A Complete Christian Dictionary

Tychicus]

Casual, or happening. Paul' s fellow Servant, Act. 20. 4. Eph. 6. 21. Col. 4. 7. 2 Tim. 4. 12. Tit. 3. 12.

Tyrannus]

Ruling, or a Prince. One in whose School Paul disputed, Act. 19. 9.

Type]

Properly signifieth a mark or impression, Joh. 20. 21.

It is 2. the sum or heads of any letter or speech, Act. 23. 25.

3. A form, Rom. 6. 17.

4. An example, 1 Cor. 10. 6.

• 1 Of admonition and caution, Ib.
• 2 Of imitation, Phil. 3. 17. 1 Thess. 1. 7.

5. A shadow of good things to come, Col. 2. 17. Heb. 10. 1.

〈◊〉 , or Tyre]

A breaking with a flail, or siege, or strength, or a rock. A strong City by Libanus, the Citizens called Tyrians, 1 Sam. 5. 11. Jer. 25. 22. It was built by the Zidonians, therefore called the Daughter of Zidon, Isa. 23. 12.

VAgabond]

One that hath no safe nor settled habitation, but wandereth about, as the word read vagabonds in Act. 19. 13. is rendered in 1 Tim. 5. 13. One that rogueth about as a vagabond, Psal. 109. 10. Ainsworth.

Vagabonds]

;;Such Companions, as do nothing but walk the streets; which commonly be called the Rascals and Dung-hill knaves of all Towns and Cities. Act. 17. 5. The Jews took unto them certain vagabonds. Also unstable men, who have no certain dwelling for the body, or quietness of mind, being full of fear and trembling, Gen. 4. 12. Psal. 109. 10.

Vaiezatha]

Sprinkling the chamber. Heb. and Syr. woe olive trees. The Son of Haman, Est. 9. 9.

Vail]

;;A certain cloth 〈◊〉 before the light, to hide it from our eyes, and put upon women's heads for a Covert, in token of subjection to their husbands. Gen. 24. 65. So she took a veil and covered her.

;; Note. The covering of a woman's face or eyes with a veil, was a sign of womanly modesty and shamefastness: as also of subjection or reverence to her Husband, also of his power over his Wife, Gen. 21. 16. & 24. 65. 1 Cor. 11. 10.

;;2. A costly and precious hanging, made of purple and blew silk, scarlet, and fine twined linen, &c. whereby the Most holy place was divided and separated from the Holy place. Exod. 26. 31, 32, 33. And the veil shall make you a separation from the Holy place, and the Most holy place. This was the Vail that rent in twain at the death of Christ, to show the determination and end of the whole Levitical and Ceremonial Law, as one saith, In morte Christi omnia legalia terminantur. A bodily, material, and typical veil.

;;This Vail was a figure of the flesh of Christ, which covered his Godhead, and whereby Christ dedicated us a way to Heaven, as it is expounded, Heb. 10. It was replenished with Cherubims, to figure the multitude of Angels serving Christ, even as he is man, and by him as man ascending and descending, Isa. 6. Joh. 1. 51. Also to signify the manifold graces of the Spirit, and heavenly affections which Christ had in human nature, and which he communicateth with his, by his Word and Spirit: likewise the heavenly mysteries, which are in Moses Law, right lie understood.

;;3. Blindness, and hardness of heart. 2 Cor. 3. 16. When their hearts shall be turned to the Lord, the veil shall be taken away. As the Vail kept from looking upon the things which were in the Holy of holies: so hardness of heart, and unbelief, kept the Jews from acknowledging and submitting themselves to Christ. A spiritual Vail.

;;4. The defense and preservation, which Husbands owe unto and afford their Wives, against the injuries of others. Gen. 20. 16. He is the Vail of thine eyes to all that are with thee, and to all others. A Metaphor. A Civil Vail.

5. A sheet, apron, or cloak, Ruth 3. 15.

6. Christ's flesh. Heb. 10. 20. Through the veil, that is to say, his flesh.

Vail]

;;A covering which Virgins did wear, in token of modesty, chastity, and honor; the taking away of this from the Church, was the exposing her to reproach, Cant. 5. 7. The Watchmen of the walls took away my Vail from me.

Or, my Scarse; It hath the name in the Original of spreading, as being spread over her head to cover her. Such veils were worn of Women, partly for ornament, as appeareth by Isa. 3. 23. partly in modesty, and in sign of subjection to men, especially their husbands, 1 Cor. 11. 6, 7, 8, 10. and a husband is to the wife a covering of her eyes, Gen. 20. 16. The taking away therefore of her veil seemeth to be a note of infamy, disloyalty, or dishonesty imputed to her; as of idolatry, heresy, schism or the like, so she was spoiled of her good name and reputation, and counted among the light and lewd women. See Ezek. 23. 25, 26. Ainsworth.

An apt symbol either of the pure and decent Government of the Church, which is both her ornament, and her defense, or else of the purity and integrity of doctrine, which when it is torn and corrupted by error, makes her like a vile woman, whose nakedness is discovered, and whose fame and honor is vitiated, Ezek. 23. 25, 26. It is a mercy to have one veil taken away, 2 Cor. 5. 14. but this we should be ever careful to preserve. Annot.

Drawing me on into further errors, spoiling me of that purity and sincerity of profession, wherewith as with some rich and modest veil, I was formerly adorned and covered. Hall.

Vail]

;;The flesh or body of Christ, Heb. 10. 20.

;;2. That hanging or cloth, which divided the holy place of the Temple, from the most holy, Heb. 9. 3.

Hanging veil]

;;Exod. 26. 36. This hung as a door of the entry of the Tabernacle, through which the Priests of the Law went or passed every day to minister in the Holy place, but the people might not, Heb. 9. verse. 6, 9, 10.

Vails]

Isa. 3. 23. or Robes, or Frocks, or Cassocks. A loose upper garment, so called of spreading, for so signifies the word from whence it comes, 1 King. 6. 32. Annot.

Vain]

;;Something which is not firm and constant, but subject to decay, being of a perishing and vanishing condition. Psal. 108. 12. Vain is the help of man.

;;2. That which misseth of his end, or deceived of his expectation, Rom. 1. 21.

;;3. Unprofitable and needless, of no use, and to no purpose. Psal. 127. 1. Except the Lord build the house, they labor in vain that build it.

4. Wind, vain knowledge, Heb. knowledge of wind. Job 15. 2. marg.

Vain]

〈◊〉 , void, idle, false, as the Original 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 signify. That which wanteth the substance which ought to be in it, whereof notwithstanding it hath a certain show. That which is not true, but false and deceitful. That which produceth not the expected effect, but doth frustrate the expectation. That which is frivolous, rash, of no moment, or weight. That which is frail, brittle, inconstant, unstable, corruptible. Ravanel.

This is spoken of Bablings, 1 Tim. 6. 20. Beauty, Prov. 31. 30. Conversation, 1 Pet. 1. 18. Customs of the people, Jer. 10. 3. 〈◊〉 , Col. 2. 8. Fellows, 2 Sam. 6. 20. Foolish questions, genealogies, contentions, &c. Tit. 3. 9. Help, Lam. 4. 17. Help of man, Psal. 60. 11. Horse, Psal. 33. 17. Jangling, 1 Tim. 1. 6. Knowledge, Job 15. 2. Life, Eccl. 6. 12. Man, Jam. 2. 20. Men, Judge. 11. 3. 2 Chr. 13. 7. Oblations, Isa. 1. 11. Persons, Judge. 9. 4. Psal. 26. 4. Religion, Jam. 1. 26. Repetitions, Mat. 6. 7. Shew, Psa. 39. 6. Talkers, Tit. 1. 10. Thing, Psal. 2. 1. Thin. s, 2 Sam. 22. 21. ( Why should ye go after vain things? i. e. idols, which being empty vanities, and of no worth, do lead men into vanity, and do prove to be just nothing, and unable to give any help in time of trouble to them that trust in them, when they stand in most need, Jer. 2. 9. & 10. 8, 14. Hab. 2. 18. 1 Chron. 8. 4. Deut. 32. 21. Jonah 2. 8. Annot. on 1 Sam. 12. 2.) Thoughts, Psal. 119. 113. Vision, Ezek. 12. 24. Words, Exod. 5. 9. 2 King. 18. 20. About which notwithstanding the speakers were much deceived. This is also applied unto things sometimes by supposition, as unto preaching and faith, 1 Cor. 15. 14. Sometimes falsely, as when they said, It is in vain to serve God, Mal. 3. 14. Sometimes truly, as, Vain is the help of man, Psal. 108. 12. So unto persons, as To idle, light, unstable and loose companions, Prov. 12. 11. & 28. 19. To the heathen, 1 King. 17. 15. To the wicked, Job 11. 11, 12. To the children of Belial, 2 Chr. 13. 7. To robbers and oppressors, Psal. 62. 10. To Idolaters, Rom. 1. 21. To such as credit false Teachers, Jer. 23. 16.

Vain Idols]

;;Things of naught, of no force or profit. Psal. 96. 5. Their God's be vain Idols. The Apostle openeth this word, 1 Cor. 8. 4. We know (saith he) that an Idol is nothing in the world. Elim and Elohim in Hebrew, are God's of strength and power, so called, Gen. 1. 1. Psal. 82. 1. Elilim be Idols of no strength, without power: so they are called, 2 Chr. 13. 9. as unable to help, and unprofitable, Jer. 10. 5. Isa. 44. 9, 10. And as the name of God is often joined with things, to show their excellency, Psal. 36. 7. so of Idols, to show their vanity, Job 13. 4. Zach. 11. 7. Jer. 14. 14.

In vain]

;;Rashly, without reason, counsel, or due cause. Rom. 13. 4. Beareth not the sword in vain. Magistrates, having their authority from God, do not bear the sword without reason, and when they put difference (in the use of the sword) they do not bear it without counsel and cause: also if their punishments amend the offenders, terrify the beholders, to fear others from doing evil, then it is not born in vain in regard of success.

;;2. Without fruit or profit, to no purpose or end. Gal. 3. 4. Have ye suffered so many things in vain? And elsewhere often, as Gal. 4. 11. 1 Thess. 2. 1.

;;3. Either to no purpose, upon idle respects, or to wicked purpose, to confirm lies and wickedness, Exod. 20. 7.

Vain words]

A word of lips, Isa. 36. 5. marg.

Vain glory]

;;The opinion, praise, or appl ause of hearers and beholders. Gal. 5. 16. Be not desirous of vain glory. When any say and do things for this end, to win and gain estimation and commendations from men, then they show themselves men-pleasers, and desirous of vainglory: for it is against all reason and wisdom to seek our own praise, and thereof cometh no fruit but shame.

Vain-glory]

Gal. 5. 26. Ambition, which hath always two companions, backbiting and envy, out of which two it cannot be, but many contentions must needs arise. Annot.

The vanity of appearing to the Jews to be great Zealots. Dr. Ham. Paraph.

Desiring to be accounted rich, eloquent, and good by men. Leighs Annot.

Vainly]

Col. 2. 18. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , rashly, without cause or reason, without fruit or profit. See Leigh Crit. Sac.

Vale]

See Valley.

Vale, or Ualley]

There are divers mentioned in Scripture, for some remarkable things. Whereof some were choice, Isa. 22. 7. Fat, Isa. 28. 4. Flowing, Jer. 49. 4. Others, rough, Deut. 21. 4. desolate, Isa. 7. 19.

Valiant]

Stout, hardy, courageous. A Son of Valour, 1 Sam. 18. 17. marg. 2 Chr. 28. 6. marg.

Valiant]

Heb. 11. 34. Waxed valiant in fight, as Joshua, the Judges, King David, Asa, Jehoshaphat, whose warlike successes are ascribed to faith, not arms. Pareus.

Was it not valiantly done of Abraham with the servants of his own house to encounter with five Kings? Was it not valiantly done of little David a young stripling, never acquainted with War, to fight with that huge Giant 〈◊〉 , that had been a man of war from his youth up? Jones.

Nothing is so terrible or difficult, but a man, who hath God's Word to be a ground for his faith, may adventure upon it, with assurance of prevailing. If he be called, he may encounter, with the hardest party. Dickson.

Like a valiant man]

Like many people, Isa. 10. 13. marg.

Valiant men of Israel]

;;Mighty strong men, which were sound and true hearted, right Israelites, Cant. 3. 7. Of the valiant men of Israel.

They figured such strong men as have the Word of God abiding in them, and do overcome the wicked one, 1 Joh. 2. 14. Ainsworth. See About it.

Valiantly]

Manfully, stoutly, courageously, Numb. 24. 18. 1 Chr. 19. 13. Psal. 60. 12. Wonderfully, mightily, victoriously, Psal. 118. 15, 16.

Valley]

A plain, bottom, dale, champian, low country.

Valley]

The efficient cause is God, whose power extendeth to the Valley as well as the Hills, 1 King. 20. 28.

It is put for an obstacle and impediment unto the Kingdom of Christ, Isa. 40. 4. Luk. 3. 5. where every Valley that is depressed and rough is said to be exalted and made smooth; i. e. all obstacles shall be removed that hinder the deliverence of God's people.

Valley of Berachah, 2 Chr. 20. 26. is so called because of the thanksgiving offered to God for the victory obtained by 〈◊〉 , against the enemies of God; and therefore it is also called The valley of Jehoshaphat, Joel 3. 2, 12. which some take appellatively, for any place where God executeth his judgments upon his enemies.

Valley]

;;A long ground between two hills, being moist and more fruitful, Cant. 6. 10. I went to the fruits of the Valley.

For fruits of the Valley, some also read the Apples, or the greenness of the streams which use to run among the Valleys, and represent the 〈◊〉 and propagation of the Church, wherein Christ delighteth, that he may eat of the labor of his hands, who is the chief Gardener, and Master of the Orchard, Mat. 21. 34. Annot.

Valley of death]

Psal. 23. 4. is, to be as it were in the midst of death, or in greatest danger of death, as the Valleys are in the midst of the Hills.

Valley of Hinnom]

;;A very low place on the East and South part of Jerusalem, so called of the Son of Hinnom: This Valley grew so execrable by the pollution thereof, by slaughter and burial, as Hell was thereof called Gehenna: 1. for the lowness, 2. for the fire which the wicked feel there, 3. for the filth cast there, 2 King. 23. 10. Jer. 7. 31, 32, 33. where it is called Tophet of the timbrels which the bloody Priests used at the sacrificing of children, that the cries of the dying child might not move the parents to compassion.

Valley of tears]

Spoken of them who are in extreme misery and affliction, Psal 84. 6. The Hebrews observe that when the word Valley is joined to another word, it increaseth the signification of the word, as in the three former words, ( judgiment, death, and tears ) may appear; whereby is meant exceeding great judgments, danger, and affliction.

Lily of the Valleys]

Cant. 2. 1. or, of the low, (or deep) places. These were fruitful places where the Kings herds were fed, 1 Chr. 27. 29. And as roses and lilies growing in Sharon, and these Valleys, had more moisture, then those that grew in hills and mountains, so hereby it signified the blessed estate of the Church in Christ, by whose grace it is in low and base estate made sweet and amiable, like the Rose and Lily, Isa. 35. 1. Hos. 14. 5. But as here is mentioned the plain of Sharon, and the Valleys, which were open places where cattle fed, and not enclosed gardens: so by it may be signified, how the Church is exposed to persecution, to be plucked of all that pass by the way, and trodden down, and eaten of Beasts. Ainsworth.

Valour]

Courage, stoutness, applied commonly to great 〈◊〉 , as Gideon, Judge. 6. 12. to Jephthah, Judge. 11. 1. David, 1 Sam. 16. 18. and his Worthies, 2 Sam. 23. 8. It ought to be in men especially for the truth, Jer. 9. 2. both in Ministers of the Word, 2 Chr. 26. 17. Act. 4. 19. & 13. 10. & 17. 17. 1 King. 18. 15, 18, 40. & 22. 14, 19. & 2 King. 11. 4. & 3. 13. and professors, Dan. 3. 12, 16, 17. Mar. 15. 43. Act. 7. 52.

Value]

To esteem of, Isa. 53. 3. 1 King. 10. 21.

It signifieth, To tax, or set a price, Job 28. 17. 19. where wisdom is said to be of a greater worth then that gold and precious stones can be a sufficient price to purchase it. So Mat. 27. 9. out of Zech. 11. 13. Christ is said to be valued at 30 pieces of silver, because that was the price set and agreed upon between Judas and the Priests, to betray him.

Vale]

Worth, esteem, repute, skill, Job 13. 4.

Vaniah]

Nourishment, or weapons of the Lord. Ezr. 10. 35. The Son of 〈◊〉 .

Vanish]

To consume away, Job 6. 17. Heb. to be cut off, marg. & 20. 7. To fly suddenly away, Prov. 23. 5. As the dew, Hos. 6. 4. To decay, fade, and wax old, Heb. 8. 8. To be of no use, 1 Cor. 13. 8. To come to nothing, 1 Cor. 2. 6. To abolish and do away, 1 Cor. 13. 10, 11. 2 Cor. 3. 7, 13, 14. 2 Thess. 2. 8. 2 Tim 1. 10. Hence things that perish suddenly, are said to vanish like smoke. To cease to be seen, Luk. 24. 31. marg.

Vanity]

;;A thing of no force, use, or continuance. 1 Sam. 12. 23. Why will you sallow vanity which profiteth not, nor can deliver? In this sense Idols are often called Vanity, Joh. 2. 8. Psal. 71. 7. Rom. 8. 20. The creature is subject to vanity; that is, to a vanishing and fleeting estate.

Vanity]

Psal. 10. 7. or iniquity, marg. Inconstancy and frailty, Psal. 144. 4. Idols, Deut. 32. 21. A vanishing and fleeting estate, Psal. 39. 5. Lightnesse, Psal. 62. 9. The punishment following iniquity, Prov. 22. 8. Sinful means, Prov. 13. 11. A thing of no worth, of great uncertainty, Psal. 35. 5, 11. Prov. 21. 6. Unprofitableness, Eccl. 1. 2. Falsehood in words, Psal. 12. 2. & 41. 6. That which is not able to help, Psal. 62. 9. A disquieted and troublesome estate about transitory and unprofitable things, Psal. 78. 33. Natural opinions, vain and foolish, Eph. 4. 17. Sinful and foolish, folly, Psal. 94. 11. Prov. 12. 11. 1 Cor. 3. 20. Mans own imaginations, Ezek. 13. 6, 8. Jonah 2. 8. Every deceitful thing, counsel, hope, device, imagination, which bring not our endeavors to pass, Psal. 4. 2.

For the creature was made subject to vanity, Rom. 8. 20. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , vanity hath a double notion; one, as it refers to the heathen Idols, which being 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 nothings, are called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , vain, or vanities, Act. 14. 14. and so vanity here is all their ignorant, filthy Idol-worship, and so it's Eph. 4. 17. and so Rom. 1. 21. & 2 Pet. 2. 18. Another, as it's rendered, wretched, miserable, and both these may seem to be here put together; as the course of the Gentiles, was an idolatrous, villanous, and withal an unhappy, wretched course, to which the Devil had brought them, and God in his just judgments had delivered them up, for their despising the light of nature. Dr. Ham. Annot. h.

Vanity of mind]

Vanity is taken 6 ways all agreeable to the mind.

• 1. It signifieth unprofitable, without fruit, Eccl. 2. 22. & 3. 9. Mal. 3 14. So doth the Apostle show the vanity of the conversation of carnal men, Rom. 6. 21. What fruit had ye of these things whereof now ye are ashamed? the end whereof is death.
• 2. It signifieth empty, without any substance; as emptiness is opposed to that which is full, or heavy, or true. As,
• • 1. To fullness; so promises not fulfilled are said to be vain promises. Job (ch. 7. 3.) calleth the time of his life months of vanity; that is, empty of solid joy, peace or comfort. And Psal. 2. 1. The Gentiles imagine vain things; i. e. empty, without reason or success. In which sense whatsoever occupyeth the hearts and hands of wicked men, or with whatsoever they are occupied, may justly be said to be vain, as having no solidity but a peace, security and joy, altogether false, yielding a seeming contentment for some small time; like the hungry man dreaming that he is eating, but when he awaketh, his stomach is empty. Isa. 29 8.
  • 2. As it is opposite to gravity; as light and inconstant men, are called vain men; in which sense the prophet calleth Idolaters and their Idols, vain light things, like the wind, Isa. 41. 29.
  • 3. As it is opposite to truth; as deceitful men and liars are called vain men. Psal. 4. 3. men are said to hunt after vanity and follow after lies; where vanity is expounded by lies. Hence Deut. 32. 21. Idols are said to be vain, because they are false and feigned, not being such as they appear to be, but only in the foolish and perverse opinion of men And this vanity also reigneth in the mind of carnal men, because it is averse from the truth, and ready to embrace falsehood and lies.
• 3. It signifieth, to be 〈◊〉 and disappointed of the 〈◊〉 , which is the proper signification of the Greek word; in this sense the Scripture calleth that 〈◊〉 which 〈◊〉 us of our end, and feeds our expectation with a vain hope; whereunto Eve seems to have alluded, in the naming of her second Son Abel; i. e. vanity, because she thought her first Son Cain to be the promised 〈◊〉 that should tread down the head of the Serpent; but by the wickedness of his life perceiving it not possible for him to be the man she expected, upon her next Son she imposed a name, to intimate her being deceived of her hope. So Psal. 33. 17. the horse is said to be a vain thing. And Psal. 60. 19. the help of man is vain; i. e, a deceitful safeguard, a lying help, only feeding the expectation with a vain hope. So 1 Cor. 15. 17. If Christ be not risen (saith the Apostle) then our hope is vain; i. e. deceitful and false, as being yet in our sins; in this sense the hope and confidence of every unregenerate man, may justly be called vain, because it shall deceive and disappoint him at the last, when he standeth in most need of help and comfort.
• 4. It signifieth 〈◊〉 , weak and obnoxious to change, whence we use to say a thing is vanished to nothing. So Job speak, of his friends, ch. 27. 12. Why are ye thus altogether vain? i. e. why do ye urge so many idle and frivolous reasons against 〈◊〉 , which come to nothing. In this sense vain hath two degrees;
• • 1. The 〈◊〉 of change.
  • 2. Of 〈◊〉 :

The first ending in the last, and being a preparation thereunto.

• Of the first Job speaks, ch. 6. 16. comparing the friendship of men to snow and ice, which being melted with the heat of the Sun, vanish, and are changed into another form, that they shall not be known to be the thing they were.
• Of the 〈◊〉 st the Apostle speaketh, Rom. 8. 20. The creature is subject unto vanity, i. e. corruption, as himself immediately after expounds it. So Psal. 144. 4. Man is said to be like unto vanity, because his days pass as a shadow, and are consumed. In which sense the Preacher calleth all things under the Sun vanity; whereunto the LXX. had respect, translating the word smoke, then the which there is nothing more vanishing, seeing like unto a Tower it riseth aloft, as if it would reach unto heaven, but being scatered with the least blast of wind, it vanisheth and consumeth away; such are all things in this world that do possess the mind and thoughts of carnal men, 1 John 2. 14, 15, 17.

• 5. It signifieth 〈◊〉 . Psal. 119. 37. Turn away my eyes that they 〈◊〉 not 〈◊〉 , saith the Psalmist; i. e. iniquity, and the deceitfulness of sin, whereby I may be ensnared, and led away from the truth. So Psal. 94. 11. The thoughts of man are said to be vain; i. e. only evil continually, Gen. 6. Hence Isa. 5. 18. the wicked are said to draw iniquity with the cords of vanity, i. e. with a will, mind, and affections altogether corrupt, although by the cords of vanity, may be understood the objects of sinful lusts, because they provoke unto sin, and nourish it.
• 6. It signifieth foolishness and 〈◊〉 , joined with ignorance and blindness. So Job 11. 12. Vain man would be wise (saith Zophar) though he be born like a wild Asses Colt; i. e. foolish man, void of wisdom and knowledge.

This kind of Vanity is also attributed to the mind, Tit. 3. 3. where describing the miserable condition of the Gentiles without Christ, saith they are foolish. Bodius Ephes. p. 537, 538.

Vanity of Vanities]

;; 〈◊〉 vain, and exceeding full of vanity. Eccles. 1. 2. Vanity of vanities, ( saith the Preacher. ) In the Hebrew phrase, two positives be equivalent to the superlative: as, Servant of Servants, Vanity of Vanities, signifies most servile, most vain.

Vapour]

;;A dewy mist, as the smoke of a seething pot.

;;2. The frailty of man's life being of short continuance, and suddenly extinct and put out, like a vapor. Jam. 4. 14. It is even a vapor that appears for a little time.

Vapor] properly, an exhalation hot and moist, arising out of the water into the air.

Improperly, it is put for the judgments of God, or tokens thereof, Joel 2. 30. Act. 2. 19.

The efficent cause is God, Psal. 135. 7. Jer. 10. 13. The effect is rain, 1 King. 18. 44. Prov. 25. 14. The end is to praise God, Psal. 148. 8.

Vapour]

Job 36. 33. Hebr. that which goeth up, marg.

Variablenesse]

Inconstancy, subject to change, Jam. 1. 17.

Variablenesse]

From the Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither shadow of turning. Jam. 1. 17. The word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (rendered variableness ) signifieth astrononomically the several habitudes and positions, wherein the Sun appears to us every day at the rising in the Meridian, and when it sets. And so 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (rendered turning ) is also a like word belonging not to the daily but yearly course of the Sun, which is farther from us, or nearer to us, after the measure, or in the proportion, that it moves towards the Northern and Southern Tropic. And from thence it is that it casts several 〈◊〉 to the several people of the world, and gives Geographers occasion to divide them into 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , those that cast no shadows those that cast shadows on one side, and those that cast shadows round about. And agreeable to this is the word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (rendered shadow) casting of shadow here, and being joined with 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 turning, signifies the variations of the shadows, according to the various motions of the Sun, before mentioned. Dr. Ham. Annot. d.

God is here compared to the Sun, and is therefore called the Father of lights, but yet is preferred before it, because it hath sometimes clouds cast over it, and sometimes is in an eclipse; but there is no change or shadow of change with him. All these words are astronomicall; God is compared to the Sun, and his light is much perfecter. The Sun hath its parallaxes, in the East it looks one way, in the South and West another way; and his turnings, yearly departures from us, which we call 〈◊〉 . God neither rises, nor sets, nor departs, but is always near to those that call upon him. Leigh' s Annot.

Variance]

Evil strife in affections, words, scolding, brawling; yea all unjust striving, quarrelling, Gal. 5. 20.

Vashni]

Second, changed, a tooth, or my year. 2 Chr. 6. 28. The Son of Samuel.

Vashtie]

Drinking, doubling, putting, or hemp. Ahasuerus his Wife, Est. 1. 9.

Vaunt]

To boast, Judge. 7. 2. To be rash, 1 Cor. 13. 4. marg.

Vcall

The name of a man, Prov. 30. 1. He was (as 〈◊〉 think) the Disciple of Agur, or some wise man, who used to converse with him, that he might learn wisdom of him.

It cometh from a word that signifieth to be able, which is by some attributed to Christ, and in the same place Ithiel, the strong God is with me, that the godly might be put in mind of their sanctification wrough by the presence and power of 〈◊〉 . Junius, and Trem. upon Prov. 30. 1.

Vehement]

Fierce, Cant. 8. 6. Obstinate, Luk. 23. 10. Zealous, ardent, Mar. 14. 31. Strong, Jon. 4. 8. Luk. 6. 48.

Vehement]

Jon. 4. 8. or silent, marg.

Vehemently]

Earnestly, confidently, fervently, Mat. 14. 31. Sharply, eagerly, greatly, Luk. 11. 53. Stiffly, fiercly, with great contention, Luk. 23. 10.

Vein]

Job 28. 1. There is a vein for the silver, or a mine; Heb. a coming forth; that is, either a place where it puts forth itself into veins, or a way, to bring it out of the earth. Annot.

Vel]

Desiring God. Of the Sons of Bani, Ezr. 10. 34.

Venemous beast]

Act. 28. 4. Gr. Therion, whereby are signified all manner of wild beasts, but especially the beasts which by biting and stinging shoot their poison and kill men like as this serpent: from which word it is thought that the Antidote called Theriacum or Treacle, hath its name; either because it it also made of the flesh of this Serpent, or because it resists the poison of this and such like venomous beasts. D. Annot.

Vengeance]

;;Law, and divine right. Act. 28. 4. Vengeance hath not suffered him to live.

;;2. Punishment inflicted and taken upon the wicked for their wickedness. Rom. 12. 19. Vengeance is mine. Rom. 13. 3 To take vengeance on them which do evil.

Vengeance is spoken,

• 1. Of man.
• 2. Of God.

Of man, Prov. 6. 34. Judge. 14 4. who is often so eargre after it, as he will be contented to lose his own life, if so be he can take vengeance of his enemies, Judge. 16. 28. 30.

It is

• 1. unlawful, and so the desire of it is condemned in Lamech, Gen. 4. 24. in Abner, 2 Sam. 3. 9. Joab, verse. 27. 30. Esau, Gen. 27. 41. 42. And the fact, Gen. 34. 25, 26. 1 Sam. 22. 16. Lam. 3. 60. It ought not to be sought after, Lev. 19. 18. for it belongeth to God, who will repay, Deut. 32. 35. Rom. 12. 19. Heb. 10. 30. It is therefore to be left to God, Gen. 50. 9. 1 Sam. 11. 13. 2 Chr. 24. 22. 1 Pet. 2. 21. who will take vengeance though we hold our tongue, 1 Sam. 25. 38, 39. compared with 32, 33, 34, & 35. verse. This is the comfort of the godly in their oppressions by the wicked, 1 Sam. 24. 13, 14, 19. It ought to be abstained from, especially by the Ministers of the Gospel, Luk. 9. 54, 55, who notwithstanding may commit their cause unto God, desiring him to take vengeance upon the desperate and cruel enemies of his truth and servants, Jer. 11. 19, 20. & 15. 15. &. 17. 18. & 18. 18. 2 Tim. 4. 14, 15.
• 2. Lawfull, as that,
• • 1. Of David, for the abuse done to his messengers, 2 Sam. 10. 7. 1 Chr. 19. 8.
  • 2. Of the Magistrates upon Malefactors, 1 Pet. 2. 14. Rom. 13. 4.
  • 3. Of the people of God upon his enemies, Judge. 15. 7. 1 Sam. 14. 24.
  • 4. Of the Ministers of the Gospel upon obstinate sinners, 2 Cor. 10. 6. viz. by Excommunication, Matth. 18. 18.
  • 5. upon ourselves, by refraining from sin, and the occasions thereof, which is a fruit of true repentance, 2 Cor. 7. 11.

Secondly of God, inflicting his severe judgments upon impenitent sinners, 2 Thess 1. 8. 2 Sam. 22. 48. In doing whereof the Lord is said to comfort himself, Ezek. 5. 13. & 16 42. & 21. 22. and to revenge the blood of his servants, Deut. 32. 43. his covenant, Lev. 26. 25. For all which, the Lord is said to have a day of vengeance, Isa. 61. 2. & 63. 4. Jer. 46. 10. & 51. 6. Luk. 21. 22. In respect whereof he is called a God of vengeance, Psal. 94. 1. Heb. 10. 30.

Vengeance]

Punishment for sin, Heb. 10. 30. 〈◊〉 not the Magistrate revenge? His throne, is God's Throne; his sword, God's sword; his vengeance, God's vengeance. No private man may revenge. The King of Kings saith, Vengeance is mine, and wilt thou wrest God's sword out of his hand? Wilt thou intrude thyself into God's Office? Jones.

Taking vengeance]

Heb. by revenging revengement, Ezek. 25. 12. marg.

Venison]

The wild beast taken in hunting, or the meat made of the flesh thereof, Gen. 25. 28. & 27. verse. 3, 5, 7, 19, 25, 31. 33.

Venome]

The properties of it are,

• 1. It is Cruel, Deut. 31. 33.
• 2, Deadly, Jam. 3. 8.
• 3. Hot, Psal. 140. 3.

It is put,

• 1. For the judgment of God upon the wicked, Job 20. 16. For the malice of wicked men against God and their, Neighbor, Deut. 32. 33. Psal. 58. 5.
• 2. For their slanderings and back-bitings, Psal. 140. 3. Jam. 3. 8. Which God threateneth to punish, Hos. 7. 16.

Venome]

Their wine is the cruel venom of Asps, Deut. 32. 33. Wine here signifieth the corrupt doctrine and heresies wherewith the Jews poisoned themselves and their Disciples, as the wine of fornications is the heresies and idolatries of Antichrist, wherewith all Nations have been made drunken, Rev. 17. 2. The cruel venom of Asps; in Gr. incurable fury of Asps; in Chaldee. as the gall of Asps the cruel 〈◊〉 , which are venomous Serpents that will not be charmed, Psal. 58. 5, 6. and so it noteth their incurable maliciousness. Ainsworth.

Vent]

To let out, to open, Job 32. 19. marg.

At a venture]

In simplicity, 1 King. 22. 34. marg. Haphazard, uncertain, by chance, 1 King. 21. 34. 2 Chr. 18. 33. 2 Sam. 1 6. This is spoken in respect of second causes; for in respect of the first cause there is no chance, but all things are by him determined, and ruled by his providence.

Veriffed]

Tryed, found to be true, Gen. 42. 20. To bring to pass, 1 King. 8. 26. 2 Cor. 6. 17.

Verily]

A note of affirmation, 2 King. 4. 14. of Confidence, and assurance, Psal. 37. 3. & 58. 11. & 66. 19. of Asseveration, Psal. 73. 13. Mat. 5. 26. In great matters hardly to be believed, y t necessary to be believed and embraced, Matt. 5. 29. & 6. 2. & 8. 10. of Resolution, Act. 16. 37. 1 Cor. 5. 3. & 9. 18. It is often doubled by Christ in the Evangelsts, to confirm the truth of his doctrine, Joh. 1. 51. & 3. 3. & 5. 19.

Verity]

Truth, Psal. 111. 7. It is put for Sincerity, 1 Tim. 2. 7.

Vermilion]

A read earth that Painters use, Jer. 22. 14. Where it is put for coloured Theft, or Sacrilege.

It is used by Idolaters, to make their Idols appear beautiful, that the beholder may be the sooner induced to Idolatry, Exek. 23. 14.

Virtue]

;;The natural vigor and strength which is put into every creature, for such use as it is appointed unto of God; as the virtue of Herbs, Plants, &c.

;;2. Power and might, or the effect of power. Luk. 8. 46. Virtue is gone out of me; that is, there is some healthful effect wrought by my power.

;;3. Godliness, honesty of life, and good manners. Phil. 4. 8. If there be any virtue, &c. 2 Pet. 1. 3. Called to virtue.

;;4. Christian valor, courage, and fortitude, (as Virtus is derived of Vir ) 2 Pet. 1. 6. Join to your faith virtue.

;;5. Excellencies and perfections of God, 1 Pet. 1. 2.

Virtue]

That hath called us to glory and virtue, 2 Pet. 1. 3. The word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , virtue, beside the ordinary known notion of it, sor probity rf manners among men, as the genericall word that contains all moral and Christian virtues under it, (in which sense it is used, Phil. 4. 8.) doth in 〈◊〉 chap. signify two things very distant from one another, and both of them differing from this. In this verse it signifies the power of God which he shown in Christ, especially the miracles which he was enabled to work; and so its here joined with the glory, whether the descent of the Holy Ghost on him, and on the Apostles, (which is ordinarily called Schechina, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 glory ) or whether the glory that shone in his works and doctrine be meant by it. So 1 Pet. 2. 9. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , the virtues (in the plural) of him that calleth us out of darkness into this great light, i. e. his miraculous power, divine actions and words together. But then in v. 5. of this chap. the word seems yet to have a third notion, and belonging there evidently to men not to God, as here, it cannot yet be fitly interpreted by that word virtue, which is the general comprehensive title of all virtues, for many of them are after named, as continence, patience, &c. and required to be superstructed upon this of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 virtue, which would not be so proper; but it seems rather to signify (in that notion wherein both the Gr. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , and the Latin virtus, are often used) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , 1 Cor. 16. 13. Manhood, courage, or fortitude in adhering to Christ, Mat. 16. 24. which the Gnostics, against whom he arms them, would so fain rob them of, now in time of persecutions. Dr. Ham. Annot. a.

Virtuous]

Diligent, industrious. Ruth 3 11.

It is spoken of the carefulness and diligence of a good Woman, about her household affairs, Prov. 31. 29.

Vertuously]

Have done virtuously, Prov. 31. 29. or have gotten riches, marg.

Very]

By the words 〈◊〉 hereunto the meaning hereof may be plainly perceived.

In very deed]

A word of Asseveration, 1 Sam. 25. 34. Truly, really, in earnest, 1 Sam. 〈◊〉 . 4. In effect, 2 Chr. 6. 18.

〈◊〉 ]

;;Any instrument of use in an house for the good of this life. 2 Tim 2. 20. In a great house are vessels of wood, and of earth. These serving to common use, were profane instruments. Mar. 11. 16. Neither would he suffer them to carry vessels through the Temple. In Gen. 24. 53. it signifies all things for use or ornament.

;;2. Natural Instruments, which receive and contain the matter of generation. 1 Sam. 21. And the vessels of the young man were holy. 1 Thess. 4. 4. That ye know how to keep your vessels in holiness and honor. A Metaphor.

;;3. Wives, which howsoever they be the weaker sex, yet are Instruments of great and manifold use. 1 Pet. 3 7, 8. Giving honor unto the woman, as unto the weaker vessel. A Metaphor.

Vessel is put for the Ministers of the Gospel. Thus Paul is a chosen vessel to 〈◊〉 the Name of Christ among the Gentiles, and. Kings, and people of Israel, Act. 9. 15. And in general any man or woman that God appoints to do any work, or to be his instrument, either publicly or privately. 〈◊〉 all men in respect of the work God requires of them, are Vessels, 2 Tim. 2. 20, 21.

Vessel]

The potters vessel, Isa. 30. 14. Heb. the bottle of Potters, marg. Any instrument to carry things in, wet or dry, Gen. 43. 11. Mat. 13 48. Mar. 11. 16. Ships, Isa. 18. 2. Mans body, 1 Thess. 4. 4. Earthly, frail, subject to mortality, 2 Cor. 4. 7. There were vessels, of brass, 2 Sam. 8. 10. Clay, Jer. 18. 4. Earth, 2 Tim. 2. 20. Gold, Est. 1. 7. Silver, 2 Sam. 8. 10. Wood, 2 Tim. 2. 20. Ivory, Rev. 18. 12.

Poured from vessel to vessel]

is, To suffer a change, from prosperity to adversity, Jer. 48. 11.

Vessel unp 〈◊〉 ]

Empty, wherein there is no pleasure, is spoken of them who are brought into a contemptible and miserable, condition, Jer. 51. 34. Psal. 31. 15. Jer. 22. 28. & 48. 38. Hos. 8. 8.

Weaker vessel]

Women are so called, 1 Per. 3. 7.

• 1. Because they are weaker in judgment, and more subject to passion then men, which is the cause why Satan assaulted Eve rather then Adam, Gen. 3. 1. They are more easily deceived then men.
• 2. Because of their insufficiency for the greatest employments in Church or Common wealth.
• 3. They cannot so well shift for themselves as men, their desire is naturally subject to men, in respect of depending upon them for provision and protection, Gen. 3.
• 4. They are apter to perturbations, and not so constant not stable in the heart, as men.
• 5. They are more prone to pride, and vanity in apparel, then men; for all the directions in Scripture (especially in in the New Testament) concerning apparel, are rather given to Women then Men, 1 Tim. 2. 9. 1 Pet. 3. 3.
• 6. The Scripture ascribeth the sin and corruption of mankind to that sex, rather then to the other, 1 Tim. 2. 14. Job 15. 14. & 25. 4. Psal. 51. 4, 5.
• 7. Experience showeth that where they are wicked, they are far worse then men; Jezebel was worse then Ahab, Herodias then Herod. Solomon speaks this from his experience, Eccl. 7. 28.

Vessels of earth]

Frail and brittle men, subject to mortality. 2 Cor. 4. 7. We have this treasure in earthen vessels.

Full Vessels]

;;Hollow places filled up fitly, Cant. 5. 12. And remain by the full vessels. The word vessels is not in the Original, being in the Geneva Translation, which our Author followed, set down in a different character from the Text. In our last, the place is rendered fitly set, of which see in fitly set.

Vessels meet for the Lord's use]

are such as abstain from the fellowship of the wicked and purge themselves from their corruptions, 2 Tim. 2. 20, 22.

Vessels of mercy]

;;Elect and chosen ones, ordained to mercy, even to obtain honor and salvation in heaven, through Christ. Rom 9. 23. That he might show the riches of his glory upon the vessels of mercy. These be also called vessels of honor, v. 21.

As the vessels of a potter, &c. Rev. 2. 27. They shall utterly be destroyed without recovery, as earthen vessels are when broken. Isa. 30. 14. Jer. 19. 11. Annot.

Vessels of wrath]

;;Persons, men and women prepared to destruction. Rom. 9. 22. What if God would, to show his wrath, and to make his power known, suffer with long patience the vessels of wrath prepared to destruction? There are also called vessels made to dishonor, verse. 21.

Vestments]

Garments used by Idolatrous Priests in their Idolatrous worship, 2 King. 10. 22.

Vestry]

A place where the Priests clothes are kept, 2 King. 10. 22.

Vesture]

Cloaths, of Christ dipt in blood, notes his victory over his enemies, Rev. 19. 13.

Cloathed with a vesture dipt in blood, Rev. 19. 13. It showeth the exceeding great slaughter of his foes formerly: for his garments are not sprinkled with blood, as Isa. 63. 2. but dipt or died of it, Isa. 9. 5. what could his enemies look for from him now, seeing the marks of his former victories, but destruction? Or, as if he should come to revenge the blood of his servants shed by Antichrist, and should wear one of their garments full of blood, to incite him to the greater revenge. Or, it might be to signify the event of this battle, that so much blood should be shed, that not the common Soldiers only, whose hands are most employed in war; but the general himself, whose head useth to be more employed then his hands, shall have his garments died in blood. Annot.

To have a name, King of Kings, &c. written upon the vesture, signifieth, that the divine power and majesty of Christ, shall be conspicuous unto all, insomuch that all shall openly acknowledge him, and worship him.

Hath on his vesture a name written, Rev. 19. 16. That all men may see it, and fear him. Some footsteps of his power appeared before, in converting the Gentiles: but much obscured by the persecution under the Heathen Emperors, and afterwards under the Popes; but when both these are destoyed, then all men may fully discern it. Annot.

To vex]

;;Most grievously to torture ones mind, as a body set upon the Rack to be tormented, 2 Pet. 2. 7, 8.

;;2. To provoke and anger one with bad words and ill usage, Lev. 18. 18. & Psal. 6. 10.

Vex]

To oppress, Exod. 22. 21. To persecute and destroy, Numb. 25. 17. To procure judgments from God, Ibid. 18.

It is spoken of men vexing men, Exod. 22. 21. Lev. 18. 18. Numb. 25. 17. Isa. 7. 6.

• 1. Himself, 2 Sam. 12. 18.
• 2. The Church, Act. 12. 1.
• 3. The Spirit of God, Isa. 63. 10.

Of God vexing man, Psal. 2. 5. 2 Chron. 15. 6. Ezek. 32. 9.

Vex]

2 Sam. 12. 18. Hebr. do hurt, marg. Psal. 2. 5. or trouble, marg.

Vexation]

is put for, great afflictions and judgments, Deut. 7. 23. Isa. 22. 5. Ezek. 7. 7. Deut. 28. 20.

Vexed]

Judge. 10. 8. Hebr. crushed, marg. Judge. 16. 16. Hebr. shortened, marg. Job 27. 2. Heb. made bitter, marg.

Vial]

A vessel narrow at the bottom, and wide above, wherein incense was offered up to God, Rev. 5. 8. The matter is gold, Ibid. In respect of the form it represents the heart, which is narrow and pointed at the lower end, but wider above, to signify, that it should be open towards God and heaven, but closed towards the world.

In respect of the matter, it signifieth that the heart which praises God should be holy and pure, and that such hearts are honorable in the sight of God; for a vessel of gold, and a vessel of honor, are put for the same, 2 Tim. 2. 20, 21.

It is put for the prayers of the Saints. Rev. 5. 8. by a double metonymy,

• 1 Of the continent for the thing contained.
• 2 Of the sign for the thing signified.

Vials of the wrath of God]

signify, the Judgments of God, Rev. 15. 7. & 16. 1, 2, 3, 4.

• 1. Because they are the means and instruments whereby God executes his judgments upon the wicked, even as is a vessel out of the which wine is poured to be drunk.
• 2. Because God pours out his judgments in a certain measure, such as himself hath determined.
• 3. Because the judgments of God are just, free from any blot or injustice, as the gold whereof the Vial is made is pure and free from dross.

The vials of the wrath of God, Rev. 16. 1. These Vials were for the destruction of Popish Rome, as the seals were for the overthrow of the heathen Roman Empire. There is a great agreement between the trumpets, that weakened the Christian Roman Empire, and these Vials, that shall ruin the Popish Church. The evil of the first trumpet, and vial, lighteth on the earth; the second on the Sea, &c. The one showeth that the Popish Church shall be destroyed, as sure as the Heathen Empire was: the other, that it shall be destroyed by such like judgments, as the Heathen Empire was weakened. Annot.

As Antichrist rose by seven trumpets in the 8th. chapter, so he shall fall by seven vials, (the vials are of large extent, but of narrow mouths; they pour out slowly, but drench deeply, and distill effectually the wrath of God; they are vessels of full and just measure, as all these judgments are dispensed in weight and measure) they shall be poured on the whore of Babylon. Papists and we agree in this, but differ in the other, who shall be the whore. We say the Church of Rome, and some of them also. Destruction comes upon all those that join with Rome; the earth, the common people; the sea, the Roman dominion; Rivers, those that carry abroad her trumperies; the sun, the highest authority that holds on Rome. These vials import not only temporal and bodily plagues, but spiritual also. Leighs Annot.

Victory]

is taken, I. Properly, for that victory obtained against common enemies in war.

It it sometime expressed by the word battle, Eccl. 9. 11. By a Metonymy of the antecedent for the consequent, by saving, Judge. 7. 2. deliverance, Ibid. 15. 18.

The efficient first cause is God, Josh. 14. 12. 1 Sam. 7. 11. 13. & 14. 45.

• For 1. it is obtained by prayers put up unto him, 1 King. 8. 44, 45. 2 Chr. 6. 34, 35. Exod. 17. 11.
• 2. By a holy, and strong confidence in his name, 1 Sam. 14. 6, 10, 12. compared with 13. & 17. 37, 45, 46. 2 Chron. 13. 11, 12. & 14. 11, 12. & 20. 15, 17, 18, 20. & 32. 8.
• 3. Because a few men, without strength, often obtain the victory against multitudes, exceeding in strength and all warlike furniture, Gen. 14. 14, 15, 16, 19, 20. Judge. 7. 2, 7. 1 Sam. 14. 6, 13. & 17. 45, 46, 47, 5. Psal. 33. 16, 17. & 147. 10. Prov. 21. 31. So that the battle is not always given to the strong, Eccl. 9. 11.
• 4. The victory is promised and given of God as a great benefit, Gen. 22. 17. Exod. 23. 27. Lev. 26. 7, 8. Deut. 11. 23. & 28. 7.
• 5. Because we are commanded to ascribe it to God, Judge. 15. 8. 1 Sam. 7. 12. & 11. 13. 2 Sam. 5. 20. and to praise him, and give him thanks for it, Genes. 14. 19, 20. Exod. 15. 1. to 21. Judge. 5. 2. 2 Chr. 20. 26.
• 6. Because they that trust to themselves are often disappointed of their hope, Exod. 15. 9, 10. Judge. 5. 28, 29, 30. 1 Sam. 17. 44, 49, 51. 1 King. 20. 3, 10, 18. Wherefore men should not triumph before the victory, 1 King. 20. 11.

The parties that obtain this victory, are,

• 1. The Church against her enemies, Exod. 17. 11. Numb. 31. 49, 50. Josh. 10. 11. Judge. 7. 11.
• 2. The enemies against the Church, Deut. 32. 30. Josh. 7. 4, 5. Judge. 3. 12, 13. 1 Sam. 4. 2, 10. 2 King. 23. 29. 2 Chr. 35. 21. Psal. 44 10, 11. and that either,
• • 1 Because of the just judgment of God for the sins of his people, as appeareth by the mentioned places. Or then,
  • 2 For the trial of his people, and the purging them from their sins, Dan. 8. 10. & 11. 35.
  • 3. The Church one against another, Judge. 20. 35. 2 Chr. 13. 16. Isa. 10. 13.
  • 4. The enemies of the Church one against another, 2 King. 24. 7. 1 King. 1. 16, 22.

II. It is taken improperly, for the victory of Christ against the devil, the world, sin, and death, Joh. 16. 33. Rev. 3. 21. & 5. 5. & 6. 2. according to the promise, Gen. 3. 15. Col. 2. 15. Heb. 2 14. 1 Joh. 3. 8.

2. For the victory that the faithful obtain against the devil, world, and the flesh; against Heretics, false Teachers, and Antichrist, Rom. 8. 36. 1 Cor. 15. 54, 55. Isa. 25. 8. Hos. 13. 14. 1 Joh. 3. 13, 14. & 4. 4. & 5. 4, 5. Rev. 2. 7, 11, 17. & 3. 5, 21. & 21. 7.

Faith is 〈◊〉 victory, 1 Joh. 5. 4. not for the worthiness of it; but,

• 1. By 〈◊〉 us into the Covenant of God, and espousing us to Christ; for it makes Christ, and all his victory ours.
• 2. By drawing virtue from Christ, as the branch from the root.
• 3. By receiving as by a hand, all from God, and Christ; especially, the promise, 〈◊〉 , and graces of the Spirit, which makes us invincible.

Victory]

2 Sam. 19. 2. Heb. salvation or deliverance, marg. Prov. 21. 31. or safety. Comp. the marg. with the text.

Victory of the Beast]

;;A prevailing 〈◊〉 Antichrist, even by a full and absolute victory; for which cause here be reckoned up with the Beast, his Image, Mark, and Number of his name. All which these Conquerors shall abhor, and have in utter execration. Rev. 15. 2. And them that had gotten victory of the Beast, and of his 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 , and Name.

Death is swallowed up in victory, 1 Cor. 15. 54. The Heb. phrase 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , which is 〈◊〉 rendered 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , 2 Sam. 2. 26. Job 36. 7. Jer. 3. 5. Lam. 5. 20. 〈◊〉 1. 11. doth in all of them 〈◊〉 forever, and is rendered 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Isa. 13. 20. and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , to the end. Psal. 13. 2. and so it's in this place, Death shall be forever (or perfectly, or finally) 〈◊〉 . Dr. Ham. Annot. c.

To bring forth judgment unto victory, 〈◊〉 , To place righteousness in the world, against all the striving and impediments cast in by Satan to the hindering thereof. 〈◊〉 upon Mat. 〈◊〉 . 20.

Victual]

Meat and drink, Gen. 14. 11.

It is put for all necessaries for the life. Synecdoche. Psal 132. 15. Josh. 1. 11. & 9. 11. Mat. 14. 15. Luk. 9. 12.

Victuals]

Jer. 44. 17. Hebr. bread marg.

View]

To spy, Josh. 2. 1. To search and consider, Josh. 7. 2 Neh. 2. 13. Ezr. 8. 15.

View]

2 King. 2. 7. Hebr. in sight, or over against, marg.

Vigilant]

Watchful. Which both Bishops must be, 1 Tim. 3. 2. and all others Christians, 1 〈◊〉 . 5. 8.

〈◊〉 ]

;;That which is of no worth or price, being contrary to precious: as vile Sacrifice.

;;2. Base, rotten, corruptible, being set against glorious Phil. 3. 21. Our vile bodies shall be like his 〈◊〉 body, &c.

;;3. It signifieth any niggardly person; 〈◊〉 all such be vile, sprung from the dunghill, and 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 , Isa. 3a. 5.

Vile]

Abominable wickedness, Judge. 19. 24. Hateful, 1 Sam. 3. 13. Humble, 2 Sam. 6. 22. 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 , Job. 18. 3. 〈◊〉 , by reason of sin, Job 40. 4 Wicked, Psal. 15. 4. Isa. 32. 5, 6. Rom. 1. 26. 〈◊〉 , Jam. 2. 2.

Vile]

So vile a thing, Judge. 19. 24. 〈◊〉 . the matter of this folly, marg. 1 Sam 3. 13. or 〈◊〉 , marg.

Vile person, Isa. 32. 5. The word is in 〈◊〉 commonly used for a fool, as Deut. 32. 6. where wise and it 〈◊〉 opposed, or (like a withered flower, or 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 plant ) of no reckoning or esteem, chap. 28 1, 4. & 64. 6. See chap. 14. 19. & 27. 11. and both 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 ones are persons of no worth, Prov. 10. 20. But in this place being opposed to a word that hath a notion of liberality in it, it seems rather to import tenacity and 〈◊〉 ; and our ancienter Versions, therefore render it, one of them, a niggard; another, a foolish niggard. 〈◊〉 .

Vilely]

Disgracefully, 〈◊〉 , 1 Sam. 1. 21.

〈◊〉 , or vile 〈◊〉 , riotize. The word 〈◊〉 here used is derived form 〈◊〉 that is, a 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 person, Deut. 21. 20. Prov. 23. 21. and consequently, one vile, contemptible, and naught 〈◊〉 , opposed unto the precious, Jer. 15. 19. And 〈◊〉 vileness or 〈◊〉 may either be meant of the vice itself, or of vicious doctrine, opposed to God's precious Word, before spoken of, verse. 16. or a vile and 〈◊〉 per on may be so called for more vehemency sake, as pride sor the proud man, Psal. 36. 12. Ainsworth.

Vilest men, Psal. 12. 8. Hebr. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , 〈◊〉 , the abstract for the concrete, as often. Annot.

〈◊〉 thing exaited]

;; 〈◊〉 and wickedness is by wicked men extolled to the clouds, Psal. 12 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 thing is exalted. Some 〈◊〉 this to the 〈◊〉 , and make this sense, that when evil and 〈◊〉 men are lifted up to authority, then do the un, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 like Bees, and walk ;;securely: which is true, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not sit to this place.

Viliage]

For one or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 together in the Country, Gen. 25. 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . 1 〈◊〉 . 6 18.

2. For a place not 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 1. 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 a City, Judge. 10 4.

Villages]

Numb 21. 25 Hebr. 〈◊〉 , marg.

Villages]

;;At the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , so it may be translated, Cant. 7 11 Let us remain 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 . See 〈◊〉 , and Lodge.

〈◊〉 ]

Sinful words, either 〈◊〉 , foolish, or 〈◊〉 , Isa. 32. 6. or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 . 29. 23.

Vine]

;;A Tree or Plant, 〈◊〉 grapes, 〈◊〉 Wine is made.

;;2. A Country abounding with Vines and Pasture. Gen. 49. 11. He shall 〈◊〉 . his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉 .

;;3. Christ who is 〈◊〉 a Vine, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in property, giving life of grace to all his members, as a 〈◊〉 gives 〈◊〉 and life to all his 〈◊〉 . Joh. 15. 1. I am the true 〈◊〉 . A Metaphor.

;;4. Particular men and women, which bring forth fruit (as grape.) according as the persons are good 〈◊〉 bad. Deut. 32. 33. Their vine 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 of Sodom, &c.

;;5. The visible Church. Psal. 80. 9. Thou 〈◊〉 brought a 〈◊〉 out, &c. 〈◊〉 . 14. Visit this 〈◊〉 . Isa. 5. 1, 2, 3.

;;In the description of the 〈◊〉 Church, by the similitude of a vine, all things 〈◊〉 to the defense and prosperity of a Church (by the like a Vine) are elegantly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in natural order.

• ;;1. There is choice of 〈◊〉 , or place, [ 〈◊〉 . ]
• ;;2. God's 〈◊〉 for a 〈◊〉 or wall.
• ;;3. Casting out 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 , with Idolatry, to answer the 〈◊〉 out of stones.
• ;;4. Holy laws and 〈◊〉 , like to 〈◊〉 branches, or selected vines.
• ;;5. The 〈◊〉 of Jerusalem, wherein (as in a Tower) Priests, Prophets, and Judges watched to 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 .
• ;;6. Their Doctrines and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Winepress) to bring out all kinds of 〈◊〉 as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 .
• ;;7. And pleasant 〈◊〉 , like 〈◊〉 .

;;All this the Lord to have done to this people, appears by 〈◊〉 . 11. 1. Psal. 80. 9, 10, 11. 〈◊〉 . 1. 2. and 〈◊〉 without 〈◊〉 an example, 〈◊〉 . 157 10 〈◊〉 . 8. 5.

Vine]

;;The Church 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 self, and fruitful as a Vine: also 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 of a 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 it, 〈◊〉 . 7 12 Let us see if the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . The 〈◊〉 that for 〈◊〉 heart are like a Garden of 〈◊〉 ; yet when their 〈◊〉 shall be wrought. will be as 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 , bring 〈◊〉 sweet and wholesome fruits to the 〈◊〉 of God and man. Cotton.

The people called of 〈◊〉 and planted in the 〈◊〉 of his Church, which 〈◊〉 they flourish in a good 〈◊〉 , do after bring forth the fruits of good works to the 〈◊〉 of Christ. 〈◊〉 . en 〈◊〉 . 6. 11. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 are apt to 〈◊〉 wild and 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ; so is the Church apt to 〈◊〉 infected and 〈◊〉 with all 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 watch over her, and send such 〈◊〉 and laborers, as will oversee and 〈◊〉 her. 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 Cant. 6. 11.

The 〈◊〉 is for wood less 〈◊〉 for building, then any 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 ; so that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so much as a 〈◊〉 thereof for hanging any 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , but rather cast it 〈◊〉 the sire and consume it, 〈◊〉 15. 1 2, &c. What substantial thing is there 〈◊〉 our nature for which we should be depended upon? Behold we are 〈◊〉 and lighter then vanity itself. The Vines and their fruit come to nothing, unless under-propped and list from the earth. Such are the 〈◊〉 of our favory words, and the Grapes of our nourishing works, unless 〈◊〉 be sustained with the 〈◊〉 props of Grace. Take away the 〈◊〉 of Preaching, Sacraments, Administring, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, &c. and all our 〈◊〉 fall; our fruits 〈◊〉 . Clapham on Cant. 2. 13.

Vine in Baal-hamon]

;;A Vine planted in a fruitful soil, or in a place so plenteous for Vines, as it bringeth forth a multitude of Vines, Cant. 8. 11. Solomon had a Vine in Baal-hamon. It's in our Translation Vineyard. See Baal-hamon.

Vines of Engedi]

;;Vines excellent and fruitful, planted at Engedi, a Town near unto the red Sea; whereunto the Church is resembled for her sweet smell and pleasant fruits, Cant. 1. 13. My well beloved is as a Cluster of 〈◊〉 unto me in the Vines of Engedi. Vineyards saith our Translation. See Engedi.

Empty vine]

;;The wicked Israelites, who resting from 〈◊〉 , gathered strength to bring forth new wickedness, instead of being better by their corrections: even as Vines after grapes be gathered, being empty, renew their strength to bring forth more grapes next year. Hos. 10. 1. Israel is an empty Vine.

Vine flourishing]

;;The fruits of the graces of God in the Church, and the sign of the approaching of the marriage day, Cant. 7. 12. Let us see if the Vine flourish.

Vine-dresser]

He that labors in the 〈◊〉 , Luk. 13 7. They had Overseers, 1 Chr. 27. 27. were of the lowest of the people, 2 King. 25. 12. Jer. 52. 16. In the Captivity of Babylon they were left behind, They howl and weep for the scarcity of Wine, Joel 1. 11.

Improperly, for the Gentiles converted to Christ, Isa. 61. 5.

2. For the Ministers of the Gospel, Luk. 13. 7.

Vinegar]

;;A sharp, sour, tart liquor, made of Wine. Mat. 27. 48. And presently when one of them running had filled a Sponge with vinegar.

;;2. Any bitterness or grievous affliction of body or soul. Psal. 69. 21. In my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink. Spoken of such as vexed the afflicted.

Vinegar]

A sharp drink made of Wine, Beer, or any other strong drink; they used to dip their morsels in it, Ruth 2. 14. yet it was unlawful for the Nazarites to drink of it, Numb. 6. 3.

The properties of it is,

• 1. That it is sour and sharp.
• 2. It is troublesome to the teeth, and duls them, Prov. 10. 26.
• 3. It dissolves Nitre, and therefore compared to a Song putteth away sadness, Prov. 25. 20.

Vines (of the vineyards) of the earth]

;;The whole number of the Reprobate, whether Heathen, Jews, Turks, or heaps of Hypocrites and wicked within the Church; or Idolaters and Heretics, which renounce the Church and name of Christ, though not in profession, yet in truth. Rev. 14. 19. And cut down (gathered) the vines (of the vineyards) of the earth. Some judge this prophesy not to be of the last judgment when all the wicked shall be cast into the large Wine-press of the pit of hell, to be tormented (as clusters of grapes cut off, are cast into a Fat or Press, where they be pressed) but to have been fulfilled in the year of our Lord, 1539. here in England, when Monasteries, Abbeys, Fryeries, Nunneries, and other houses, (then falsely called religious) were pulled do 〈◊〉 , their lands and revenues converted to other most honest and public uses, by the advice and service of the Lord Cromwell, who (as a sharp sickle) served the providence of God, not to lop and prune, but to cut down the Vines, even the shining fat glory of the Pontifical Church, which had taken deep root, and spread itself far and near in this rich and fruitful Island. Such a cropping of the Vines happened in Garmany, much about the same time. Let the learned judge which sense best agreeth.

Vine-tree]

is the basest sort of wood, good for nothing (if 〈◊〉 ) but to be burnt, Ezek. 15. 2, 3.

It is put for the fruit thereof, Numb. 6. 4.

Vine-tree]

Numb. 6. 4. Hebr. vine of the vine, marg. Of Vines, some were Choyce, Isa. 5. 2. Flourishing, Cant. 7. 12. Fruitful, Psal 128 3. Goodly, Ezek. 17. 8. Noble 2. 21. Spreading, Ezek. 17. 6. Others, Empty, Hos. 10. 1. Undressed, Lev. 25. 5, 11. Waste and dried, Joel 1. 7, 22. Wilde, 2 King. 4. 39.

Vineyard]

;;The visible Church in earth, like a Vineyard in many respects; as for spreading, fruitfulness, manner of 〈◊〉 , exposition to danger, &c. Isa. 5. 12. Psal. 80. 15 〈◊〉 and visit this Vine.

;;2. Also the Common-wealth, Isa. 3. 14.

Vineyard is put for the fruit thereof, Cant. 1. 6. 1 Sam. 8. 15.

• 2. For the riches we possess, Isa. 3. 14.
• 3. For the people of the Jews, Jer. 2. 21. & 12. 10. Mat. 20. 1.

Vineyard]

;;The true Church of Christ committed to faithful Ministers, as to the keepers of it, Cant. 8. 11. He gave the Vineyard unto keepers. An intellectual, mystical Vineyard, planted by God's right hand, grounded in faith, rooted in Charity, watered by the Word of the Preachers, digged and manured by the discipline of Magistrates, the Wine whereof hath the savor and taste of a good concience within, the color and cure of an holy conversation without, and the Wine-press by which it runneth abroad, is the tongue of open and thankful confession to the praise of God. Dr. Kings Sermon, pag. 3. See Keep, and Keeper.

To plant a Vineyard]

To exercise husbandry, sowing of Wheat, dressing Vines, or doing what else is to be done in the fields, for nourishing a family, Gen. 9 30.

Vineyard of red wine]

;;The people or Church of the Jews brought back to their own Country, and there planted, which God shall keep by his protection, as a wall, and water it by his Word, as by dew, making it bring forth good works, for their excellency like to red wine, which is the best and most generous wine, such as abounded in that Region. Isa. 27. 2, 3. A vineyard of red Wine.

;;In these five things chiefly the Church is likened to a Vineyard.

• ;;1. Because the Church is planted, and grows not of itself, as neither doth a Vine, 1 Cor. 3. 6, 7.
• ;;2. The Church being very weak, is yet very fruitful, by the power of God, like the Vine, Ezek. 15. 3. Judge. 9. 13. 2 Cor. 12. 9.
• ;;3. Men are called into the Church, (as into a Vineyard) at divers times, Mat. 20.
• ;;4. The Church is troubled with enemies, as Vineyards with Foxes and wild beasts, Psal. 80. & 74.
• ;;Lastly, A Vine remaineth a Vine, though it have superfluous branches; so doth the Church.

Vintage]

;;The time of gathering, or the act of gathering grapes.

;;2. Many overcome in battle or fight. Judge. 8. 2. Are not the gleanings of the Ephrainites better then the vintage of the Abiezerites?

Viol]

A musical instrument, Isa. 5. 12. Amos 6. 5. used with the Harp, Tabret, and Pipe, Ibid. It was to stir up mirth, Isa. 14. 11. after victories, 2 Chr. 20. 28. in feasts Amos 6. 5. in praising of God, 1 Sam. 10. 5. 2 Sam. 6. 5. 1 King. 10. 12. and by Idolaters in their idolatrous worship, Amos 5. 23.

Violate]

To pollute, Act. 21. 28. Profane, Neh. 13. 18. To transgress, Ezek. 22. 26.

Violence]

Force, Lev. 6. 2.

2. For great sins of all sorts, Gen. 6. 11. Particularly, for injury and oppression, Psal. 11. 5. & 55. 9. & 72. 14. & 73. 6. Prov. 4. 17. For the fury of an enemy, Jer. 6. 7. & 20. 8. For the punishment of oppressors, Prov. 13. 2.

It is put for goods gotten by violence, Amos 3. 10. Natural strength, Heb. 11. 34.

Violence]

Jer. 22. 17. or incursion, marg.

Do violence to no man, Luk. 3. 14. or put no man in fear, marg.

The Kingdom of heaven sussereth violence, Mat. 11. 12. or is gotten by force, marg. This is a strange phrase, if it should be exacted by our manner of expressing; but for the manner of the speech it is to be referred to this Tradition of the Elders: Two men had an inheritance divided between them by equali portions; and it's said of one of them, that he carried away his own part, and his fellows too; therefore they called him Ben-Hamtsen, or the Son of violence, until the day of his death, &c. By the Kingdom of heaven is plainly meant the Inheritance of the Saints, and the means whereby to purchase it. The Gospel of the Kingdom, as it is therefore so called, Mat. 9. 35. Comp. with Luk. 16. 16. This Inheritance was bequeathed to, and equally divided betwixt the Jew and the Gentile, in a Christian way of Gavelkin. It was first offered to the Jew, to take his half, but (which the Jew refusing to do) the Apostles cast off the dust of their shoes, and turned to the Gentiles; and so the Gentiles like a good Ben-hamtsen, or Son of violence,, took his own share and the Jews too. Mr. Gregory' s Notes and Observ. p. 27, 28. See Dr. Hamm. Annot f.

Violent]

;;Such as be made to believe by the forcible working of the Spirit, causing them zealously to continue in the faith, Mat. 11. 12. Luk. 16. 16.

Violent]

One injurious unto others, from such the Lord delivers his servants, 2 Sam. 22. 49. and preserves them, Psal. 18. 49. & 140. 2, 5. The godly pray against them, Ib. 12. They shall be punished by God, Job 27. 13. Psal. 11. 5. They ought not to be envied, nor their ways followed, Prov. 3. 31. They are deceitful, and draw others into wickedness, Prov. 16. 29.

Violent man]

Psal. 18. 48. Heb. man of violence, marg. Psal. 86. 14. Heb. terrible, marg.

The violent take it by force, Mat. 11. 12. These words are restrictive and promissive. The violent, and only they, take it by force, as a Castle is taken by a storm. Leigh' s Annot.

Only they who with ardent 〈◊〉 , overcoming all that stands in their way, press into it, do, and shall attain possession thereof: The violent, or they that thrust on men, marg. as in storming a Town, one thrusts another to get before him into it; so the people were so encouraged by John' s preaching to come to Christ, that everyone was ambitious to come first. Aanot.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 notes a thing being taken by one that hath no legal acknowledged right in it. The Gospel being first by appointment preached to the Jews, the chief Cities thereof, 〈◊〉 , Bethsaida, and Capernaum; nay, Jerusalem itself were not so careful to look after it, especially the principal persons among them, Doctors, and High-Priests, &c. but continued to contradict and oppose it, and then the multitude and meaner sort of the Jews, the people, which (say the Doctors) know not the Law, and are accursed; and those that dwelt in Idumea, Tyre and Sidon (See chap. 12. 15. comp. with Mark 3. 8.) and of Galilce, so despised by the Pharisees, that they said proverbially, No good thing comes out from thence (and besides them the Publicans and Sinners ) they carry all away, and proportionably are called here 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 violent persons; and the Gospel, which pri marily, and (as it was by them conceived) legally belonged not to them (and therefore it's one of the Pharisees arguments against Christ's being the Messias, Have any of the Rulers or 〈◊〉 believed on him? but these people, &c. And another, that he eat with Publicans and Sinners ) is now wholly enclosed and engross'd by them. Dr. Hamm. Annot. s.

Violently]

By force, Gen. 21. 25. Levite. 6. 4. Job 20. 19. Lam. 2. 6. Headlong, Mat. 8. 32. Mar. 5. 13. Luk. 8. 33.

Viper]

;;A poisonful creature so called, which is brought forth very violently with the death of the Dam, by gnawing out her 〈◊〉 .

;;2. Cruel, unnatural, and ungrateful men, which wrong their Parents, Teachers, and Benefactors, &c. Mat. 3. 7 O generation of Vipers!

Viper]

A kind of 〈◊〉 very venomous, Act. 28. 3, 4. It killeth with the rongue, Job 20. 16.

It is put for that which is dangerous and deadly, Isa. 30. 6. & 59. 5. For wicked men, Mat. 3. 7. & 12. 34 & 23. 33.

Viper]

It conceiveth at the mouth, and the Ancients are all of opinion, that in the act of copulation the female biteth off the males head, which the young ones revenge at their birth, by breaking in sunder the belly of their Dam. But later Writers asfirm, that they conceive without the death of any of them, and that the female bringeth forth above twenty at one time. Mans fasting spittle is death unto them; so is Garleek, unless they eat Rue. Nor can it abide the Yew-tree, or Mustard-seed. They love no other creatures but their own kind. It's said that they have no ears, and that their passage for egestion exceedeth not the eye of a Needle. They are insatiable of Wine, which when they have drunk, they may be easily taken without harm. Being angry, they thrust forth their venom more fully, and thereby it worketh more deadly. Their biting is deadly, yet could the Lord preserve Paul therefrom, Act. 28. 3. They only amongst Serpents build in the earth, others do in hollow rocks or trees. The Scythians dip their Arrow heads with the venom hereof, mixed with man's blood, that they whom they wound may die. It's more to be feared, though it do but hiss, then the Lyon, though it roar. When it coupleth with the Lamprey, it layeth aside its poison, which afterward it gathereth up again. It's said to delight in Balsam, which yet is a remedy against poison. (Heretics and false Teachers abuse the Scriptures, but are soiled thereby.)

Though the Viper be so poisonous, yet it is used by Physicians as the choicest Antidote against poison.

Virgin]

;;One that keepeth herself chaste in a single life. 1 Cor. 7. 37. And hath so decreed in his heart that he will keep his Virgin. The High Priest must marry a Virgin only, Lev. 21. 14. One not defiled with either corporal or spiritual adultery, Rev. 14. 3, 4.

;;The reason why the High Priest might marry none but a Virgin, was to signify thereby, that the Church is to be presented to Christ, as a Virgin without spot, 2 Cor. 11. 2.

;;2. One who keeps himself to Christ, by pure belief, and uncorrupt doctrine; either person or particular Church. 2 Cor. 11. 2. To present you as a pure Virgin to Christ. Thus every godly person is a Virgin.

;;3. Sometime someone notable and singular woman unknown to a man, namely, Mary the Mother of Christ, promised in Paradise, prophesied of by Isaiah, chap. 7. 14. See Matth. 1. 22. & Luk. 1. 30, & 48. And sometime a young Woman touched by a Man, and yet reputed still a Virgin, and so by herself avouched impudently, Prov. 30. 19.

Virgin is put, 4. For a Widow who is a young woman, Joel 1. 8.

When young men are joined with it, it signifieth the inhabitants of a place, Isa. 23. 4. Zech. 9. 17.

5. It signifieth the professors of the Gospel in general, Mat. 25. 1, 7.

6. The whole City or Nation, 2 King. 19. 21. Isa. 37. 22. Jer. 14. 17. Amos 5. 2. especially such as flourish in wealth and honor, and that have not been subdued nor brought under by other people, Isa. 23. 12. & 47. 1. Jer. 46. 11.

7. The elect, who (Rev. 14. 14.) are said to follow the Lan b wheresoever he goeth, whereas the rest of the world follow the Beast. They follow the Lamb in two respects.

• 1 Of information, they know his voice, and will not follow a stranger, Joh. 10. 4, 5.
• 2. In respect of conforming themselves to his Will; if he forbid, they forbear; if he threaten, they tremble; if he go to the Mountain to teach, they go to hear him; if to the prison, or banishment, or to Mount Calvary to suffer, they go with him; they follow him in his Cross here, and shall follow him in glory hereafter.

Their duty is,

• 1. To praise God, Psal. 148. 12, 13, 14. especially for his singular blessings bestowed upon his people, Psal. 68. 25. Zech. 9. 17.
• 2. To care for the things of the Lord, that they may be holy both in body and spirit, 2 Cor. 7. 34. and to be pure, 2 Cor. 11. 2.
• 3. To resist the temptations of wicked men, 2 Sam. 13. 11, 12, 13. Gen. 39. 7, 8, 9.

Virginity]

Maydenhead; whereof certain tokens were to be produced unto the Elders in the case of Slander, Deut. 22. 15.

And bewail my virginity, Judge. 11. 37. Whereby I shall be deprived of posterity. Annot.

Virgins]

;;Such as are purged from the corruptions of the world, but chiefly from Idolatry, which is spiritual whoredom. Rev. 14. 4. For they be virgins.

Pure worshippers of God, and not having committed Idolatry, or declined to crooked paths, to be corrupted in mind by Antichrist or his instruments, but have stuck unto Christ in the simplicity of the Gospel of truth, in the general Apostafie. In this case the Church is a chaste Virgin to Christ, 2 Cor. 11. 2. and the whole company of the faithful are called Virgins, Psal. 45. 14. Bernard.

Free from all spot of Idolatry. For the reason of analogy doth altogether require, that these be called Virgins in the same sense, wherein the rest, the Kings and people, are said to play the 〈◊〉 with 〈◊〉 . Mede.

The Jesuits restrain this to 〈◊〉 chastity, and to such as lead their single life, (what a shame is it to hear the 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 speak of the praise of 〈◊〉 ?) but by Virgins, the unmarried only are not here to be understood. 〈◊〉 .

Virgins]

Therefore do the 〈◊〉 is love thee, Cant. 1. 3. These are the fellow-friends of the Spouse, Psal. 45. 15. by which are meant all such as are chosen and called of God and faithful, (whether whole Churches, as 2 Cor. 11. 2. or particular persons) who with chaste and pure minds serve the Lord only, and worship him in spirit and truth, and stand with Christ on the Mount Zion, having his Fathers name written in their forcheads, Rev. 14. 1, 4. Ainsworth.

Particular Churches which should be as Virgins, chaste and meek, and pure both in heart and conversation, 2 Cor. 11. 2. and who are called and chosen of God to be so, and who are washed and cleansed by the blood of Christ from every spot and impurity. Annot.

The Virgins in this song are such as Christ hath not yet 〈◊〉 unto himself, nor spoken for in way of marriage; such as carnal Jews, or the Gentiles. 〈◊〉 .

As a sober Virgin abstaineth from all such things that might be offensive to her Beloved, so is it our duty (neither it we be of Christ can we be herein careless) to eschew all such misdemeanors as might bring a grievance to the Spirit of Jesus. Clapham.

Faithful souls which within the Church are by Baptism regenerated, 1 Pet. 2. 2. or such as by repentance as by a certain second Baptism are 〈◊〉 and washed from their old sins. There's also in this name of Virgins insinuated, the incorruptions and purity of holy souls, which are not addicted to other loves, but love Christ only as their Spouse, with pure mind and devotion. Or, because of the savor of thy good ointments, even they who by reason of their tender age, are more laseivious and wanton, and more addicted to the world and the vanities thereof, and not expert in spiritual things, are drawn to love thee. Titleman.

These words make nothing for the Virginity of the body 〈◊〉 to marriage, 〈◊〉 are to be understood of spiritual 〈◊〉 and chastity, which are contrary unto all impure affections and actions of the flesh, or old man. 〈◊〉 .

The 〈◊〉 whom the Scripture calleth 〈◊〉 and adulteresses, Jam. 4. 4. because they do by giving their heart to the world, even to unclean lusts of the flesh, 〈◊〉 spiritual 〈◊〉 against God, are drowned and 〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉 of filthy uncleanness, and cannot smell the sweet ointments of Christ, and therefore they do not, nor cannot love him. 〈◊〉 .

Mr. 〈◊〉 understandeth hereby such as stood firm for David 〈◊〉 all his troubles.

Virgins without number]

Cant. 6. 8. Damsels or maids waiting upon a Queen, or Concubine to a King, as in Psal. 45. 15. 〈◊〉 . 2. 9. without number, or 〈◊〉 , as some, as the phrase is used, Job 21. 33. or as others, of no number; that is, inconsiderable, and not to be esteemed. Annot.

Nullius 〈◊〉 , of no reckoning. Cotton. Which may very well be, if compared to the Dove, the true Church, who is but one, yet a choice one, the only one of her mother, as it is in the following verse.

Visage]

The Countenance.

It is spoken of Christ in his sufferings, Isa. 52. 14.

2. Of the Church in her suffering, Lam. 4. 8.

3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in his anger, Dan. 3. 9. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 .

〈◊〉 ]

〈◊〉 all the visible creatures, Col. 1. 16.

〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 concerning the visibility or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Church, consider these following 〈◊〉 .

A thing is visible either with the eyes of the mind, or of the body.

Visible with the eyes of the mind, is either 〈◊〉 visible, (as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not 〈◊〉 there are elect vessels of mercy in the world, though we know not certainly in particular who they are) or distinctly, as we not only know that there is a God, but we know distinctly who this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is.

Visible by the eyes of the body, is either immediately, and of itself visible; as color, figure, and light, though in a divers respect: or then by accident; thus we see a man, for we see him not as he is a man, though none in his right wits will deny he sees a man: this comes to pass when we see with the eyes of the body such marks of things, as from thence the mind conceives another thing: or when the marks 〈◊〉 such things which the mind only conceives, incur into the senses, then are we said to see that outwardly which the mind only takes up of itself; and because the lineaments of a man's body, agree to no other creature, and these lineaments are discerned by the eye, Man also is said to be seen with the eyes of the body; but because these marks are of two sorts, for they are either such as cannot be separate from the thing whereof they are marks, or such as can be separate, either seldom, or for the most part. Hence this visibility 〈◊〉 not always a like certain knowledge; for if the marks be such as cannot be separate from the thing we see, then the knowledge is most certain; if they may only be seldom separated, then the knowledge is less certain, but if they may be separate for the most part, the knowledge is very uncertain.

These things being thus premised,

First it is not to be denied, but the Church is visible by the eyes of the mind: and if at any time it be not all visible, (as in Elias time) it comes to pass from the weakness of faith, yet Elias doubted not but God had his Church in heaven; therefore it is to be granted, yea affirmed, that the Universal Church, both that which is in heaven, and that which is in earth, is visible by the eyes of the mind; but what is this way visible, is not incontinently distinctly so; as for example, we know that in every Nation there be men of a meek and quiet spirit, as in France or Germany, yet it may fall out, that we know not distinctly and in particular, what men in these Countries are so, this way. It is not to be denied, but many members of the Church are distinctly visible to the eye of the mind; as those unto whom God gives testimony in Scripture, Abraham, Job, David, and others: Therefore the Church this way in the whole will be confusedly visible; and in respect of certain members, distinctly visible, but with the eyes of the mind, not of the body; therefore we are said to believe the Catholic Church, but not to see it; for the Catholic Church is the Communion of Saints, which cannot be discerned with bodily eyes: This 〈◊〉 is in two things, either with the head, 1 Joh. 1. (if we say we have fellowship with him, to wit, with Christ, and the Father through him, and so with the holy Ghost; for the Apostle Paul makes mention also of that communion ) or among ourselves, (as it is in the same chap.) that is, 〈◊〉 which being invisible to the eyes 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 , is yet 〈◊〉 to the eyes of the mind; for neither length 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , nor distance of place, can interrupt this 〈◊〉 .

As to that visibility which ariseth from the marks that 〈◊〉 into the 〈◊〉 , the case is otherwise; for it is to be granted that the Church is visible, yet not simply, but only in some 〈◊〉 , in some manner, at some time, and to some persons only; therefore it is not to be denied,

1. But the Church in some respect is visible, with the eyes of the body; as if we understand that part which is militant in 〈◊〉 , and so understand it to be visible not in the whole, but in the particular Churches, or particular members of the particular 〈◊〉 .

2 It is also in some manner visible with the eyes of the body (by the eyes of the body. is to be understood, every sense whereby the marks of the Church may be perceived ) but it is to be denied that any part of the Church is visible of itself, only it is so by accident, because those things that incur into the senses, are not of that nature, as to be necessarily of the essence of the Church, or necessarily to flow 〈◊〉 the essence of it.

Again, it is to be denied that the Church can be distinctly seen with the eyes of the body, but to be granted that it may be seen confusedly; i. e. those things are outwardly 〈◊〉 , whereby we may gather that God hath a Church in this or that place; but those things are not seen, whereby we may gather this or that man to be a true member of the Church; the reason is, because all the outward marks of the Church, are common to the godly and hypocrites.

Moreover it is to be denied that it can be distinctly and certainly known, which is the true Church, and the true members thereof; but yet it is to be granted that it may be distinctly and probably known; this knowledge commonly is called the judgment of charity; for when marks are obvious to the eye, whereby we may probably gather that this or that man belongeth to the Church, that such and such are the 〈◊〉 (or faithful) Pastors of the Church; here is distinct knowledge; for so we not only know that there are true members, and true Pastors, but also we know this or that man for such; but this is opinion rather then certain knowledge. Hence the more illustrious, or obscure the notes of a true Pastor, or 〈◊〉 of a true Church be, the more certain or uncertain, is the judgment of charity.

Hitherto is to be referred that distinction of the Church, in visible and invisible, which tendeth not to this (as Bellarmine calumniates, lib. 3. cap. 2. of The Militant Church ) to make two Churches, the one visible, the other invisible, (which were very absurd, seeing the parts of the Division are oftentimes coincident; for the same Church which in 〈◊〉 respect is visible, in another respect is 〈◊〉 ) but this distinction is only of the name, not of the thing; i. e. sometimes the Church takes the denomination from those things which are invisible, and which constitute the essence thereof, and so it is called in visible; sometimes it takes the denomination from external things, which are obvious to the senses, and then it is called visible: and because these external things are common to hypocrites, hence it is that the name of the Church is ascribed unto hypocrites, to wit, in so far only as the Church hath her denomination from external things.

3. It is not to be denied but sometimes the Church is visi ble with the eyes of the body, yea and that almost all ways, to wit, confusedly, not distinctly, or distinctly in certain members; but yet that visibility begers not an infallible and certain knowledge; yea, it is not to be denied but that she is almost always visible this way; the reason is, because God ever hath a Church upon earth, for Christ cannot be a head, if he have not a body, yea and a part of this body upon earth, which continueth only that the Church may continue; and seeing the Church is both begotten and nourished by the Word, it is necessary that the Word be in the Church, which cannot be, except it be preached; and that cannot be, but that there must also be something incurring in the senses, therefore almost ever the Church is visible; we add almost, because God can by the instinct of his Spirit, without the Word, teach his people; but this is extraordinary; and men may also at home privately read the Scripture, in time of great persecution, but this also is extraordinary and rare. Yet it is to be observed that this visibility is not always alike clear, but even as the Word is more or less clearly and purely preached; so is the visibility of the Church more or 〈◊〉 clear.

Lastly, the Church is visible unto some persons, 〈◊〉 it is not necessary that it be visible to all and everyone; so Elias thought himself only left, yet it may be that the rest of the faithful who bowed not to Baal, held communion 〈◊〉 themselves, and were known to one another. This (to speak so) invisibility of the Church, in regard whereof the members are not known to some, 〈◊〉 from 〈◊〉 , a general depravation of the truth, and idolatry; 〈◊〉 it cometh to pass that the true worship of God is not retained, so much as in outward 〈◊〉 .

This then is the state of the Question:

Whether or no the Church militant upon earth, if not in the whole, yet in its parts, be visible of itself, and primarily, distinctly, and always, and certainly, and to some. The Papists affirm it. We deny it. Cameron of the Visibility of the Church.

Vision]

;;An 〈◊〉 action of God, manifesting himself and his Will to his Prophets to be seen and thoroughly known of them. Numb. 12. 6. If there be a Prophet of the Lord among you, I will be known to him in vision, &c. Visions and Dreams signifies all kind of Prophesy, Dan. 1. 17.

;;2. An ordinary action of the Prophets and Ministers, declaring the mind of God to the people, that they may see and know it. Prov. 29. 18. When vision faileth, the people perish.

;;A Doctrine revealed from God immediately, sometime by signs and sights, as to Daniel and Ezekiel; and sometime by word, without visible representations, as to Abraham, Gen. 15. 1. To Isaiah, ch. 2. 1. It is therefore called a vision, because God revealed things to his Prophets so evidently, and delivered them with such certainty, as though they had presently seen before their eyes the things which they 〈◊〉 . Hence Prophets which had such visions and clear revelations be called Secrs, as 1 Sam. 9. 9. For the meaning of this word Vision, see further in Numb. 24. 24.

Vision]

The visions whereby God of old appeared to men, in respect of the end thereof, are 〈◊〉 .

• 1. Whereby God appeared unto men in their sleep, that he might inform them of his Will, or of things 〈◊〉 , or to come, Job 7. 14.
• 2. Whereby he appeared unto men awake; and so it is one of the ways whereby God was wont to manifest himself unto men, aflecting their mind with certain external objects, and sensible 〈◊〉 and apparitions; in this respect God manifested himself to his Prophets both in the Old Testament, and in the New.

1. In the Old Testament to his Prophets, Gen. 15. 1. & 46. 2. Exod. 3. 2, 3. Act. 7. 30, 31. 1 Sam. 3. 15. Psal. 89. 20. 2 Sam. 7 7. Isa. 6. 1. Jer. 24. 1, 2, 3. Ezek. 1. 1, 4. Dan. 2. 19. Amos 7. 1, 4, 7. Zech. 3. 1. Hence they were called Secrs.

Note, that this 〈◊〉 Vision did not always arise from an external cause, and 〈◊〉 the servants 〈◊〉 the Lord see in the night as well as in the day, so that they only see the thing that is seen. Act. 23. 11. The Lord 〈◊〉 by Paul, encouraging him; the Vision was not 〈◊〉 an external shape, and therefore 〈◊〉 notes it expressly, that it 〈◊〉 out in the night; not that God left heaven to manifest himself to Paul upon earth; but to signify, that Paul in the night was so affected, as if he did see God present before him.

So Act. 7. 〈◊〉 saw the glory of God, and Christ standing at his right hand, verse. 55 56. doubtless Steven in the mean time was in the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he beheld this spectacle, and therefore he could not see the heaven opened, (for he saw not the heaven) nor 〈◊〉 Christ appear to the eyes of his body.

So Elisha (2 King. 6. 17.) saw companies of horses and chariots of fire, which his servant did not see (but upon the prayer of 〈◊〉 : ) which could not be, if that vision had been from an external shape. 〈◊〉 upon Revel. 18. 4.

The false Prophets also did boast of these Visions, so that vision by way of concession is attributed unto them, Zech. 13. 4. which notwithstanding are called but visions of falsehood, Jer. 14. 14. of vanity, Ezek. 12. 24. & 13. 6, 7. the vision of their own 〈◊〉 , devised by their own brains, Jerem. 23. 16. therefore they are 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 their own spirits, when they have seen nothing, Ezek. 13. 3.

These Visions were also 〈◊〉 to other persons then Prophets; as to 〈◊〉 , Gen. 16. 13. 〈◊〉 , Job 4. 13. 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 . 2. 28. & 4. 5.

2. In the New 〈◊〉 , in the beginning of the Gospel such Visions were 〈◊〉 , Act. 9. 3. & 22. 6. & 10. 3. 11, 12, 19. & 11. 5, 6. 2 Cor. 12. 1. Rev. 1. 12. & 4. 2. & 5. 1.

These Visions have their denomination sometimes from God, the author of them, 2 Sam. 7. 17. 1 Chr. 17. 15. Lam. 2. 9. and are called, the 〈◊〉 of God, 2 Chr. 26. 5. Ezek. 1. 1. & 8. 3. of the Almighty, Numb. 24. 4, 16. of the Lord, 2 Cor. 12. 1.

Sometimes in respect of the 〈◊〉 , they take their denomination from him by whom they are seen, Dan. 7. 2.

It is sometime put for a 〈◊〉 revelation of the Gospel, 〈◊〉 2. 28. Sometimes for a 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 apparition, Job 20. 8. whereunto vain hope is compared, Isa. 29. 7. Sometime for a spectacle, or the thing 〈◊〉 , Heb. 12. 21. Mat. 17. 3.

I saw in the Vision, Rev. 9. 17. Before, he was said to be in the Spirit, Chap. 1. 10. & 4. 2. now, 〈◊〉 seeth these in a vision. The former setteth forth his preparation; the latter, the manner of the revelation. His eyes were first taken off from gazing on worldly things, and then 〈◊〉 on these heavenly apparitions. Annot.

Vision]

In the visions of God, 2 Chron. 26. 5. Heb. in the seeing of God, marg. There were four several ways of Revelations among the Jews.

• 1. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , the holy Spirit.
• 2. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , the daughter of voice, or a voice from 〈◊〉 , brought by an Angel, by which anything was made known to 〈◊〉 .
• 3 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , 〈◊〉 and Thummim, under the 〈◊〉 Temple. the 〈◊〉 stones in the Pectoral of the High priest (which was called Hoschen 〈◊〉 ) the irradiation of which foretold many 〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉 . This is by Josephus 〈◊〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , the 〈◊〉 , which (saith he) ceased to shine 200 years before he 〈◊〉 .
• 4. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , prophecy, which under the second Temple, after the 〈◊〉 of Haggai, 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 , was taken away. This was of two sorts, either in time of sleep by way of dream; or when they were waking, by casting them into a 〈◊〉 or ecstacy. where by way of vision, they saw somebody saying this or that unto them; or else seeing no shape, only heard a voice. Both 〈◊〉 sorts of Prophesy we have mentioned together, Joel 2. 28. Dreaming of dreams, and Seeing of 〈◊〉 . Many examples of the vision or 〈◊〉 we have here in this Book, Act. 9. 10, 12. & 10. 3, 10. & 16. 9. & 27. 23. See chap. 23. 11. Dr. Hamm. on Act. 23. 9. Annot. a.

To visit]

;;To perform some promised good thing. Gen 21. 1. God visited Sarah. Luk. 1. 68. Hath visited his peo ple, &c. that is, sent the Redeemer promised, Jer. 29. 10. Gen. 50. 24.

;; 〈◊〉 . This word Visit, signifies remembrance, providence, care, and performance of that which was spoken, be it good, as Gen. 50. 24. Exod. 3. 16. or evil, and so it meaneth punishment, Numb. 16. 29. Psal. 89. 33.

;;2. To fulfil some threatened 〈◊〉 , Exod. 20. 5. I will visit the 〈◊〉 of the Fathers upon the children. God's visiting us, is either by 〈◊〉 or judgments, Isa. 26. 14. & 10. 3. Visitation for desolation.

;;3. To look into, and view thoroughly the estate of the flock, and charges under us, Act. 7. 13. Thus the Apostles visited Churches.

4. To pray unto God, Isa. 26. 16. so expounded in the ;;same verse.

Visit]

Properly, is often to see one, by going to, or meeting with him, in testimony of love, honor or care, 1 Sam. 15. 35. Gen. 37. 14. Exod. 2. 11. & 4. 18. Act. 7. 23. Judge. 15. 1.

Improperly, it is taken,

• I. In good part.
• • 1. In respect of men, where it signifieth, To be careful of, to relieve and help them we visit, Jam. 1. 27.

  • 2. It is taken for that visitation whereby men visit God; which is, To remember God, to implore his help, and to turn us unto him, Isa. 26. 16. To be careful to frequent the 〈◊〉 of his servants, Psal. 27. 4.

    Or in respect of God, who visits in mercy, when he doth good, in bestowing his blessings temporal or spiritual, Gen. 21. 1. 1 Sam. 2. 21. Psal. 65. 10. Psal. 106. 4. Luk. 1 68, 78 & 19. 44. 1 Pet. 2, 12 or delivering his servants from their miseries, Gen. 50. 24. 25. Exod. 3. 16. & 4. 31. Psal. 80. 14, 15.

• II. It is taken in 〈◊〉 part.

God is said to visit in his wrath, when he poureth down his judgments upon the wicked, Gen. 28. 21. Exod. 20. 5. This is expressed in Scripture by God's 〈◊〉 sin, Jer. 14. 10. To punish it, Isa. 10. 12. Hos. 12. 2. Jer. 44. 13. To take vengeance for the same, Jer. 5 9, 29. & 9. 9. & 23. 16. To swallow up alive, Numb. 16. 29. This is called, The day of calamity, Jer. 46 21. The year of visitation, Jer. 11. 23. & 23. 12. Hos. 9. 7. The time of visitation, Jer. 6. 15. & 8. 12. & 10. 15. In which sense not to be visited with any evil, is not to be afflicted, but to lead a quiet and happy life, Prov. 19. 23.

〈◊〉 ]

Take away life, Jer. 32. 5. Do judgment, Jer. 51. 47. Comp. the text with the marg. Avenge, Hos. 1. 4. See marg.

To visit fatherless and widows]

;;To exercise all works of mercy, noted by this here named, because therein shineth free charity; for who will look for recompense from such 〈◊〉 miserable people? Jam. 1. 27. A Synecdoche.

To visit Sarah]

;;To give her strength ro conceive and bring forth, being barren and old, according to God's promise contrary to the order of nature, Gen. 21. 7. To visit, is taken in good part, as here, and Exod. 4. 31. & Gen. 50. 25.

Vials golden]

;;The hearts of the faithful, filled by the Spirit with fervent prayers, which are pleasing to God through Christ (as 〈◊〉 odors be to our sense) Rev. 5. 8. They had golden vials, full of sweet 〈◊〉 , which are the prayers 〈◊〉 the Saints. These words teach how precious vessels the hearts of 〈◊〉 believers are, and how sweet the prayers be, which come from them, by allusion to the manner of the Temple at Jerusalem. Zac. 14. 20. Psal. 141. 2.

;;2. The holy minds, not of all the faithful, but of the true Servants and Ministers of Christ, filled, not with fervent pure prayers only, but with the severe judgments of God, which they are ready to denounce by threatening with integrity against and upon the Kingdom of Antichrist, and Popish worshippers: and because God is pure and holy, even in his judgments threatened and executed on the wicked, therefore those Vials are said to be of gold; and because God will be thoroughly avenged on his enemies, therefore the Vials are said to be full of wrath, which being the wrath of him who liveth forever, amplifieth the grievousness of it. Rev. 15. 7. Seven golden vials, full of the wrath of God, which liveth for evermore. If the seven Angels spoken of in the former part of this ver. be properly taken, not for the Ministers of the Word, but for celestial Spirits, yet the matter is all one, that God is decreed to execute his vengeance silently and fully, as one would pour water out of Vials. Note, that the first events of God's judgments in this Book, were called Seals, because they were for confirmation of the future: then trumpets succeeded, to show that the judgments following were not only denounced with great noise, but 〈◊〉 executed. Thirdly, Vials, which being capacious vessels of divine judgments, did serve as fit instruments to consummate the destruction of Antichristian enemies, on whom they should suddenly, rashly, and insensibly fall, to their utter 〈◊〉 . Rev. 16. 1. also 21. 9. A Vial is a vessel greater then a Cup, and containeth so much liquor as a man can at a draught drink in.

Visitation]

For this there's a Day, Isa. 10. 3. Days, Hos. 9. 7. Time, Luk. 19. 44. Year, Jer. 11. 23. & 48. 44.

In the day of visitation, 1 Pet 2. 12. This word Visitation is in Scripture attributed both to Men and to God.

To Men; as,

• 1. To shepherds, who when they did specially survey their flock with intent to redress what was amiss, were said to visit them, Jer. 23. 2.
• 2. To 〈◊〉 men as had the gathering of tribute; when they came to exact their tribute, to the great vexation of the people, they were said to visit them. So the word rendered exactors, 〈◊〉 . 60. 17. in the Original is visitors, or visitations.
• 3. To visit was a term given to the Bishops and Apostles in the primitive Church, that went about through the Churches to take notice of the estate of the Churches, and to reform what was amiss, Act. 15. 36.
• 4. To 〈◊〉 is reckoned amongst the works of courtesy and mercy, Jam. 1. 27. The Heb. word in the Old Testament signifies often to muster or number up he people, as 1 Chr. 21. 6. But in this place Visitation is not referred to men.

To God, who is said to visit, not only men, but other creatures; as the earth, when he makes it in an especial manner fruitful, Psal 65. 9. Images, by breaking them to pieces, and confounding them (Amos 3. 14.) The vessels of the Temple, by causing them to be brought again into the Temple, Jer. 27. 22. Leviathan the devil, by restraining his power, and disappointing his malice, Isa. 27. 1. But most usually, God's visitation is spoken of in Scripture, as it concerneth men; and so God holdeth two sorts of visitations. The one is the visitation of all men, which concerns either life or death. Life, in that he doth by his daily providence give and preserve life till the appointed time, Job 10. 12. Death, when he causeth men to die, at the time thereunto appointed, Numb. 16. 29. The other of some men in special, when in a special providence he takes notice of certain men, and comes amongst them to work the redress of sin, and that is here meant. This visitation must be considered according to the kinds of it, being either in justice (for though God may spare wicked men long, and seem to wink at their faults, yet he will find a day to visit them for their sins, Isa. 10. 3. Jer. 50. 27.) or in mercy, and that both in temporal things (as in the case of blessing, or 〈◊〉 the case of afflictions ) and in spiritual things, revealing his marvelous and everlasting mercies to his elect; he visited his people when he sent his Son to redeem them, Luk. 1. 68, 78. & 7. 16. Thus he visited the world, when he sent his Apostles unto all Nations preaching the Gospel. If we respect whole Congregations, the day of visitation is, when God sends them the powerful preaching of the Gospel, and doth thereby muster and press a people to himself; if we respect particular persons, it is the day when God effectually calls them, and converts them. Byfield on Pet. p. 412, 413, 414, &c. The day of vengeance, desolation and destruction, which was to come on the unquiet, turbulent, and seditious Jews, by the Roman Armies. The Syriac here read, in the day of temptation, i. e. of affliction, coming on the Nation, the falling of which upon the obdurate unbelieving Jews, and the escaping of the Christians (as most remarkably they did by Gallus' s raising the siege, and the Christians going out, and flying to Pella ) could not but be taken notice of by the Heathens, and so be means of their acknowledging of God's good providence and mercy toward the Christians, and glorifying God for this work of his. Dr. Hamm. on 1 Pet. 2. 12. Annot. g.

Vlai]

A River (Dan. 8. 2. 16.) in Persia.

Vlam]

A porch, gallery, strength, or foolishness of them. Men's names. The Father of Bedan, 1 Chr. 7. 17. The Son of Eshek, Ibid. 8. 39.

〈◊〉 ]

Lifting up, a sacrifice killed on the Altar, an insant, a little one, or a leaf. 1 Chr. 7. 39. The Father of Urah.

Vmmah]

Darkened, covered, his people, or with him. A City, Josh. 29. 30.

Vmpire]

A Days-man, Job 9. 33. marg.

Vnable]

Weak, without strength of body or mind, Exod. 18. 18. 2 Cor. 3. 5.

There are 7 degrees to be considered for the effecting of anything for the which we are by nature unable, the highest degree is the accomplishing of it: our inability to this is expressed, Rom. 7. 8. Phil. 2. 13. This we find true by experience in evil things; as in Joseph' s Brethren, who purposed to hurt him, but were not able to accomplish their purpose, for God turned their wicked purposes to good, Gen. 50. 20. So in Paul going to Damascus to persecute the Church, Act. 9. 9. Thus the wise man showeth, Eccl. 9. 13.

2. We are no more able to do then we are to effect, Joh. 15. 4, 5. Jer. 10. 23. If man be not able to order his steps, he will be much less able to hold out to the end; therefore God must order and direct them, Prov. 16. 9. Thus Paul professeth, Rom. 7. 17. God must work our works in us. Isa. 26. 12.

3. We are unable to begin to practice that which is good, though we have purposed the same in our hearts, Isa. 37. 3. The children are come to the birth, and there is no strength to deliver. So Phil. 1. 6.

4. We are unable to speak that which is good, Prov. 16. 1. And 〈◊〉 tells, that often, though we be prepared by study and meditation to pray or preach, yet we are not able to deliver the same words so prepared.

5. We are unable to will, Phil. 2. 14.

6. To understand, 1 Cor. 2. 13. Rom. 8. 7.

7. We are unable to think well, 2 Cor. 5. 3. sor our thoughts are evil continually, Gen. 6. 8. and vain, Psal. 94. 1 Cor. 3. 19, 20.

Vnaccustomed]

Not used, or tried, 1 Sam. 17. 39. Not tamed, Jer. 31. 18.

Vnadvisedly]

Rashly, foolishly, Psal. 106. 33. It is dangerous, Eccl. 10. 8, 9, 10, 11. Example in Uzzah, 2 Sam. 6. 7. Rehoboam, 1 King. 12. 8.

Vnawares]

Privately, Gen. 31. 20. Ignorantly, Numb. 35. 11. Deut. 4. 42. Josh. 20. 3. Suddenly, unexpectedly, Luk. 21. 34. Not perceived, Gal. 2. 4. Jude v. 4.

Vnawares]

Numb. 35. 11. Heb. by error, marg.

At unawares, Psal. 35. 8. Heb. which he knoweth not of, marg.

Vnbeliever, or Infidel]

;;An unconverted idolatrous 〈◊〉 . 2 Cor. 6. 14. Be not unequally yoked with the Infidels.

;;2. A Christian whose heart is hardened by unbelief. 2 Cor. 4. 4. Blinded the minds of Infidels.

Unbelievers]

Luk. 12. 46. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , 〈◊〉 , void of faith.

Vnbelieving]

;;Such persons as will not embrace the doctrine of Christ, but openly refuse it. Rev. 21. 8. Fearfull, unbelieving.

Such that for all this, did not expect the promised felicity of the Church, when they faw God's Army, but despaired of victory. Annot.

Such as give not credit to the word of God. Leighs Annot.

Vnbelief]

;;A privation and utter want of faith, when Cods promises are wholly distrusted. Heb. 3. 12. An heart of unbelief. This is total unbelief, the next is partial, or but in part.

;;2. Infirmity and weakness of faith. Mark 9. 24. Lord help my unbelief.

;;3. Perfidiousness and rebellion against God. Rom. 3. 3. Shall their unbelies make the faith of God of none 〈◊〉 ? Also estate of 〈◊〉 , 1 Tim. 1. 13.

Unbelief is,

• 1. Negative, when one hath not heard the Gospel, and therefore believeth not: Thus one may want the saving habit of faith, and yet be free from the deadly habit of incredulity. It is both a sin, and a punishment of sin, and excludes from the Kingdom of heaven; for not to have heard of Christ is not sufficient to excuse unbelief, seeing often it is through men's own fault, God justly punishing their sin, by denying them the preaching of the Gospel: ignorance therefore excuses not them who are capable of faith, seeing ignorance in Adam (in whom all have sinned) was voluntary, and all ought to know and believe.
• 2. Positive, is when one having the Word of God, and Gospel of Christ preached, yet believes not, at least with confidence, and therefore he is guilty both of the want of faith, and habit of unbelief.

It is either universal or particular.

Universal, is when one rejects the whole Word of God, as Epicures, who account it a fable.

Particular, is when one believes not certain heads of faith, as that Christ is now bodily in the heavens, &c.

The fruits of unbelief are,

• 1. It makes men obstinate and hard-hearted, so that they will not easily leave their opinions, and thinks everything impossible and absurd that is repugnant to them, Mat. 28. 17. Some even when they see Christ after his resurrection, yet doubt of the same, and will not believe, as Thomas, Joh. 20.
• 2. It so excludes Christ, that his benefits can take no place, as Christ could not do miracles in his own Country, because of their unbelief, Mat. 13. 58. Mar. 6. 6.
• 3. Often it breeds confusion, and disableth men to do that which otherwise they would have been able, if they had believed, Mat. 17. 16. Mar. 9. 18.
• 4. It hath often corporal punishment attending it, Luk. 1. 20. & 19. 44.
• 5. It deprives of the promises of God, making them of none effect. Psal. 45. 11. as, The Israelites perished in the wilderness, and did not enter into the Land of promise, because of their unbelief. Heb. 3. 19.
• 6. It brings on and aggravates the judgments of God, Job 16. 8, 9.
• 7. It cut off the Jews from the Covenant of God, and from being the people of God, Rom. 11. 20.
• 8. Because of 〈◊〉 , the wrath of God is daily declared against, and cometh upon the children of disobedience, Col. 3. 6.
• 9. They have their part in the Lake that burns with fire and brimstone, Rev. 21. 8.

Unbelief is said, not to make the promise of God of none effect, Rom. 3. 3, 4. Not that such shall enjoy the promises of God, notwithstanding of their wickedness; but the Apostles drift is to keep the Gentiles humble, showing that the Gentiles may with better reason be cast off, then the Jews were, for the Jews had the Promises, and the Testament, and the Fathers, and Christ according to the flesh; yet when they believed not, he cast them off, and gathered a Church to himself out of the Gentiles, whom he graffed into the true Olive, having cut off the natural branches; and therefore he may much more cut off the 〈◊〉 , and resume the Jews, if the Gentiles continue in unbelief.

Vnbelief]

;;An utter absence and want of lively faith, Heb. 3. 19. Take heed lest there be in any 〈◊〉 you an evil heart of unbelief, in departing from the living God. Heb. 3. 12. He shows five degrees of Apostasy.

• The 1. is consenting unto sin, being deceived with the temptation of it.
• The 2. hardness of heart upon many practices of sin.
• The 3. the heart being hardened becomes unbelieving, and calls the truth of the Gospel into question.
• The 4. by unbelief it becomes evil, having a base conceit of the Gospel.
• The 5. this evil heart brings a man to apostasy, and falling from God, which is the extinguishing of the light of the Gospel.

This evil heart is a great evil.

• 1. From the Nature of it. It is an inward evil, 〈◊〉 on the principal part of man, the soul; is an inveterate evil, which we brought with us into the world; and an insensible evil.
• 2. In the effects. It indisposeth us to all good: is the root of other evils, Mat. 15. 19. and maketh a man unfit to live or die. Leighs Annot.

Infidelity is the original and fountain of all disobedience. Annot.

Our other backslidings and variations from God, 〈◊〉 wide and distant so ever, yet may be thought to be but like those of the Compass, more or less according to a less 〈◊〉 greater interposition of earthly mindedness, but this is like to that of the Magnet itself, which while it lieth couched in the Mineral, and united to the Rock, it conformeth to the nature and verticity of the earth, but separate it from thence, and give it free scope to move in the air, and it will despe rately forsake its former and more public instinct, and turn to a quite contrary point. So as long as a man is fastened to the rock Christ, and keepeth but any hold there, he will still be looking less or more towards the Author and finisher of his faith, but broken off once from thence, and beginning to be in the open air, and under the Prince of that, he presently turneth aside from the living God, and pointeth to a pole of his own Gregory's Notes, p. 163.

Vnbelief]

Heb. 4. 11. or disobedience, marg.

Vnblameable, or without blame and reproof, or unrebukable]

;;An upright person, whose life cannot be noted and charged with any reigning sin, after his calling. Luk 1. 6. Both were just before God and unblamable, or without reproof. Such are the Saints in this life, by inherent righteousness, Eph. 1. 4.

;;2. A person that cannot be charged with ought that is amiss in him, being void of all faults. Eph. 5. 27. A glorious Church, not having spot or wrinkle: but that it should be holy and unblameable. Such the Saints are now, by imputed righteousness, and such they shall be in heaven, by proper and personal holiness.

Vnblameably]

Without complaint, ( 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ) having so ordered our lives, that no man may justly complain on us, blameless, 1 Thess. 2. 10.

Vncertain]

is,

• 1. Doubtful, Joh. 13. 22.
• 2. It signifieth indistinct, which cannot be known, 1 Cor. 14. 8.
• 3. Unstable, changeable; thus riches are uncertain, 1 Tim. 6. 17.

Vntertain riches]

1 Tim. 6. 17. Gr. uncertainty of riches, marg.

Vncertainly]

Doubtfully, waveringly, unknowingly, 1 Cor. 9. 26.

Unchangeable]

1. God is of himself, and essentially unchangeable, Psal. 92. 9. & 102. 13, 25, 27, 28. Lam. 5. 19. In respect of his counsel, Heb. 6. 17. Psal. 33. 11. Isa. 46. 9. In 〈◊〉 of his Word, Numb. 23. 19. and that both in regard of his promises, Psal. 89. 35. his oath, Heb. 16. 8. and his threatenings.

The new heaven and new earth shall be unchangeable, so also our bodies after the resurrection, being made conformable to the body of Christ, Phil. 3. 21. But this is by the free gift of God.

Unchangeable]

Heb. 7. 24. or, which passeth not 〈◊〉 one to another, 〈◊〉 .

Unchangeable 〈◊〉 ]

Heb. 7. 24. Or, which passeth not from another. Annot.

Such a Priesthood which cannot pass from him to any other, as the Priesthood of Aaron did. Leighs Annot.

〈◊〉 ]

;;Persons in whom the whole corruption of man's nature is unreformed, but powerfully breaketh out in thoughts, words, looks, deeds, and senses. Act. 7. 51. Ye stiff-necked, and of uncircumcised hearts and ears. These Jews were circumcised outwardly, yet because their hearts were not renewed, they were inwardly uncircumcised.

;;2. Gentiles which had not the forskin of their flesh cut off. Eph. 2. 11. Ye being in times past Gentiles in the flesh, called uncircumcision. 1 Sam. 17. 26. Who is this uncircumcised Philistine? This is the proper signification of the word 〈◊〉 .

Vncircumcised]

1. Corporally, as whose foreskin of their flesh was not cut away; being either within the Church, so by God's dispensation, as Joh. 5. 2, 4, 7. or so of careless neglect and contempt, whereby the Lord was provoked to wrath, Exod. 4. 24. and such were not to eat the Passover, Exod. 12. 48. or without the Church, as the Philistines, 1 Sam. 14. 6. and all other Nations, except Abraham' s posterity, Jerem. 9. 26. called unclean, Isa. 52. 1. and strangers, Ezek. 44. 7. Of whom some were uncircumcised in 〈◊〉 and flesh, Ibid. of whom, Eph. 2. 12. & 4. 17, 18. Others uncircumcised in the flesh, but not in the heart, Rom. 4. 11, 12. specially after Christ's coming, being 〈◊〉 from Circumcision, 1 Cor. 7. 18.

2. Spiritually, in Heart, Act. 7. 51. in Ear, Jer. 6. 10. in 〈◊〉 , Exod. 6. 12, 30. Though they were circumcised in the flesh. Bernard.

Vncircumcised lips]

signifieth, Polluted lips, as he that was not circumcised was accounted unclean, Isa. 6. 5.

Some expound it stuttering, that is, not eloquent or ready 〈◊〉 speech; they that are thus, pronounce many 〈◊〉 syllables, which like a foreskin ought to be cut off, that the speech may be pure and neat.

It is referred to the fruit of the earth, which was to be accounted unclean the first three years, and not to be eaten, Lev. 19. 23.

Uncircumcision]

;;The Gentiles, even all people which were not Jews, Rom. 3. 30. And circumcision through faith. Eph. 2. 11. That is, a profane people without God, stangers from the Covenant of salvation.

;;2. The skin of the secret parts, with the estate and condition of uncircumcised men. Rom. 2. 25. Thy circumcision is made uncircumcision.

Uncle]

Ones Fathers or Mothers Brother, Lev. 10. 4. 1 Sam. 10. 14. 1 Chr. 27. 32.

Vnclean]

;;Such persons or things as are ceremoniously polluted by touching a dead carcass of man or beasts, &c. Hag. 2. 14. If he that is polluted touch any of these things, shall it be unclean? Lev. 13. 46. He shall be polluted, for 〈◊〉 is unclean. Act. 10. 14. Any thing which is polluted, or unclean; that is, which may not be eaten, being forbidden by the Law.

;;Of this prohibition of some meats as unclean, in respect of use, there were sundry causes:

• ;;1. Was Civil, to invite the Jews by this means to obedience.
• ;;2. Moral, to teach them temperance.
• ;;3. Physical, to maintain health, and escape diseases, by a promiscuous use of meats, which would breed sicknesses.
• ;;4. Ceremonioal, to distinguish the Jews from all the Gentiles, which observe no such difference.
• ;;5. Mystical, to put them in mind of spiritual uncleanness, to avoid it, and to follow holiness in body and soul, and to instruct them concerning Christ: who being come, and crucified, hath abolished this Mosaical Law, which yet after Christ his ascension was of force for a time, till the weak believing Jews might be taught what liberty the Gospel had brought them.

;;Of uncleanness about Meats, there be sundry sorts:

• ;;1. Physical or natural in meats, which are enemies to natural health, as venomous Serpents, &c.
• ;;2. That which sin brought upon all creatures, being accursed to man for disobedience of our first parents, Gen. 3.
• ;;3. Moral, when meats become polluted to us by the vice of intemperancy, or by disobedience to Civil laws, appointing restraints of meats to civil ends. For to the unclean all things are unclean. Tir. 1. v. last.
• ;;The 4 is scrupulous uncleanness, as when the weak Christians at 〈◊〉 made scruple if they might eat of things offered to Idols, 1 Cor. 8.
• ;;5 Superstitious uncleanness, when there is choice of meats made at certain times for Religion sake, as in Popery.

;;The 6 and last is Ceremonious uncleanness, such as was under Moses Law, which forbad the use of many meats, for such causes as before is laid down.

;;2. Such as are spiritually defiled with sin, either totally, as the wicked, which still (like hogs in the mire) wallow in the filthiness of sin: ot in part only, not having the corruption of their sin wholly purged out, as the godly. Isa. 64. 6. We have all been as an unclean thing.

Vnclean Spirits]

;;The Devil, who is himself most unclean and foul; also he inspireth uncleanness into others. Matth. 10. 1. And gave them power against unclean spirits.

;;2. The vices of convetousnesse drunkenness, infidelity, whoredom, hypocrisy, &c. by which the devil holds possession of men's hearts. Mat. 12. 43. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 unclean spirit is gone out of a man. Metonymy of the cause for the effect.

Three unclean spirits]

;;A strong number of the Ambassadors of Satan. Rev. 16. 13. And I saw three unclean spirits like frogs, come out of the mouth of the Dragon.

Vnclean thing]

Exod. 23. 14. Hebr. 〈◊〉 of anything, marg. Job 36. 14. or Sodomites, marg. Lam. 4. 15. or polluted, marg. Rom. 14. 14. Gr. common, marg. There are unclean,

• 1. Corporally, Lev. 13. 45.
• 2. Ceremonially, Lev. 5. 2. & 11. 4. Deut. 14. 7.
• 3. Morally, Job 36. 14.
• 4. Scrupulously, Rom. 14. 14. Bernard.

Vnclean thing]

;;Such as being themselves unpure and filthy, are apt by contagion to infect and pollute others whom they touch. Rev. 21. 27. No unclean thing.

As an Vnclean thing]

;;That even the holiest men on earth are (through remaining sins) like a leprous person, who for his uncleanness deserved to be separated from the company of other men; so are they become worthy for sin to be shut out from the company of God and his Angels, Isa. 64. 7.

Uncleanness]

;;Generally all sins whatsoever, which make unclean both ourselves and everything we touch; but particularly, such sins as tend unto our wicked pleasure and commodity. Rom. 6. 16. Zach. 13. 1. For sin, and 〈◊〉 uncleanness; that is, for sin which is itself unclean, and maketh us unclean.

;;Whereas such as were defiled with any Legal uncleanness, (as by touching a dead carcass, &c. ) must be thrown out of the Camp, till they had cleansed themselves, Numb. 5. 23. Lev. 15. 31. this figured two things.

• ;;1. That our sins give just cause unto God to cast us out from his presence and glory, Rev. 21. 27.
• ;;2. That evil doers are to be separated from the public assemblies and company of the faithful, for a time, till repentance, by suspension and excommunication. Compare 1 Cor. 5. 13. with Numb. 5. 2.

Uncleanness]

Zec. 23. 1. Hebr. separation for uncleanness, marg.

Vnclothed]

is spoken of Death, whereby the soul is stripped of the body, 2 Cor. 5. 4.

Vncomely]

Not decent, unfitting, 1 Cor. 7. 36. Unhonest, unseemly, 1 Cor. 12. 23.

Vncondemned]

Not found guilty, not examined, not convinced, Act. 16. 37. comp. with verse. 22. & 22. 25.

Vncorruptnesse]

Free from error, Tit. 2. 7.

Vncover]

To make bare, Isa. 32. 11. To leave naked, Exod. 31. 5. 2 Chr. 29. 19. To lay open, Prov. 13. 16. To have carnal copulation, Lev. 2. 18, 19. & 18. 8. To expose to shame and disgrace, Jer. 13. 26. Hos. 2. 3.

Vncover his feet]

Ruth 3. 4. or list up the clothes that are on his feet, marg.

〈◊〉 ]

Isa. 22. 6. Hebr. made naked, marg.

〈◊〉 ]

The holy Ghost, 1 Joh. 2. 20.

Vndefiled]

Clean, without spot, free from sin, Heb. 7. 26. Sincere, Psal. 119. 1. Perfect, 1 Pet. 1. 4. Where our heavenly inheritance is laid to be 〈◊〉 :

• 1. Because we shall live separate from all polluted things, as the devil, hell, and sin.
• 2. We shall be joined to God, that undefiled essence, the fountain of all holiness.
• 3. We shall enjoy the fellowship of unspotted Angels, and blessed souls after an undefiled manner, with all purity, concord, and quietness.
• 4. We shall be clothed with persection of nature, being made like unto Christ both in soul and body; in soul God's image in undefiled graces, being perfected without mixture either of defects or corruptions; and our body shall be made like the glorious body of Christ, Phil. 3. 22. without death, shame, weakness, or any imperfection.
• 5. Our service shall be pure and undefiled, for we shall praise God day and night, without either weakness or weariness, Rev, 7. 15.

Vndefiled]

;;One which is free from filthiness and spot of sin, being washed in the blood, and sanctified by the Spirit of Christ, Cant. 5. 2. My undefiled.

The Church is 〈◊〉 (especially) in that it is the Spouse of Christ, and clothed with the robes of his righteousness, Christ and his Church are not to be considered as two, but as one, when we speak of this undefilednesse. The Church in Christ is 〈◊〉 , yea even then when it feels its one defilements. She may be called 〈◊〉 also in respect to her 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 of disposition, tending to perfection; and God respects her according to her better part, and according to that he will bring her in due time. Sibs.

Vndefiled]

Heb. 7. 26. Christ was undefiled, actively, of all things; passively, of any person. The Priests might keep their bodies from being outwardly defiled, yet they were stained with sin in soul and body too; Christ had no 〈◊〉 any kind of way. Jones.

Vndefiled in the way]

Psal. 119. 1. Perfect, entire, or 〈◊〉 , in their slate or conversation. Ainsworth.

Under]

is taken,

• 1. In respect of place, Deut. 4. 11. 2 Sam. 22. 37. Rev. 5. 13. Hence these phrases, under heaven, under the sun, under the earth, &c. Judge. 1. 7. 〈◊〉 . 7. 〈◊〉 .
• 2. In respect of condition and state, power and dominion. Hence these and the like speeches, to have servants under one, to tread underfoot, to be under 〈◊〉 , Rom. 3. 9. To be concluded under sin; i. e. to be 〈◊〉 , Gal. 3. 22. To be sold under sin, Rom. 7. 14. To be under the elements of the world; i. e. to be kept in bondage under the Ceremonies of the Law, Gal. 4. 3. To be under a curse; i. e. guilty of it, Gal. 3. 10, 11.
• 3. In respect of protection and defense, Psal. 17. 8. 〈◊〉 . 2. 3. Mat. 23. 37. Gal. 3. 23.
• 4. It is put for, In. Hence under the lips, tongue, is, in the lips and tongue. Psal. 140. 4. Rom. 3 13.

Under grace]

;;One to whom sin is 〈◊〉 pardoned by the merit of Christ, and who 〈◊〉 also freed from the dominion and strength of sin, by the aid of God's grace and Spirit. Rom. 6. 14. Ye are under grace.

Under the hand]

2 Chr. 31. 13. Hebr. at the hand, marg.

Under the hand of God]

;;One chastened and judged for sin, to his humbling, Judge. 2. 15.

;;2. One that is defended by the great power and providence of God. 1 Pet. 5 6. Humble yourselves under the 〈◊〉 of God.

Under hope]

;;One not without hope; or one who hopeth well in respect of God's power and 〈◊〉 . Rom. 4. 18. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 above 〈◊〉 , believed under hope. Under hope, in respect of God; above hope, in respect of man.

Under the Law]

;;One subject to the doctrine, instruction and government of the Law, Rom. 3. 6, 9. Gal. 3. 23. We were kept under the Law. Also one subject to the burden of 〈◊〉 all Rites and Ceremonies, Gal. 4. 5.

;;2. One subject to the curse, 〈◊〉 , and compulsion of the Law, and as it is the strength of sin, and not to be under the Law, is to be freed from all these by faith in Christ and his sanctifying Spirit, Rom. 6. 14. For ye are not under the Law, but under grace.

Under his 〈◊〉 ]

;;By this sign either subjection; or for a further mystery of the Covenant of Circumcision; or rather of Christ, the promised seed, who was to come out of Abraham' s loins or thigh, Gen. 24. 2. & 47. 29.

Under Tuturs]

;;A child in his nonage, being under the tuition of a Governor or Guardina. Gal. 4. 2. But is under Tutors and Governors.

;;2. One subject to the Regiment of the Ceremonial Law (as to a Tutor) Gal. 4. 2.

Under the unjust]

;;Before the un just, in their Courts, and at their Judgment-seat. 1 Cor. 6. 1. Dare any of you having business against another, be judged under the unjust?

Under-girding the ship]

Act. 27. 17. This under-girding is by trusses, which are ropes made fast to the yards; used either to bind fast the yard to the mast, when the ship rowls a hull, or at an anchor, or to hale down the yards in a gust or storm. Annot.

Vnderneath]

Exod. 28. 27. & 39. 20. Beneath. D. Transl.

Under-setters]

1 King. 7. 30. Heb. shoulders. These were as shoulders to uphold the vessel, and to keep it from shaking or moving out of its place when it should be removed. Annot.

To understand]

;;To perceive with the eyes of the 〈◊〉 , something unknown afore, Dan. 10. 1.

;;2. To observe and consider in his mind, the afflictions of the Church under the King of Persia. Dan. 12. 10. Thou settest thy heart to understand.

Understand]

Deut. 28. 49. Heb. heart, marg. 〈◊〉 . 8. 13. or that they might instruct in marg. This is either naturally, 2 Sam. 3. 27. 1 Cor. 1. 19. or supernaturally, as Gen. 41. 15. 1 Chr. 18. 19. Dan. 4. 9. Heb. 11. 3. or spiritually, Psal. 119. 100. 1 Cor. 2. 9, 14. Bernard.

Understand]

Heb. 11. 3. Through faith we understand, &c. that is, according to the particular circumstances of the creation, though something thereof may be known by the light of reason, 2 Pet. 3. 5. Rom. 1. 20. Annot.

Understanding]

;;That natural faculty of the soul, whereby it knoweth things, and is able to discern them, and discourse of them. 〈◊〉 , 24. 45. Natural understanding.

;;2. The gift of heavenly knowledge enabling us to see the truth of God's words, or more clearly and fully to see it. Psal. 119. 34. Give me understanding, &c. Prov. 3. 13. & 4. 5. &c. This is active spiritual understanding, whereby we do understand others when they speak of heavenly things.

;;3. Interpretation to make others understand what is prayed for or uttered in a strange tongue. 1 Cor. 14. 15. I will 〈◊〉 with understanding. This is passive spiritual understanding, whereby some are made fit to understand our speeches.

;;4. Meaning, sense, matter of that which is prayed for in a strange tongue. 1 Cor. 14. 14. My understanding is without fruit; that is, when 〈◊〉 a prayer in an unknown tongue, the hearer hath no benefit, because he knoweth not the meaning. Popish Latin prayers before an English unlearned people, be unfruitful, contrary to the canons and rules of the Apostle, also to the practice of the primitive Church, yea against common reason: (for how shall any men say Amen, to that which they know not? or ask of God, what they understand not?) Lastly, repugnant they be to nature, for how shall one prepare to battle upon an 〈◊〉 sound? When men understand not one another, then they be Barbarians, or rather Babylonians one to another, according to that of the Poet; Barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intelligor ulli.

Understanding]

Job 12. 3. Hebr. an heart, marg. Psal. 111. 10. or success, marg. 1 King. 3. 9. Hebr. hearing, marg.

A people of no understanding]

;;Obstinate people and blockish, void of wisdom and such as will not learn, no not by rods and punishments. Isa. 27. 11. For it is a people of no understanding.

;; Note. As by a fool, the Scripture for the most part meaneth the wicked; so by a man of understanding, everyone that is godly, is meant, Prov. 8. 9.

Vnderstood]

Easie to be understood, 1 Cor. 14. 9. Gr. significant, marg.

Vndertake]

To promise faithfully, or become bound, Est. 9. 23. To protect and uphold, Isa. 38. 4.

Vndertake for me]

Isa. 38. 14. or ease me, marg.

Vndoe]

To perish, Numb. 21. 29. To relieve, Isa. 58. 6. To afflict and destroy, Zeph. 3. 19. Not to accomplish or perform, Josh. 11. 15. Mat. 23. 25.

Vndone]

Isa. 6. 5. Hebr. cut off, marg.

Vndressed]

Of the vine undressed, Lev. 25. 5. Hebr. of thy separations, marg. Which were separated and exempted from the owners, from sale and merchandize, and by the Word of God made free and common for all. The Gr. translateth, of thy sanctification; the Chaldee. of thy leaving; that is, which thou art to leave in common. Or, they may be so called, because the land and trees were to be left unmanured, and undressed, & so after a sort separated from the owners care and husbandry. Ainsworth.

Or, which thou hast separated from thyself principally, and left free from common use, verse. 16. Or, what thou hadst wont in the six years to appropriate or separate to thine own use; or (as some conceive, according to the Hebr. word Nezirecha ) because the fruits ungathered make a show or resemblance of the Nazarites, whose locks were worn long without any cutting. Annot.

Vnequall]

Unmeet, 2 Cor. 4. 16. Unrighteous.

Vnequally yoked]

2 Cor. 6. 14. Gr. diversely yoked, or drawing the other part of the yoke. Annot.

Vnfaigned]

Upright, sincere, without dissimulation and hypocrisy, 1 Tim. 1. 5. 2 Tim. 1. 5. 2 Cor. 6. 6. 1 Pet. 1. 22.

Vnfained]

Applyed unto Faith, 1 Tim. 1. 5. and Love, 1 Pet. 1. 22. both which must be without dissimulation.

〈◊〉 ]

Deceitfull, Psal. 78. 57. Prov. 25. 19.

Vnfaithfully]

Psal. 78. 57. Nothing more displeaseth God in Children, then when they continue in that wickedness which their Fathers had begun. Annot.

Vnfruitfull]

Unprofitable. Tit. 3. 14. Barren, Mat. 13. 22. Evil, Eph. 5. 11.

Vngird]

Gen. 24. 32. He ungirded his camels. Did loose, or unloosen their girths. He, to wit, Laban, whereby we see the gentle entertainment of strangers, used by the better sort of people in those times; which example may serve either for imitation or conviction of future ages, Annot.

Ungodly]

;;Every sinner that is unregenerate, whether he be elect or reprobate. Rom. 4. 5. & 5. 6. Christ died for the ungodly. Such we are all from our birth, even the Infant new born.

;;2. A person of years, who is a wicked liver, in whom birth-sin still reigneth. Psal. 1. v. last. The way of the ungodly shall perish. Jude v. 15. To 〈◊〉 all the ungodly men of all their wicked deeds.

Ungodly]

2 Sam. 22. 5. Hebr. Belial, marg. Psal. 43. 1. or unmerciful, marg. This is spoken of Idolaters, 2 Chr. 19. 2. of Rebels, Psal. 3. 7. of enemies of the godly, Psal. 18. 4. of such as in worldly prosperity contemn God, Psal. 73. 12. of a mischievous man, Prov. 16. 17. of such as dig up evil, Prov. 17. 27. of a false witness, Prov. 19. 28. of all men before conversion and justification, Rom. 4. 5. & 5. 6. of sinners, 1 Tim. 1. 9. 1 Pet. 4. 18. of them that turn the grace of God into wantonness, and false Teachers, Jude v. of notorious wicked livers and blasphemers, Jude v. 15. of lusts, Jude v. 18.

Vngodlinesse]

;;Wickedness or sin, immediately done against God, in the breach of the first Table. Tit. 2. 11. Teach us to deny 〈◊〉 and worldly lusts. Rom. 1. 18.

All ungodliness]

;;All kind of ungodliness, or ungodliness of all sorts: for ungodliness hath sundry parts and branches: as Ignorance, Insidelity, Superstition, Idolatry, Hypocrisy, Contempt of God, Profanation of his name and Sabbaths, &c. Rom. 1. 18. The wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness.

;;As unrighteousness noteth all manner of sins committed against the second, so ungodliness signifies all sorts of sins committed against the first Table.

Vnholy]

Profane, Lev. 10. 10. 1 Tim. 1. 9. Without sanctification, 2 Tim. 3. 2. Common, Heb. 10. 29.

Vnholy]

Heb. 10. 29. hath counted the blood of the Covenant — an unholy thing. Gr. Common. Mar. 7. 2. Act. 10. 15. They make no more account of the blood of Christ, then of the blood of some Malefactor, or of a brute beast. Annot.

Unicorn]

A beast, fierce, wild, and untameable, Job 39. 12, 13, 14, 15. It is very strong, Ibid. Hence powerful men are compared to them, Isa. 34, 7. and God 〈◊〉 , in respect of his powerful protection, Numb. 23. 22. & 24. 8. And because his strength is in the 〈◊〉 ; therefore by the 〈◊〉 of the 〈◊〉 , is signified, the power both of the godly, Deut. 33. 17. Psal. 62. 10. and also of wicked 〈◊〉 , and cruel persecutors of the godly, Psal. 22. 21

Naturalists write of the Unicorn' s horn, that of all other it is most firm and solid.

• 2. Most pleasant: And,
• 3. Most profitable, as being a sovereign preservative against all poison: The beasts of the field (as they record) attend till the unicorn dip his horn in the water, then they come and drink.

Thus the Kingdom of Christ may be fitly compared unto it, for of all other it is the most firm and durable, the most beautiful and most profitable; for he hath changed the bitter waters, and made them sweet; neither is there anything so deadly which his horn healeth not, and makes it to serve for the salvation of his own.

The Unicorns horn groweth out of its forehead between the eye-lids, and is neither light, nor hollow, nor smooth, like other horns, but hard as iron, rough as any file, resolved in many plights, sharper then any dart, straight and not crooked, everywhere black, except at the point. It casteth the horn as the Hart. This horn being set upon the Table of Kings amongst their junkets, and banquets, doth bewray if therein there be any poison, by a certain sweat which cometh over it. It's a beast which cannot be tamed, fighting both with its mouth by biting, and heels by kicking. It's gentle to strange beasts, but fighteth especially with his own kind, yea with the female, unless in time of copulation. Running against the Lyon (who in the mean time runneth behind a tree) he runneth his horn into the tree, whereunto being therewith fastened, he is killed. It reverenceth Virgins and Maidens. Having tharpened its horn by rubbing it against a rock, and so prepared it self for fight, it endevoureh especially to pierce its adversaries belly, as knowing it to be soft and weak.