The History of the Worthies of England

Gun-Powder.

Why hereof in this, rather then in other Counties? Because more made by Mills of late erected on the river Ley, betwixt Waltham and London, then in all England besides. Though some suppose it as ancient as Archimedes in Europe, (and antienter in India, ) yet generally men behold the Frier of Mainz the first founder thereof, some three hundred years since. It consisteth of three essential ingredients:

• 1. Brimstone, whose office is to catch fire and flame of a sudden, and convey it to the other two.
• 2. Char-coal pulveriz'd, which continueth the fire, and quencheth the flame, which otherwise would consume the strength thereof.
• 3. Salt-petre, which causeth a windy exhalation, and driveth forth the bullet.

This Gun-powder is the emblem of politick revenge, for it biteth first, and barketh afterwards, the bullet being at the mark before the report is heard, so that it maketh a noise, not by way of warning, but triumph. As for white▪powder which is reported to make no report at all, I never could meet with Artist who would seriously avouch it. For, though perchance the noise may be less and lower, yet no sound at all is inconsistent with the nature of Salt-petre, and the ventosity thereof causing the violent explosion of the bullet. It is questionable, whether the making of Gun-powder be more profitable or more dangerous, the Mills in my Parish having been five times blown up within seven years, but, blessed be God, without the loss of any one man's life.

The Buildings.

This County hath no Cathedral, and the Churches therein cannot challenge to themselves any eminent commendation. But as for priva •… e houses, Essex will own no Shire her superior, whereof three most remarkable.

• 1. Audley-End, built by Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk and Treasurer of England, as without compare the best Subjects house in this Island. Yet is the structure better then the standing thereof, as low on one side, so that it may pass for the emblem of modest merit, or concealed worth; meaner houses boasting more, and making greater show afar off in the eyes of passengers.
• 2. New▪Hall, built by the Ratcliffs, Earls of Sussex, but bought from them by George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham; surpassing for the pleasant shady approach thereunto, and for the appurtenances of Parks round about it.
• 3. Copt▪Hall, (in Records Coppice-Hall, from the Woods thereabouts,) highly seated on an hill in the midst of a Park, built by the Abbot of Waltham, enlarged by Sir Thomas Heneage and others; and it is much that multiform fancies should all meet in so uniform a fabric. Herein a Gallery, as well furnished as most, more proportionable then any in England, and on this a story doth depend.

In the year of our Lord 1639. in November here happened an Hirecano or wild wind, which entering in at the great East-window, blew that down, and carried some part thereof, with the picture of the Lord Coventry (singled from many more, which hung on both •… ides untouched) all the length of the Gallery (being about 56. yards) out of the West-window, which it threw down to the ground. It seems the wind, finding this room in form of a trunk, and coarctated therein, forced the stones of the first window, like pellets, clean thorough it. I mention this the rather, because pious Doctor Jackson, Head of Corpus Christi College in Oxford, observed the like wind about the same time as ominous, and presaging our civil dissensions.

The Wonders.

This Shire affordeth none properly so called, unless some conceive the bones reducible thereunto digged out of this County at the Ness near Harwich, which with their bigness and length amazed the beholders. I cannot see how such can maintain them to be the bones of men, who must confess that according to the proportion of the doors and roofs of ancient building, (either as extant or read of ) they must Ingredi & incedere proni, go in Stooping, not to say Lye along. Except the Avouchers be as Incurious of their Credit as the Traveler was, who affirming that he saw Bees as big as Dogs, and yet their Hives of our ordinary size; and being demanded what shift they made to get in; Let them (said he) look to that.

More probable it is, that those were bones of Elephants, store whereof were brought over into England by the Emperor Claudius. Indeed some Sciolists will boast to distinguish bones of Beasts from Men by their Porosity, which the learned deride as an undifferencing difference. Indeed when a Scull may be produced of such magnitude, (which by its form is secured from mistake as appropriate to man alone,) then the wonder will begin indeed: Till which time I behold these Shanks and Thigh b •… nes pretended to Men, to be of Elephants.

To these Wonders it will not be amiss to add the ensuing relation written by the Pen of Master Thomas Smith of Sewarstone, in the Parish of Waltham Abby, a discreet person not long since deceased.

It so fell out that I served Sir Edward Denny, (towards the latter end of the reign of Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory,) who lived in the Abbey of Waltham-Cross in the County of Essex, which at that time lay in ruinous heaps, and then Sir Edward began slowly now and then to make even and re-edify some of that Chaos. In doing whereof, Tomkins his Gardner, came to discover (among other things) a fair Marble Stone, the Cover of a Tomb hewed out in hard Stone: This Cover, with some help he removed from off the Tomb, which having done, there appeared (to the view of the Gardner, and Master Baker Minister of the Town, (who died long since) and to myself and Master Henry Knagg, ( Sir Edwards Bailiff,) the Anatomy of a Man lying in the Tomb abovesaid, only the Bones remaining, Bone to his Bone, not one Bone dislocated: In observation whereof, we wondered to see the Bones still remaining in such due order, and no Dust or other Filth besides them to be seen in the Tomb: We could not conceive, that it had been an Anatomy of Bones only laid at first into the Tomb; yet if it had been the whole Carcass of a Man, what became of his Flesh and Entrals? for (as I have said above) the Tomb was clean from all Filth and Dust, besides the Bones.

This when we had all well observed, I told them, that if they did but touch any part thereof, that all would fall asunder, for I had only heard somewhat formerly of the like accident. Trial was made, and so it came to pass. For my own part, I am persuaded, that as the Flesh of this Anatomy to us became invisible, so likewise would the Bones have been in some longer continuance of time. O what is Man then, which vanisheth thus away, like unto Smoak or Vapour, and is no more seen? Whosoever thou art that shalt read this passage, thou mayst find cause of humility sufficient.

Proverbs.

Essex Miles. ]

These are cried up for very long, understand it Comparatively to those in the Neighbouring County of Middlesex, otherwise the Northern Parts will give Essex odds, and measure Miles therewith. The truth is this, good way, and a good horse, shorten Miles, and the want of either, (but both especially) prolong them in any Country whatsoever.

Essex Stiles. ]

See the Proverbs in Suffolk. ]

Essex Calves. ]

A learned Author telleth us that Italy was so called, quasi vitalae, because the best Calves were bred therein. Sure this will be condemned as a far fetched and forced Deduction; but if true, Essex may better pretend to the Name of Italy, producing Calves of the fattest, fairest and finest flesh in England, (and consequently in all Europe, ) and let the Butchers in Eastcheap be appealed unto as the most Competent Judges therein. Sure it is a Cumberland-cow may be bought for the Price of an Essex-calf, in the beginning of the Year. Let me add that it argueth the goodness of Flesh in this County, and that great gain was got formerly by the Sale thereof, because that so many stately monuments were erected anciently therein for Butchers, (inscribed Carnifices in their Epitaphs) in Cogshall, Chelmsford, Church and elsewhere, made of Marble, inlaid with Brass, (befitting, saith my Author a more eminent man,) whereby it appears, that these of that trade have in this County been richer, (or at least prouder) then in other places.

The Weavers Beef of Colchester.]

These are Sprats caught hereabouts, and brought hither in incredible abundance, whereon the poor Weavers (numerous in this City) make much of their repast, Cutting Rands, Rumps, Surloyns, Chines, and all Joynts of Beef out of them, as lasting in season well nigh a quarter of a year. They are the Minums of the Sea, and their cheapness is the worst thing, (well considered the best) which can be said of them. Were they as dear, they would be as toothsome (being altogether as wholesome) as Anchovies, for then their price would give a high gust unto them in the judgment of Pallat Men. True it is, that within these last sixteen years, better Men then Weavers have been glad of worse meat then Sprats, (and thankful to God if they could get it) in the City of Colchester.

Jeering Coxhall. ]

How much truth herein, I am as unable to tell, as loath to believe. Sure I am, that no Town in England of its bigness, afforded more Martyrs in the reign of Queen Mary, who did not jeer or jest with the fire, but seriously suffered themselves to be sacrificed, for the testimony of a good Conscience. If since they have acquired a jeering quality, it is time to leave it, seeing it is better to stand in pain, till our legs be weary, then sit with ease in the chair of the scorners.

He may fetch a flitch of Bacon from Dunmoe.]

This proverb dependeth on a custom practiced in the Priory of Dunmow, which was founded saith Speed, by Juga, a noble Lady, Anno IIII. for black Nuns. But it seems, afterwards the property thereof was altered into a Male-Monastery, the mortified men wherein were mirthfull sometimes, as hereby may appear.

Any person, from any part of England, coming hither, and humbly kneeling on two stones at the Church-door, (which are yet to be seen,) before the Prior or Convent, might demand at his own pleasure a Gammon or Flitch of Bacon, upon the solemn taking of the ensuing oath,

It appeareth in an old book on record, that Richard Wright of Badesnorth in Norfolk, in the twentieth third of Henry the sixth, when John Canon was Prior; that Stephen Samuel of Little-Easton in Essex, the seventh of Edward the fourth, when Roger Rullcot was Prior; and that Thomas Lee of Coxhall in Essex, the second of Henry the eight, when John Taylor was Prior, demanded their Bacon on the premisses, and received it accordingly.

Princes.

HENRY FITZ-ROY natural son to King Henry the eight. Here we confess our Trespass against our own Rules, who confined ourselves to the Legitimate Issue of Kings; presuming that the worth of this Henry will make amends for our breach of order herein. He was begotten on the Body of the Lady Talbois, and born at Blackmore-Manor in this County, Anno 1519. being afterwards Created Earl of No •… tingham, and Duke of Richmond. He confuted their Etymology who deduced Bastard from the Dutch words boes and art, that is an abject Nature, and verified their deduction deriving it from besteaerd, that is the best disposition: Such was his forwardness in all Martial Activities, with his knowledge in all Arts and Sciences; Learned Leland dedicating a book unto him. He married Mary daughter to Thomas Duke of Norfolk, and dying Anno 1536. (in the seventeenth year of his age,) was buried at Framlingham in Suffolk with great lamentation.

Saints.

Saint HELEN was born at Colchester in this County, daughter to Coel King thereof, as all our British Authors unanimously do report. She was Mother of Constantine the first Christian Emperor, and is famous to all ages for finding out Christ's Cross on Mount Calvary. Hence it is, that in memorial hereof, the City of Colchester giveth for its Arms a Cross enragled between four Crowns. A scandal is raised on her name that she was Stabularia, A Stableress, whereof one rendereth this witty r •… ason, because her Father was Comes Stabuli (an high office, equivalent to the Constable in France ) unto the Emperor. Others (more truly) make her so nick named by Pagan malice, for her officious devotion in finding out the Stable of Christ's Nativity.

Heathen pens have much aspersed her, calling her 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , whose tongues are no slander, seeing the Disciple is not above his Master. More was I moved, when first finding thispassage in Paulinus the pious Bishop of Nola,

I wondered to see Paulinus charging such abuses upon her, being a person so prodigiously charitable, that he is said to have sold himself to redeem a widows son from captivity; but consulting the best of Orators, I find abuti sometimes fixing no fault, and importing no more then uti; so that abusing the Exchequer, signifieth no more then a full & free usage thereof. She died at Rome being eighty years of age, Anno Domini 337.

Saint CONSTANTINE son to the aforesaid Saint Helen, was born also at Colchester, one sufficiently known to all posterity by the mere mentioning of him. My pen shall now do penance with its silence, to expiate its tediousness in describing his character in our Ecclesiastical History. He died Anno Domini 339.

Saint OSITH. She was daughter to the King of the East-Angles, and wife to Suthred last King of East-Saxons; by whose consent forsaking the world, she was veiled, and at last became Abbess of a Monastery of her own founding at Chich in this County; until the Danes infesting these fea-coasts, cut off her head in hatred of Religion.

Yet this her head, after it was cut off was carried by Saint Osith [oh wonder! oh lie! ] three furlongs, and then she fell down and died. The same mutatis mutandis is told of Saint Dionys in France, Saint Winefride in Wales and others, such being the barrenness of Monkish invention, that unable to furnish their several Saints with variety of fictions, their tired fancy is fain to make the same miracle serve many Saints. She was martyred about the year of our Lord 870.

Saint NEOTS (why Sir-named Adulphius I know not) was born (saith Bale, ) either in Essex or Kent, but Pitz. who wrote sixty years after him, saith positively he was born in Essex. It seemeth he met with some evidence to sway down the even beam to preponderate on the side of this County. Waving the pleasures of the world, he lived long an E •… emite in Cornwell, and then leaving his solitary life, he became a painful and profitable Preacher of the Gospel. He was a Zacchaeus for his Stature, and with him tall in Piety and Charity. He moved King Alfred to found (or restore) the University of Oxford, on which account his memory is sacred to all posterity. He died Anno Dom. 883. whose body was buried by one Barry his Scholar in Eynsebury, (since St. Neots ) in Huntingdon-shire, and some say was afterwards removed to the Abby of Crouland.

Martyrs.

Of the forty four Martyrs in this Shire, Three were most Remarkable.

1. JOHN LAURENCE who at the Stake was permitted a Posture peculiar to himself; For being so enfeebled with long durance and hard usage, that he could not stand; he had a Chair allowed him, and had the painful ease to sit therein. Nor must we forget, how little Children being about the fire, C •… ied unto him, God strengthen you, God strengthen you, which was beheld as a product of his providence, who out of the mouth of Babes and Sucklings ordained Strength, as also it evidenced their Pious Education. To say Hosanna is as soon learnt by children, as go up thou Bald head, if it be as surely taught unto them.

2. THOMAS HAWKES Gentleman, first brought into trouble for refusing to Christian his Child after the Popish fashion. This man going to the Stake promised his friends to give them some solemn token of the clearness and comfort of his Conscience. In performance where of, whilst his body was burning he raised up himself; and though having the sense, having no fear of the Fire, joyfully clapp'd his hands over his head, to the admiration of all the beholders.

3. ROSE ALLIN a Virgin, who being in her Calling, (fetching Beer for her Bedrid Mother, ) was intercepted by Justice, or rather un-justice Tyrrell, who with a Candle most cruelly burnt her wrists, which her Fire-proof patience most constantly endured: What was said of the Roman scaevola, when he burnt his hand before Porcenna, is more appliable to this Maid, Manum amisit, sed Palmam retinuit▪ Tyrrell did this merely by the Law of his List; otherwise no statute (except written on the back-side of the book) did authorize him for so Tyrannicall an act: Some days after, the fire which here took Livery and seisin of her hand, brought her whole body into the possession thereof.

Confessors.

RICHARD GEORGE Labourer, of West-Barfold, is most eminent amongst the many Confessors in this Shire. For he had successively three wives, whereof two were burnt, and the third imprisoned for Religion, viz.

• 1. Agnes George, burnt at Stratford-Bow, June 27. 1556.
• 2. Christian George, burnt at Colchester, May 26. 1558.
• 3. ........... George, imprisoned in Colchester, and escaped by Queen Mary's death Novemb. 17. 1558.

Some who consult the dates of his wives deaths, will condemn him for over-speedy marriage; and the appetite to a new wife is not comely, before the grief for the former be well digested. Such consider not, that their glorious death in so good a cause, was the subject rather of his joy then grief, and that being necessitated (for his children sake) to marry, he was careful, as it appears, to marry in the Lord. Nor did he thrust his wives into the fire, and shrink back from the flames himself, who being imprisoned in Colchester, had followed his two first, and gone along with his last to the Stake, had not Divine Providence by Queen Mary's death prevented it.

Cardinals.

THOMAS BOURCHIER was son to Sir William Bourchier, who (though but an English Knight) was a French Earl of Ewe in Normandy, Created by King Henry the fifth, and had a great▪estate in this County, with many Mansion-houses, Hawsted being the place of their▪principal residence, where I presume this Prelate was born.

He was bred in the University of Oxford, whereof he was Chancellor 1454. Dean of Saint Martins, then successively Bishop of Worcester, Eli, Arch-bishop of Ca •… terbury, and Cardinal by the title of Saint Cyriacus in the Baths. A Prelate, besides his high birth aforesaid, and brotherhood to Henry Bourchier, first Earl of Essex of that Surname, remarkable on many accounts.

First, for his vivacity, being an old man, and proportionably, an older Bishop.

• 1. Being consecrated Bishop of Worcester 1435. the fourteenth of Henry the sixth.
• 2. Dying Arch-bishop of Canterbury 1486. the second of K. Henry the seventh. Whereby it appeareth, that he wore a Mitre full fifty one years, a term not to be paralleled in any other person.

Secondly, he saw strange revolutions in State, the Civil-wars between Lancaster and York, begun, continued, and concluded. For, though Bishop Morton had the happiness to make the match, Arch-bishop Bourchier had the honor to marry King Henry the seventh, to the Daughter of King Edward the fourth, so that his hand first solemnly held that sweet posy, wherein the White and Red Roses were tied together.

Thirdly, for his wary compliance, that he lost not himself in the labyrinth of such intricate times, applying himself politiquely to the present predominant power. However it may be said of him,

He left no monument to posterity proportionable (what was an hundred pounds, and a chest given to Cambridge? ) to his great blood, rich place, and long continuance therein. But this my Author imputeth unto the troublesomeness of the times, seeing peace was no sooner settled, and the land began to live, but he died March 30. 1486.

I know not what generous planet had then influence on the Court of Rome, this I know, that England never saw such a concurrence of noble Prelates; who, as they were Peers by their places, were little less by their descent. I behold their birth a good buttress of Episcopacy in that age, able in Parliament to check and crush any Antiprelaticall project, by their own relations. But let us count how many were contemporaries with Thomas Bourchier, from his first consecration at Worcester, till the day of his death.

John Stafford, son to the Earl of Stafford, Arch-bishop of Canterbury. Robert Fitz-Hugh

Bishop of London.

Henry Beauford, son to John Duke of Lancaster, Bishop of Winchester.

William Gray, son to the Lord Gray of Codnor, Bishop of Eli.

Marmaduke Lumley, extracted from the Lord Lumley, Bishop of Lincoln.

Richard Beauchamp, brother to the L. Saint Amand, Bishop of Sarum.

Lionel Woodvile, son to the Earl of Rivers, Bishop of Sarum.

Peter Courtney, extracted from the Earls of Devon, Bishop of Exeter.

Richard Courtnee, of the same extraction, Bishop of Norwich.

John Zouch, descended of the Lord Zouch, Bishop of Landaffe.

George Novile, brother to the MakeKing Earl of Warwick, Arch-bishop of York.

William Dudley, son to the Lord Dudley, Bishop of Durham.

William Piercy, son to the Earl of Northumberland, Bishop of Carlisle.

But after the death of Bourchier, I meet with but three Bishops of noble extraction, viz. James Stanley, Edmond Audley and Cardinal Pole. However, they were, though of lower image, of no less learning and religion.

Prelates.

RICHARD de BARKING took his name (according to the Clergy-men's Heraldry in that age) from that well noted Town in this County. In process of time he became Ab •… ot of Westminster for twenty four years. He was so high in favor with King H •… nry the third, that he made him one' of his special Counselors, Chief Baron of the Exchequer, •… nd for a short time Lord Treasurer of England. He died Anno. 1246. buried in Westminster-Church, whose marble tomb before the middle of the Altar, was afterwards pulled down (probably because taking up too much room,) by Frier Comb, Sacri •… t of the House, who laid a plain marble stone over him, with an Epitaph too tedious and barbarous to be transcribed.

JOHN de CHESILL. There are two Villages so called in this County, where the North-west corner thereof closeth with Cambridge-shire. I will not define in which this John was born, time having left us nothing of his actions, saving the many preferments thorough which he passed, being Dean of Saint Paul's, successively Arch-Deacon and Bishop of London, and twice Chancellor of England.

He was afterward also Lord Treasurer of England, and died Anno Domini 1279. in the seventh year of the reign of King Edward the first.

JOHN of WALTHAM was so named from the place of his nativity, and attained to be a prudent man, and most expert in government of the State, so that he became Master of the Rolls, Keeper of the Privy Seal, and Anno 1388. was consecrated Bishop of Salisbury.

But he missed his mark, and met with one, who both matched and mastered him, when refusing to be visited by Courtney Arch-bishop of Canterbury, on the criticism, that Pope Urbane the sixth, who granted Courtney his Commission was lately dead, till the Arch-bishop excommunicated him into more knowledge and humility, teaching him that his Visitations had a self-support, without assistance of Papal power, cast in only by the way of religious complement. This John of Waltham was afterwards made Lord Treasurer, and Richard the second had such an affection for him, that dying in his Office, he caused him to be buried (though many muttered thereat) amongst the Kings, and next to King Edward the first in Westminster. His death happened 1395.

ROGER WALDEN, taking his Name from his Birth, in that Eminent Market-Town in this County, was as considerable as any man in his Age, for the alternation of his fortune. First he was the son of a poor man, yet by his Industry and Ability, attained to be Dean of York, Treasurer of Calis, Secretary to the King, and Treasurer of England.

Afterwards, when Thomas Arundell Arch-bishop of Canterbury fell into the disfavour of King Richard the second, and was banished the land, this Roger was by the King made Arch-bishop of Canterbury, and acted to all purposes and intents, calling of Synods, and discharging of all other offices. However, he is beheld as a Cypher in that See, because holding it by Sequestration, whilst Arandell the true Incumbent was alive, who returning in the first of King Henry the fourth resumed his ArchBishoprick.

And now Roger Walden was reduced to Roger Walden, and as poor as at his first beginning. For though all maintained that the Character of a Bishop was indelable, this Roger found that a Bishopric was delable, having nothing whereon to subsist, until Arch-bishop Arundell, nobly reflecting upon his Worth, or Want, or Both, procured him to be made Bishop of London. But he enjoyed that place only so long, as to be a testimony to all posterity of Arundell his Civility unto him, dying before the year was expired 1404.

He may be compared to one, so Jaw-fallen with over long •… asting, tha •… •… e cannot eat meat when brought unto him, and his spirits were so depressed with his former ill fortunes, that he could not enjoy himself in his new unexpected happiness. Why he was buried rather in Saint Bartholomews in Smithfi •… ld, then his own Cathedral Church, is too hard for me to resolve.

States-men.

Sir THOMAL AUDLEY Knight, where born, my best Industry and Inquiry cannot attain. He was bred in the Study of the Laws, till he became Attorney of the Dutchie of Lancaster, and Sergeant at Law, (as most affirm) then Speaker of the Parliament, Knighted, and made Keeper of the great Seal, June 4. 1532. being the twenty fourth of King Henry the eight, and not long after was made Lord Chancellor of England, and Baron Audley of Audley End in this County.

In the feast of Abby Lands, King Henry the eight carved unto him the first cut (and that I assure you was a dainty morsel,) viz. the Priory of the Trinity in Eald-gate Ward London, dissolved 1531. which as a Van Currier foreran other Abbeys by two years, and foretold their dissolution. This I may call (afterwards called Dukes-Place ) the Covent Garden within London, as the greatest empty space within the Walls, though since filled, not to say pestered, with houses. He had afterwards a large Partage in the Abby Lands in several Counties.

He continued in his Office of Chancellor thirteen years, and had one only daughter Margaret, who no doubt answered the Pearl in her name, as well in her precious qualities, as rich Inheritance, which she brought to her husband Thomas last Duke of Norfolk. This Lord Audley died April 30. 1544. and is buried in the fair Church of Saffron-walden with this lamentable Epitaph,

This worthy Lord took care, that better Poets should be after then were in his age, and founded Magdalene-college in Cambridge giving good lands thereunto, if they might have enjoyed them according to his Donation.

Sir RICNARD MORISIN Knight, was born in this County, as J. Bale his Fellowexile doth acquaint us: yet so, as that he qualifieth his intelligence with Ut fert •… r, which I have commuted into our marginal note of dubitation. Our foresaid Author addeth that, per celebriora Anglorum gymnasia arts excoluit: bred probably first in Eton or Winchester, then in Cambridge or Oxford, and at last in the Inns of Court. In those he attained to great skill in Latin and Greek, in the Common and Civil Law, insomuch, that he was often employed Ambassador by King Henry the eight, and Edward the sixth, unto Charles the fifth Emperor, and others Princes of Germany, acquitting himself both honest and able in those negotiations.

He began a beautiful house at Cashobery in Hertford-shire, and had prepared materials for the finishing thereof; but alas, this house proved like the life of his Master who began it, I mean King Edward the sixth, broken off, not ended, and that before it came to the middle thereof. Yea, he was forced to fly beyond the Seas, and returning out of Italy died at Strasburgh on the 17. of March, Anno Domini 1556. to the grief of all good men. Yet his son Sir Charles finished his fathers house in more peaceable times, whose great-grand daughter (augmented by matches with much honor and wealth) a right worthy and virtuous Lady lately deceased, was wife to the first Lord Capel, and Mother to the present Earl of Essex.

Sir ANTHONY COOK Knight, great-grant child to Sir Thomas Cook Lord Mayor of London, was born at Giddy hall in this County, where he finished a fair house, begun by his great-grand-father, as appeareth by this inscription on the frontispiece thereof,

He was one of the Governors to King Edward the sixth when Prince, and is charactered by Master Camden, vir antiquâ severitate. He observeth him also to be happy in his daughters, learned above their sex in Greek and Latin, namely

Indeed they were all most eminent Scholars, (the honor of their own, and the shame of our sex ) both in prose and poetry, and we will give an instance of the later.

Sir Henry Killigrew was designed by the Queen, Ambassador for France, in troublesome times, when the employment always difficult, was then apparently dangerous. Now Katherine his Lady, wrote these following verses to her sister Mildred Cecil, to improve her power with the Lord Treasurer her husband, that Sir Henry might be excused from that service,

We will endeavor to translate them, though I am afraid falling much short of their native elegancy,

This Sir Anthony Cook died in the year of our Lord 1576. leaving a fair estate unto his son, in whose name it continued until our time.

Sir THOMAS SMITH Kt. was born at Saffron Walden in this County, and bred in Queens-college in Cambridge, where such his proficiency in learning, that he was chosen out by Henry the eight, to be sent over, and brought up beyond the Seas. It was fashionable in that age, that pregnant Students were maintained on the cost of the State, to be Merchants for experience in foreign parts, whence returning home with their gainful adventures, they were preferred (according to the improvement of their time) to offices in their own Country. Well it were if this good old custom were resumed; for if where God hath given Talents, men would give but Pounds, I mean encourage hopeful Abilities with helpful Maintenance, able persons would never be wanting, and poor men with great parts would not be excluded the Line of preferment.

This Sir Thomas was afterwards Secretary of State to Queen Elizabeth, and a grand benefactor to both Universities, as I have formerly declared at large. He died Anno Domini 1577.

THOMAS HOWARD, wherever born, is justly reputed of this County, wherein he had his first honor, and last habitation. He was second son to Thomas last Duke of Norfolk, but eldest by his wife Margaret, sole heir to Thomas Lord Audley.

Queen Elizabeth made him Baron of Audley, and Knight of the Garter; and King James (who beheld his father a State-Martyr for the Queen of •… ots, ) in the first of his reign, advanced him Lord Chamberlain, and Earl of Suffolk, and in the twelfth of his reign July 12. Lord Treasurer of England.

He was also Chancellor of Cambridge, loving and beloved of the University. When at his first coming to Cambridge, Master Francis Nethersole Orator of the University, made a Latin Speech unto him, this Lord returned, though I understand not Latin, I know the Sence of your Oration is to tell me that I am welcome to you, which I believe verily, thank you for it heartily, and will serve you faithfully in anything within my power.

Doctor Hasnet the Vice-chancellor laying hold on the Handle of so fair a Proffer, requested him to be pleased to Entertain the King at Cambridge, a Favor which the University could never compass from their former great and wealthy Chancellors, I will do it (saith the Lord ) in the best manner I may, with the speediest conveniency. Nor was he worse then his word, giving his Majesty not long after so Magnificent a Treatment in the University, as cost him five thousands pounds and upwards.

Hence it was, that after his death, Thomas his second son, Earl of Bark-shire, not suing for it (not knowing of it) was chosen to succeed him, losing the place (as some suspected) not for lack of voices, but fair counting them. He died at Audley end, Anno Domini 1626. being Grand-father to the right Honorable James Earl of Suffolk.

RICHARD WESTON. I behold him son to Sir Jerome Weston, Sheriff of this County in the one and fortieth of Queen Elizabeth, and cannot meet with any of his relations, to rectify me if erroneous. In his youth he impaired his estate, to improve himself with public accomplishment, but came off both a saver and a gainer at the last, when made Chancellor of the Exchequer, and afterwards (upon the remove of the Earl of Marlburrough) July 15. in the fourth of King Charles Lord Treasurer of England.

But I hear the Cocks crow proclaiming the dawning day, being now come within the ken of many alive; and when men's memories do arise, it is time for History to haste to bed. Let me only be a Datary, to tell the Reader, that this Lord was Created Earl of Portland, February 17. in the eight of King Charles, and died Anno Domini 163.. being father to the right Honorable Jerome now Earl of Portland.

Capitall Judges.

Sir JOHN BRAMSTONE Knight, was born at Maldon in this County, bred up in the Middle-Temple in the study of the Common-law, wherein he attained to such eminency, that he was by King Charles made Lord Chief Justice of the Kings-Bench.

One of deep learning, solid judgment, integrity of life, gravity of behavior; in a word, accomplished with all qualities requisite for a Person of his place and profession.

One instance of his integrity I must not forget, effectually relating to the Foundation wherein I was bred: Serjeant Bruerton (of whom formerly) bequeathed by Will to Sidney-college well nigh three thousand pounds, but (for haste or some other accident) so imperfectly done, that (as Doctor Samuel Ward informed me) the gife was invalid in the Rigour of the Law. Now Judge Bramstone, who married the Serjeants Widow, gave himself much trouble ( gave himself indeed, doing all things gratis, ) for the speedy payment of the money to a Farthing, and the legal settling thereof on the College, according to the true intention of the dead. He deserved to live in better times; the delivering his judgment on the Kings side in the case of Ship •… oney cost him much trouble. The posting Press would not be persuaded to stay till I had received farther instructions from the most Hopefull sons of this worthy Judge, who died about the year 1646.

Soldiers.

ROBERT FITZ-WALTER. It is observable what I read in my Author, that in the reign of King John, there were three most eminent Knights in the land, 〈◊〉 for their prowess, viz. Robert Fitz-Roger, Richard Mont-F •… chet and this Robert Fitz-Walter. Two of which three (a fair proportion) fall to be natives of this County.

This Robert was born at Woodham-walters, and behaved himself right 〈◊〉 on all occasions, highly beloved by King Richard the first, and King John, until the later banished him the land, because he would not prostitute his daughter to his pleasure. But worth will not long want a Master, the French-King joyfully entertained him, till King John recalled him back again on this occasion: five -years truce being concluded betwixt the two Crowns of England and France, an English-man challenged any of the French, to just a course or two on horse-back with him, whom Fitz-Walter (then o •… the French party) undertook, and at the first course, with his great spear, fell'd horse and man to the ground. Thus then and ever since English-men generally can be worsted by none but English-men. Hereupon the King, next day sent for him, restored his lands with license for him to repair his Castles, (and particularly Bainards-castle in London, ) which he did accordingly. He was styled of the common-people, The Marshall of God's Army and Holy-Church. He died Anno Domini 1234. and lieth buried in the Priory of Little-Dunmow.

Sir JOHN HAWKEWOOD Knight, Son to Gilbert Hawkewood Tanner, was born in Sible heningham. This John was first bound an apprentice to a Taylor in the City of London, but soon turned his needle into a sword, and thimble into a shield, being pressed in the service of King Edward the third for his French Wars, who rewarded his valor with Knighthood. Now that mean men bred in manual and mechanic trades, may arrive at great skill in Martial performances, this Hawkewood, though an eminent, is not the only instance of our English nation.

The heat of the French Wars being much remitted, he went into Italy and served the City of Florence, which as yet was a Free State. Such Republiques preferred foreigners rather then natives for their Generalls, because, when the service was ended, it was but disbursing their pay, and then disbanding their power, by cashering their Commission; such Foreigners having no advantage to continue their command, and render themselves absolute, because wanting an interest in alliances and relations. Thus a single Stake if occasion serves, is sooner plucked up then a tree fastened to the earth, with the many fibrae appendant to the root thereof.

Great the gratitude of the State of Florence to this their General Hawkewood, who in testimony of his surpassing valor and singular faithful service to their State, adorned him with the Statue of a man of arms, and sumptuous Monument, wherein his ashes remain honored at this present day. Well it is that Monument doth remain seeing his Coenotaph or honorary tomb, which sometimes stood in the Parish Church of Sible-heningham (arched over, and in allusion to his name berebussed with Hawkes flying into a Wood, ) is now quite flown away and abolished.

This Sir John Hawkewood married Domnia daughter of Barnaby the warlike brother of Galeasius Lord of Milan, (father to John the first Duke of Mallain, ) by whom he had a son named John born in Italy, made Knight and naturalized in the seventh year of King Henry the fourth, as appeareth by the Record, Johannes, filius Johannes Haukewood, Miles, natus in partibus Italiae factus indigena Ann. 8. Hen. 4. mater ejus nata in partibus transmarinis.

This valiant Knight died very aged Anno 1394. in the eighteenth of King Richard the second, his friends founding two Chantreys to pray for his and the souls of John Oliver and Thomas Newenton Esquires, his military companions, and, which probably may be presumed, born in the same County.

THOMAS RATCLIFF Lord Fitz-walter second Earl of Sussex of that Surname, twice Lord Deputy of Ireland, was a most valiant Gentleman. By his prudence he caused that Actual Rebellion brake not out in Ireland, and no wonder if in his time it Rained not war there, seeing his diligence dispersed the clouds before they could gather together. Thus he who cures a disease may be the skilfubest, but he that prevents it is the safest Physician.

Queen Eliz •… beth called him home to be her Lord Chamberlain, and a constant Court faction was maintained betwixt him and Robert Earl of Leicester, so that the 〈◊〉 and the Leicesterians divided the Court, whilst the 〈◊〉 as neuters did look upon them. Sussex had a great Estate left him by his Ancestors, Leicester as great given or restored 〈◊〉 by the Queen: 〈◊〉 was the hones •… man and greater Soldier, 〈◊〉 the more faceit 〈◊〉 and deep Politician; not for the general good, but his particular profit. Great the 〈◊〉 betwixt them, and what in vain the Queen endeavored, death performed, taking this Earl away, and so the competition was 〈◊〉 . NewHall in this County was the place if not (as I believe) of his Birth, of his principal Habitation. He died Anno Domini. ... And lieth buried in the Church of Saint Olives Hartstreet London.

Sir FRANCIS and Sir HORACE VERE sons of Geoffrey Vere. Esquire, who was son of John Vere the 〈◊〉 Earl of Oxford, were both born in this County, though several places (He •… ngham Castle, Colchester, Tilbury juxta clare,) be by sundry men assigned for their Nativity. We will first consider them severally, and then compare them together.

Sir FRANCIS was of a fiery spirit and rigid nature, undaunted in all dangers, not over valuing the price of men's lives, to purchase a victory therewith. He served on the Scaene of all Christendom where war was acted. One masterpiece of his valor was at the Battle of Newport, when his Ragged Regiment (so were the English then called from their ragged Cloths,) helped to make all whole, or else all had been lost. Another was, when for three years he defended Ostend against a strong and numerous Army, surrendering it at last a bare skeliton to the King of Spain, who paid more years purchase for it, then probably the world will endure. He died in the beginning of the reign of King James, about the year of our Lord 16...

Sir HORACE had more meekness, and as much valor as his Brother, so pious, that he first made his peace with God, before he went out to war with man. One of an excellent temper, it being true of him what is said of the Caspian Sea, that it doth never 〈◊〉 nor Flow; observing a constant Tenor, neither 〈◊〉 nor depressed with success. Had one seen him r •… turning from a victory, he would by his silence have suspected that he had lost the day; and had he beheld him in a retreat, he would have collected him a Conqueror, by the cheerfulness of his spirit. He was the first Baron of King Charles his Creation. Some years after coming to Court he fell suddenly sick and speechless, so that he died before night Anno Domini 163.. No doubt he was well prepared for death, seeing such his vigilancy, that never any Enemy surprised him in his quarters.

Now to compare them together, (such their Eminency, that they would hardly be parallel'd by any but themselves:) Sir Francis was the elder Brother, Sir Horace lived to be the older man, Sir Francis was more feared, Sir Horace more loved, by the Soldiery: The former in Martial discipline was ofttimes Rigidus ad ruina •… ; The later seldom exceeded Adterrorem. Sir Francis left none, Sir Horace no Male issue, whose four Co-heirs are since matched into Honorable families. Both lived in War, much Honored; died in Peace, much Lamented.

HENRY VERE was son of Edward Vere the seventeenth Earl of Oxford, and Anne Trentham his Lady, whose principal habitation (the rest of his patrimony being then wasted) was at Heningham Castle in this County. A vigorous Gentleman, full of courage and resolution, and the last Lord Chamberlain of England of this Family. His sturdy nature would not bow to Court-Compliants who would maintain what he spake, spake what he thought, think what he apprehended true and just, though sometimes dangerous and distasteful.

Once he came into Court with a great Milk-white Feather about his hat, which then was somewhat unusual, save that a person of his merit might make a fashion. The Reader may guess the Lord, who said unto him in some jeer, My 〈◊〉 you wear a very fair feather; it is true (said the Earl,) and if you mark it there's •… ere a T •… int in it. Indeed his family was ever Loyall to the Crown, deserving their Motto,

Going over one of the four Engish Colonels into the Low Countries, and endeavoring to raise the Siedge of Bxeda, he so over-heat himself with Marching, Fighting and Vexing, (the design not succeeding) that he died few days after Anno Domini 16... He married Diana one of the Co-heirs of William Earl of Exeter, (afterwards married to Edward Ea •… l of Elgin, ) by whom he left no issue.

Physicians.

WILLIAM GIL •… T was born in Trinity Parish in Colchester, his Father being a Counselor of great Esteem in his Profession, who first removed his family thither from Clare in Suffolk, where they had resided in a Gentile Equipage some Centuries of Years.

He had (saith my informer) the Clearness of Venice Glass without the Brittleness thereof, soon Ripe and long Lasting in his Perfections. He Commenced Doctor in Physic, and was Physician to Queen Elizabeth, who Stamped on him many Marks of her Favor, besides an Annual Pension to encourage his Studies. He addicted himself to Chemistry, attaining to great exactness therein. One saith of him that he was Stoicall, but not Cynicall, which I understand Reserv'd, but not Morose, never married, purposely to be more beneficial to his Brethren. Such his Loyalty to the Queen, that, as if unwilling to survive, he died in the same year with her 1603. His Stature was Tall, C •… plexion Cheerfull, an Happiness not ordinary in so hard a Student and retired a Person. He lieth buried in Trinity Church in Colchester, under a plain Monument.

Muhammad's Tomb at Mecha is said strangely to hang up, attracted by some invisible Load-stone, but the Memory of this Doctor will never fall to the ground, which his incomparable Book De Magnete will support to Eternity.

Writers.

GERVASE of TILBURY born at that Village in this County, (since famous for a C •… mpe, against the Spaniards in 88.) is reported Nephew to King Henry the second. But though Nepos be taken in the Latitude thereof (to signify Son, to Brother, Sister, or Child,) I cannot make it out by the Door, and am loath to suspect his coming in by the Window. This Gervase may be said by his Nativity, to stand but on one foot (and that on tip toes ) in England, being born on the Sea side, at the mouth of Thames, and therefore no wonder if he quickly conveyed himself over into Foreign Parts. He became Courtier and favorite to his Kinsman Otho the fourth Emperor, who conferred on him the Marshal-ship of the Arch-bishopric of Arles, (which proveth the Imperial Power in this Age, over some parts of Province, ) an office which he excellently discharged. Though his person was wholly conversant in Foreign Air, his Pen was chiefly resident on English Earth, writing a Chronicle of our Land, and also adding illustrations to G •… ffrey Monmouth. He flourished Anno 1210. under King John.

ADAM of BARKING (no mean market in this County) was so termed from the Town of his Nativity. Wonder not, that, being born in the East of England, he went West-ward as far as Sherborn (where he was a Benedictine ) for his education; it being as usual in that age for Monks, as in ours for Husbandmen, to change their soil for the seed, that their grain may give the greater increase. He was a good Preacher and learned Writer, and surely would have soared higher, if not weighed down with the ignorance of the age he lived in, whose death happened Anno 1216.

RALPH of COGSHALL in this County, was first Canon of Barnewell nigh Cambridge, and afterwards turned a Cistertian Monk. He was a man Incredibilis frugalitatis & parsimoniae, but withal of great learning and abilities. These qualities commended▪ him to be Abbot of Cogshall (the sixth in order after the first foundation thereof,) where he spent all his spare hours in writing of Chronicles, and especially of additions to Radulphus Niger. Afflicted in health he resigned his place, and died a private person about the year 1230.

ROGER of WALTHAM was so called from the place of his Nativity. I confess there be many Walthams in England and three in Essex: but as in Herauldry the plain Coat speaks the bearer thereof to be the best of the house, whiles the younger Brethren give their Arms with differences; so I presume that Waltham here without any other addition, (of Much▪Waltham, Wood-Waltham, &c.) is the Chief in that kind, viz. Waltham in this County within twelve Miles of London, eminent in that Age for a wealthy Abby. The merit of this Roger, being (saith Bale) terse, nitide & eleganter eruditus, endeared him to Fulke Basset Bishop of London, who preferred him Canon of Saint Paul's. He wrote many worthy works, flourishing under King Henry the third, Anno Domini 1250.

JOHN GODARD (wherever born) had his best being at Cogshall in this County, where he became a Cistercian Monk. Great was his skill in Arithmetic, and Mathematics, a Science which had lain long asleep in the World, and now first began to open it's eyes again. He wrote many certain Treatises thereof, and dedicated them unto Ralph Abbot of Cogshall. He flourished Anno Dom. 1250.

AUBREY de VERE extracted from the right Honorable Earls of Oxford, was born (saith my Authors) in Bonaclea Villa Trenovantum, Three miles srom Saint Osith, by which direction we find it to be Great Bentley in this County. Now although a witty Gentleman saith, that Noble-men have seldom anything in Print save their Cloths, yet this Aubrey so applied his studies, that he wrote a Learned Book of the Eucharist. In his old age he became an Augustinian of Saint Osiths, preferring that before other places, both because of the pleasant retireness thereof, and because his kindred were great Benefactors to that Covent, witness their Donation de septem Libratis terrae thereunto. This Aubrey, the most learned of all Honorable Persons in that Age, Flourished Anno Domini 1250.

THOMAS MALDON was born at Maldon, no mean Market Town in this County, anciently a City of the Romans called Camulodunum. He was afterwards bred in the University of Cambridge, where he Commenced Doctor of Divinity, and got great reputation for his Learning, being a Quick Disputant, Eloquent Preacher, Solid in Defining, Subtle in Distinguishing, Clear in Expressing. Hence he was chosen Prior of his own Monastery in Maldon, where he commendably discharged his place till the day of his death, which happened 1404.

THOMAS WALDENSIS was son to John and Maud Netter, who declining the Surname of his Parents, took it from Walden the noted place in this County of his Nativity; so much are they mistaken, that maintain, that this Waldensis his name was Vuedale, and that he was born in Hant-shire.

In some sort he may be termed Anti-Waldensis, being the most professed Enemy to the Wicklevites, who for the main revived and maintained the Doctrine of the Waldenses. Being bred a Carmelite in London, and Doctor of Divinity in Oxford, he became a great Champion of, yet Vassall to, the Pope; witness his sordid Complement, consisting of a conjunction, or rather confusion and misapplication of the words of Ruth to Naomi, and David to Goliath.

He was in high esteem with three succeeding Kings of England, and might have changed his Coul, into what English Miter he pleased, but refused it. Under King Henry the fourth, he was sent a solemn Ambassador 1410. about taking away the Schism •… , and advancing an Union in the Church, and pleaded most eloquently before the Pope, and Segismund the Emperor. He was Conf •… ssor and Privy▪Counselor to King Henry the fifth, (who died in his Bosom) and whom he taxed for too much lenity to the Wicklevites, so that we behold the Breath of Waldensis, as the Bellows which Blew up the Coals, for the burning of those Poor Christians in England, under King Henry the sixth, he was employed to provide at Paris all necessaries for his solemn Coronation, and dying in his journey thither Anno 1430. was buried at Roan. He was 16 years Provincial of his Order, throughout all England, and wrote many books against the Wicklevites.

Bale citeth four (all sorraign) Authors, which make him solemnly Sainted, whilst Pitzeus more truly and modestly only affirmeth, that he died, non sine sanctitatis opinione. Indeed, as the Pagans had their Lares and Penates, Dii Minorum Gentium, so possibly this Thomas, (though not publicly Canonized) might pass for a Saint of the lesser Size, in some particular places.

Benefactors to the Public.

RICHAED BADEW born of a Knightly family at Great Badew▪ (commonly called Great Baddow nigh Chelmesford, ) was bred in the University of Cambridge. He so profited in literature, that by general consent Anno 1326. the Scholars therein chose him their Chancellor; in which year this Richard purchased two Tenements in Milnestreet, and in their place erected a small College, by the name of University-hall, wherein Scholars living under a Principal had their Chambers gratis, (a great favor in that age) though otherwise maintaining themselves on their own expenses.

Sixteen years after by a sad accident this College was casually burnt down to the ground, whereupon Doctor Badew with the consent of the University resigned all his interest therein, into the hands of Elizabeth Countess of Clare, who fayrely refounded this College as in due place here after God willing shall be related.

Memorable Persons.

MATILDA FITZ▪ WALTER, by some surnamed The Faire; by others▪ The Chast; (qualities admirable when united) was Daughter to that 〈◊〉 Knight Sir Robert Fitz Walter, of Woodham▪ Fitz▪ Walter in this County of whom before.

Some would persuade us, that as the Trojan-war was occasioned by Helena in revenge of her wantonness: so the Barons-war, in the Raign of King John by this Matilda, in reward of her chastity, which the King in vain did assault; though surely the same was too private and personal to cause a national engagement; especially the fact being only attempted, not effected.

The King banishing her father beyond the Seas (in hope by his absence the 〈◊〉 to compass his desire) renewed his 〈◊〉 with more earnestness, and the same success. For Matilda still answered her Anagram, Tal Maid, both in stature and 〈◊〉 of her virtuous resolution; till at last the King, quia noluit consentire toxicavit 〈◊〉 , procuring one to poison her in a poach'd egg; meat which in the shell may safely be eaten after a 〈◊〉 , out of it, not after a malicious hand.

I much admire she was not made a Saint, (a dignity in those days confer'd on some of less desert) and conceive she had surely been Sainted 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and found the less favor for being no Votarie, but a Virgin at large. She was murdered 1213. and lieth buried betwixt two pillars in the Choir of Little-Dunmo-Church. I have nothing to add to this story, save to observe that he who procured her poisoning in her 〈◊〉 , was poisoned in his own drink afterwards.

SIMON LYNCH, Son of William Lynch Gentleman, was born at Groves in the Parish of 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 . 1562▪ bred a Student in Queens College in Cambridge, and afterwards Bishop Aylmere his kinsman bestowed on him a small living (then not worth above 40 〈◊〉 . per 〈◊〉 ) at North Weale nigh Epping 〈◊〉 this County, and •… lie said unto him, Play Cousin with this a while, till a better comes. But Mr. Lynch continued therein (the first and last place of his Ministry) sixty four years. The Bishop •… terwards 〈◊〉 him Brent-Wood Weale, three times better 〈◊〉 North- 〈◊〉 , to whom Mr. Lynch (to use his own words) returned this answer, That he 〈◊〉 the weal of his 〈◊〉 souls before any other weal whatsoever. He lived sixty one years in wedlock with Elizabeth eane his wife. He was an excellent house keeper, 〈◊〉 yet provided well for his ten children. He was buried at North-Wale Anno 〈◊〉 . 1656