A Memorial Offered to John Williams

was the most dangerous Enemy that his Majesty had. For though he were at that time of mean rank and use among them, yet he would climb higher. I knew him, says he, at Bugden, but never knew his Religion. He was a common Spokes-man for Sectaries, and maintained their part with stubbornness: He never discoursed as if he were pleased with your Majesty, and your great Officers: indeed he loves none that are more than his Equals. Your Majesty did him but Justice in repulsing a Petition put up by him against Sir Thomas Steward of the Isle of Eli; but he takes them all for his Enemies, that would not let him undo his best Friend: and above all that live, I think he is Injuriarum persequentissimus, as Porcius Latro said of Catiline. He talks openly that it is sit some should act more vigorously against your Forces, and bring your Person into the power of the Parliament. He cannot give a good word of his General the Earl of Essex, because he says the Earl is but half an Enemy to your Majesty, and hath done you more favor than harm. His Fortunes are broken, that it is impossible for him to subsist, much less to be what be aspires to, but by your Majesty's Bounty, or by the Ruin of us all, and a common Confusion, as one said, Lentulus salvâ Repub. salvus esse non potuit, Paterc. In short, every Beast hath some evil properties; but Cromwell hath the properties of all evil Beasts. My humble motion is, that either you would win him to you by the Promises of fair Treatment, or catch him by some stratagem, and cut him short. Now if it shall be objected, Who reports this saving the Archbishop himself, to magnify his own parts, that he was so excellent in fore-sight, and as Ajax slighted his Rival, I satisfy it thus: His Servants, and they that daily listened to his Discourses, have heard it come from him, long before the accident of saddest experience, how some of them would live to see, when Cromwell would bear down all other Powers before him, and set up himself. The King received it with a smile; and said nothing. Darius destinatus sorti suae, etiam nullius salubris consilii patiens. Yet that Darius was the best of all the Persian Kings from Cyrus, and for want of heed to the best Counsels lost all. Our King was wise among wise men of the first magnitude: full of constant and great Virtues, all of them Pearls of a clear water, but had not the luck to hit the right, when he came to particulars. Yet I have heard some that were about him at Oxford protest, that he hath said in their hearing, I would some would do me the good Service to bring Cromwell to me alive or dead. All good Subjects were bigg with that wish, when it was too late. Curt. lib. 8. Male humanis ingeniis natura consuluit, quod plerunque non futura, sed transact a perpendimus: It is a sore Punishment upon Man's Understanding, that the Fillar of Fire is behind it, and the cloudy Pillar before it. The Fire lets it see the Harm that is done, that we may repent and bewail it; but the Cloud doth darken it before, that ofttimes it hath no forecast to prevent it. Which is all one, as if a Knife should cut better with the Back than with the Edge.

199. Much Prayer and Fasting were indicted and observed at this time in Oxford: A mighty Expectation was raised, what the Parliament would bring forth, which opened there. But what Parliament shall we call it? The same that was summoned to meet at Westminster, Nov. 3. 1640? The same: For they were the Members of them two Houses neither called by new Writs, or new chosen, but the best of the old Stock, summoned hither by the King, to take to themselves their Right to be the High Court of Parliament: But the Parliament continued still at Westminster, and can one Body be in two places? Habent hoc publicae necessitates, ut impossibilia plerum{que} persuadeant, Quintil. lib. 6. c. 3. This was a Knot not easily to be untie'd, but a Scruple to distract the best Gown-men that had the soundest Judgment in the Laws: Nothing but high Necessity could resolve the Riddle, such a Necessity as could find no other way to save the King and his Kingdoms: That Necessity compelled to stride over the seeming Absurdity, to have one politick Body (not one natural) in two places. They that sat at Westminster were a Parliament by the force of an unhappy Statute passed to them two years before: They that sat at Oxford were the same Parliament removed thither, because they could not discharge their Trust with their fellow-Members, nor abide in Conscience to hear the King's Honor traduced daily; therefore the Common Safety, which they had undertaken as Members of Parliament, compelled them to such a way as was without President, because no Subjects had ever so much endangered the Crown of the King, and the Wealpublick. New Injuries require new Remedies. And we may learn much from a Passage in Quintilian, lib. 7. Tot saeculis nullam repertam esse causam, quae sit tota alteri similis. The Members therefore of these two Houses took their places in the fair Schools of the University: Sir Richard Lain, Lord-Keeper of the Great-Seal, being Speaker in the House of the Lord's, and Serjeant Sampson Evers in the House of Commons. An appearance there was beyond imagination, of the Peers and best Gentry: The words of the Orator will set it out gracefully, Philip. 3. Talis Senatorum & dignitas, & multitudo fuit, ut magnâ excusatione iis opus sit, qui talie in castra non venerunt. The King was marvelously pleased with the frequency of so many courageous persons, whom he knew not well how to protect, least of all to reward them: As the same Author writes it of Tarquin driven out of Rome, lib. de amicit. Se intellexisse quos fidos amicos habuisset, quosque insidos, cum jam neutris gratiam refer possit. So the good King knew not Sheep from Goats, Loyal from rebellious, till he was neither in condition to chastise the one, or advance the other. After great Consult in Parliament, when the best Orators had been fully heard, it was unanimously resolved, that this Share of Parliament should send a Message to the other Share, (with Leave obtained from their General the Earl of Essex ) for His Majesty's Safety, to come to London, for suspension of Arms, to fill up the House at Westminster, with one Body, all Affronts on both sides to be obliterated, and Conditions for Amity for the future, and the Public Good to be propounded. All which was uncivilly rejected, and nothing granted, but to stand to the mercy of an insolent Clutter. Of the King's Parliament (which had agreed in a most reasonable Message, though proudly scorned) some voted, in the warmth of their Courage, that the Part at Westminster was an illegal and traiterous Convention. Some slaked the Flame with cool Arguments, That they were very bad Members, and greatly abused their Trust, yet they kept their Places by the consent of both Houses, and the Royal Consent had passed it into an Act: That this course would emperil the validity of all Parliaments past and to come: That the Blame would fall upon the King principally, whose confirmation of their continuance to hold out this Session was not revocable; Princeps ad contractum tenetur ut privatus, cum maxim in eo requiritur bona sides, Duckius de Jure, p. 44. That the King's Forces were thin, ill armed, ill paid, and it behooved not them that were low to use high words: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , AEschyl. They that are declined, must incline to Moderation. The resolute Members answered, It was true, an Act of Parliament cannot be revoked, but by a Parliament. What did they make of this Body of Lord's and Commons met at Oxford? They would draw a Bill, and offer it to the King, to repeal that stale Association. The King had ratified their Bill for continuation of a Session; but a Promise holds not, if such a Mischief break out upon it, as the Promiser cannot with Conscience and Safety hold Faith with them. It is a Maxim in the most ancient Laws of the World, Omnia debent idem esse quae suerant cum promitterem, ut promittentis fidem teneas, Senec. de ben. lib. 4. c. 35. The Success of the Enemy was not so prosperous as it was given out and seared, but were they ten times stronger, they would not abate them a jot of the Impeachment of Traitors. The more Violence they did use to shake off that name, the more it would cleave to them. But let the times grow worse,

And our last Breath shall be in Cicero 's words, Phil. 7. Dicam quod dignum est Senatore & homine Romano, moriamur. Death is not so formidable as to submit to Rebels. Which of these two Opposites did argue best, let Solomon judge, if he were alive, in which mind I dismiss it; for that which outgoes my Knowledge shall never undergo my Censure. As our English People say, Much Cry and little Wool; these two Houses produced small things in the close: Nothing more uncertain than what a Parliament will bring forth in the end. At the Colloquy at Ratisbon, Tanner granted, that the Pope might err in a Council, unless he used all due and ordinary means: But the Jesuit in effect granted nothing; For, says he, without all doubt and question he doth ever use those means. But if a Parliament were all Popes, and made out their Consults with the Line and Plumbet of the best Diligence, Obliquity would fall out, because all human Light burns dim in the Lanthorn of thick misty Passions. It is observed, that His Majesty removed one Parliament to Oxford in the first of his Reign, this other in the nineteenth, both rose up abruptly, and gave him small content. How is it that public Councils were improsperous in those delicate Seats of Arts and Sciences? The Genius of the place is not pleased with those Areopagites, for they are not proper Visitors of its learned Foundations. Themistius hath these words in an Oration upon the Muses, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , They all agree very well together, but the Muses like no other company.

200. Oxford wanted not Bishops at this time, many lodged in it; but they were excluded to sit and vote as Peers in Parliament, yet their presence served for very good use. His Majesty had preferred Dr. Frewin, the President of Magdalene -College, to the Bishopric of Lichfield and Coventry, whom none of his Predecessors did exceed in Prudence, Bounty, and Advancement of learned Scholars, who was consecrated by the Archbishop of York in the Chapel of his own College, and feasted the Nobles and Clergy in a fair Room built at his own Cost. It is not to be passed over, that he left the Presidentship of that College, a place of Security and Plenty, to take a Bishopric, when those Dignities were voted out of the Church by the Disciplinarians, and their Revenues offered to sale to pay the Charges of their Army. Which was an act of as much Hope and Courage, as that Roman 's in Livy, That when Rome was besieged by Hannibal, bargain'd for, and bought that piece of Land, upon which the Carthaginians had pitched their Camp. To return from this little Diversion into the great Road, When the Parliament had made a recess, His Majesty called a few able Statesmen to him in private, among whom our Archbishop was one, and being the first in precedency, was called upon to begin, and to say freely what might best be done, to bring His Majesty, and his faithful part, out of those Troubles, which the Lord's and Gentlemen, that lately undertook it, had left no better than they found them. The Archbishop was very backward, and made many Excuses, desiring to hear others, that had been more assiduous in those great Affairs, which being not granted, he was honester than the Oracle of Apollo, as Eusebius objects it to the Pagans, lib. 6. Praep. Evan. c. 1. That the Oracle, much importuned in a certain case, and loath to give an Answer, burst out into this passion, Retine vim istam: falsa enim dicam si coges: An Evasion sit for the Couesels of the Devil. But the Archbishop took his mark from St. Ambrose, Ep. 29. to Theodosius, Ne{que} est imperiale libertatem dicendi negare, ne{que} Sacerdotale quod sentias non dicere. So he broke into the matter.

There was danger in so much Plain-lealing; for Xenophon, lib. 2. Hist. relates, that in a Case to this as near as can be, Archestratus was cast in Prison, for advising the Athenians to take such Conditions of Peace, as the Lacedemonians would give them, after their great Overthrow at Aegos-potamos. Yet some noble persons, at the prosecution of this Consultation, struck in with the Archbishop's Judgment, the most dissented, the King was not pleased in it, and the Burden lay upon the Fore-man that began it. Says the Son of Sirach, c. 7, 5. Boast not of thy Wisdom before the King. The Note of Grotius is extant upon it, Qui excellunt sapientiâ suspecti ferme regibus. But the Gallantry of the Array were quite out of patience to hear of it, their Heaven upon Earth was to see the day that they might subdue and be revenged of the Roundheads. The common Soldier, that subsisted upon Pay and Plunder, had as lieve die as lose his Trade: Tanta dulcedo est ex alienis fortunis praedandi, Liv. lib. 6. Now, because this was called the Archbishop's Judgment, though others consented, and suffered hard words, it will be to some purpose to unfold it a little, and to defend the Innocent: For he that lives may out-wear a Disgrace, not he that is dead: Therefore Arist. maintains it in his ninth Problem, that it is more just to do right to the Dead, than to the Living.

201. First, let the magnanimous Junto be heard, who would try the hazard of War to the last, and had rather lose their Heads, than put them under the Girdle of a Presbyterian Conventicle: It is enough (quoth they) to lend our Ears to a dishonorable Advice; but shall we buy Peace with Dishonor? We will never rent it for so much: He that fears Death, doth not enjoy his Life. It was an Ignominy in the Athenians, which they will never blow off, Just. lib. 5. Imminente periculo belli major salut is quàm dignitatis cura fuit. Faint Hearts, that in a sore War had more respect to their Safety than their Dignity. We are not of Athens, but of England; and what are they under whose Authority we should truckle? Heady, arrogant, implacable, that look upon their Speaker's Mace, as if it were the Scepter that swayed the whole World. Adeo est natura multitudinis, aut servit humiliter, aut impotenter dominatur, Liv. lib. 23. One of the three things that disquiet the Earth, says Solomon, is an Handmaid that is Heir to her Mistress, Prov. 30.23. But it will disquiet the Earth a great deal more, to have such Vassals exalted to be Kings, and while His Majesty lives, to become Heirs to their Master. We'll not cap and kneel to them, we'll meet them on Hounslow-health. Totidem nobis animae{que} manusque, Aen. 10. We cannot believe that God will suffer such Foes and Furies to prosper any longer; Fortune hath served them, and will soon be weary of that Service. Nulli fortuna tam dedita est, ut multa tentanti ubi{que} respondeat, Senec. lib. 1. de irâ, c. 3. We are great Sinners we confess, yet we are obedient to the Church, loyal to the King, faithful to our Laws and Country. Non potest baerere in tam bonâ causâ & tam bonis civibus tam acerba injuria, Cic. Orat. pro Caecinnâ. Our fellow-Subjects in London, and most about in all places, have been entranced or bewitched; Neighbor-Princes are drowsy and supine, not aware that their turn will come shortly, if they endure a Rebellion so near them, and not advance to correct it. The Crown of England hath never wanted Aid in the most desperate plunges. Regum afflictae fortunae multorum opem alliciunt ad misericordiam, quod regale nomen magnum, & Sanctum esse videtur, Orat. pro le. Manil. But whatsoever becomes of us, God forbid the King should leave himself to the will of the Kirk, and John Knoxe 's Scholars. The Indignities they showed to his Grandmother will never be forgotten. Trust these broken Reeds? Parthis fides dictis faclisque nulla, nisi ubi expedit, Just. lib. 21. They are lovers of their own Faction, fall • e to all the World beside. In fine, this is a Knot not to be unloosened with our Tongue, as if we were Boys at Blow point, but we will cut it asunder with our Swords. This was strong and rough. But to this one of the Lord's of the Moderation would be like to reply, That it were pity such redoubted Valour should not be reserved for Service of more likely Success.

Our Sins have brought us to this dejection, to ask Quarter of them, when it was our Right to have given Mercy and Life to them, when they had begged it. I expect these will show no Generosity to their Betters upon the close. Omne • l justum censent, quicquid superior contra inferiorem decerneret; as Augustus said of the Pannenians, Dion. lib. 44. The baser their Carriage shall be to His Majesty and his Friends, the worse it will be for themselves, for it will make their Tyranny more odious. Do you imagine, when we yield so far, but that we foresee their own Pride and Demerits will in a little time cast them out of possession, and we are confident, ere long, all will revert into its former Channel. God se •• geth us by them, to let the People feel the difference between the Reign of a sweet King, and the Violence of a sort of Mohammedan Bashaws. As in the like case God says, 2 Chron. 12.8. Nevertheless they shall be Shisach' s servants, that they may know my service, and the service of the Kingdoms of the Countries. Gentlemen, you see much Hope to raise up the King, but where? in that Courage that is within yourselves. I cannot see it abroad. Trust not in Princes, nor in any Child of Man. The next-neighbor King, the French I mean, might and ought to assist His Majesty by alliance of Blood; and I think I say not amiss, that he is his greatest Enemy. I remember the words of a Stranger, that writes our History, Polyd. Virg. lib. 23. Hine colligere licet Aethiopem posse priùs mutare pellem, quàm qui terram incolunt Gallicam valde multum diligere Anglos. At home in our own Country the silly People every day fall away apace. Si labant res lassae itidem amici collabaseunt, Plaut. in Styc. And we ourselves are in part guilty of it. Most look to govern Garrisons, and to take Contributions of the Villages to the quick, and to spend them lavishly; as Diodorus says, lib. 5. That the Dogs at Cuma leave the scent of the Beasts they hunt, and stoop to smell at the Flowers of the Meadows: Therefore I say, before we be quite abandoned, and our Fortunes stoop lower, give this Sop to Cerberus, give them a Blank, and we shall bleed fewer ounce; of Wealth and Honor. I would I knew once the worst that shall be imposed on us: It is better to grieve for what we bear, than to fear at Uncertainty what we may bear. Doleas quantum scias accidisse, timeas quantum potest accidere, Plin. lib. 8. Grief is finite, but Fear is infinite. That Parliament dare not but receive the King with all outward Gratulations, they have made so much protestation to it already, and the Law of God and Nations extort it: For if the People rebel, and be tired out to submit, the King is still bound to keep his Oath, and to govern them by his known Laws. And if the King be wearied out in a Civil War, and let the People win the Day, the People must still perform their sworn Allegiance to the King. You hear my Judgment different from worthy persons in a great case, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 : It is an honorable Error to be mistaken in so great a matter. Marvel not that my words appear the fruits of a low Spirit; marvel that the Anger of God hath compelled us to it. I reckon not myself in the motion, but the King, his Posterity, and his Kingdoms. Wisdom is not the same thing at all times; neither is Truth always of the same stature. Hear Tully, because he never spake better, Orat. pro Planc. Hoc de sapientibus, & clarissimis viris accepi, non semper easdem sententias ab ••• dem, sed quascunque reip. status, inclinatio temporum, & ratio concordiae postulant esse deferendas. And it is noted in as great a Christian, as he was a Heathen, That exactness of Honor, Justice, and Decorum cannot be kept even at all times, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Synes. ep. 67. So that the Counsels of the great Athanasius did give place to the variation of Times. The Leaders of both sides have spoken; but the negative did carry it. Perhaps I may say with the old Proverb, Chorus ejus major est, meus meliùs eccinit: yet I would rebuke him that should think the worse of those heroically resolved men from the fatal Accidents of succeeding Times. Doubtless we had compounded for less blood, less loss of Honor, less confusion with the Presbyters then, than with the Independent or Congregational Tyranny after. The first pinnion'd our Arms, the latter cut them off. The first were like the Philistines, which made the Children of Israel their Slaves; the other were the Chaldeans that murdered our King, pulled down every great Man's House, and the House of the Lord. The one gave us Vinegar to drink, and the other Gall. The one made us a miserable nation, the other have made us execrable Parricides to God and Man.

202. All being run over, and disputed in this Argument, the Archbishop controlled not the greater number, and therein the better, because the King was better satisfied to try his right by his Sword. It is fit to serve Kings in things lawful with undiscoursed Obedience, which Climachus calls Sepulchrum voluntatis:

says our Master Poet Johnson. So the Archbishop took the Ball fairly, not at the •• oly, but at the first rebound. It is a Motto of great sense and use, which Mr. Gataker cites Lib. • . Anton. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , a good man is either right or rectified: as some Plants grow straight, some are helpit by adminiculation to be straight: and some are wise at the first sight, some not until the second inspection into a Cause. Now our Prelate leaves Oxford at the opening of the Spring, with a Charge from his Majesty to look to North-Wales, chiefly Conway-Castle; with easy Journeys, and the safe-guard of some Forces, that marchit the most of the way that he road, he came to Conway, and that was his last Journey in this World, where some few years after, like old Jacob, Gen. 49.33. He gathered up his feet into his bed, where he first set his feet upon the Ground.

One year, and a tedious one, run out, in listening to things abroad, how the King's Forces and his Garrisons did speed. The bold Britain's would believe them that reported the best, and the best was that they were Cadmaean Wars, Et semper praelia clade pari, Propert. It molested them not a little, that they were jealous among themselves, how to keep their own. For we that live in the South slander them, if their common men be not Filchers and Thieves.

says noble Chaucer. As many in those Counties, as had Plate, Coin, Jewels, Moveables that were precious, besides their Writings and Evidences, got favor of the Archbishop to slow them up in the Castle, each Person having an Inventory of his own share. And some suspected to be corrupt-hearted to the Royal Cause, obtained that favor; the ground of much ensuing mischief. But it was the forecast of the wise Prelate to take Hostages, as it were, from such, and to be secured against their Revolt, being in possession of the best of their Substance. A Twelve-month after Sir Jo. Owen, a Colonel for the King, that had gone out with a Regiment of Foot, and returned after a year with a few of the shattered Remnant, though he had been unfortunate against his Enemies, would try his Valour upon his Friends, and contrived how to recover his Debts and Damages with the Spoil of Conway-Castle: slighting with the clack of his singers all sober Counsel, That all North-Wales was concerned to have their Wealth in the custody of so trusty a person as his Grace of York, that their hearts were with their bag and baggage; if he made a prey of it, their whole Body would turn against him; that nothing would prosper after it in the King's behalf, that their Atlas in those parts, the Archbishop, had the custody under the Signet to remain quiet in it, till his cost bestowed on it should be refunded to him, which was not hitherto treated upon or offered, that the Prince, the General, had corroborated his Majesty's pleasure therein, and had commanded all Officers by Sea and Land to assist him in it. What Conditions could be assured to any man by Royal Faith, if these were broken? A violent Man, and a Furioso was deaf to all this, and purchased the favor of Prince Rupert to be made under his Hand (not equal to the King's Signet) to be Commander of the Castle, and by force he surprised it, and entered it: which in somewhat more than one year was taken from him by Colonel Milton, who relieved the Archbishop, and such as had Interest in it, to carry away their Goods which remained. All this fell into a hard Construction, derogating much to the Archbishops credit; and the infamy was not only hot, when it was fresh, but it cools not much to this time. Though Love hath a soft hand to touch where it loves, I will not so far defend the whole Process, but I confess he was more earnest than advised in this unlucky action. Camerarius penning the Life of Melanchthon, casts in a few sweet words thus, Out of my great opinion of him, Quaedam forte cariùs existimem quàm mereantur: But I disdain to call bad good, and darkness light. Yet in justice I must patronize the noble Williams against Mr. Sanders. Hist. p. 889. in these Lines, That he fortified his Garrison against the King, and dissuaded the Country from contribution to the King. Those were Times, when he wrote, to outface Truth, and willing to listen to Slanders: no wonder if many took the liberty, and had the confidence to broach Fictions. And it is a great advantage against the Truth, when Lies and false Rumours have got the start to speak first, chiefly when they have spread long, Thus much I will undertake, to inform all Readers with truth in the matter, and satisfy the greatest part of many men with a clear Apology.

203. He builds ill that lays not a sure Foundation, therefore my Entrance shall be from the very words, not a syllable varied, wherein the Archbishop laid forth to his Majesty, how he had suffered from Sir Jo. Owen, which he sent to Oxford by Captain James Martin, a faithful and undaunted Soldier; and by his diligence it was registered among other Complaints, when he could get no more. The Instructions follow:

Every Line of this Remonstrance is just, humble, pathetical, yet came to nothing. The time was protracted from week to week, and at last an Answer, like to a Denial, is given to Capt. Martin, That it should be considered at more leisure. One Hector, a phrase at that time for a daring Russian, had the ear of great ones sooner than five strict men, that served the King unblameably before God and all his People. But when the Messenger returned to Wales, and brought not the least satisfaction, not a complemental Excuse to pacify the Archbishop, he said nothing, lest he should have said too much: But as Livy notes upon Fabius the Consul, when Papirius Cursor was made Dictator over his head, Apparuit insignem dolorem ingenti animo comprimi: A great Spirit was chased with a great Indignity.

204. Fifteen Months were run out after the Archbishop received this baffle to be postponed to Sir J. Owen (the time is truly digited) and a year of darkness and gloominess came upon this miserable Land. Nasby Fight was struck, the Lord Jacob Astly defeated, the Western strong Holds reduced to Fairfax, Chester surrendered, Oxford itself begirt; as Mindarus wrote to Sparta in his short Country Language, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , all that was good was undone. Chester being possessed by Col. Milton, the Door into North-Wales, he, full of Animosity against the Royal Cause, marcheth over Dee, through Flint and Denbyshires, unto the Town of Conway, where the Conawians would as soon fight for a May-poll, as for Sir J. Owen. The amazed People turn to the Archbishop, look upon his strong wisdom and grey hairs to stop the cruelty of the Conqueror, and to lighten the yoke of their Misery. And an aged Counselor is a Sovereign help at such a pinch. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Plut. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . Long time of Life, which robs us of all things else, pays us the Principal again with Use in Knowledge and Wisdom. The Archbishop's Grace calls some few to Counsel with him, who agree to parly with Milton (one that understood his own strength, and their weakness). The Welsh made some high Demands, which were not heard patiently. They perceived Milton 's mind was at the Castle, where the Archbishop's Wealth, and of divers far and near was deposited, which was ready to come every jot into the Colonels power; whom they perceived to be rather haughty than covetous, and they closed by insinuations with him, relating how Sir J. Owen had surprised the Castle, detained their Goods, and insulted over them, who had born Arms in the same Cause, therefore they offered to join with him to put him into the Castle, with condition that every Proprietary might obtain what he could prove by the Archbishops Inventory to belong to him, and for the Overplus, let it fall to the Colonels Mercy; whose Consent the Archbishop's Art and fair Language drew on. And not the least time being spent in delay, the Soldiers entered the Castle both by Scalada, and by forcing the Gates, assisted by the Archbishop's Kindred, and other Welch; and Milton kept the Castle, and kept his Word, to let the Owners divide the Goods among themselves, to which they laid Title, and could prove it. Let another take the Archbishop's room, and discharge it better. That which was lost, the Castle, could not be kept; that which was saved helped the King's Friends to subsist, which his gracious goodness would allow. Yes, but Milton was a Rebel. And may not a Rebel be used to do acts of Justice or Charity? Licet uti alieno peccato, is often allowed in most conscionable Divinity. Make the case that one of the King's Ships at Sea piratically board a London Merchant, and spoil him; shall the Merchant be debarred from imploring an Algiers Captain to get him his own again, if he could find that favor? Here's the case, and all the case, upon whose mis-report the Archbishop's good Name did suffer deeply. For whose justification more may be said, than they that love detraction are willing to hear. Says Sanderson, He fortified his Garrison against the King: No such matter. Mliton took the Garrison, and kept it: but his Grace retired to his dear Kinswoman's House, the Lady Mostyn. Yet says another, He was forward in the action in his own person, which was to fall away from the King. It is replied, He was ever slow to revenge an unjust wrong, but earnest to recover a just right: which Salust commends in Jugurtha 's Wars, Non minus est turpe sua relinquere, quàm aliena invadere injustum. This made him thrust himself in among the Assailants, which in my censure of his Carriage did not become him. Else what harm was it to save his own stake and his Friends, without prejudice to the King's interest, whose Part could no longer hold any Garrison in England:

From his Fidelity to his Majesty he never went back an inch. He suffered in the imputation to the contrary as innocently, as the Prophet Jeremy did, c. 37.13. who when he had separated himself from the People, Irijah laid hold of him, and said, Thou fallest away to the Chaldeans. So Athanasius was banished by the good Emperor Constantine, being impeacht that he hindered the victualling of Alexandria, which might have endangered the ruin of the City. What did our Archbishop in this otherwise than his Excellency the noble Marquess of Ormond, whom Sanderson justly praiseth, That he thought it more honorable to surrender to the Parliament Forces, what the King held in Ireland, than to suffer the interest of the English Protestants, to fall under the power of the Irish Papists. Actions are not rigidly to be perpended, into which one is thrust by necessity. A mild man, Nazianzen, pleaded pardon for them, who, being showed the wrack, set their hands to Athanasius 's banishment; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Orat. de laud. Athanasii. Their Mind was true, their Pen was forced. Integrity must be more precious to a Man than his Life: but in some things to be reduced to obey Rebels is no departure from Integrity. He was a Lord Chancellor of France, whose Decipher agrees exactly with this great Prelate, sometimes Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, Guido Rupifalcaudius citra ignaviam circumspectus, & generose cautus: & tempori ita cedens, ut consertis manibus integritatem fervaret, Budaeus de As. fol. 36.

205. The Historian Sanderson 's Ink drops another Blot upon the Archbishop's Honor, That he dissuaded the Country from Contribution to the King. I must exclaim as Demosthenes did, when Aeschines run into a great Absurdity, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ; why do you not take Hellebore, or Bears-foot, as we call it in English, to purge Melancholy? So quite is everything mistaken. For the Welch in those Parts had now laid down their Arms, the Enemy being six to one that was broke in upon them. Omnes, quorum in alterius manu vita posita est, saepiùs cogitant, quid potest is, cujus in ditione, & potestate sunt, quàm quid ipsi debent facere, Cic. pro Quinctio. It was no time for the Subdued to show their Teeth, when they could not bite. Besides, they paid no Contribution before, but for their own defense, neither carried Moneys out of their own Country: The scarcity of Coin is well known in that remote corner of the Kingdom; they have Meat and Drink good store for their Bellies, and home-spun Frieze for their backs, as the Modern Greeks have a Proverb in barbarous words, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , God provides thick Mantles for clothing, where there are hard Frosts. But the Silver of the Welch, which they talk of is in the Mines of the Mountains, not in their Purses: or you may say their Sacks are full of Corn, but they are not so lucky as Joseph 's Brethren were, to have money likewise in their Sacks mouths, Gen. 42.27. Yet suppose they had been able now to make a bountiful Levy, would Milton have suffered them to send it to the King? Or might it be, they could have done it by stealth, their Friends at Oxford were blockit up, and could not come by it. Collect then, what unlikelihood, nay, what impossibility there was to dissuade those Counties from Contribution to the King. 'It is far better yet on the Archbishops side, he might go bare-faced through the World, and not be ashamed, but rather admired for the good Service he did to his depressed Country-men in their greatest necessity. Livy says of the Corinthians, when they looked for hard bondage from the Romans, and quite above their expectation, a Praeco standing by the Commander of the Legions proclaimed Liberty to them, and to all the vanquishit Grecians, Mirabundi velut somni speciem arbitrabantur: So after the Archbishop had turned Milton up and down with fine Discourses, and wrought him like Wax, the People thought they were in a Dream, when their League was made upon these Conditions, That none of those Counties should compound for Delinquency, nor be burden'd with Free-quarter, nor have the Covenant offered to them, nor be charged with Taxes, but only in Victual for Men and Horse in the Garrisons. As Valerius says Lib. 7. of Anaximenes saving Lampsacum, by turning Alexander 's vow to destroy it, to be the obligation to save it, Salus urbis vasramenti beneficio constitit: So these Cambro-Britain's were conserved by the cunning and dexterity of a Master-wit, and let Col. Milton come in for his share of easiness and lenity. Oxford had tolerable Articles of Immunity upon the Surrender: Exeter had better than it: but North-Wales had the best of all; and was never much oppressed after, but by Vavasor Powel: he and his fellow Praedicants ransackit all that the poor Church had, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Soph. Antig. Those New-light-men, that thought they were near to be Prophets, were very rapacious and covetous. Let the Archbishop's carriage super totam materiam now be brought to the Touch-stone: except some unadvisedness to venture personally upon the Castle (and it was no worse) had been, I see nothing could make any noise, which made the entrance to a wrong, but a great suspicion. Dr. Harmer hath flourishit it over with fine Latin to bring off the Archbishop from obloquy: but I am better acquainted from sure Hands and Papers about every occurrence, and leave him to his own elegancies. This was the Judgment of Col. Samuel Sands of Ambersly near to Worcester, which he gave to Mr. John Griffith, and the resolution of Col. Samuel Sands of Ewel in Surrey delivered to myself, That this matter was discoursed by many as good as themselves, and that all concluded, it was an Action very excusable, and full of prudence, and that the most of them were acquainted with the Apology which his Grace made to his Majesty. How unlike is it that this Man should be unfaithful to the King at this blunt only, and make his Life so unlike to itself in all his proceedings and studies before and after? It is a motion which Tully makes, Orat. pro Sullâ, and a just Judge cannot deny it: Neque potest quisquam nostrum subito fingi, neque cujusquam vita repent mutari, aut naturâ converti. Vita torqueatur, ex illâ quaeratur. An excellent Rule of Reason and Charity to silence many Defamations. Take another Maxim, which is good in all Courts in and out of England. Qui in reatu decedit integro statu decedit, Bad. l. 2. in Pand. f. 3. The Archbishop was never brought to Answer for this imputed Misdemeanour; yet that will not drive the Nail home: but he that is impleaded, and yet no Judgment awarded, dies an Innocent. Few consider how odious the voice of Slander is before the God of Truth. In the two and twentieth Chapter of Deuteronomy, compare the 19th and 29th Verses, and you shall find, how he that defames a Virgin to be a Whore, is amerced in twice as many Shekels, as he that deflowered a Maid, and made her a Whore. If the Slanderer have recourse for his own Apology to common Report and Fame, his Judgment marcheth after the Devil's Drum. Our time honored Chaucer, in his pretty Fiction of the House of Fame, condemns the Giddiness of common Talk, in a very pleasant Art: That Aeolus brought two Trumpets to Fames House, one of Laud, another of Slander; That Fame would not suffer Aeolus to wind out the Praise of some, though most deserving; bad him cry up others of no merit; authorized him to disgrace divers, that had done things worthy of Renown.

When Aeolus 's foul Blasts are over, which will not continue long, the Glory of this Archbishop, and his Innocency, will mount above the Envy and Credulity of his Foes; wherewith his Memory must be content, as Socrates was Cum ab hominibus sui temporis parum intelligebatur, posterorum judiciis se reservavit, Quintil. lib. 11.

206. What a long range of Displacings, Disfavours, Censures, Sequestrings, Imprisonments, Hurries to and fro, and Revilings hath this famous Prelate met with in his troublesome Life, and rather passed by them than through them? No Cross could come so heavy to him, but he could cut it into small shivers, and play with them in his Hand, but never take the whole weight upon his Shoulder: As the Gloss says on Exod. 4. v. 4. when Moses put forth his Hand, and took the Serpent by the Tail, and it became a Rod in his Hand, Ut serpens, ad laedendum sit baculus ad sustentandum: So the Oppressures that in Three and twenty years, without intermission, exercised the Defense and Patience of one man, made him stand the stronger. Not a Stoic, but a Christian, may say, Though Miseries have a real Evil in them not to be denied, yet there is much of mere Opinion in their nature. That Industry which is the daily Vocation of a diligent man, would crack the Sinews of a Sluggard. That Solitariness which is one man's Comfort, is another's Captivity. That Abstinence, which is Health to a sober man, would put a Glutton in fear of starving. And those Troubles which are Potions to a weak Constitution, are Wine and Myrrh to the found and lusty. I reach not too high when I set forth this Archbishop to be an undaunted Sufferer, like Paul rather than Job, one that could wipe off Afflictions as easily as he could dry his Hands when he had washed them: Yet in the end one eminent Sorrow cut his Heart,

and no Comfort could ever cure it, but Death. Our excellent, but most unfortunate King, took a strange farewell of Oxford: Ferme fugiendo in media fata ruitur, says Livy; What God wills shall be done; he that shuns his Destiny meets it by flying from it. His Majesty, unwilling to stay to the last in a City begirt, (for it would be inglorious to fall into the Hands of his Subjects, like a Prisoner) by the persuasion of Monsieur Mountrevile, went privily out of Oxford, and put himself into the Hands of his Native Countrymen and Subjects at New-castle. What! says our Archbishop, when he heard of it, be advised by a Stranger, and trust the Scots! then all is lost. It was a Journey not imparted to above ten persons to know it, begun upon sudden Resolution, against that Rule of Tacitus, Bona consilia morâ valescere. When Pope John XXIII. was told by his Friends, that many things would be charged upon him at the Council of Constance, says the Pope, There is a fault worse than them all, that I am come over the Alps, and have put myself upon this Council. Such was the Mishap of a brave Prince, that to avoid some approaching Harms, threw himself into their custody, that cried, Hail Master, and took Money for him. The Scots, to choose, prefer a Monarchy before any other Government, so they may govern their Monarch: But they are as stiff for a King as the Cappadocians in Livy, that refused the Offer of the Roman Senate to be made a free State, Negant vivere sine rege se posse. And they count it no small Honor, that no Nation at this day can reckon so many Kings, as they have had, One hundred and ten; but no five Nations have murdered so many Kings. To which Impeachment Dr. Rivet, the Professor of Divinity at Leyden, gives this dogrel Answer, Sic sunt Scotorum praefervida ingenia, who were not Blood-hot, but Hell-hot with his Favor. The Scotch at Newcastle to whom the King retired for Safeguard, had a brave occasion to show Faith and Loyalty, but they kept their wont, and sold their Master, as Judas did his to the Jews, to the Race of New-England, the Independent Salvages: O barbarous! perfidious! mammonish! sacrilegious! to make Bargain and Sale of him that sat in God's stead over them! I roar it out to all People and Languages, are you not astonished at it? Which you will not believe, though it be told you, Habbak. 1.5. Crediderim tunc ipsam fidem, humana negotia spectantem, moestum vultum gessisse, Valer. lib. 6. whom Cromwell their Paymaster used as they deserved, and after that day would never believe the false Lesly, that made the Market, nor the turbulent Kirk, in anything. Cromwell was cunning in that Art, and could see through Lesly, and his treacherous Nature, that if Lesly had advantage to betray him, he would take ready Money for him. Like Ptolemy, that betrayed Pompey to Caesar 's Executioners; Qui Pompeii caedem partium fato, non Caesari dederat: Haud dubie idem in ipsum ausurus, si expediret. He would have served Caesar so, if Caesar had been the Blot to hit, and by that to win the Game he played for, Florus, lib. 4. c. 8. There were Thousands and Millions of the Scots innocent of this Crime, Onus invidiae non exuperabile terris, Manil. lib. 2. which struck Grief to the bottom of their Souls to hear it, that washed their Hands from the foulness of it, and cursed the Traitors to Damnation, who had left such an indelible Stain upon their Kingdom. But what an iniquous thing it is, that the Contagion of a part should infect the Honor of all the good People of a Country?

207. England deserved worse, and heard worse than these Jocky-Pedlars that chaffer'd away their King, and our Countrymen are received abroad in some places, to this day, as the Off-scouring of Europe. Our Gentlemen that travel know it, how the Spaniards shrugg'd and stop'd their Noses at them, when they met them in Madrid. There is a Reason why the French give them no less Civility than they were wont; their Heads were in the Plot of our Civil Wars; they looked on as unconcerned Spectators, till our King was taken out of the way, and instantly confederated with our new States the Traitors, and consented to all their Articles and base Demands: So much are they fallen from that Honor, which their own Thuanus gives them, an. 1559. p. 616. Afflict is Principibus fidum, ac tutissimum semper fuit apud Gallos persugium. This perhaps was true, when such sage Senators as Thuanus swayed the Court: But how much of late is the case altered? But I hasten to the beginning and end of the saddest Tragedy that ever was acted since that of our Blessed Savior. Our Innocent King, a Lamb dumb before the Shearer, being cheated out of the Presbyterian Guards which kept him, Cromwell and his Maniple of Miscreants seized on him: Cromwell, that Imp of Satan, compounded of all Vice and Violence, and Titan -like Courage, devoid of all Pity and Conscience, the greatest of the Soldiery, and by his Arts greater than them all, waxen to be a Colossus, between whose strides the Seas flowed, his Countenance confessed him a Tyrant, such as Domitian was; Saevus ill vultus & rubor, à quo se contra ruborem muniebat, Tacit. Vit. Jul. Agr. But he that blusheth always, can give no Testimony of Shame in his Face: He regarded not Parliament, Courts of Law, Patents, Charters, much less any Canons which Holy Church had ever appointed, no, nor the Scriptures of God, in comparison of some new Light shining in the Lanthorn of his own Head: But his way was to govern three Kingdoms by his Armies, the Armies by the Agitators, and the Agitators by himself, whom he shot dead upon the place, if they crossed his Will; Superbus, & sanguinarius, & volens militariter imperare: It is as true Cromwell, as it was Macinus in Capitol 's History. But that which sped him in all his Villanies was Perjury, like Ferdinand the Castilian, Ferdinandus grande perfidiae lucrum tulit, Thuan. anno 1502. a very Lysander in Plutarch, that cozened men with Oaths, as Nurses do Children with Plums and Cake-bread: He took as many Oaths (they were the Full-Moons of his Protestations) and kept as few as any that was ever baptized in the Name of Christ, unless Pope Alexander the Sixth did match him, Quo nemo speciosius juramentum juravit, qui minus praestitit nemo unquam fuit, Match. Resp. p. 76. He was so accustomed to forswear himself, that he could not leave it in Toys and Driblets; yet would sooner keep Faith with Fernando the Portugal Jew, to provide him the best Sacks and Tobacco, than with his Cabinet, and all the fawning Folk that were about him. If I had ever met with a more odious Passage than that in St. Basil, ep. 246. I would afford it him, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , a Morsel fit for the Devil's Stomach. This arch-juggler, to feel the Pulse of the People, suffered His Majesty's Servants to have better access to him, than was under the Presbyterian Restraint; and he set out Declarations in print, That no sure Peace could be made, without due care taken for His Majesty, and his Posterity. You would think he had been as penitent, and as much changed as Apuleius was, lib. 4. Statis ja • , dolis abjectis, asinum me bonae frugi Dominis exhibere; that he was grown weary of all his Roguerie • in his transformed shape. Yet these were but Tricks, to rock all those asleep, who he knew would oppose him, if they were prepared: Sonmo occupari ut possint lenes audiendae sunt naeniae, Arnob. lib. 7. But as soon as he had disposed his Forces to bridle all popitious and strong places of the Land, and to control the Assurance that the City of London might make to save the King's Life, he sell to compass that which Plutarch in Solon 's Life calls the most hated thing among men, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , A Perpetuity or Eternity of falling out; and to implicate the soldiers in such a Crime as could not be pardoned, to make Rebellion immortal. So Tolumnius put the Fidenates on such an Action, as they must fight with Rome to the last man, and never hope for Peace, Liv. lib. 5. Fidennates cruento se • lere interficiendi legatos implicuit, ne spem ullam à Romanis possint recipere. And together he found a means to forgive himself all the Mischief he had done, by getting himself above all Law and Power, that might question him. Matchiavel could find no fault in Cromwell, as he did in Pagalous, because he killed not Pope Julius the Second, when he had him in Perusium. Sic rei magnitudo omnia priora secler • obtegere potuit, & à periculo conservare, De Rep. l. 1. c. 〈◊〉 . So he calls his Familiar Ireton to him, the common Sewer of Malice, Sator, sartorque scelerum, & messor maximus, Plaut. and these complot to draw in above an hundred more, to sit in an High Court of Justice, (give them their Phrase) to bring the King in person to be tried before them, the Indictment is studied and made ready, but St. John and Dorilaus: The great Bellows that blew out the fatal Sentence, was that Son of Perdition Bradshaw, the Rider upon the red Horse (for he sat in Scarlet) and had power to take peace from the earth, that men should kill one another: and there was given to him a great sword, (to cut off the Lord's Anointed, his dear Servant) Rev. 6.4.

208. These, with the Cubbs of the same Litter, shed the Royal Blood upon a Scaffold openly, for no Fault, God knows, but as Beda reports of K. Sigebert, slain by two Ruffians, who rendered this Cause for it, That his Meekness had made many Malefactors, and his Goodness had undone the Kingdom. O unheard of Immanity, above Mariana, and all Jesuitical Positions.

O Sons and Daughters of Jerusalem, droul out an Elegy for good King Josiah, Tristius lacrymis Simonidaeis, Catullus. O most facinorous Fact, next above that of the Priests, that to poison the Emperor Henry the Seventh, forbore not to poison their own God in the Sacrament. O ruthless Monsters, that could stop their Ears at the Prayers of so many Nobles male and female, that kneeled unto them to spare their Sovereign, who would never have been moved, if the People had wept Blood! O day of wailment to all that are yet unborn! 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Synes. Ep. 58. As apt as ever words did light in my way. It was the day that they crucified Christ upon the Cross again. O ye Kings of the Earth, wherefore do ye not revenge it? When Bessus killed Darius, Justin puts you in mind, Communis Regum omnium est causa, lib. 13. every Monarch in Europe was wounded with that stroke: If those Royal persons will not regard it, to whom should the Crown of England make its moan? Let the words of Tully be marked, Act. 7. in Verrem: Si in aliquâ desertissimâ solitudine ad saxa & scopulos haec conqueri vellem, tamen omnia muta & inanima tantâ ac tam indignâ rerum atrocitate commoverentur. But wherefore do we quarrel the remissness of Princes abroad? Since there is not among ourselves that hath the Courage of a gallant man, to meet with Cromwell, who jetts up and down, and strike him to the Heart, and expire upon the Murderer; since the Law cannot punish him for so confessed a Treason, is not the Equity and Vigour of the Law in everyone that can attach him? Si quis eum qui plebiscito sacer sit occiderit homicida non est. That's Law with Budaeus, lib. 2. Pand. fol. 28. Private Revenge is infamous and unlawful; but he is actually condemned that hath killed the supreme Magistrate, and every man is a Magistrate to cut off that Malefactor, when there is no Magistrate or Bench of Justice sitting, to try the Traitor. But it is our Shame, that everyone wisheth that were done by another's Hand, which he dare not for fear do himself. Metellus Macedonicus was dragged to Prison by Catinius Labeo, Tribune of the People: Says Pliny, lib. 7. c. 44. Indignationis dolori accedit, inter tot Metellos tam sceleratam Catinii audaciam semper fuisse inultam. The Cattive Cannibal Cromwell lives, and is mighty, cockers his Genius, and abounds in Luxury: Here Cyclops, drink Wine, says Ulysses, since you have eaten so much Man's-flesh. Says the learned Dr. Duport, Ironice & moraliter dictum, ut somno vinoque conscientiam sopiat, qui homicidium commisit. But our Cyclops will never be able to cast his Conscience into a sound Sleep; the Furies of Hell will often lash him and awake him. Nero was the Murderer of his Mother Agrippina, and though afterward he drowned himself in all sort of Pleasure, he could not avoid the Torment of heavy Remembrance. So Suetonius. par. 24. Ne{que} tamen sceleris conscientiam (quanquam & militum, & senatus, & populi acclamationibus confirmaretur) aut statim, aut unquam postea serre potuit. Had Zimri Peace that slew his Master? Richard the Third seemed to see many Devils haling him, and tormenting him, the night before he was slain in Bosworth Field, Pol. Virg. Hist. p. 25. The same continual Excruciation must be in the Breast of brazen-faced Bradshaw; God will run him into Frenzy with the sight of his Sins, as our Acts and Monuments record, That Judge Morgan fell mad, after he had passed Sentence of Death upon Lady Jane, and cried out, Take away the Lady Jane from me; and died in that Horror. But whither am I carried? Silence in such a Subject before me would condemn me, and Writing enrageth me. Our Critics blame Euripides, that he is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , too long in his Bewailings. I could not contract Laments into a less compass, upon the most deplored end of a thrice-honor'd King, a most pious Saint, a patient and a crowned Martyr; of whom our Prelate Williams preacheth in a Fast-Sermon, p. 55. That he was as like Virtue itself as could be pattern'd in Flesh and Blood. What Velleius writes of Aemilianus is too much for a man, but scarce any one came nearer it than this man, Qui nihil in vitâ nisi laude dignum aut fecit, aut dixit, aut sensit. But I will challenge to King Martyr Charles, what a Christian Historian writes of a very Christian King of ours, Malmsb. lib. 1. c. 4. It is King Kenwolf, to whom Beda dedicates his Ecclesiastical History, Nihil quod livor digne carperet unquam admisit. And let his Death be bewailed his Memory be resresh'd with glorious Praises, and immortal Fame to the Worlds end.

209. The Thread of his Life so dismally cut off, who was the Darling of all that were holy, and feared God, who was the Breath of our Nostrils (as Naz. writ to Basil, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , You are more my Breath than the Air I breathe in. ) This the heaviest Judgment of God that could befall us, turned all England into such a Mourning, as no Relation can describe, or Fancy imagine. Tears burst out, Groanings bellowed forth, Hearts melted like Wax, few but forgot to eat their Bread, Melancholy struck abundance dumb; the saddest Event was, that Frenzies seized on some, and sudden Death on many. It pierced the Archbishop's Heart with so sharp a point, that Sorrow run him down the Hill with that violence, that he never stayed till he came to the bottom, and died. As soon as this Blow was given, many conceived Despairs, and are big with it yet, that the Slavery under which the three Nations are fallen is irrecoverable, till the last and terrible day of the Lord. In which doleful Sadness Lord Primate Usher, I am witness of it, continued to his End. We English are observed to be too credulous of vain Prophecies, such as are Father'd upon Merlin, and no better Authors. I remember an old Scotch man called Money-penny, (if it were his right Name) taught me this Rhime, when I was Fourteen years old:

His Grace of York turned that Prophetick Conceipt into a Religious Practice: Dr. Floyd, a Religious Divine, Preaching a Sermon at his Funeral, extolled the most Reverend Father's Devotion, That from the heavy time of the King's Death, he rose every midnight out of his Bed, and having nothing but his Shirt and Westcoat upon him, kneeled on his bare Knees, and prayed earnestly and strongly one quarter of an hour, before he went to his Rest again. I will inform Dr. Floyd in two things, which he knew not: First, He observed the season of Midnight, because the Scriptures speak of Christ's coming to judge the Quick and the Dead at Midnight. It is true, according to the motion of the Sun and Stars, it will be Day as well as Night in some Climate of the World, but very like to be Night, that is, cloudy Darkness over all the Earth. Secondly, The matter of his Prayer was principally this; Come Lord Jesus, come quickly, and put an end to these days of Sin and Misery. So much I learnt from himself, and so report it. His days were consumed in Heaviness, as his Nights in Mourning: Facetiousness, in which he was singular, came no more out of his Lips, he ceased from Discourse, from Company, as he could, and nothing could hale him out of this Obscurity. Such another Condoler for his King worthy Spottswood remembers, Hist. p. 106. That Will. Elphelston, Bishop of Aberdeon, hearing of the unfortunate Death of K. James the Fourth at Floyden, was never afterward perceived to laugh, nor willingly did he hear anything that sounded to Mirth or Gladness. Mourning for the Dead profits not, yet a tender Nature is liberal of it, and will pay more than it needs. Says Sophocles, If Tears would call the Dead again, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , they would be more valuable than Gold. But a Bucket of them will not empty the dead Sea of Grief. Wise Solon in Laertius taking on heavily for his Son's Death, says his Companion to him, Grief will do you no good. And that makes me grieve the more, says Solon, because it will do me no good. It is a very weak Passion, and yet often too strong for Reason. The Archbishop remained very silent in his dejected Heaviness, and inquired after no News, except that sometimes he would lift up his Head, and ask what became of the King's Triers, Baanah and Rechab especially, Cromwell and Bradshaw, looking for some remarkable Judgment of God to come down upon them; which they have escaped, for the greater trial of good men's Patience: And a Dream of Felicity is granted to them here, that passing from Extremity to Extremity, their Pain may be the sharper when they awake to Judgment. Caesar writes like a Dictator of Reason, de bel. Gal. l. 1. Consnesse Deos immortales, quo gravius homines ex commutatione rerum doleant, quos pro scelere eorum ulcisci velint, his secundiores interdum res, & diuturniorem impunitatem concedere. Synesius hath said a little more, Ep. 44. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . He that holds out long unpunished, after a foul Fact, is to be esteemed most unhappy, and so base, that neither God nor Man regards him. Let these Regicides be reprieved, and each live with himself, he cannot have worse Company than himself, till he descend into Hell.

210. Abite lemures pessimi: I thrust these Infernal Goblins out of my way with the Censure they deserve; and I resume the mournfful Archbishop, who is now come to the end of his days, and I of my Copious Labor. Two Years, and almost Two Months, he consumed in a sequestered and forlorn Condition, scarce any Witness could tell what he did all the while, but that he prayed, and sat at his Book all Day, and much of the Night. That little which he spake at Meals would afford great Essays of Wisdom, and observable Predictions, if it were remembered. As Nazian. said of St. Basil 's common Talk, Quae ab eo velut obiter fiebant multo praestantiora sunt,—Quàm ea in quibus alii elaborant. But let all pass which he concealed to himself in the dark times. I remember my Rule, though I forget who taught it me, though it be not according to Nature, it is according to Honesty, Vacuum potius relinquere quàm non verum. There was an Idol in Lacedaemon, (Pausanias knew it well, p. 195.) called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , which they worshipped that were young, to delay Old-age: But no Times did precipitate Age and grey Hairs upon Men more than these wherein we live. Says the Master of the Sentences among the Heathen, Il. 4.

Men grow old apace, that are in Misery. Assuredly every month spent away the Archbishop's ruined Tabernacle now, more than a year before: And all Infirmities fly to Old-age, as Offenders to an Altar. Dr. Flood, the Panegyrist at his Grace's Obsequies, tells us, That he had some Prognostics of his Death not long before it, and told it to some persons with Assurance, and much Grief; and sometimes when he had said Grace after Meal, and was rising from the Table, he would say, I am ready for the LORD. His Death came from a sudden Catarrh, which caused a Squinancy, by the inflammation of the interior Muscles, and a shortness of Breath followed, which dissolved him in the space of twelve hours: In which time the virtuous Lady Mostyn, where he sojourned, spake to him of his preparation for Heaven: Says he, Cousin, I am already prepared, and will be better prepared. So he called for the Minister that was the nearest, to read the Visitation of the Sick, and twice over to him, the greatest part whereof, especially the Psalms, he rehearsed distinctly himself, and received Absolution: When the Pangs of Death approached, many other Prayers were read, and short Sentences of Devotion repeated aloud in his Ears; and those words being often said, The Lord be merciful to thee, the Lord receive thy Soul, at that instant first he closed his Eyes with one Hand, and then lifting up the other, his Lips moved, and recommending his Spirit to his Redeemer, he expired. He is gone before me, whom I desired not to outlive: A Squinancy, whereof he died, was the Death of the only Pope that was born in England, Hadrian the Fourth: But the whole Conflux of the Disease that took him away, was in all circumstances the same with Padre-Paulo 's the Servite, as the Author of his Life sets it down, that his Feet could receive no warmth, (the same Symptom that laid hold of this Prelate) and that a Catarrh destroyed him. There are many Diseases dangerous and mortal; this is often cured by the launce of a sorry Surgeon, of whom there was none in that place. The day of his farewell out of this Life was upon the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin, which was his Birth-day, the 25th of March, 1650. says the banished Poet at Tomes, upon his Nativity-day, lib. 3. de Trist. El. 13. Pompey was slain as near as could be to his Birth-day, Pridie Natalium, in the Observation of Plutarch. William Earl of Penbrook died suddenly upon his very Birth-day, Sanders. Hist. p. 141. Macrobius tells a Wonder, Saturn. lib. 1. that Antipater Sidonius had ever a Feaver upon his Birth-day, and in his Old-age died of a great Fit the same day. This Holy Father had completed the just number of 68 years: Satietas vitae maturum tempus mortis assert, Cic. de Sen. He was weary of Life in those hateful Times, therefore Death came welcome to him; and the more welcome, because he lamented his own Condition, that he could contribute nothing to raise up the Ruins of the Church and Kingdom. Tum cecidit, cum lugere rempub. potiùs possit, quàm servare, says the same Eloquent of Hortensius in his Brutus. When Satiety of Years was come about, a Body wasted, a Mind oppressed with Desolation of the Public-weal, it had been a Punishment not to die, after that neat Similitude of Epictetus, lib. 2. c. 6. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . It is an Injury, or in his word a Curse, upon Corn, when it is Summer-ripe, not to be cut down with the Sickle. So this worthy Father of the Church died in his Maturity of Age at Glocketh, in the Parish of Eglowaysrose, in the County of Carnarvan; his Body was interred, where his House of Pentrin stands, in Llangeday, the Heriot which every Son of Adam must pay to the Lord of the Manor of the whole Earth: If you look for more of him, it is in another and a better World. Says the Epigram, Anthol. l. 3. If you look for Menender, (it is • all one if I said Archbishop Williams ) look for him with GOD, and the Saints above. Or, if a little more will suffice, read this Inscription upon his Tomb, in the Chancel of Llangeday -Church. Plato, in the Twelfth Book of his Laws, would have no Epitaph exceed the length of four Verses; this shall not hold you four minutes.

212. That which my Prayers and Studies have long endeavored, the dispatch of this Labor, is come to pass by the good Hand of God this Seventeenth of February 1657. which is some hearts-ease, but with respect, that I wait the Consolation of the Lord in better times. Which Benefit, not I perhaps, but such as are younger may live to see: as the old Father said to his Son in Plaut. Trin. Mihi quidem aetas acta ferme est: Tuâ isthuc refert maxim. I need not admonish my Readers, for they find it all the way, that my Scope is not so much to insist upon the memorable things of one Man's Life; as to furnish them with reading out of my small store, that are well-willers to Learning, in Theological, Political, and Moral Knowledge. Yet in those Observations I have not set down a Cyrus, a feigned Subject, but wrought them into the true Image of this Prelate. So Nazianzen informs us, that when Athanasius drew out the Life of Anthony the Hermit, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , He drew out the Instructions of a Rural Hermetical Lise in his Behaviour. Some are cheated with Wit now-a-days after the French fashion, and had rather Men should be commended in Romances of Persons, that were never extant, than in such as lived among us, truly deserved Glory, and did us good. My Subject is real, and not umbratick; a Man of as deep and large wisdom as I did ever speak with; and I fear not to say of him, as Laelius doth of Cato major, Aut enim nemo, quod quidem magis credo; aut, si quis usquam, ill sapiens fuit: He was constant to that Religion wherein he was catechized, and instructed in it more perfectly in Cambridge. A punctual observer of the ancient Church Orders, whereof he was a Governor, and a great decliner of innovations, holding to it, that what was long in use, if it were not best, it was fittest for the People. He tasted equally of great Prosperity and Adversity, and was a rare Example in both, like Lollius in Horace,

not elevated with Honor, nor in the contrary state cast down. His Enemies likit nothing worse in him than his Courage, and he pleased himself in nothing more: Of a stately Presence, and a Mind suitable to it. Some called it Pride and Haughtiness, a Scandal laid upon St. Basil, says Nazianzen, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , They twisted him that he was lofty and supercilious. Underlings will never forbear to object it to Men in places of Preeminence, when there is more of it in themselves. Well said Petrus Blesensis, Melior est purpurata humilitas, quàm pannosa superbia. Yet I concur with others, who knew this Lord, that Choler and a high Stomach were his Faults, and the only Defects in him. And it had been better for him, if he had known a meek temper, and how to be resisted. Otherwise his Virtues were super-excellent. A great Devotee to public and private Prayer: There did not live that Christian that hated Revenge more than he, or that would forgive an Injury sooner. Most Munificent, Liberal, Charitable above his Means, for he died in a Debt of 8000 l. though his Heir, Sir Griffith Williams, had enough in Manors and Moveables to pay it. He loved to do things Praise-worthy. Nulla est tanta humilitas quae dulcedine gloriae non capiatur, Valer. lib. 8. cap. 13. Justice, Charity, Temperance, tender Bowels of Compassion, enchased all his Life and Carriage with wonderful gracefulness. His Skill in the Tongues, his Skill in the course of all Academical Arts, in all History, in all the parts of Divinity, must needs be excellent: for he had a piercing Wit, a sound Judgment, a strong Memory, and with all these concurred indefatigable Industry. Yet by the employment of a great Office, but much more by the Iniquity of troublesome Suits, Imprisonments, fatal Wars, and most of all by the embezelling of his Notes and Papers, Posterity is little beholding to his Pen; but it owes greatly to his good Works. Et post mortem non opuscula sed opera pensanda, Sidon. lib. ep. 8. ep. 1. I will part with him now, as Xenophon did with Socrates in his Apology for him, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . That is, to a word, considering the Wisdom and Gallantry of the Man, I cannot choose but remember him, and when I remember him, I cannot but praise him. Se quisque ut vivit & effert. Manil. l. 2. But Praise be given to God for all his good Gists. Amen.