's Rash Defiance was inconsiderable. But it behooves Wise Men says Isocrat. Orat. de Pace. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ; to Repose the hopes of well doing upon their own Strength and Judgment, not upon the Adversaries Weakness. The Duke Olivares was never the nearer, that Buckingham told him at their farewell, Olivares was not certain of him upon these Words, since he was not certain at that time what himself would have. For when our Passions are out of Order, it is a hard thing for a Man to speak Truth to himself. As soon as the Duke had the Prince at shrift, as it were, in his Cabinet, Mr. Edward Clerk under Colour to Attend the Spanish Nobles to Madrid, was sent with Letters to the Earl of Bristol to suspend the Procuration for the Contract, till further Order was given. One Scruple which must first be cleared was, A Rumour that was Laugh'd out of countenance; for she was a spriteful Virgin, and had nothing of Monastical Austerity in her Complexion. Neither did she dissemble, but carried her Affections undisguised, that she was stricken in Love with the Prince. Yet, to prevent the worst, the Earl of Bristol was serious in Refuting that Folly, as it is extant in his to the Prince, Cab. p. 24. The King of Spain, the Infanta, all the Ministers, would refuse no kind of security that in Reason could be demanded in that behalf. This was a slight pretence, and soon over. There was another thing of greater Consequence Weaved into the mistrust I find it upon the Point wherein the Duke Expostulated with Sir W. Aston Cab. p. 35. You might have observed the Explanation the Prince made of himself to you by his Letters from St. Andreas, and have seen his Care and Resolution, not to engage himself into the Marriage, without good Conditions for the Palatinate, and Conservation of his Honor every way. More light is opened to this in a Letter that an Ignote Wrote to K. James, Cab. p. 219. says Mr. Clerk, Piden el Palatinato, Cab. p. 307.

170. God is Love, and delights in all the Bonds of Love. Marriage is the first of Human, and the strictest. It is common with the Great ones that Rule the Earth, to Treat together to make such Links with their Children, Nay, with their Infants. They confirm them with Embassies, with Articles, it may be with their Oaths, and Holy Ceremonies. Yet when all this is done, if a greater Benesit to the State spring up by a New Offer, a Curtain is drawn before Conscience: The former Interest must give place to the later; and that shall be excluded upon the like occasion for a fresh Emolument. One Reason, I believe, though' I write it fearfully,

They that uncover Stories of Realms and Common Wealths, let them apply it. I go on to mine. At the Escurial of St. Lorenzo this was the last Speech and accord about the Palatinate. The Prince making earnest obtestation for it, K. Philip Engaged the Honor of a King upon it, Hereupon his Highness seemed to depart well satisfied. Yet, having removed no further then from St. Lorenzo, to St. Andreas, Expostulates to have the Palatinate surendred to the Right owner, and the Espousals to be procrastinated till it was done; the King of Spain tells our Messenger, So the Earl of Bristol remembers it to the Prince, Cab. p. 25. The Prince knew well where he was now; when all their Capitulations were held to be Star-shootings, Flashes, and Meteors, without the Bird in the Hand. Plato hath a Crotchet lib. 8. de leg. to show the Citizens of his imagined Common-Wealth, what they should do to escape all, or the most Suits in Law, that trouble men with Charge and Delays; Marry, says he, Trust no Man without ready Money in Buying, and Bargaining, wherein, if you fail, you shall have no Action to recover your Debt. This Platonic dealing, with which the Spaniards Challeng'd us, was a New Erection of Justice, by which, the Marriage was consumed into no Marriage, but into a Platonic Love. Whether the Prince were at Freedom, having said and done so much at the Escurial, to break off upon his own Conditions, is such a Knot, as I cannot find the Ends of it. Therefore whether we came off clear, or were sullied with some Dishonor, is too intricate to be decided. In a Report made to the Parliament hereafter, the Lord Keeper, being called unto it, stretched his Learning to prove, That any Man might lawfully Revoke his Procuration; but he came not up to the Top of the Question, whether it be Justifiable to Revoke the Obligation of Faith and Honor. Aliud est jura spectare, aliud justitiam. Cicer. pro Balbo. Conscience is a plain dealing Piece of Honesty, though the Laws have many quirks. Mr. Sander hath looked commendably into this Treaty; in this matter he is brief, saying no more p. 552. Promises trasht in with Restrictions, are absolute Debts. Let your yea be yea, says our Savior to his Disciples. And Learned Grotius says, That the most of the Disciples Converted to him were of the Sect of the Essens, of whom Josephus Writes, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Negligent Men kept not their Oath so strictly, as they kept their Word. Ar. Wilson most spiteful against the Match, and as spiteful against the breaking it, flies high, p. 253. The Earl of Bristol, who knew the most of any English man, goes far, Cab. P. 23. But much more in his Letter dated Novem. 1. first Read by the Clerk of the Parliament at the Report which the Lord Keeper made to the House of Peers, Yet after all these, hear one that was ever Honest, and understood himself. The Prince when he came to take his Fathers Blessing at Royston Octob. 6. protested (says the Lord Keeper in his Report) All which I believe to be most true: Yet the Scales still hanging upon the Beam of the Palatinate, this Question Resolv'd will turn them, whether the Agreement between the other King and our Prince was, that K. Philip should precise restore the Palatinate, or to conditionate do his utmost to endeavor it?

171. Perhaps I am too Curious to hunt this Scent too far. Yet I find no remorse in myself to have pressed Conscience and Honor, the Urim and Thummim, with which the Noblest whom God hath made, should consult in all things. It was commonly said, That mis-understandings fomented by the Duke of Buckingham, which had a small Relation to the principal business, disturbed all. Who was not skilled in the Duty of a public Minister; that is, to contemn all considerations concerning himself, that might hinder his Majesty's Ends, as Sir W. Aston wrote to him. As Illustrius the Pythag. said of Stilpo, that he was 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 made up well for a private man, and no further. so the duke was a gallant lord to have the king's ear in private suits, but not to have the king's trust in foreign dispatches, being ever in custom to carry all with violence before him. some may be great by chance, but never wise. it is admired to this day, that his lordship should have such a command over the princes affections, that he could so quickly make his highness forget such an incomparable beauty, with whom he was so passionately enamored, and she with him. so Bristol Cab. p. 26.

Mr. Clarke likewise (a man whom the Duke had Raised up for his own Use) Writes to his Grace, cab. p. 307. She had Studied our Language, our Habit, our Behaviour, everything but our Religion, to make herself English. She talked continually to her Attendants of the Prince, and of her Voyage in the Spring. What could the Duke say to blot the Image of such a person out of his Highness Heart? This is strange to those that knew not his Highness, who had a Quality to his Lives End (I will call it Humility, it is somewhat like it, but it is not it) to be easily persuaded out of his own Knowledge and Judgment, by some whom he permitted to have Power upon him, who had not the half of his intellectuals. But for this Trick the Wag was Merry with the Duke, who writes to K. James, Cab. p. 223. In this his Highness coming off from Spain, the Duke hath Advis'd him to no worse then he did himself. For how many hath he abused and cozened with Promise of Marriage, by his Grace in Court, and Power with your Majesty? If afterward things had been carried in a full Stream of Luck, perhaps this Breach would not have been called a Fault. Principally, because the Wedlock that came in place of it, was most Happy in a thrice Noble Progeny. All beside was Flat, and Unfortunate. Not an Inch of the Palatinate the better for us; and we the worse for our Wars in all Countries. I say no more, but as Q. Curtius doth, Optime Miserias forunt qui abscondunt. They that hide their Miseries bear them best. The Observator upon H. L. I will abet him, writes no more, then many have Whisper'd, I am not skillful in them to make Comparisons; thus far I will adventure positively. The French are as brave a people as be under the Sun: Yet, for my part I think we might better want them, then the Spaniard. The Spanish Ladies Married to the Royal Seed among us, have been Virtuous, Mild, Thrifty, beloved of all. Not such a one as Harry the Sixth had from the other Nation, of whom Mr. Fuller says well in his Eccles. History, That the King's parts seemed the lower, being overtop'd by such a High Spirited Queen. The Spaniards are for the most generously bountiful, where Service hath deserved it; the best Neighbors in the World for Trades Increase: A Friend to his Friend with his Treasure, and with his Sword. But withal, Refractory in his own Religion, and a Hater of ours; and very False where he can take occasion to enlarge his Dominions, wherein we had no Cause to fear him. But if the Daughter of Spain had landed upon our Shore, I believe we should have had more Cause to love him.

172. Which was not to be looked for, after the Prince put off from the Coast of Biscay: From whence he made such haste home as the Wind would suffer; and he had it in Poop till he came to the Islands of Silly, the remotest Ground of the British Dominion in the West: whether some Delinquents were deported of old by the Roman Emperors. Here the Navy was compelled to rest, because the Winds were contrary. From thence the Courtiers brought home a Discourse about an old Miller, who was, with long Experience, Weather-Wise to Admiration. For he told them exactly how long they should continue there, and named the Hour when, after one day and a half, the North-West would blow, and serve their turn. The Seamen, who had resorted thither before, knew him so well, and how his Prognostics came to pass, that they prepared to Launch against that opportunity, which failed not, and attained Portsmouth on the Fifth of October.

Though our Noble Traveler left the Lady behind that should have been his Penelope, yet he came well home to his own Ithaca, and to the Wise Laertes his Father. His Highness left Portsmouth, and came to York -House at Charing-Cross, an Hour after Midnight early in the Morning, Octob. 6. Praises were given to God for him in divers Churches at Morning Prayer. The Lord Keeper composed an excellent Prayer for that Occasion, which was used in the Chapel of Henry the VII. and in the Collegiate Church at the accustomed Hours in that Place: Bells and Bonfires began early, and continued till Night: Alms, and all kind of Comfort were dispensed bountifully to the Poor; and many poor Prisoners, their Debts being discharged, were Released. But too often, as St. Austin complained, Publicum gaudium celebratur per publicum dedecus: So Bacchanals of Drunken Riot were kept too much in London and Westminster, which offended many, that the Thanks due only to God, should be paid to the Devil. The Prince, after a little rest, took Coach with the Duke for Royston, to attend the King his Father, where the Joy at the enterview was such, as surpasseth the Relation. His Majesty in a short while retired, and shut all out but his Son and the Duke; with whom he held Conference till it was four Hours in the Night: They that attended at the Door sometime heard a still Voice, and then a loud; sometime they Laught, and sometime they Chased, and noted such variety, as they could not guess what the close might prove: But it broke out at Supper, that the King appeared to take all well, that no more was effected in the Voyage, because the Profters for the Restitution of his Son-in-Law were no better stated by the Spanish; And then that Sentence fell from him, which is in Memory to this Hour, That He liked not to Marry His Son with a Portion of His Daughters Tears. His Majesty saw there was no Remedy in this Case but to go Hand in Hand with the Prince, and his now prepotent Favorite. Presently it was obtained, that is Octob. 8. That his Majesty should send an Express to the Earl of Bristol, with his High Command, to defer the Procuration entrusted with him, and to make no use of it till Christmas; whereas indeed the Power of it expired at Christmas; for so it was limited in the Instrument which his Highness Signed at St. Lorenzo. And by the next Post the Duke acquaints Sir W. Aston, That the King himself had dictated the Letter then wrote unto him, Cab. p. 36. which contained, My Lord of Buckingham had his Advisers about him (yet he need not now be set on) to prevent with all his Wit, that the Prince might never have a Wife out of Spain. But the King had such Esteem of the Spanish Wisdom, that he did verily look that his Letters, I mean these last sent to his Ambassador Resident there, would quicken them to a short and real Satisfaction for the Prince Palatine 's Distress, and that the Treaty would sprout again, which was withered with that obstacle.

173. Our Dispatches at Court went all together that way; so he that is diligent may Trace them to the end of January. Some of the Letters of Mr. Secretary Conway, at least somewhat out of them, are useful to be produced, which will also confirm the good course that the Lord Keeper took with the Spanish Ambassadors, that he reserv d the Pardon and Dispensation from them to the end, against all Contests of Importunity: Nor suffered the Letters to the Lord Bishops and Judges to go abroad for the Suspension of some Penal Statutes; whereupon the Fat of the Project of the Papists dript insensibly away at a slow Fire. After the Prince had rested at Roiston but one Night, his Majesty caused Directions to be sent to the Lord Keeper for the Enlargement of the Roman Priests, being Eleven of them in the Tower, Wisheech, Newgate, and no more. This Favor had many Reasons to speak for it: First, To let all those, who were inquisitive about the Event of his Highness Journey take notice, that there was yet life in the Treaty by the motion of this Pulse. Secondly, To gratify the most obnoxious of that Religion, for requital of the Entertainment his Highness had among them. Thirdly, In Retaliation for the Prisoners that were set at Liberty in Spain to Congratulate the Princes welcome. Fourthly, That his Highness might keep his Word with those of that way, who had done him good Offices abroad, to whom he had said, Cab. p. 251. That though the Marriage were broken, his Catholic Subjects should not fare the worse for it. Therefore hear what Mr. Secretary Conway Writes to the Lord Keeper, October 7.

Now for the Letters which his Majesty was made to believe were dispersed to the Magistrates Spiritual and Temporal, about the Suspension of the Laws, because his Majesty was disobeyed in it, the Lord Keeper, after he had seen the Inclination of the Court in three or four days, wrote to the Secretary, who knew all the Passages, to put the Duke upon it to acquaint the King with the Naked Truth, and fore-speak Displeasure. Upon which Mr. Secretary Conway returns this, Octob. 11. from Royston.

The King required but one Thing more of the Lord Keeper, that as he had addulced all Things very well to his Mind, so the Ministers of the King of Spain might not Grudge, that their Teeth were set on Edge with sower Grapes; which he did effect most Artificially, albeit the Ambassadors by his means had lost many Suits, and more Labor; as the Secretary was willed to acknowledge from Hinchingbrooke, Octob. 25.

Neither did the Spaniards return the Jewels which the Prince had presented at the Shrine of Love, till the end of February; at which Surrendry, and not before, the golden Cord was broken. Nothing is more sure, than that the Prince's Heart was removed from the Desire of that Marriage, after the Duke had brought him away from the Object of that Delightful and Ravishing Beauty. But all the while the King had his Head full of Thoughts, brooding upon two things (like the Twins that struggled in the Womb of Rebekah ) the Consummation of the Marriage, and the Patrimony of his Son-in-Law to be regained, with the Dignity Electoral. His Wisdom hovered between them both, like the Sun at his Noonday Height. Metâ distans aequalis utraque: He knew he should be disvalued, to the wounding of all Good Opinion, if he did not engrast that Alliance into his Stem, which he had sought with so much Expence of Time and Cost, to strengthen and aggrandize his Posterity. And he knew he should loose Honor with all the Potentates of Europe, beside other Mischiefs, if nothing were done for re-possessing the Palatinate. Yet in sine, he sat down, and it cleast his Heart, that he affected neither. As a Canker eats quickly into soft and sappy Wood, so an Error was gotten into his gentle Nature, the same that Spartianus says had crept into Didius Julianus: Reprehensus in eo praecipue, quos regere authoritate sud debuit, regendae reipub. praesules sibi ipse fecit. He submitted himself to be ruled by some, whom he should have awed with Authority; but he wanted Courage to bow them to his own Bent. A Prince that preserves not the Rights of his Dignity, and the Majesty of his Throne, is a Servant to some, but therein a Friend to none, least of all to himself.

174. But he did so little bear up with an Imperatorian Resolution, against the Method of their Ways, who thrust his Counsels out of Doors, that the Flies sucked him where he was galled, and he never rubbed them off. He continued at Newmarket as in an Infirmary, for he forgot his Recreations of Hunting and Hawking; yet could not be drawn to keep the Feasts of All-Saints, and the Fifth of November at White-Hall, being wont to show his Presence at those Solemnities. Against Christmas he drew towards the City, and no sooner. Some better Offers were expected from Spain by that time, or more certain Discoveries be found out of Carriage on both sides, for hitherto all was received upon second hand Faith Therefore his Majesty was no sooner at White-Hall, but he commissioned a Select Council to consider two things: Whither the King of Spain had not been real to the last, to satisfy the Desire of the Prince about the Marriage; and whither in the Treaty for the Restitution of the Palatinate, he had violated the League between the two Kingdoms, as to deserve an open War to be proclaimed against him. The Lord Keeper was one of the Junto; but so far against his Mind, that he wished before a Friend or two in private, that a Fever in his Sick Bed might excuse him. The Duke of Buckingham was mortally Anti-Spanish, and his Anger was headed with Steel. He assayed the Lord Keeper to hale him to his Judgment, as an Eddy doth a small Boat; and would have used him to the King, to incline his Majesty to renounce Amity with that Nation; but he found him as inflexible as a dried Bough. He vowed to his Grace, as he should have God to be his Protector, that he would suffer all the Obliquy of the World, before he would be drawn to the least Ingratitude against his Lordship, Cab. P. 89. But when the King asked his Judgment, he must be true and faithful. Which was to say, to do the Duke a Pleasure, he cared not to deserve ill of himself, but he would not deserve ill of the King: which gave no Satisfaction. Oh! How better is a poor Man's Liberty, than the golden Servitude of a great Officer? Must I lose my Patron, unless I lose my Judgment? Can there not be a true Heart, where there is not Sameness of Opinion? What a Structure is Advancement, which hangs in the Air, and consists upon no solid Foundation? That great Lord desied the Keeper to his Face, and in the hearing of many, threatened to sink him, because he could not board him. And as Fulbertus said of Queen Constantia, Cui satis creditor, dum mala promittit; Baron. Annal. 12 28. come. 12. If he promised an ill turn, he would be sure to pay it, if he could. Once upon a time he could have done as much as that came to, with half a Word to the King. Now, as his Lordship conceived, his Strength lay among the Anakims, and the self-willed man plotted to sacrifice his old Friend to the Parliament (the Intelligence came from the Venetian Embassador) to appease the Dislike of Immunities (which were none at all) exercised towards the Roman Catholics. Yet there his Lordship faired, and found it as hard to suppress him, as to drown a Swan. There is an Electuary which Physicians give to comfort the Heart, called Pasta rogia; the Lord Keeper was fed Lusty with this Royal Paste. The King had wrought him so apt to his own Plight, that the Power of a mighty Favorite could not wrest him from the Sanctuary of his Love. Ye still his Danger was, that the Duke thought (out of Disdain more than Envy) that he wore too many Copies of his Majesty's Favor. He took nothing more Scornsully, than what the King spake to the Earl of Carlisle in a Fit of Melancholy, That if he had sent Williams into Spain with his Son, he had kept Hearts-ease and Honor, both which he lack'd at that time. So it was thought to be next to an Affront, that the first time the Lord Keeper came into the King's Presence, after his Highness's Return into England (which was a little before Christmas ) his Majesty looking intently upon him, said thus to the Prince: Charles, There's the Man that makes us keep a merry Christmas. His Highness looking as if he understood not his Father; Why, 'tis he, says the King, that labored more dextrously than all my Servants beside, to bring you safe hither to keep Christmas with me, and I hope you are sensible of it. Another Act of the King's Goodness drew a greater Frown upon him: That in those Holy-days, his Majesty, of his own Accord, no Solicitation preceding, caused an Act of Council to be entered into the Book of that Honorable Table, that an Arch-Bishopric, and he named York, should be conserred upon him in the next Vacancy. For which, the Lord Keeper most humbly thanked his Majesty, that he was pleased to think of him, when his Majesty knew best, that he thought not of himself. Yet my Lord Duke resented it ill, as if he climbed without his Hand to lift him up. Arch-Bishop Matthew understanding how his Place was designed, took occasion to be pleasant upon it. It was a Felicity which Nature had given him, to make old Age comfortable with a light Heart.

But that much beloved Prelate sending his Proxy to the Lord Keeper, against the following Parliament, wrote to this Purpose,

175. Now let the Collections of the last Antecedency be observed, and there is not to be found in them, why the Lord Keeper should forfeit a Dram in the Benevolence of his great Friend. They are the Party-coloured Coat, with which Jacob appare •• ed him, and which himself put not out to making. But in the Select Council, which met to resolve the two foregoing Questions, he was active as any man. If he come not off well in that, let him be condemned. To the first matter in proposal the Lord's agreed, that the Prince came Home with great and happy Renown, because he had resisted so many, and so strong Temptations to pervert him in Religion, and that the Lord of Buckingham 's Assistance was praise worthy in excess, who held him steady, and counter-work'd all Underminers. They conceived that the Proceeding of the Spaniards to the most were generous; in some things rather subtle than ingenuous; as there is no Pomegranate but hath some rotten Kernels, and that in all they were so tedious, that it was able to provoke the Meekness of Moses, though he had not a Drachm of Choler in his Complexion. Yet that it could not appear, but that the Marriage on King Philip 's part was very sincerely meant in all the Treaty; most clearly when his Highness took his Farewell, most openly since his Departure. Wherein the Earl of Bristol had much wronged that great Monarch, giving him a Bastle insupportable. For when the Power of Revocation, or rather Repression of the Proxy, was peremptorily in his Lordship's hand, he did not acquaint the King of Spain, to stop him from erecting a Gallery (turned by the Earl's Negligence into a Gullery) in the open Streets, covered with the richest Tapestry, and set forth with all other Circumstances of Wealth and State, to conduct the Infanta in open View, and with most magnificent Solemnity, to the Deposorios; when by the Instruments and Commissions the Earl had lately received, he knew these augustious Preparations would be ridiculously disappointed; which was a Despight that a Gentleman, not to say an Embassador, should have prevented. For the Disgrace was so far blown abroad with Derision, that it was the News of Gazette 's over all Europe. The Intention of that Nation to give the Infanta in Marriage to the Prince being not controverted: Yet his Highness protesting on his part that he was free, unless the Palatinate were surrendered, they were all satisfied with it, his Word was Justice to them, and that which was in his own Breast, must alone direct him how to use his Freedom. This Question dispatched, was upon a blown Rose, the next was upon a Bramble. The Lord Duke was so zealous (say it was for the Palsgrave's Sake) that he voted the King of Spain to be desied with open War, till amends were made to the illustrious Prince Elector, for the Wrongs he sustained. The Lord's appointed for the Conference, that apprehended it otherwise, were the Keeper, Treasurer, Duke of Richmond, Marquess Hamilton, Earl of Arund • l, Lord Carow, Lord Belfast, who could not say that the King of Spain had done the part of a Friend, for the Recovery of the Palatinate, as he had professed; nor yet could they find, that he had acted the Part of an Enemy declaredly, as was objected. Their Judgment was, the Girts of Peace were slack, but not broken. This is couched in the Admonitions of an Ignote unto King James, Cab. p. 278. The Conference or Treaty about the Palatinate was taken from the Council of State, a Society of most prudent Men, only for this Cause, that almost everyone of them, had with one Consent approved the Propositions of the most Catholic King, and did not find in it any Cause of dissolving the Treaty—And a little beneath, The Duke fled from the Council of State, and disclaimed it for a Parliament, by way of an Appeal. Most true, that scarce any in all the Consulto did vote to my Lord Duke's Satissaction; which made him rise up, and chase against them from Room to Room, as a Hen that hath lost her Brood, and clucks up and down, when she hath none to follow her. The next time he saw the Lord Belfast, he asked him, with Disdain, Are you turned too? and so flung from him, Cab. p. 243. To which the Lord Belfast answered honestly, in a short Letter, That he would conform himself in all things to the Will and good Pleasure of the King his Master. The greatest Grudge was against the Lord Keeper, who seldom spake, but all Opinions ran into his one, as they did at this time; and the Duke presumed that his Sentence should never vary from his own Mind. An hard Injunction, and all the Favor on Earth is too dear to be bought at such a Price. But he declared, that he saw no Expediency for War upon the Grounds communicated.

The King was glad that some maintained his Judgment, and would not consent wantonly to raise him from the Down Bed of his long admired Peace. Neither did he refrain to speak very hardly of that Servant whom he loved best, that agitated to compel him to draw the Sword, one of the great Plagues of God. His Censure upon him was bitter, Cab. P. 92. but fit to be cast over-board in silence.

176. A King of Peace is not only sittest to build Temples, but is the Temple of God. Such a one doth foresee how long, how far, how dangerously the Fire of War will burn, before he put a Torch to kindle it. And as every Bishop ought to have a care of the Universal Church; so every King ought to have a care of all Human Society. It is not such a thing to raise War in these Days, as it was in Abraham 's; Muster his Servants in one Day, and rescue Lot from his Enemies the next. Nor such as it was with the old Romans, make a Summers (La • rt. in Vit.) before he laid down his Office. The Charge in our Age, which usually for many Years doth oppress the People, will hardly countervail, if GOD should send it the Gladness of a Victory. Nor is all fear over, when a War is ended: But, as Solon says, (Lacrt. in Vit.) Great Commanders when they have done their Work abroad, and are returned with Honor, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , do more Mischief by their Factions to their Country, than they did against their Enemies. And whosever scape well, the poor Church is like to suffer two ways. First, as Camden says, Eliz. Ann. 1583. Schismatica pravitas semper bello ardent maxim luxuriat: Schismatical Pravity will grow up under the Licentiousness of War: Some profane Buff-Coats will Authorize such Incendiaries. Secondly, For some Hundreds of Years by-past in Christendom, I cannot find, but where Wars have been protracted, the Churchman's Revenue hath been in danger to pay the Soldiers. If this affect not those, that will not think that there is such a Sin as Sacrilege, yet all acknowledge that there is such a Virtue as Human Compassion: Then they that would awake drouzy Peace, as they call it, with the Noise of the Drum, and the prancing of Horses in the Street, let them, before they design their War, describe before their Consciences the heaps of slaughtered Carkasses, which will come after: That the Land which is before t • en sha • I look like the Garden of the Lord, and that which is behind them like Burning and Brimstone. For all this will they tempt God, and be the Foes of Humanity? Grotius, who best could do it, hath sweetly translated such a Contemplation out of Euripides, Lib. 2. de Bel. & Pa. Cap. 24. Co. 4. Quod si in Comitiis funera ante oculos forent, Furiata bello non p • risset Greece. Some will adventure to say more; that every Sheba that sounded the first Trumpet to Battail, hath been unlucky in his own Person. So Sir W. Aston to the Duke, Cab. P. 37. The most prosperous War hath misfortune enough in it, to make the Author of it unhappy. Else Isocrates was mistaken, who lived to be an old, and a Prophetical Orator among the Athenians, Orat. de Pace; says he, Your Humour, Athenians, is well known, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , you like them best that incite you to War. Yet I wonder if old Men do not remember, and young Men have not heard, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , that we never received hurt by listening to them that exhorted us to preserve our Peace; but the Counsels of others have brought Dishonor, and put us to Shifts and Calamities.

177. I would these Notions might be read considerately, when any rash Spirit shall attempt to open Janus 's Temple, after it hath been long shut Yet woe be to the Vicar that should have read this Homily to my Lord Duke. The Lord Keeper's Name was in his black Book of Remembrance for it, till his Lordship did not only cross him, but blot him out. Revenge is the effect of smothered Anger, as Flame is but lighted Smoak. The Scene wherein an Argument of a kind of Tragedy is couched upon it, is in the Lord Duke's Secretaries Letter, Cab. Pag. 86. challenging the Lord Keeper, That at the select Council he had run a course opposite to his Lordship, and (by consequent to sill up the Crime) dangerous to the Kingdom, prejudicious to the cause of Religion. That the two last times they met in Council, the Duke found that he took his Kue (from the Kings Mind) just as other Men did, and join'd with them in their Opinions, whose aim was to tax his Proceedings in the managing of the Prince's Business. How imperious is this? And how all that follows it like the roaring of a Lyon? And for no more offense, but because he would not condemn the King of Spain out of the proof of his Grace's Mouth, and ammerce him with an implacable War, wherein an Hundred Thousand Lives might be spilled, for a Quarrel begun between himself and Olivarez, which was not worth a bloody Nose. Certainly the Lord Keeper could not be afraid of the Duke being so much alienated, for any hurt that could come of it at the present. I was not in his Heart to espy, whether he looked forward upon another Age in the next Reign. One thing I am conscious of, that he courted no Man but him with supple Submission, being unwilling to nothing more, than that the World should observe him dissever'd from his Promoter, though he were innocent as to making a breach, or the least thought of Opposition. The best part he could act, was to protest how much, and how unseignedly he was that Lord's in a most Pathetical Vow, as it is to be found Cab. P. 89. Let this Paper bear Record against me at the great Parliament of all, if I be not in my Heart and Soul your Graces most faithful and most constant poor Friend and Servant. Somewhat also may be picked out of that Letter by a sharp Censure, as if he had sought the Duke with Phrases too low, and too Petitionary. And I am myself within a little of that Opinion. But this was ever a venial Fault at Court; where it was usual for Men in Place to drink down such hot Affronts, as would scald their Throats, that could not endure the Vassallage which was tied to Ambition. The best Apology is, That a Thankful Man looks for leave, (choose you whether you will grant it, for he will take it) to lay himself under the Feet of his Benefactor, to be reconciled to him. I learn it from Tully, pleading for himself against Lateranensis, Orat, pro Plancio. Nimis magnum beneficium Plancii exaggero. Quare vero me tuo arbitratu, & non meo, gratum esse oportet. Lateranensis says, I do too much extol the Favors which I have received from Plancius. As if it were not Reason that I should be Grateful by my own Acknowledgment, and not by his Opinion. In short, that the Duke might be the better aslur'd of the reading of so able a Minister in the Parliament at Hand, the Prince, with his never-failing Sweetness, made up this Gap between them; but with a loose Pale. Yet leave should have been given, where leave was looked for. The Lord Keeper did not give the Duke content in this select Junto; no more did the Duke give content to the King. In the same Measure that he did mete, it was measured unto him.

178. Look back about a Twelve-month, and a story will drop in, where the Duke did hearken to the Party with more content. That which was acted a Year ago is in season to be produced now, because it was published upon Consideration against the Parliament that sat now. Those dangerous and busy Flies, which the Roman Seminaries send abroad, had buzzed about the Countess of Buckingham, had blown upon, and infected her. She was Mother to the great Favorite; but in Religion become a Stepmother. She doated upon him extremely, as the Glory of her Womb: Yet by turning her Coat so wantonly, when the Eyes of all the Kingdom were upon her Family, she could not have wrought him a worse turn, if she had studied a mischief against him. Many marvelled what rumbled in her Conscience at that time: For from a Maid to an Old Madam she had not every ones good Word for practice of Piety. And she suffered Censure to the last, that she lest the Company of Sir Tho. Compton her Husband. It hath been so with many others. But why should a Libertine, that cares not to live after the way of the Gospel, pretend to seek Satisfaction more than ordinary about the true Doctrine of The Gospel? They that have Beams in their own Eyes, unsanctified Manners beyond the most, why should they cavil at Moats in the Eye of the Reformed Religion? Let them answer it to Him alone, who hath Power to judge them. But divers that had sense of a Godly Fear, as they pitied the Revolt of this Lady, so they dreaded the Consequents, that did hang upon her Power and Opportunity. Ar. Wilson complains, P. 275. That the Countess of Buckingham was the Cynosura that all the Papists steered by. I believe it was above her Ability to bear the weight of that Metaphor. The common Jealousy was, that the Duke would be ringstreaked with spots of Popery, by resorting to his Mothers Trough. Nay, there was a trivial Gradation in Vulgar Mouths, which reached higher, That the Mother had a great Influence upon her Son, the Son upon the King, and the King upon the People. The Lord Keeper did not unforesee how far this Cord might be drawn: And that those Discontents which were but Vapours in common talk, might thicken into a Thunder-Clap in an ensuing Parliament. Which though it assembled not in 14 Months after, yet this Prometheus had learned his Lesson, That Safety is easiest purchased by Prevention. An Instrument that is strung, may be used upon a little warning. Having thus studied the Welfare of the Duke, he spake to him to this effect:

The Conferences went presently to work. His Majesty singularly versed in Polemical Theology, was Superintendent. The Champion, in whose Sufficiency the Lady most affied, was Fisher the Jesuit: With whom Dr. Francis White, then Dean of Carlisle, first encountered, and gave him Foil after Foil; as the Colloquy did let the World know, most impartially published. But Female Weakness was not evinced by Manly Performance. The Logic of the Serpent had strong force upon Eve; and that Infirmity is descended upon her Daughters. Another Meeting was prepared, wherein the Lord Keeper entered the Lists with Fisher; because he had advised to those Disputes, he was willing to be Active, as well as Consultative. As the old Rule would have Precept and Example to go Hand in Hand: Cum dixit quid faciendum sit, probat faciendo. He had observed when he was an Auditor at the former Conflict, that if divers of the Jesuits Postulata were yielded to him, ( datis, non concessis ) that the Church of England, repurging itself from the super-injected Errors of the Church of Rome, would stand inculpable: So he labor'd to evidence, if unnecessary Strifes were discreetly waved, what little was wanting to a Conclusive Unity. Ut, quae non licuit per omnia, ex necessariis partibus allegentur, as the Emperor Justin wrote to Pope Hormisda. The King did greatly commend his Charitable and Pacificatory handling of Controversies; which gentle usage, though it put the Jesuit out of his ordinary trot, yet he fell into a shuffling pace, and carried away the Lady behind him. The Lord Keeper exposed not his part in Print; as Fulgentius says of Frier Paul, That he writ nothing with Intention to publish it, unless Necessity constrein'd him. The third, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , that contended with the Jesuit both for the Palm of Victory, and to bring Eye-Salve to the dim-sighted Lady, was Dr. Laud, then Bishop of St. David 's, who galled Fisher with great Acuteness. Which the false Loiolite traduced, and made slight in his Reports Whereupon the Bishop, for his just Vindication, Corroborated all that he had delivered with very strong Enlargement, paying his Adversary both with the Principal and Interest; and divers Years after finished it with an Auctarium, which hath rendered it a Master-Piece in Divinity. But all this labor was spent in vain as to the Countess's part, and she left to be numbered among those, of whom Christ foretold, that they loved Darkness more than Light.

Yet on my Lord her Sons part, that which was desired was Atchieved. He had appeared in the Field an Antagonist to her Revolt, whom he Honor'd, and Observ'd with the most of Filial Duty. So she was less Valued ever after, and sent from the Court, for her Obstinacy. But he was Blazed abroad for the Red-Cross-Knight that was Unàs Champion against Archimago. Yet it was not Printed to be Read, and Judge'd of, till the Parliament Sate, which was now called.

179. And lest the precedents of the King's Writs should be lost, as his Houses and Revenues are embezel'd, here follows the Copy of the Summons directed to the Lord Keeper under the Signet.

The Tenth of February was first appointed, being Tuesday; the day of the Week which K. James observed to auspicate his great Affairs; but proving to be Shrove-Tuesday, wherein the Younkers of the City used to exceed in horrid Liberty, that day was scratched out of the Writ, and Thursday the Twelfth was chosen in the Room. But God scratched out the Twelfth day, when the day was come, Nay, when the King and his Train were putting on their Robes, so far in readiness to begin their Solemnity. For the King looked about him, and missed the L. Steward, Duke of Richmond and Lenox. He was absent indeed, absent from the Body, and present with God, 2 Cor. 5.8. He had Supp'd cheerfully the Night before, complained of nothing when he went to Bed, slept soundly, Et iter confecit dormiendo, he finished this last Journey in his sleep. His Servant was commanded to waken him, and hasten him to attend the King, but found that he had breathed out his Spirit; about an Hour before, said the Sons of Art, because his Corps was but inclining to be Cold. What a do was made to no purpose to suspect some foul means to rock him into this Everlasting Sleep? which would never have been questioned in a meaner Man. And cannot God prepare a Worm to smite the Gourd of our Body, that it shall wither in a moment? He was deplor'd generally. I am in with them; for he deserved it. French he was born and bred. You might have seen the Gallican Decency in his manners; of good Aspect, and well shap'd; Affable, Humble, Inoffensive, contented with so much Favor as was never Repin'd: One that never Wrestled with the King's Privado's, and was never near a fall: One whose Wit and Honesty kept him great, and much beloved of all; which rarely meet: One that deserves the Elogy which Lampridias gives to Quintilius Marcellus Counselor to Alexander Severus,

More was spoken to his never-dying Honor, by the Graceful Eloquence of the Lord Keeper upon a fit Text, taken out of the 1 King cap. 4. verse 5. Zabud the Son of Nathan was principal Officer, and the King's Friend, This was performed at his Funerals in Westminster Abby April 27. Which were the most costly, and set out with the most Princely Pomp for a Subject, that ever I saw: His Dutchess thinking nothing too sumptuous in his Obsequies to do him the greatest Renown that could be. Which Love in her survived towards him to her last hour. But good Lady, what a penurious House-Wife, and scorn to the World, hath Ar. Wilson made her p. 259. Out of what Rascal Fame he scrapt up this I know not. The Author lived not one day after he had Publish'd his Work to Answer it. But there are yet as many Living, that know this to be maliciously false, as there are Pages in his Book. For my own part I knew the Order, the Comliness, the Bounty of her House-keeping in Holborn, and at Exeter-House; whether I came often on Message from a Lady of a great understanding, and a great will, the Lady Elizabeth Hatton, to straighten an Account of 8000 l. between them. I have been kept upon my business until Meal-times very often, Noon and Night, and have staid with her Worthy Steward Mr. William Bolton at his Table, which I could not Civilly Refuse. I never saw but that every Board in the Hall was bountifully served, the Stewards Table chiefly so costly in well Cook'd-Meats, so Rich in the Plate wherein it was served, so well observed by the Attendants, as I prefer'd it before the like in any Noble Family that ever I was present at in the Kingdom. I am bound. I take it, to defend the Hospitality in Truth, where I have been a Guest. Neither doth it belong only to Knight Errands in Wildwitted, that is no Witted, Romances, to defend a Ladies Honor, but it is due from every man that professeth Justice, and Ingenuity. Principally, as Aristotle Writes Prob. 9. Sect. 30, Defunctis opitulari magis Justum est, quam vivis hominibus. The Exequies of the Dead are called Justa; and it is more Just to defend the Dead, then the Living. Let me Weave into the Fringe of this Paragraph a touch at as Wise, and Faithful a Letter, as ever the Lord Keeper wrote to the Duke of Buckingham. He that Reads it all, as it is Cab. p. 101. Shall find it no loss of time; mending the Fault of the Date (a mistake very common in that Rhapsody of Letters) it should bear the Style of Feb 13. 1623. instead of Mart. 2. 1624. What, more Places? but peruse the Letter, and the Scope of it all along will appear, to instruct him upon the Assumption of this, to part with another place, the Admiralty, more beneficial to his Followers, then to himself, who therefore kept him from discarding. But how far had his Lordship been more Fortunate, if he had followed better Counsel? First he had made himself a less Object of their Malice, who looked with Meager Countenance upon him, for holding so many Places of Public Trust, Mastership of the Horse, Admiralty, Wardenship of the Cinque Ports: Justice in Eyer over all Chaces and Forrests on this side Trent. Whereas the Lord Steward serves the King only in his Household. Therefore the Lord Keeper omits not to remember him there, The plurality of the Dukes Offices were one and the first of the Grievances heard and Prosecuted in the Houses of the Lord's and Commons throughout all his troubles, while his Life lasted. Secondly, but for the Name of Lord Admiral he had never withdrawn himself from Court, to head a Navy at the Sea, where never any Commander of the English Fleet made so improsperous a Voyage. As Renowned Camden, anno 1601. Eliz. says of Robert Earl of Essex, and he would not say with Astrologers, So this Lord Admiral was Valiant and feared not his Foes, but Mars was not a propitious Ascendant at his Nativity. He that feared it, and knew him to be both willful and unskillful, advised him to take a White Staff instead of an Anchor; but the Duke returned him no Gra-mercy, being Resolute to out Face envy, and as secure as a former prosperous Life could make him, to suspect no Ignominy, or Infelicity.

180. The week that stayed the Parliament being over, it met as it were in the Temple of Concord. Common presagements seldom fail. It came so welcome to all Men, that they rejoiced for it according to the Joy of Harvest. The Solemnity began with a Sermon in the Abby of Westminster, made by Dr. Carew Bishop of Exon. Even Idolaters did not omit to enter upon any great Work, without some Ceremony of Religion,

The Bishops Theme, upon which he raised his Exhortations very prudently, was out of the Words of dying Jacob to the Head of one of the Tribes, Gen. 49.13. Zebulon shall dwell at the Haven of the Sea, &c. From which he Preach'd and Pray'd earnestly it might be considered; Zebulon juxta mare positus aliorum videt. naufragia, sed ipse salvus est. How Zebulon might thank God that he saw Wars abroad, and none at home; and that he saw many Shipwrack'd at Sea, while he was safe in his Haven. But the Stream of Opinion was then against his Doctrine. For we think everything good, whose Evil we have not felt. Immediately from thence the Train removed to the Higher House, where the King being set under his State, the Lord's Spiritual and Temporal, and other Assistants of the Court Attending his Royal person, and the Lower House being admitted to the Audience of that which was to be said, his Majesty Feasted them with a Speech, then which nothing could be apter for the Subject, or more Eloquent for the matter. All the helps of that Faculty were extremely perfect in him, abounding in Wit by Nature, in Art by Education, in Wisdom by Experience. Mr. George Herbert being Praelector in the Rhetoric School in Cambridge anno 1618. Pass'd by those fluent Orators, that Domineered in the Pulpits of Athens and Rome, and insisted to Read upon an Oration of King James, which he Analysed, showed the concinnity of the Parts, the propriety of the Phrase, the height and Power of it to move Affections, the Style utterly unknown to the Ancients, who could not conceive what Kingly Eloquence was, in respect of which, those noted Demagogi were but Hirelings, and Triobulary Rhetoricians. The Speech which was had at the opening of this Parliament; doth commend Mr. Herbet for his Censure: Which yet I Engross not here; for the Reader that is Conversant in Books will find it often Printed. The Sum of it was to ask Advice of the Lord's and Commons, what was fittest to be done for Advancement of Religion, and the good of the Common Wealth, how the Treaty of the Princes Match would agree with these, and the good of the Children of the Palatine, for restoring them to that which they had lost. As the whole Contexture was a right Purple Robe that became Majesty, so there were three Golden Nails or Studs in it, which even dazzled the Eye with their Splendor. In the First he touchld modestly, that his Reign had not been unhappy to us, But, says he, You have found the Fruits of my Government, if you consider the Peace which my Kingdoms Enjoy, in the midst of the Miseries our Neighbors are afflicted with. And though I cannot say my Government hath been without Error, yet I can avouch before God and his Angels, never King Govern'd with a more pure sincerity, and Incorrupt Heart. In the Second, he Purgeth himself from the Detraction of a false Rumor. Jealousies, says He, Are of a strange Depth; but let them be far from you. It hath been Talked of my Remissness in maintenance of Religion, and Suspicion of a Toleration. But, as God shall Judge me, I never thought or meant it, nor ever in Word Exprest anything that Savour'd of it. It is true, That at times best known to myself, I did not so fully put those Laws in Execution, but did Wink and Connive at some things, which must have hindered more weighty Affairs. Yet I never in all my Treaties agreed to anything, to the overthrow and disagreeing of these Laws—For as it is a good Horsman's Part, not always to use the Spur, ot keep strict the Reins, but sometimes to spare the Spur, and to hold the Reins more slackly, so it is the part of a wise King (and my Age and Experience have informed me) sometimes to quicken the Laws with strict Execution, and at other times upon just occasion to be more Remiss. Thirdly, The Shells of a Cockle could not lie closer and evener to one another, then these last last words clasp'd with the Parliament: God is my Judge, and I speak it as a Christian King, never any wayfaring men in the Burning, Dry, and Sandy Deserts more Thirsted for water to quench his Thirst, then I Thirst and Long for the Happy Success of this Parliament, that the good Issue of this may expiate and acquit the Fruitless Issue of the former. The King having spread this Banquet to the Taste of their Judgments, the Lord Keeper pro formâ set on the Grace Cup as followeth.

181. So the first Day shut up. And Saturday following, the 21st of that Month, was but a day of Formality to the Parliament; yet material to this History, because the Lord Keeper had the greatest share about the Work of it, who is my Scope; and this Parliament; no further, then as he is concerned in the Actions and Occurrencies of it. On that day the King Sitting under his State in the Lord's House, encircled with the Senatorian Worthies of the higher and lower Order, the Commons Presented Sir Tho. Crew, Serjeant at Law, for their Speaker. As the Knights and Burgesses were Chosen for the public Service out of the best of the Kingdom; so this Gentleman was Chosen for this Place out of the best of them: He was warm in the Care of Religion, and a Chief among them that were popular in the Defense of it; A great lover of the Laws of the Land, and the Liberties of the People; Of a stayed Temper, sound in Judgment, ready in Language; And though every Man, it is supposed, hath some equals in his good Parts, he had few or no Superiors. This was the Character which the Lord Keeper gave of him to the King, whereupon he was pointed out to this Honorable Task. Yet with all this Furnishment, out of a Custom which Modesty had observed, Sir Thomas Deprecated the Burthen, as Moses did when the was to be sent to Pharaoh, O my Lord, I am not Eloquent, send I pray thee by the hand of him whom thou wilt send, Exod. 4.13. And he humbly besought the Royal Favor to Command a new, and a better Choice for so weighty a Charge. Whereupon the Lord Keeper going from his Seat to His Majesty, and Conferring with Him upon his Knee, after a short time returned to his Place, and spake as followeth.

Then Sir Thomas Crew Bowing down to the Supreme Pleasure, which could not be declined, offered up his first Fruits for about the time of half an Hour, in a way between Remonstrance and Petition, smoothly and submissively, yet with that Freedom and Fair-Dealing as became the Trust committed to him. He could not wish more Attention than he had from the King, who heard him favorably to the end. For the Dispatch of that Work, presently the Lord Keeper went to His Majesty, who Conferr'd together secretly that none else heard, and after a quarter of an hour or better, the L. Keeper returned to his Place, and answered the Speakers Peroration in His Majesty's Name: Which Answer will enough supply what was said by them both; for it contains all the solid parts of Mr. Speakers Harangues.