A Treatise of Justification
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This project was conceived to clean up those books as much as possible and make them more accessible to the interested reader, leading to the creation of a massive list of variant spellings and their corrections. This was used to clean up the text, but is of course only as complete as the list itself. Because of the nature of the original transcription, some words have missing characters or places where the original language (e.g., Greek) was not transcribed. This effort does not change that. Be aware that the original transcription can also be faulty and in some cases entire sentences may be missing.
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This project took a huge amount of time and skill to bring to fruition. I would particularly like to thank David Jonescue for the initial list of Puritans he found on EEBO and the concept behind this project as well as the continuous, unceasing efforts toward seeing this complete. Without his labor, this would not be available. Alex Sarrouf was invaluable in providing the initial list of over 7,000 spelling variations he had identified and corrected, as well as continuing to review more than 16,000 additions to that list for any typos.
Logan West
(with David Jonescue and Alex Sarrouf)
www.puritansearch.org
A TREATISE OF IVSTIFICATION.
BY GEORGE DOWNAME, DOCTOR OF DIVINITY and Bishop of Dery.
IEREMIAH 23. 5, 6. I will raise unto David a righteous branch, and this is his name whereby he shall be called, Jehovah our righteousness.
2 CORINTH. 5. 21. Him that knew no sin God made sin for us that we might become the righteousness of God in him.
LONDON, Printed by Felix Kyngston for Nicolas Bourne, and are to be sold at his shop, at the South Entrance of the Royal Exchange. 1633.
REVERENDISSIMO IN CHRISTO PATRI AC DOMINO, D. GEORGIO ABBATO ARCHIEPISCOPO Cantuariensi dignissimo, totius Angliae Primati ac Metropolitae amplissimo
GEORGIVS DOVNAMVS EPISCOPVS DERENSIS HOC QVICQVID EST VOLVMINIS DE JVSTIFICATIONE Peccatoris, ceu grati Animi 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 summae{que} observantiae & amoris 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 dicat consecratque.
A Preface concerning the Apostasy of the now Church of Rome.
T His ensuing Treatise, as it cleareth the Doctrine of the Gospel in that high point concerning our title to the Kingdom of Heaven: so it helpeth to discover the Apostasy of the now Church of Rome from the faith. For though the Papists do vaunt that their Church, meaning especially the See of Rome, is so far from falling away from the faith, that it cannot fall into errors in matters of faith: yet they cannot deny, but that in the latter times, and namely in the time of Antichrist, there should be a great defection from the faith, and as it were a Catholic Apostasy, whereof Antichrist was to be the head. Of this Apostasy the holy Ghost hath prophesied in divers places of the Scriptures, as, 1 Tim. 4. 1. 2 Thess. 2. 3. Mat. 24. 24. Apoc. 13. 12, 14, 15, 16. And hath also set down the notes and marks whereby they may be known who make this Apostasy from the faith:
- As 1. to forbid marriage,
- 2 To command abstinence from meats, both of them for religion and conscience sake.
- 3 Idolatry, for that is by spiritual fornication to fall from God. Psal. 73. 27. Hos. 1. 2. 9. 1. which by the Septuagint is thus expressed, Hos. 4. 12. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 .
- 4. Ostentation of miracles, the proper badge of the Antichristian Apostasy in these latter times, 2 Thess. 2. 9. Mar. 24. 24. Apoc. 13. 14.
All which notes I have proved in my Latin Treatise of Antichrist, properly to agree to the now Church of Rome, the forbidding of marriage, and commanding abstinence from meats, part. 1. lib. 3. cap. 2. & 3. Idolatry, ibid. cap. 3. §. 5. Miracles, lib. 6. cap. 1. §. 5. whereby it is evident, that the new Church of Rome, hath made this Apostasy. Now let us consider, in what respects the Church of Rome is revolted from the faith. By faith in this question we understand, not the habit or grace of faith, but the Doctrine of faith, Non id quo creditor, not that by which we believe, sed illud quod creditor, bu •… that which we do believe. In which sense the word faith is often used both in the Scriptures, and also in the monuments of Ecclesiastical writers. Now the Doctrine of faith is either general or special. The general are the whole canonical Scriptures, or the written Word of God in general, which is objectum fidei adaequatum, the even object, the rule and foundation of faith: so that whatsoever doctrine is contained in the Scriptures either expressly, or by necessary consequence, is to be received as a doctrine of faith, and whatsoever is not so contained in the Scriptures, is not dogma fidei.
From the holy Scriptures, which God hath propounded to be the only rule of faith, they are revolted unto the doctrines & devices of men, by changing the rule of faith; which they have done divers ways. For first, whereas the rule, the foundation, and chief principle of faith whereinto it is last resolved, is the authority of God speaking in the holy Scriptures; they have set up another rule, which is the authority of the Roman Church, and therein of the Pope; which they make the superior rule, from which the authority of the Scriptures themselves dependeth, and into which their faith is last resolved. For the Pope is, as they say, virtually the Church, and what they say in this kind to magnify the authority of the Church, is specially to be under stood of the Pope, who only for sooth hath an infallible judgment, and not subject to error, for, if you will believe them, a general or ecumenical Council without the Pope may err, but the Pope alone without a Council cannot err: yea, the authority of the Pope and Council together, is no greater than the authority of the Pope alone, from whom all Councils have their authority, for ab arbi •… pontificis tota conciliorum authoritas pendet, quae tantam habent, quantam Papa indulget, and thus Bellarmine denieth this assertion, aliquid majus est concilium cum pontifice, quam pontifex solus. If therefore the authority of the Church be greater than that of the Scriptures, as they teach, and if the authority of the Pope be absolutely above the Church universal, as they also teach: then much more is the authority of the Pope above the Scriptures. Now whosoever taketh upon him authority above the Scriptures, which are the undoubted Word of God, he is undoubtedly Antichrist; whose judgment to make (as the Papists plainly do) the chief principle of faith, into which their faith is last resolved, is no better th •… n to revoli from Christ to Antichrist.
Secondly, they change the rule of faith, by making their traditions, that is, such doctrines and observations as are taught and observed in the Church of Rome, having no ground nor warrant in the holy Scriptures, to be the Word of God, the word unwritten, and a rule of faith: which also they do not on •… lie match with the holy Scriptures, but even in many respects prefer before them, and acknowledge them to be the more entire and perfect rule of faith.
Thirdly, they have changed the rule of faith, by making those books canonical, which all antiquity almost, yea, and all succeeding ages until the Council of Trent; following therein the judgment of Jerome, did hold Apochryphall, or at the most but Ecclesiastical; which might be read in the Church for moral instruction, but not as rules of faith.
Fourthly, they change the rule of faith, when instead of the original Text of the old and new Testaments, which were penned by the Prophets and Apostles themselves, they make a corrupt, and that sometimes a barbarous translation of I know not whom, to be the authentic text, and the rule of faith; preferring the vulgar Latin translation before the original text, which the penmen of the holy Ghost did write.
Fifthly, they change the rule of faith, when instead o •… the true sense and m •… aning of the holy Scriptures expounded by the Scriptures according to the analog •… e of faith, they obtrude the sense given by the Church of Rome, and therein by the Pope, who is, as they say, the supreme and only authentical interpreter of the Word, from whom it is not lawful to dissent: So that in his sense any portion of the Scriptures, though obscure, must be acknowledged the word of God; but urged in any other sense, it is the word of the Devil rather than the Word of God. Now it is the sense of the Scriptures, which is the Word of God rather than the letter, the sense being the soul and life of the letter. Non enim in legendo Scripturae, sed in intelligendo consistunt, saith Jerome, The words, saith Bellarmine, are as the sheath, the sense is the sword of the Spirit.
Thus hath the Church of Rome revolted from the general doctrine of faith, which is the written word of God, or the holy Canonical Scriptures.
The special doctrines of faith are the several articles taught in the Scriptures; which are the special objects of faith, either quae justificat only, or qua justificat. The justifying faith belee •… h all the articles and doctrines of faith which are taught in the Word of God, but the peculiar object of faith, quatenus justificat, is the doctrine of the Gospel.
As touching the special doctrines of Christian faith, there are divers hundreds of errors wherein the Church of Rome hath revolted from the faith, not at once, but at dive •… s times and by degrees. The number whereof is so great, as that Popery, or the Catholicism of Papi •… ts may justly be called the Catholic Apostasy.
But from the peculiar doctrine of faith, quatenus justificat, which is the doctrine of the Gospel concerning justification by faith in Christ alone, the Church of Rome chiefly erreth, as I have shown in this Treatise; and by their Antichristian doctrine in this point they are revolted from the Gospel, which is Verbum fidei, the Word or Doctrine of faith, they are fallen from the comfortable doctrine of this grace, and to them Christ is made of none effect, as I have proved.
This assertion concerning the Apost •… sie of the now Church of Rome, I •… ppose as an antidote against the poison of their impudently depraved article concerning the Catholic Church, wherein there is a double imposture or poyso •… , both in respect of the object, and also of the act of faith; which two in every article of the Creed are to be considered. For first, in respect of the object, whereas the Apostles Creed hath The holy Catholic Church, they understand the Catholic Roman Church, the mother, for so •… th, and mistress of all Churches; which they call •… atholike, not as it is one particular Church, as every Orthodox Church was wont to be called, as the Catholic Church of Smyrna, &c. but as it comprehendeth all particular Churches which live in Communion with, and in subjection to the See of Rome, all which are, as they say, but one Church, because they are subject to one visible head the Pope of Rome. And they add that out of this communion with the See of Rome, and without this subjection to the Pope of Rome, as the universal Bishop, there is no salvation. With this one n •… t they co •… y-catch those seduced souls, which either they draw to their side, or detain in Communion with them. Howbeit, it is a most shameless imposture.
For first, can it be imagined, that the Apostles by Catholic understood the Roman Church, which, when they composed the Creed, was not extant, nor for divers years after. No doubt the Apostles meant that Church which then had a being, and whereof themselves were members, which also had been from the beginning of the world, and was to continue forever, viz. the universal company of the Elect: and that is the meaning of the word Catholic.
Secondly for the first six hundred years the Bishop of Rome did not challenge unto hims •… lse the Title or authority of universal Bishop, but was only the Archbishop or Patriarch of Rome, unto whom the four other Patriarchs of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, were no more subject, than he to them, everyone of them having the primacy within their several Patriarchicall jurisdictions. And although after the grant of the Tyrant Phocas in the year six hundred seven, the Pope challenged for himself to be the universal Bishop, and for his See to be the head of all Churches: yet by the Greek, and other Churches, which were, and are the better and greater part of Christendom, this claim never was, nor is at this day acknowledged. All which Churches notwithstanding wherein were innumerable Saints and Martyrs, and the most holy Fathe •… s of the Church, by this Romish article are most wic •… edly and schi •… matically excluded from Salvation, because they acknowledged no subjection to the See of Rome. But if the now Church of Rome be the Apostaticall Church, having revolted from the ancient Religion of Christians by their id •… latry, will-worship, and supers •… ition, and from the Ancien •… faith of Christians contained generally in the holy Canonical Scriptures, and more particularly in the Gospel, as by other almost innumerable errors of Popery, so more especially by those which I confute in this book: and if the head of this Catholic Apostasy, that is to say, the Pope, be Antichrist; then let all Christians, who have any care of their souls, consider, whether it be safe for them to live in the Communion of that Sect, and in subjection to that See, where they must have the apostatical Church, even the whore of Babylon to be their mother, from whom they are commanded to separate, Apoc. 18. 4. and the Antichrist to be their father, their head, their universal Bishop, who prevaileth in them only that perish, 2 Thes. 2. 10.
2. As touching the act of faith, their cozenage in respect thereof is worse, if worse may be. For where the Apostles Creed hath Credo sanctam Ecclesiam Catholicam, they understand this article, as if the words were not, Credo Ecclesiam, I believe that there is a Catholic Church, and that there is a Communion of Saints the members of that Church, &c, but credo Ecclesiae, or in Ecclesiam, I give credit to the Church, or I believe in the Church, making the Church (whereby they understand the now Church of Rome) not only the material, but also formal object of faith, in which they believe, and for which they believe whatsoever it believeth, or propoundeth to be believed. And in this exposition they are grown so impudent, as that they say, that the Church Catholic, (meaning the now Roman Church) is the very principle of our faith for which we are to believe the holy Scriptures, and all other articles; that it is the chief pri •… ciple, whereon the authority of the Scriptures dependeth, and the last principle into which their faith is to be resolved: that in this article is summarily contained the whole Word of God, not only written, but also unwritten: that Christ propounded unto us the whole Word of God, when he commanded us to hear the Church, Mat. 18. 17. Luk. 10. 16. and (which surpasseth all impudency) that the Fathers sometimes in this sense do say, that all the doctrines of faith are contained in the holy Scriptures, to wit, as in a general principle, quatenus illae monent credendum esse Ecclesiae, in that they admonish that the Church is to be b •… leeved in all things. And further that the implicit faith, which is implied in this one article, I believe the Roman Church, and wh •… tsoever that Church believeth, or propoundeth to be believed, is the most entire faith and most safe, not only for the lay people, though they know or believe no more, but also for the learned. For whom it is not so safe, when Satan contendeth with them, to defend their faith by the Scriptures, as to profess only that they believe as the Church believeth.
But indeed this implicit faith, whereby men do believe or profess themselves to believe as the Church of Rome, and therein the Pope believeth or propoundeth to be believe •… d acknowledging him to be the principle, yea the chief, and last principle into which there is ultima resolutio fidei, upon which the authority of the Scriptures dependeth, is to take upon them the very mark of the beast, and to revolt from Christ to Antichrist: which is the miserable condition of all resolute Papists. For Antichrist prevaileth in them only that perish, whose names are not written in the book of life. See Mat. 24. 24. 2 Thess. 2. 10. Apoc. 14. 9, 10, 11. and 17. 8.
Let not therefore the popish priests and Jesuits, the Emissaries of Antichrist, like egregious imposters terrify any longer the people with these bug-bears, that there is no salvation but in the communion with the Church of Rome, and in subjection under the Pope; until they have proved, which they will never be able to do, that their Church is not Apostaticall, and that their Pope, who is the head of the Catholic Apostasy, is not, as about twelve years ago •… I proved him to be, Antichrist. To conclude, let the popish Rabbins either vindicate their Church from Apostasy, and their Pope from Antichristianism, or else forever hereafter hold their peace.
A Table of the places of Scriptures alleged, expounded, or vindicated in this Treatise.
-
Genesis 15. 6.
- ABRAHAM believed God, and it was imputed to him for righteousness. Lib. 7. Cap. 8. §. 11.
-
Exodus.
- 28. 36. 38. Lib. 1. Cap. 4. §. 22. Lib. 4. Cap. 3. §. 11. Of •… he golden plate which the high priest did wear on his forehead.
-
Deutronomie.
- 30. 6. And the Lord thy God will circumcise thine heart—to love the Lord thy God with all thine heart, &c. Lib. 5. Cap. 7. §. 7.
-
Joshua.
- 11. 14, 15. He left nothing undone of all that the Lord commanded Moses. Lib. 7. Cap. 6. §. 13.
-
1. Chronicles.
- 21. 8. Take away the iniquity of thy servant. Lib. 2. Cap. 8. §. 2.
-
Job.
- 1. 22. In all this Job sinned not. Lib. 4. Cap. 4. §. 1. & 2.
-
Psalms.
- 4. 4. Sin not. Lib. 4. Cap. 4. §. 7. 7. 4. 9. & 16. 1, 2, 3. & 18. 21. & 261. 119. 121. in which David pleadet •… his own innocenci •… . Lib. 4. Cap. 4. §. 5.
- 10. 15. And he shall not be found. Lib. 2. Cap. 8. §. 5.
- 32. 1▪ 2. Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven and whose sin is covered: Blessed is the man to whom the Lord imputeth not 〈◊〉 . Lib. 5. Cap. 3. §. 2. 3. &c. ad 14. 37. 40. He sh •… ll save th •… m because they trust in him. Lib 6. Cap. 11. §. 7.
- 51. 2. 7. Wash me thoroughly from mine iniquity—purge me with bysope and I shall be clean▪ &c. L. 2. C. 8. §. 4.
- 62. 12. To thee O Lord mercy. Lib. 8. Cap. 2. §. 1. for thon rendrest to every man according to his work. Lib. 8. Cap. 5. §. 13.
- 78. 34. When he sl •… w them, they sought him. Lib. 6. Cap. 11. §. 4. n. 3.
- 91. 14. Because he hath loved me, therefore I will deliver him. Lib. 6. Cap. 11. §. 7.
- 111. 10. The fear of the Lor •… is the beginning of Wisdom. Lib. 6. Cap. 11. §. 3.
-
Proverbs.
- 1. 7. The fear of the Lord •… the beginning of Wisdom. Lib. 6. •… ap. 11. §. 3.
- 14. 27. The fear of the Lor •… •… a sountaine of Life. Lib. 6. Cap. 1. §. 4. n. 5.
- 28. 25. He that putteth his trust in the Lord shall be made •… at. Vulg. lat. qui sperat in Domino salvabitur. Lib. 6. Cap. 11. §. 7.
-
Ecclesiastes.
- 7. 20. There is not a just man upon earth that doth good and •… inneth not. lib. 4. cap. 3. §. 12.
-
Isaiah.
- 7. 9. If you will not believe, you shall not be established. Lat. cited by Bellarm. non intellig •… tis. l. 6. •… . 1. §. 6.
- 26. 18. From thy •… ear (as Bellarmine readeth) we have conceived and brought forth the Spirit of salvation. lib. 6. c. 11. § 4. n. 4.
- 53. 11. My righteous servant by his knowledge shall justify many. lib. 2. cap. 5. § 7 8 9 10.
- 55. 1. Buy without money and without price. lib. 8. c. 2. §. 4.
- 64 6. Our righteousn •… sses are like menstruous clouts. l. 4. c. 3. §. 4 5, &c.
-
Jeremiah.
- 23. 6. This is his name where •… by he shall be called, I •… HOVAH, our righteousness. lib. 1. cap. 3. §. 5. lib. 4. cap. 2. §. 2.
-
Ezekiel.
- 18. 21. If the wicked shàll turn from all his sins he shall live. lib. 7. c. 4. §. 17.
-
Daniel.
- 9. 18. We do not present our supplications before thee for our righteousnesses, but for thy great mercies. lib. 8. cap. 2. §. 4.
- 12. 3. They that justify m •… y. lib. 2. cap. 5. §. 6.
-
Habakkuk.
- 2. 4. The just by faith shall live. lib. 1. c. 1. §. 1. & l. 6 c. 2. §. 11.
-
Malachi.
- 3. 4. The offerings shall be pleasant to the Lord. lib. 4. cap. 4. §. 8.
Apocrypha.
-
Ecclesiasticus.
- 1. 28. Lib. 6. cap. 11. §. 2.
- Lib. 6. cap. 12. §. 1.
- 16. 14. Lib. 8. cap. 1. §. 1.
- 18. 21. Lib. 2. cap. 4. §. 2. 3.
- 47. 8. Lib. 5. cap. 7. §. 7.
-
Matthew.
- 5. 16. That they seeing your good works. lib. 4. cap. 4. §. 9.
- 5. 20. Except your righteousness exceed the righteousness of the Scribes, &c. lib. 7. cap. 4. §. 14.
- 5. 48. Be you therefore perfect, &c. lib. 5 •… p. 7. §. 9.
- 6. 10. Thy will be done, &c. lib. 7. cap. 7. §. 12.
- 6. 22▪ If thine eye be single, the whole body shall be full of light. lib. 4. 〈◊〉 . 4. §. 4.
- 9. 2. Be of good cheer thy sin •… s are f •… rgiven thee. lib. 6. cap. 11. §. 8.
- 11. 30. My yoke is easy and my burden is light. l. 7. c. 6. §. 8.
- 15. 28. O Woman, great is thy faith, &c. l. 6. c. 15 §. 12.
- 16. 27. He shall reward every man according to his works. l. 8. c. 5 §. 13.
- 19. 17. If thou wilt enter into life, keep the Commandments. l. 7. c. 4. §. 15. &c. 6. §. 12.
- 19. 21. If thou wilt be perfect, go •… sell all, &c. l. 7. •… . 7. § 3.
- 20. 1. ad 16. The parable of the workmen in the vineyard. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 6, 7.
- Matth. 25. 21. Well done thou good and faithful servant, &c. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 15.
- 25. 34. 35. Come ye blessed of my Father inherit, &c. lib. 7. c. 4. §. 12. and c. 5. §. 11. and lib. 8. c. 5. §. 14 15, 16.
-
Mark.
- 7. 29. For this saying, go thy way, & •… . 6. c. 15. §. 12.
-
Luke.
- 1. 6. Righteous before God, &c. lib. 2. cap. 3. §. 1.
- 6. 38. With what measure you meet, &c. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 13.
- 7. 47. Her sins which are many are forgiven, for she loved much. lib. 6. cap. 12 §. 2. 3.
- 7. 55. Thy faith hath saved thee. lib. 6. cap. 15. §. 11.
- 10. 7. The laborer is worthy of his hire. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 22.
- 17. 5. Increase our faith. l. 6. c. 3. §. 3.
- 17. 7. 8, 9 10. When you have done all, say that ye are unprofitable servants. lib. 8. cap. 2. §. 5. 6, &c.
- 20. 35. They that shall be accounted worthy to obtain that world, &c. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 22.
-
John.
- 1. 12. To so many as believed he gave power to be the sons of God, &c. lib. 6. cap. 10. §. 9.
- 1. 29. Behold the Lamb of God which takes away the sin of the world. lib. 2. cap. 8. §. 2.
- 6. 64. Jesus knew from the beginning who believed not. lib. 6. cap. 2 §. 7.
- 12. 42▪ 43. Many of the Rulers believed on him but did not confess him, &c. lib. 6. cap. 3. §. 8.
- 14. 23. If a man love me he will keep my words, and my Father will love him. lib. 7. cap. 6. §. 22.
- 15. 13. Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends. lib. 5. cap. 7. §. 3.
-
Acts of the Apostles.
- 13. 38▪ 39. Through this Man is preached un •… o you remission of sins; and by him all that believe are justified, &c. Lib. 4. cap. 6. §. 1. 2, &c. ad 9.
- 15. 9. Purifying their hearts by faith. Lib. 6. cap. 15. § 9.
- 15. 10. A yoke which neither we nor our Fathers were able to bear. lib. 4. cap. 5. §. 9.
-
Epistle to the Romans.
- 1. 16, 17. The Gospel the power of God, &c. in it is revealed the righteousness of God, &c. Lib. 1. cap. 1. §. 1.
- 3. 24. Being just •… fied freely by his race through the redemption, &c. l. 3. c. 3. & 4.
- 3. 27. Boasting ex •… luded, by what Law? &c. lib. 7. cap. 3. §. 2.
- 4. 2. If Abraham were justified by works he hath whereof to glory, but not before God. lib. 7. cap. 3. §. 2.
- 4. 5 6. 11. The Lord imputeth righteousness. lib. 1. cap. 3. §. 10.
- 4, 4. 5. To him that worketh the reward is not reckoned of grace but of debt, but to him that worketh not, but believeth, &c, lib. 1. cap. 3. §. 6. lib. 6. cap. 15. §. 7.
- 4. 20. 21, 22. Abraham being strong in faith gave glory to God, therefore it was imputed to him for righteousness. lib. 6. §. 13. cap. 15.
- 4. 25. Who was delivered for our sins, and rose again for our justification. lib. 4. cap. 12. §. 2.
- 5. 3, 4. Tribulation worketh patience, and patience probation, &c. l. 7. c. 5. §. 7.
- 5. 5. The love of God shed abroad in our hearts by his holy Spirit. lib. 3. cap. 5.
- 5. 17, 18▪ 19. For as by one man's offense, &c. lib. 2. cap. 5. §. 1. 2, &c. lib. 4. cap. 10. §. 1. 2▪ &c. ad 7.
- 5. 19. As by the disobedience of one many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one many shall be made righteous. lib. 1. cap. 4. §. 8. lib. 2. cap. 5. §. 1. 2. lib. 2. cap. 8. §. 10. lib. 5. cap. 2. §. 1.
- 5. 21. As sin reigned unto death, even so grace, &c. lib.. 4. cap. 12. §. 5.
- 6. 4 6. We are bur •… ed with him by baptism into death, lib. 8. cap. 10. §. 17.
- 6. 13. Neither yield your members as instruments of unrighteousness, &c. lib. 4. cap. 12. §. 6.
- 6. 19. As ye have yielded your members servants to uncleanness, &c. l. 7. §. 19. c. 8.
- 6. 22. Ye have your fruit unto holiness and the end everlasting life. lib. 4. c. 12. §. 11.
- 6. 23. For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life, &c. lib. 8. cap. 2. §. 13▪ &c.
- 7. 18. To will is present with me, but how to perform that which is good I find not. lib. 4. cap. 5. §. 10.
- 8. 3. The impossibility of the Law, in that it was weak through the flesh, &c. lib. 4. cap. 5. §. 11.
- 8. 4. That the justification of the Law might be fulfilled in us. lib. 7. cap. 7. §. 10. 11.
- 8. 10. The body is dead by reason of sin, but the Spirit is life because of righteousness. lib. 3. cap. 5. §. 7. 8. lib. 4. cap. 12. §. 7▪
- 8. 13. If through the Spirit you mortify the deeds of the body, ye shall live. lib. 7. cap. 4. §. 11. 16. cap. 5. §. 8.
- 8. 10. 15. 23. Lib. 4. cap. 10. §. 18.
- 8. 15. Ye have received the Spirit of adoption, &c. lib. 3. c. 5. §. 6.
- 8. 17. If ye suffer with him that ye may be glorified with him. lib. 7. cap. 4. §. 11. 17.
- 8. 16. 17, 18. lib. 7. cap. 5. §. 9.
- 8. 18. The sufferings of this present time are not worthy the glory which shall be revealed. lib. 8. cap. 2. §. 18, &c. ad 22.
- 8. 29. Conformable to the image of his son. lib. 4. cap. 10. §. 12.
- 8. 30. Whom he hath called them he hath justified. lib. 2. cap. 3. §. 5.
- 8. 33, 34. Who shall lay anything to the charge of God's children, it is God that justifieth, &c. lib. 1. cap. 1. §. 4.
- 10. 4. Christ the end of the Law for righteousness to everyone that believeth. lib. 1. cap. 4. § 9.
- 10. 10. With the heart manbeleeveth unto righteousness, &c. lib. 7. cap. 5. §. 10.
- 10. 13, 14. Whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved, how then shall they call upon him in whom they have not believed, &c. lib. 6. cap. 10. § 8. cap. 15. §. 14.
-
The first to the Corinthians.
- 1. 30. Christ made unto us righteousness. lib. 4. cap. 9. §. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
- 2. 6. We speak wisdom among them that are perfect▪ lib. 5. cap. 7. §. 10.
- 3. 8. Everyone shall receive his own reward according to his own labor. lib. 8. c. 5. §. 13.
- 3. 11. Other foundation can no man lay than that is laid which is Jesus Christ. lib. 6. cap. 15. §. 8.
- 3. 12. If any man build upon this foundation gold, silver, &c. lib. 4. cap. 4. §. 5.
- 4. 4. I know nothing by myself, yet am I not thereby justified. lib. 4. cap. 4. §. 17.
- 6. 11. But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified, &c. lib. 2. cap. 3. §. 4 lib. 4. cap. 10. §. 7.
- 12. 9. To another, faith. lib. 6. cap. 1. §. 6.
- 13. 2 Lib. 6. cap. 1. §. 6. & cap. 3. §. 2. 3, 4.
- 13. 13. Now abideth faith, hope and charity, &c. lib. 6. cap. 3. §. 4.
- 15. 49. We shall also bear the image of the heavenly. lib. 4. cap. 10. §. 12. 16.
-
The second to the Corinthians.
- 4. 17. Lib. 7. cap. 5. §. 7. lib. 8. cap. 2. §. 21.
- 5. 21. Him that knew no sin he made sin for us, that we might be made the righteousness of God in him. lib. 1. cap. 3. §. 10. lib. 5. cap. 1. §. 4. &c. ad finem capitis.
- 7. 1. Perfecting holiness in the fear of God. lib. 7. cap. 8. §. 20.
- 7. 10. Godly sorrow worketh repentance, &c. lib. 7. cap. 5. §. 6.
- 9. 10. He that ministereth seed, multiply your seed, and increase the fruits of your righteousness. lib. 7. cap. 8. §. 21.
-
The Epistle to the Galatians.
- 1. 8▪ 9. If we or an Angel from heaven preach any other Gospe •… l, &c. lib. 1. cap. 1. §. 1.
- 2. 16. Knowing that a man is no •… justified by the works of the Law but by the faith of Jesus Christ, &c. lib. 7. cap. 3. §. 8, &c. ad 13.
- 3. 21. If there had been a Law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the Law. lib. 4. cap. 12. §. 8.
- 5. 5. 6. We wait for the hope of righteousness by faith which work •… th by lo ve. lib. 4. cap. 11. §. 2 3, 4. cap. 12. §. 3. in fine. lib. 6 cap. 12. §. 3. •… . 4.
- 6. 7. Whatsoever a man soweth that he shall reap. lib. 8. cap. 5. § 13.
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The Epistle to the Ephesians.
- 2. 8. 9. By grace ye are saved through faith not of works, &c. lib. 7. cap. 3. §. 13.
- 5. 8. Now we are light in the Lord. lib. 2. cap. 8. §. 6.
- 5. 26▪ 27. That he might sanctify and cleanse it, that he might present it unto himself, &c. lib. 2. cap. 8. §. 6.
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The Epistle to the Philippians.
- 1. 9. Wherefore God hath exalted him, lib. 1. cap. 4. §. 11. 12.
- 2. 12. Work out your salvation in fear. lib. 7. cap. 5. §. 5.
- 3. 8, 9. I account all things dung that I may win Christ, and may be found in him not having mine own righteousness, &c. lib. 7. cap. 3. §. 15. lib. 8. cap. 2. §. 22.
- 3. 15. Let so many as perfect be thus minded. lib. 5. cap. 7. §. 10,
-
The second to the Thessalonians.
- 1. 5, 6. That ye may be counted worthy of the Kingdom of God seeing it is a righteous thing with God to recompense, &c. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 20. 22.
-
The first to Timothy.
- 2. 14▪ 15. Notwithstanding s •… e shall be saved in child bearing, if they continue in faith, &c. lib. 7. cap. 5 §. 4.
- 5. 8. If any provide not for his own he hath denied the faith and is worse than an infidel. lib. 6. cap. 2. §. 6.
-
The second to Timothy.
- 2. 11, 12. If we be dead with him, we sh •… ll also live with him, if we suffer, we shall also reign. l. 7. c. 4. §. 11. 16.
- 2. 21. If a man purge himself from these he shall be a vessel unto honor sanctified and meet •… for the Masters us •… . lib. 8. cap. 2. §. 9.
- 4. 7, 8. I have fought a good fight, henceforth is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, &c. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 20.
-
To Titus.
- 2. 14. That he might redeem us from all iniquity, and might purge unt •… himself a peculiar people zealous of good works, lib. 4. cap. 4. §. 19
- 3. 5 6▪ 7. Not by works of righteousness w •… n we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us by the l •… ver of regeneration, that being justified, &c. lib. 4. cap. 10. §. 8. lib. 7. cap. 3. §. 14.
-
To the Hebrews.
- 5 9. He became the author of salvation eternal to them that obey him. lib. 7. cap. 7. §. 12.
- 6. 10. God is not unrighteous to forget your work. &c. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. •… 0.
- 9. 28. Christ was once offered to bear the sin •… s of many. lib. 2. cap. 8. §. 2.
- 10. 36. Ye have need of patience. lib. 7. cap. 5. §. 3.
- 11. 4. 7, &c. lib. 4. cap. 10. §. 9.
- 11. 6. He that comm •… th to God must believe that God is, and that he is a rewarder, &c. lib. 6. cap. 10. §. 7. cap. 15. §. 15.
- 13. 16. With such sacrific •… s God is well pleased. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 2.
-
James.
- 1. 25. Being a doer of the word, this man shall be blessed in his deed. lib. 7. cap. 5. §. 12.
- 2. 14. 17. If a man say he hath faith and have not works, &c. lib. 6. ca •… . 2. §. 5. 10, &c. cap. 3. §. 5. lib. 7. cap. 5. §. 12.
- 2. 24. Ye see then how that by works a man is justified and not by faith only. lib. 2. cap. 4. §. 4.
- 2. 14. &c. ad finem, capitis. lib. 7. •… . 8. §. 2, &c.
- 2. 26. As the body, without the Spirit is dead, &c. l. 4. c. 11. §. 7.
-
The second of Peter.
- 1. 1. Who have obtained like precious faith with us in the righteousness of God and our Savior JESUS CHRIST. lib. 4. c. 2. §. 2.
-
The first of John.
- 2. 4. He that saith I know him, and keepeth not his Commandments is a liar. lib. 6. •… . 2. •… . 8.
- 2. 5. He that keepeth his word in him the love of God is perfected. lib. 5. cap. 7. §. 6.
- 3. 14. We know that we are passed from death unto, life, because we love the brethren. l. 6. c. 12. §. 3.
- 4. 19. We love him, because he first loved us. l. 6. c, 12. §. 5.
- 5. 1. Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is borne of God. lib. 6. cap. 2. §. 9.
- 5. 3. And his Commandments are not grievous. l. 7. c. 6. §. 8.
-
The Revelation.
- 7. 14, 15. These are they that came out of great tribulation—therefore are they before the throne of God. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 16.
- 19. 8. The fine linen is the righteousness of Saints. lib. 2. c. 2. §. 5.
- 22. 11. He that is righteous, let him be righteous still. l. 2. c. 4. §. 5. &c. 5. §. 10. l. 7. c. 8. §. 23.
- 22. 12. I come quickly and my reward is with me, to give to every man as his work shall be.
A Table of things contained in this Treatise of Justification.
-
A
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-
Abraham.
- THough he abounded with good works yet he was justified by faith without works. lib. 4. cap 8. §. 15. lib. 7. cap. 3. §. 2, 3. & •… . ad 8.
- As be was justified, so are we, lib. 5. cap. 2. §. 6.
-
-
Adam.
- Whether his sin be imputed. lib. 4. cap. 10. §. 1, 2.
- Whether original sin be traduced from •… im. l. 4. c. 10. §. 3.
- Whether the transgression and the corruption be communicated after the same manner ibid. §. 4.
- The comparison between the first and the second Adam. ibid. §. 5.
-
-
Adoption.
- That it is true. lib. 4. cap. 10. §. 18.
- Such as is our adoption; such is our justification. ibid. §. 19.
- Adoption according to Bellarmi •… es 〈◊〉 is twofold, of the soul •… and of the body. ibid. §. 20.
- No real change in adoption, but it is relative and imputative. ibid. §. 21.
-
-
Affiance.
- Whether it be faith. lib. 6. cap. 4. §. 9. 11.
-
-
Assent.
- It being fir •… e lively and effectual is faith. l. 6. c. 1. 2. §. &c. 4. §. 10.
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B
-
-
Bellarmine.
- His contradictions. l. 3. c. 4. §. 3. •… . 3. l. 4. c. 2. § 5. ad literam o l. 4. c. 9. §. 7. l. 4. c. 10. § 1 2. l 5. c. 6. §. 7. l. 5 c. 8. §. 2. in fine. l. 6. c. 3. §. 7. •… . 6. c. 8. §. 7. •… . 4. l. 6. c 9. sub finem, ad literam *. l. 6. c. 10. §. 11 l. 6. c. 15. §. 10. l. 8. c. 2. §. 11. l. 8. c. 9. §. 3. •… . 2. & § 4.
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C
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Causal particles.
- Not always nor for the most part notes of causes. l. 8. c. 5. §. 14. 16. 17.
-
-
Cause.
- The Causes of justification. l. 1. c. 2.
- The Causes efficient; principal, God. l. 1. c. 2. §. 1.
- The Father, §. 4. the Son, the holy Ghost. ibid.
- The moving Causes. l. 1. c. 2. §. 2.
- The instrumental Causes lib. 1. c. 2. §. 5. &c.
- The essential Causes. l. 1. c. 3.
- The matter. lib. 1. cap. 3. 1, &c. ad 7. & l. 4.
- The form. lib. 1. cap. 3. §. 7, &c. & l. 5.
- The final cause. lib. 1. cap. 6. §. 1, 2, 3, 4.
-
-
Charity.
- That it doth not justify as well as faith. l. 4. c. 11. §. 2, &c.
- That it is not the form of •… aith. lib. 4. cap. 11. §. 5.
- Whether perfect in this life. l. 5. cap. 7.
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-
CHRIST.
- The mericorious cause of justification. l. 1. •… . 2. §. 4.
- Whether he obeyed the Law for himself or for us. l. 1. c. 4. §. 10.
- Whether he merited for himself. lib. 1. c. 4. §. 11.
- Christ's exaltation, Phil. 2. 9. was his declaration to be the Son of God, lib. 1. c. 4. §. 11. 12.
- How many ways he is said to justify us. lib. 2. c 5. §. 8.
- The righteousness of Christ is God's righteousness. l. 4. c. 2 §. 2, 3, 4.
- Christ's right •… ousnesse the materi •… ll cause of justification. l. 1. c. 3, & 4. vide Material, and Matter.
- Christ's righteousness both the matter and merit of our justification. lib. 1. cap. 3. §. 1.
-
-
Concupiscence.
- In the regenerate a sin. lib. 2. cap. 8. §. 7 8. 9. lib. 4. cap. 4. §. 12. lib. 7. cap. 6. §. 14.
- Concupiscence going before, consent a finnenne. lib. 2. c. 8, 9.
-
-
Counsels.
- The Counsel of voluntary poverty, l. 7. c. 7. §. 4.
- The counsel of single life. lib. 7. cap. 7. §. 5, 6.
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D
-
-
David.
- Not justified by inherent righteousness. lib. 4. c. 8. §. 15.
-
-
Definition.
- Of Justification. lib. 1. cap. 1. §. 2.
-
-
.
- The signification of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 lib. 2. cap. 2. §. 1, 2.
- The signification of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 §. 3.
- The signification of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 §. 4.
- The signification of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 §. 5.
- The signification of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 §. 6.
-
-
Dispositions.
- Seven, alleged by Bellarmine to disprove justification by faith alone. lib. 6. cap. 10 11, 12.
- Whether any dispositio •… s be indeed required by the Papists. lib. 6. c. 10. §. 4.
- Whether faith, hope, love, as they be dispositions, be graces. lib. 6. cap. 12. §. 6, 7.
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E
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Efficient.
- The efficient, principal of justification, God. lib. 1. c. 2. §. 1.
- The motives; grace and justice. ib. §. 2.
- The actions of the Father, the Son, the holy Ghost distingu •… shed. ibid. §. 4.
-
-
End.
- The end or fi •… ll cause of justification, both supreme, the glory of God. lib. 1. c. 6. §. 1. and also subordinate, viz. salvation. §. 2. certainty of salvation. §. 2. sanctification. §. 4.
-
-
.
- How to be understood. Gal. 5. 6. l. 4. c. 11. §. 3. & 4.
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F
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Faith.
- The instrument on o •… r 〈◊〉 of justification. lib. 1. cap. 2. §. 7. Concerning it seven things considered.
- 1. Th •… it justifieth not as it is an habit or act in us, but as the hand to receive Christ's righteousness. ibid. lib. 1. cap. 5. §. 12.
- 2. It must therefore be such a faith as doth specially apprehend Christ. lib. 1. cap. 2. §. 8.
- 3. It doth not prepare only and dispose to justification, but it doth actually justify. §. 9. l. 6. c. 7. §. 1, 2.
- 4. It doth not iustifi •… absolutely in respect of its own •… worth, but relatively in respect of the object. §. 10.
- 5. The meaning of the question, whether we be justified by faith or by works. §. 11.
- 6. How faith is said to justify alone. §. 12.
- 7. That faith doth not sanctify alone. §. 12.
- Whether the act of faith properly be imputed •… torighteousnesse. l. 1. cap. 2. §. 7. & cap. 5. §. 12.
- That charity is not the form •… of faith. l. 4. cap. 11. §. 5.
- Of the distinction of saith, that it is either formata or informis. §. 6.
- That faith is perfect Bellarmine produceth six reasons which are answered. l. 5. c. 6.
- The full discourse of faith. l. 6.
- The Popish 〈◊〉 concerning faith: l. 6. c. 1. §. 1.
- What faith is. cap. 1. §. 2.
- That it is not without knowledge. §. 3. against implicit faith. lib. 6. cap. 1. §. 3. &c.
- The doctrine of implicit faith both falls •… for many reasons. §. 4. and absurd in that they say it may better be defined by ignorance than by knowledge. §. 5.
- Bellarm. allegations out of the Scriptures for implicit faith. §. 6, of Fathers. §. 7. Testimonies of Fathers against it. §. 13.
- Bellarmine's reason. §. 14.
- The doctrine of implicit faith wicked, as being an egregious cooz •… nage. §. 15, 16, 17. and pernicious to the people. §. 18.
- True justifying •… aith cannot be severed from charity. lib. 6. cap. 2.
- Our reasons.
- I. Because he that hath true faith is regenerate. §. 1.
- II. Because he hath the Spirit of Christ dwelling in him. §. 2.
- III. Because he is sanctified. •… . 3.
- IV. Because he is the true Disciple of Christ. §. 4.
- V. Because true faith worketh by charity. ibid.
- VI. Because true faith is formata. ibid.
- VII. Because if it be without charity it doth not justify.
- VIII. Because they who love not, know not God. ibid.
- 7. Other arguments out of James 2. §. 5.
- 6. Other arguments defended against Bellarmine. §. 6. &c.
- Testimonies of Fathers. lib. 6. cap. 2. §. 12.
- Bellarmine's proofs that true •… aith may be severed from charity. lib. 6. cap. 3.
- The first o •… t of John. 12. 42, 43. §. 1.
- The second out of 1 Cor. 13. 2. §. 2, 3. 4.
- The third out of I am. 2. 14. §. 5.
- The fourth because in the Church there are both good and bad. §. 6.
- The fifth from the •… ature of faith and charity. §. 7, 8, 9.
- The sixth from an absurdity. §. 10.
- The seventh Testimonies of Fathers. §. 11.
- Whether justifying faith may be without special apprehension of Christ. lib. 6. c. 4.
- No justifying faith but that which layeth hold on Christ. §. 1.
- To bele •… ve in Christ is to receive and embrace him. §. 2.
- Two degrees of faith, the former specially apprehending the other actually applying Christ. §. 3.
- Of the former degree. §. 4.
- Of the latter. §. 5.
- The necessity of this special apprehension to iustifio •… tion. §. 6, 7.
- The Popish objections against special faith. lib. 6. cap. 4. §. 8.
- Their objections concerning fiducia affiance. §. 9.
- By alively assent men believe in Christ. §. 10.
- That affiance is not faith. §. 11.
- The subject of faith. lib. 6. cap. 5. vid. subject.
- The object of faith. lib. 6. cap. 6. vid. object.
- Of the actor effect of faith, which is to justify.
- First, whether indeed it d •… th justify or only dispose to justification. lib. 6. cap. 7. §. 1, 2.
- Secondly, whether faith doth justify formally. §. 3.
- The Papists cavil that we debase faith. §. 4. which themselves have 〈◊〉 . §. 5.
- Thirdly, whether faith doth justify alone. lib. 6. cap. 8. the state of the •… troversie. §. 1.
- The explanation of the three terms,
- Fides. ibid.
- Iustificat. §. 2.
- Sola. §. 3, 4 5.
- Our proofs. §. 6.
- Testimonies of Scripture. §. 7.
- Reasons. §. 8, 9. 10, 11.
- Testimonies of Fathers and other •… ters in all ages. lib. 6. cap. 9.
- Bellarmine's arguments that faith d •… th not justify aloue. lib. 6. cap. 10.
- This question he disputeth three ways, ail which are impertinent. §. 1, 2.
- The first, that it doth not justify alone by way of disposing, which be proveth by five principal arguments: the first, because there are seven dispositions whereof faith is one, which discourse of the seven dispositions is idle and impertinent. lib. 6. cap. 10. §. 3.
- Whether any preparative dispositions be indeed required §. 4.
- Of the first disposition which is faith. lib. 6. cap. 10. §. 5.
- His argument, because it but beginneth justification and therefore d •… th not inst •… fie alone. § 6.
- His first proof Heb. 11. 6. §. 7.
- His second Rom. 10. 13 14 §. 8.
- His third John. 1. 12. §. 9.
- Testimonies o •… Fathers that faith is the beginning. §. 10.
- His reasons. §. 11.
- Of fear the second disposition lib. 6. cap. 11. §. 1, 2. ad 6.
- Of hope the third disposition. lib. c. 11. §. 6. &c.
- Of love the fourth. lib. 6. cap. 12. 1 2. &c. ad 9.
- Of 〈◊〉 the fifth. lib. 5. cap. 12. §. 9. 10.
- The sixth disposition a purpose and desire to receive the Sacrament. lib. 6. c. 12. §. 11.
- The seventh a purpose of a new life. lib. 6. cap. 12. §. 12.
- His second principal argument, because faith being alone and severed from charity and other graces cannot 〈◊〉 . lib. 6. cap. 13.
- His third principal argument from the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the causes which may be given why faith doth justify alone. lib. 6. cap. 14. which are •… hree.
- First, authority of Scriptures. § •… , 3, 4.
- Secondly, •… he will and pleasure of God. §. 5.
- Thirdly, because it is the property of faith alone to receive Christ. §. 6. that is to 〈◊〉 and to apply him. §. 7. 8.
- His •… ourth principal 〈◊〉 from the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 faith d •… th 〈◊〉 . lib. 6. cap. 15.
- I. Because it justifieth as a caus •… . •… . •… . &c. ad 7.
- II. As the beginning of righteousness. §. 7, 8, 9.
- III. As the merit. §. 10. &c. ad finem capitis.
- His fifth principal argument from two principles, viz. first from the formal cause of justification. Lib. 6. cap. 15. §. 17. Secondly, from the •… ecessity o •… good works, for if faith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 〈◊〉 would 〈◊〉 alone. lib. 7. 〈◊〉 . 5. §. 1, 2.
- That good works are necessary by way of efficiency. §. 3.
- Whether faith doth save alone. lib. 7. cap 5. §. 15.
- Bellarmine's reasons to the contrary. §. 16.
-
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Fear.
- The second disposition i •… justification according to the council of Trent. lib. 6. cap. 11.
- The final cause of justification see End.
-
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Form.
- The formal cause of justification, the imputation of Christ's righteousness. l. 1. cap. 3. §. 1. 7. lib. 5. per totum.
- Private opinions of some Divines concerning the form of justification. lib. 1. cap. 5.
- Their depravation of our assertion as if we held that we are formally just by Christ's righteousness. lib. 1. cap. 5. §. 2.
- Their errors. §. 3.
- The private opinio •… s concerning the matter and the form of justification very dangerous. lib. 1. cap. 5. §. 13, 14.
-
G
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-
God.
- The principal cause of justification. lib. 1. cap. 2. §. 1. &c.
- The righteousness of God by which we are justified, is the main doctrine of the Gospel. lib. 1. cap. 1. §. 1.
- It is called the righteousness of God, because it is the righteousness of Christ who is God. lib. 4. cap. 2, 3, 4.
-
-
Gospel.
- The difference between the Law and the Gospel. lib. 7. cap. 4. §. 3.
- The acceptions of the words Law and Gospel either more large or more st •… ict. §. 3, 4.
- Bellarmine's disproof of the difference by u •… given. §. 5.
- Because in the Gospel is contained the Doctrine of good works. ibid.
- Whether the promise of salvation made to our obedience doth prove the merit of good works.
- Eternalll life promised in three respects.
- First, as a free gift. lib. 7. cap. 4. §. 6.
- Secondly, as our inheritance. §. 7.
- Thirdly, as a free reward. §. 8.
- The Example of God's dealing with Abraham. §. 9.
- Though eternal life be the reward of our obedience, yet it is not merited by it. §. 10.
- Some places of Scriptures which the Papists understand of causes are to be understood as notes. §. 11.
- Or evidences. §. 12.
- Three other answers. §. 13.
- Testimonies wherein upon condition of obedience eternal life is promised in the Gospel alleged by Bellarmine. §. 14.
- The I. Matth. 5. 20. lib. 7. cap. 4. §. 14.
- II. Matth. 19. 17. §. 15.
- III. Testimonies out of the Apostles. §. 16.
- IV. Out of the Prophets. Ezek. 18. 21. §. 17.
- V. From the condition of faith. §. 18.
- Bellarmine's second argument from the differences between the Law and the Gospel. §. 19.
- Eight differences between the Law and the Gospel assigned by Bellarmine. §. 19. 20.
-
-
Grace.
- The moving cause of justification. l. 1. cap. 2. §. 2.
- What is meant by the word Grace lib. 3.
- The Papists by the grace of God by which we are justified understand the habit of grace inherent in us. lib. 3. cap. 1. §. 1.
- The divers acceptions of the word Grace. §. 3.
- The distinction of Grace. §. 3.
- The state of the question concerning Grace. §. 4.
- That by •… ustifying grace is meant the gracious favor of God in Christ. lib. 3. cap. 2.
- Our proofs, I. from the use of the word in the Scriptures. lib. 3. cap. 2 §. 1.
- II. Because it is Gratia gratum saciens. §. 2.
- 〈1 page duplicate〉 〈1 page duplicate〉 By it the faithful are 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and chasidim. §. 3.
- III. By the gracious favor of God in Christ, we were elected, called, &c. §. 4.
- Object. 1. The grace of election is eternal, the rest temporary. §. 5.
- Object. 2. By inherent grace w •… 〈◊〉 sanctified. §. 6.
- Object. 3. Faith a grace inherent. §. 7.
- IV. Gratia gratum faciens expressed in the Scriptures by other words which betoken savor. §. 8.
- V. Because grace is opposed to works. §. 9.
- VI. Charity is not the i •… stifying Grace. §. 10.
- VII. Plain testimonies of Scripture that grace signifieth favor. §. 11.
- Confessi •… n of Papists. §. 12.
- Bellarmine's first allegation of Rom. 3. 24. for inherent grace proved to mak •… against it. lib. 3. cap. 3.
- His pr •… ofes from thence disproved. l. 3. cap. 4.
- I. From the word Gratis. lib. 3. cap. 4. §. 2.
- II. From the praposition per. §. 3.
- III. Because the favor of God is not in vain. §. 4.
- IV. From the Attributes given to grace.
- As first, that it is a gift. §. 5.
- Secondly, a gift which we receive. §. 6.
- Thirdly, a gift given by Christ. •… . 7. y •… a made by Christ. §. 8.
- Fourthly, that it is given by measure from Christ. §. 9.
- Fifthly, it is compared to essence. §. 10.
- Sixthly, It is compared to light. •… . 11.
- His second allegation out of Rom. 5. 5. answered. lib. 3. cap. 5.
- How the word Grace is used in the Fathers and how in the latter writers. lib. 3. cap. 6.
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H
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Hebrew.
- The Hebrew word hitsdiq▪ which is to justify, never signifieth to justify by inherent righteousness. lib. 2. cap. 1. §. 4. &c.
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Hope.
- Bellarmine's third disposition to justification. lib. 6. cap. 11. §. 6.
- Hope, whether perfect. lib. 5. cap. 6. §. 7.
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I
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Image of Christ.
- How borne by the faithful, and whether in respect of i •… ification. l. 4. cap. 10. §. 13, 14, 15▪ 16.
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Implicite Faith.
- Confuted and condemned. lib. 6. cap. 1.▪ §. 3. &c. ad finem capitis.
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Imputation of Christ's righteousness.
- The formal cause of i •… stification. l. 1. cap. 3. §. 7.
- Imp •… tation of Christ's satisfaction confessed by Papists. §. 8.
- Imputation of Christ's righteeusnesse denied by some others b •… sides Papists. §. 9.
- Their reason, that then we are Redeemers. ibid.
- Imputation of Christ's righteousness proved obiter, by two reasons. §. 10. The private opinion of some concerning imputation. lib. 1. cap. 5.
- That Christ's righteo •… snesse it self is imputed. lib. 1. cap. 5. §. 7.
- Whether we fulfilled the Law in Christ. §. 8, 9, 10, 11.
- The necessity of imputation. lib. 1. c. 5. §. 13, 14.
- The full discourse concerning imputation of Christ's righteousness. lib. 5. per totum.
- That we are justified by imputation of Christ's righteousness proved by five arguments. lib. 5. cap. 1.
- Proved by eight arguments. cap. 2.
- By two other arguments. cap. 3.
- By testimonies of writers both old and new. lib. 5. cap. 4.
- The objections of the Papists against imputation. lib. 5. cap. 5.
- I. Against the name that it is new. §. 1.
- II. That it is putatitia. §. 2.
- III. That it is no whore to be found. §. 3.
- IV. That it it is needless. §. 4. Both because remission is an utter deletion of sin. §. 5. and also because the righteousness 〈◊〉 is perfect. lib. 5. cap. 6. & 7.
- V. That we are not formally just by it. lib. 5. cap. 8. §. 1. Bellarmine's confession that if we did not hold that we are formally justified by it, our doctrine were true. §. 2.
- VI. That we should be as righteous as Christ. §. 3.
- VII. That we did not loose in Adam imputed righteousness. §. 4. that if by imputation we are just, then Christ a sinner. §. 5. but as Christ notwithstanding the imputation of our sin, was just, so we sinners. §. 6. That after justification we are called just, and how. §. 7.
- IX. The Spouse of Christ beautiful in her self. §. 8▪ 9.
- X. Because the heart must be pure before we can see God, and because Christ redeemed 〈◊〉 that we might be sanctified. §. 10.
- Instrumentali causes of justification. l. 1. c. 2. §. 5.
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Justice.
- The justice of God a moving cause of justification. l. 1. c. 2. §. 3.
- The justice of God distinguished. l. 8. c. 5. §. 19.
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Justify.
- To justify, what it is. lib. 1. cap. 1. §. 2.
- To justify is not to make righteous by righteousness inherent. Lib. 2. cap. 1. §. 3.
- The signification of the Hebrew word. §. 4. &c. & cap. 5. §. 5. Of the Gre 〈◊〉 l. 2. •… 2.
- The same prov •… d first by other terms. §. 7.
- Secondly, because the whole process of justification is judicial. §. 8.
- Justifying opp •… sed to condemning. l. 2. c. 5. §. 2. & cap. 6. §. 1.
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Justification.
- The excellency of this argument. l. 1. c. 1. §. 1.
- The definition of justification. lib. 1. c. 1. §. 2.
- The signification of the word. ibid.
- Justification considered as an action of God. §. 3.
- As an action of God without us. §. 4.
- But accompanied with those that are wrought within us. §. 5.
- It is an act continued. §. 6.
- Whether it b •… e wrought but once and at once. §. 7.
- The Papists confuted, who deny it either to be an action of God, or without us, or continued. §. 8.
- The causes of justification, the efficients. l. 1. c. 2.
- The essential causes, viz. the matter and form. lib. 1. c. 3. the matter Christ's righteousness. §. 2, 3, 4, 5.
- Private opinions concerning the matter. l. 1. c. 4. vid. Material.
- The form, the imputation of Christ's righteousness. c. 3. §. 6. &c.
- Private opinions concerning the form. cap. 5.
- The end. l. 1. c. 6. §. 1, 2, 3, 4.
- The parts, absolution from sin, and acceptation as righteous in Christ. •… ib. 1. cap. 6. §. 5.
- Redemption, reconciliation, and adoption comprised under justification. §. 6.
- The consequents and sruits of justification. §. 7.
- The heads of the controversy concerning justification. l. 2. c. 1. §. 1.
- The first concerning the name whether justification and sanctification are to be confounded. The Papists confounding them ground their error upon the Latin word. §. 2, 3.
- The Hebrew word signifying to instifie never importeth making righteous by infusion of righteousness. lib. 2. cap. 1. §. 4. &c ad finem capitis.
- The use of the Greek words signifying to justify or justification, never importing righteousness inherent. lib. 2. cap. 2.
- Four significations of the word justification alleged by Bellarmine.
- I. That it signifieth the Law. lib. 2. cap. 3. §. 1. 2.
- II. Acquisition of righteousness. §. 3. 4, 5, 6.
- III. Increase of justice. lib. 2. cap. 4. §. 1. 2, 3, 4, 5.
- IV. Declaration of justice. l. 2. c. 4. §. 6.
- Bellarmine's proofs that justification signifieth making righteous by inherent righteousness. lib. 2. cap. 5.
- Four arguments of Calvin and Chemnitz, defended against Bellarm.
- The first, because justifying is opposed to condemning. lib. 2. cap. 5. §. 2. 3, 4.
- Secondly, that as the hebrew so the Greek signifieth. §. 5. Bellarmine's proofs that the hebrew word signifieth to make just by infusion of righteousness inherent, §. 6. 7, 8, 9, 10.
- The third and fourth concerning the latin word iustificare. §. II.
- The use of the latin word in the Fathers. §. 12.
- The manifold differences betwixt instification and sanctification. Litb. 2. cap. 6.
- Their confounding of justification and sanctification is the ground both of the Papists calumniations against us. lib. 2. cap. 6. §. 19. and of their errors in the doctrine of justification, which are pernicious §. 20. 21, 22.
- The Papists from justification exclude remission of sin. lib. 2. cap. 7. §. 1. 2. vid. remission.
- The popish distinction of justification into the first and second. lib. 1. cap. 1. §. 8. lib. 3. cap. 6. §. 5. lib. 7. cap. 3. §. 4. 5. cap. 8. §. 4.
- Men are said to be justified either before God in foro coelesti, which properly is justification, or in the court of their own conscience which is the assurance of justification. lib. 1. cap. 1. §. 7. lib. 2. c. 2. §. 8.
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L
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Law.
- Law of faith and the Law of works. lib. 7. cap. 2. §. 6. 7.
- The difference between the Law and the Gospel. See Gospel.
- Whether the faithful do or can fulfill the Law. lib. 7. cap. 6. §. 3.
- The Law not possible by reason of the flesh. lib. 4. cap. 5. §. 3, &c. ad finem capitis.
- Bellarmine's proofs that the Law is absolutely possible. lib. 4. cap. 5. §. 5. lib. 7. cap. 6. §. 4.
- First, by Sciptures; testimonies of three sorts.
- I. That the Law is easy. lib. 7. cap. 6. §. 4. 7, 6, 7, 8.
- II. That the law is kept by love lib. 7. cap. 6. § 9. 10, 11 12.
- III. Examples of them that have fulfilled the law. §. 13. 14, 15. just, that they kept the law with a perfect heart and with their whole heart. §. 15. 16.
- Secondly, by fathers. §. 17. The difference between the Pelagians and Papists not great. §. 18.
- His testimonies examined. §. 19. 20, 21.
- That the Fathers did not mean that the law is absolutely possible, §. 22.
- Bellarmine's paradox, that a man may fulfill the law, though he cannot live without sin. §. 23.
- Testimonies of Fathers that the fulfilling of the law is not possible to us. §. 24.
- Six •… reasons to the same effect. lib. 4. cap. 5. §. 6, &c.
- Bellarmine's six reasons, answered. lib.. 7. cap. 7.
- I. Because a man may do more than is commanded. §. 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- II. If the precepts were not possible they would bind no man. lib. 7. cap. 7. §. 7. 8.
- III. Then God should be cruel, &c. §. 9.
- IV. Then Christ •… isseth of his end. §. 10. 11, 12.
- V. They who have the Spirit fulfill the law. §. 13.
- VI. Because they sin not. §. 14, 15.
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Liberty.
- Christian liberty. lib. 7. cap. 4. §. 23.
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Life eternal.
- Life eternal considered by Bellarmine as an inheritance, and so due to due to the person by right of adoption; and as a reward and so due to works. lib. 8. cap. 9. §. 3.
- Eternal life promised in three respects. lib. 7. cap. 4. §. 6. 7, 8. lib. 8. cap. 9. §. 3.
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Love.
- Bellarmine's fourth disposition to justification. lib. 6. cap. 12.
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M
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Matoriall.
- The material cause of justification, Christ's righteousness. lib. 1. cap. 3. Whether Christ's passive righteousness only. lib. 1. cap. 4. Which is denied.
- I. Because by it alone the Law is not fulfilled. §. 2, 3. and that is defended against divers exceptions. 4. 5. 6 7.
- II. Because by Adams disobedience imputed to us we were made sinners. §. 8.
- III. Because Christ's obedience is accepted for us. § 9. that Christ obeyed the Law for us. §. 10. that he did not merit for himself. §. 11.
- Object. If Christ obeyed the Law for us then we need not. §. 13.
- Object. 2. If we be justified by the obedience of Christ why needed he to die for us. §. 14.
- IV. To what end served Christ's obedience if we be justified only by his sufferings. §. 15.
- V. Because there are two distinct parts of justification. §. 16.
- Object. Then two formal causes of justification. §. 17. That instification doth not consist only in remission of sin §. 18.
- Object. Remission is as well of the sins of omission, as of commission §. 19.
- Object. By it we are made innocent. §. 20. Three arguments of I. P. §. 21. the arguments of I. F. §. 22. 23.
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Matter of justification. lib. 4.
- The state of the controversy between us and the Papists concerning it. lib. 4. cap. 1. §. 1.
- It is the principal question in the whole controversy of justification whereon therest depend. lib. 4. cap. 1. §. 2. and is proved by the rest. §. 3.
- That we are justified by Christ's righteousness and not by inherent: proved first jointly. lib. 4. cap. 1. § 4.
- I. Because we are justified by God's righteousuesse and not by ours. lib. 4. cap. 2 Christ's righteousness is God's righteousness. §. 2. 3. 4. inherent is ous. §. 5. the several parts of inherent righteousness are called ours. §. 6..
- II. Because by Christ's righteousness we stand just before God, and not by ours. §. 7.
- III. Because Christ's righteousness is perfect; and so is not ours. §. 8. that the righteousness of all mortal men is imperfect, because are at sinners proved by seven reasons. §. 9.
- The question concerning the imperfection of man's inherent righteousness further discussed. cap. 3. & 4. See righteousness inherent.
- IV. We are justified by that righteousness by which the Law is fully satisfied lib. 4. cap. 5. The righteousness of Christ hathfully satisfied the Law. §. 2. Our righteousness cannot satisfy the law. §. 3. 4.
- Bellarmine's reasons that the law may be fulfilled. §. 5.
- V. Because by the righteousness of Christ and not by ours, we are absolved, redeemed reconciled and saved. lib. 4. c. 6.
- VI. Because we are justified by the righteousness of faith and not of works. lib. 4. cap. 7. §. 1.
- VII. The righteousness by which we are justified is not prescribed in the Law. §. 2.
- VIII. The righteousness whereby we are justified satisfieth the justice of God. §. 3.
- IX. Because no man is justified without remission of sin. §. 4.
- X. The true doctrine of justification ministereth comfort. §. 5.
- XI. From experience. lib. 4. cap. 7. §. 6.
- Severally: that we are not justified by inherent righteousness, proved by fourteen arguments.
- I. Because it is prescribed in the Law. lib. 4. cap. 8. §. 1. 2, 3, 4.
- II. Because that doctrine confoundeth the Law and the Gospel and maketh void the covena •… t of grace. §. 5.
- III. It depriveth men of the chief part of Christian liberty. §. 6.
- IV. Because all men are sinners. §. 7.
- V. Because all me •… 〈◊〉 by 〈◊〉 Law a •… cursed. §. 8.
- VI. Because none do fulfill the Law. §. 9.
- VII. Because no man is justified by his own fulfilling of the law. Ibid.
- VIII. Not both by faith and by works lib. 4. cap. 8. §. 10.
- IX. The righteousness by which 〈◊〉 are justified is imputative. §. 11.
- X. The true doctrine taketh away boasting. §. 12.
- XI. The popish doctrine maketh the promise of none effect. §. 13.
- XII. Because remission of si •… ne is a part of instification, which affordeth three arguments. §. 14.
- XIII. From the examples of Abraham, David and Paul. §. 15.
- XIV. Because we are all justified by the obedience of one. §. 16.
- Our assertion, that we are justified by Christ's righteousness proved by five arguments. lib. 6. cap. 9.
- I. Because God accepteth of Christ's righteousness in our behalf. §. 1.
- II. Because it alo •… e is of infinite valow. §. 2.
- III. Because our righteousness is in Christ, and we are righteous in him, and he is our righteousness. §. 3.
- Bellarmine's objection. First, that Christ is called our righteousness because he is the author of it. §. 4.
- Righteousness. 1 Cor. 1. 30. to be distinguished from sanctification. §. 5.
- Bellarmine's second objection, Christ is called our righteousness because he satisfied for us. §. 6.
- Bellarmine's confession overthroweth the popish doctrine of i •… stification. §. 7.
- IV. Because we are justified by the blood of Christ, and by his obedience §. 8.
- V. Because by Christ's righteousness our sins are covered. §. 9.
- Bellarmine's two answers refuted. lib. 6. cap. 9. §. 10. 11, 12.
- Bellarmine's eight allegations to prove justification by inherent righteousness, answered. lib. 4. cap. 10.
- The 1. out of Rom. 5. 17. 18, 19. §. 1. &c. ad 7.
- II. and III. Rom. 3. 24. and 1. Cor. 6. 11. §. 7.
- IV. Tit. 3. 5, 6, 7. §. 8.
- V. Those plaoes which speak of men just. §. 9. and perfect. §. 10. 11.
- VI. Rom. 8. 29. cum 1 Cor. 15. 49. §. 12. 13, 14. 15, 16.
- VII. Rom. 6. 4, 6. §. 17.
- VIII. Rom. 8. 15. cum v. 10. & 23. §. 18. 19, 20.
- Bellarmine's oblique and indirect proofs for inherent righteousness.
- First, because faith is not the entire formal 〈◊〉 of justification. lib. 4. c. 11. Whether charity doth concur with faith unto justification. §. 2, &c. ad finem capitis.
- Secondly, because justification doth consist in renovation and not only in remission of sins. lib. 4. cap. 12. for proof whereof he produceth.
- I. Six allegations of Scripture. §. 1, &c. ad 9.
- II. The Testimony of Augustine. §. 9.
- III. Three reasons. §. 10. 11, 12, 13.
- IV. Testimonies of Fathers. §. 14.
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Merit. lib. 8.
- The contr •… versie of merit is in a manner the same with that of the necessity of efficiency of works. lib. 8. cap. 1. §. 1.
- The state of the controversy. l. 8. c. 1. §. 23.
- Merit ex congruo or ex solo pacto, not truly and properly merit. lib. 8. cap. 1 §. 3.
- Of the word merlt. §. 4.
- The use of the word in the lati •… e Fathers. §. 5.
- The verb mereri used sometimes in the general sense of obtaining, or finding favor. ibid.
- Sometimes in a more special sense.
- First, Of impetrating by request. §. 6. Secondly, Of doing a rewardable work. ibid. n. 2.
- Of the noun meritum. lib. 8. cap. 1. §. 7.
- Of the thing it self, what m •… rit is. §. 8.
- Arguments against merits taken from the conditions of merits.
- And 1. In respect of the parties God and man. lib. 8. cap. 1. §. 9. God. §. 9. 10. Man. §. 11.
- II. In respect of the thing meriting. §. 12. it must be our own. ibid. it mus •… be free. §. 13. it must be pure & perf •… t. §. 14.
- III. Inrespect of the thing meritod that is the reward. §. 15.
- IV. In respect of the rule whereby the reward is to be rendered. §. 16.
- All these conditions of merit are found in the obedience of Christ. ibid.
- Testimonies of Scripture disproving morits. lib. 8. cap. 2.
- I. Those which ascribe the reward to God's mercy and not to our merit •… . §. 1. 2, 3.
- II. Esa. 55. 1. Dan. 9. 18. §. 4.
- III. Luk. 17. 7, 8. 9, 10. §. 5. &c. ad 9. 4. expositions of the Fathers brought by Bellarmine. §. 9. &c.
- IV. Rom. 6. 23. §. 13, &c.
- V. Rom. 8. 18. §. 18.
- VI. Three places all •… ged▪ Pbil. 3. 8, 9. Eph. 2. 8, 9. Tit. 3 5, 7. §. 22.
- A new supply of arguments. lib. 8. cap. 3.
- I. Thopopish doctrine of merit doth not take away boasting. §. 1.
- II. It derogateth from the merit of Christ. §. 2. The exceptions of the Papists.
- 1. Bellarmine's •… re 〈◊〉 . §. 3. 4, 4, 6, 7.
- 2. That they derogate no more than we. §. 8.
- 3. That we extennate Christ's merit, in denying our 〈◊〉 . §. 9.
- III. We cannot merit temporal blessings at the hands of God, much less eternal bliss. §. 10.
- IV. Because we come to heaven by right of adoption. §. 11.
- V. Because works are not the causes of salvation. §. 12.
- VI. Because we cannot sully do our duty, and much less merit. §. 13.
- VII. Because we are not saved by works. ibid.
- VIII. The land of 〈◊〉 a land of promise and not merited. ibid.
- Testimonies of fathers against merits. lib. 8. cap. 4. First, those which Bellarmine hath endeavored to answer. §. 1, &c. ad 8. Then others which the Irish lesuite sought to answer. §. 8. &c.
- Bellarmine's dispute, first, concerning the name Merit, which he would prove to be grounded on the Scriptures. lib. 8. cap. 5.
- 1. Out of Eccl. 16. 14. §. 1.
- 2. Out of Heb. 13. 16.
- 3. From the word •… Dignity and Reward. §. 3.
- 2. Concerning the thing, which he would prove first, by testimonies of Scriptures which be reduceth to seven heads.
- First, those where eternal life is called merces. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 4. 5. specially the parable of the laborers in the Ui •… e-yard. Matth. 20. 1. &c. ad 16. §. 6. 7.
- Bellarmine's cavils against. Melancthon and Calvin, answered. §. 8.
- Maldonats exposition. §. •… .
- 2. From those places where the reward is said to be given according to the measure and proportion of the works. l. 8. cap. 5. §. 10. 11.
- Bellarmine's •… vill at our answers §. 12.
- The places of Scripture 〈◊〉 and answered. §. 13.
- 3. From those which place the reason of the reward in works. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 14.
- The places of Scriptures examined. l. 8. c. 5. §. 15. that good works be causes of salvation Bellarmine proveth by the causal particles. §. 16, 17.
- 4. From those where the reward is said to be rendered in justice. lib. 8. cap. 5. §. 18.
- God's justice distinguished none proving merit. §. 19. 20.
- 5. From those pl •… ces where eternal life is promised to good works, lib. 8. c. 5. §. 21.
- 6. From those places where •… ention is made of dignity or worthiness, l. 8. c. 5. §. 22.
- 7. Because God is a righteous Judge. §. 23.
- Bellarmine's corollary, that those who deny merits, deny the future judgment. §. 24.
- Two Testimonies of Fathers alleged for merits answered. l. 8. c. 6. viz. •… ight of the Greek Fathers, §. 2. and eleven of the Latin Fathers. §. 3.
- The authority of four Councils. §. 4.
- Bellarmine's reasons to prove merits. §. 5.
- Other questions concerning merits discussed. l. 8. c. 7. whether trust is to be reposed in merit. §. 2. De intuitu mercedis. §. 3 4 whether it be lawful to do a good work with intent to merit thereby, lib. 8. cap. 7. §. 5.
- The seven conditions required in merit. l. 8. c. 8. whereof three are not contr •… verted. §. 1.
- The fourth, that it be liberum. §. 2.
- Fifthly, that it be the work of a man in state of grace. §. 3.
- Sixthly, that it have the promise of God. §. 4.
- Seventhly, that it proceed from charity. §. 5.
- All these conditions concurring do not make a work meritorious. lib. 8. c. 8. §. 6.
- Bellarmine's dispute that good works are condignly meritorious, non solum ration pacti, but also ration operis, examined. l. 8. c. 9.
- His seven arguments to prove condign merits ration operis, l. 8. c. 9. §. 5. &c.
- What things may be merited. l. 8. c. 9. §. 13.
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N
- Necessity of good works urged by us. l. 7. c. 1. By Bellarmine. c. 4.
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O
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Object of Faith.
- Lib. 6. cap. 6. The proper object of justifying faith, is CHRIST. §. 2.
- The object of Abraham's faith. §. 3, 4, 5.
- Christ the proper object of faith in two respects. §. 6.
- Bellarmine's dispute first, that the object of faith is not special. §. 7.
- By virtue of the justifying faith, all other articles may become the object of special faith. l. 6. c. 6. § 7.
- Whether every man is bound to believe that he is elected, &c. §. 8.
- Secondly, whether a man may be justified without special faith. §. 9.
- Thirdly, whether a man is justified by special faith. l. 6. c. 6. §. 10.
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Osiander.
- His error, that the righteousness of God by which we are justified, is the righteousness of the Godhead dwelling in us. l. 1. c. 3. §. 2.
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P
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Papists.
- They take away justification. l. 1. c. 1. §. 1. l. 2. c. 6. §. 22.
- From justification they exclude remission or forgiveness of sins, lib. 2. cap. 7. §. 2.
- They confound the Law and the Gospel, and make void the covenant of grace. l. 4. c. 8. §. 5.
- They deprive Christians of the chief part of their Christian liberty. §. 6.
- They are fallen from grace. lib. 7. c. 3. §. 9, 10, 11, 12.
- Their main errors in the article of justification. l. 2. c. 1. §. 1.
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Paritie.
- Parity of righteousness. l. 4. c. 13.
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Parts of justification.
- Lib. 1. c. 4. §. 16, 17. c. 6. §. 5.
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Passive righteousness of Christ.
- Whether we be justified by it only. l. 1. cap. 4.
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Paul.
- Not justified by inherent righteousness. l. 4. c. 8. §. 15.
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Pelagians.
- Their errors concerning grace. lib. 3. cap. 6. §. 2.
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Perfect.
- Whether any such. lib. 4. c. 10. §. 10, 11. l. 7. c. 6. §. 15. 16.
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Penitencie.
- Bellarmine's fifth disposition to justification. l. 6. c. 12. §. 9, 10.
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Purpose to receive the Sacrament.
- Bellarmine's sixth disposition to justification. l. 6. c. 12. §. 11.
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Purpose of a new life.
- Bellar. 7th. disposition. l. 6. c. 12. §. 12.
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R.
- Remission of sin is not that only thing wherein justification consisteth. lib. 1. cap. 4. §. 16. 17. 18, 21. n. 3.
- Object. It is as well of the sins of omission, as of commission. lib. 1. cap. 4. §. 19.
- Object. 2. By it men are made innocent, therefore just. §. 20.
- Three arguments of I. P. §. 21. of I. F. §. 22. 23. Some make remission the entire form of justification. lib. 1. cap. 5. §. 1. & 4.
- It is not that righteousness which is imputed. lib. 1. cap. 4. §. 1. cap. 5. §. 5. 6.
- Remission of sin and acceptation as righteous the two parts of justification. lib. 1. cap. 6. §. 5.
- Remission of sin is by the Papists excluded from justification. lib. 2. cap. 7. §. 1. 2.
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Remission of sin is not the utter extinction of it. lib. 2. cap. 7. §. 3. It is as the forgiving of a debt. §. 4. What it signifieth in the Scriptures.
ibid.
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Three questions.
- I. What that is which is remitted. §. 5. whether the Macula. §. 6. 7.
- II. The books out of which God doth wipe or blot our sins. §. 8.
- III. By what act of God are our sins remitted. §. 9. The utter deletion or extinction not granted in this life. §. 10. The guilt and punishment not taken away by infusion of righteousness. §. 11. Remission doth not work a real change. §. 12.
- Absurdities which follow this assertion that remission is the utter extinction of sin. §. 13. and are necessary consequents of their doctrine of justification by inherent righteousness. §. 14. & lib. 5. cap. 5. §. 6. 7, 8.
- Bellarmine's proofs out of the Scripture that remission of sin is the utter abolition of it. lib. 2. cap. 8. those places of Scripture mention either the taking away of sin. §. 2. or the blotting out of sin. §. 3. or the purging of sin. §. 4. or the not being of it. §. 5. or the perfection of righteousness. §. 6.
- Other arguments from the efficacy of Baptism. §. 7. 8. his unanswereable argument out of Rom. 5. 19. answered. lib. 2. c. 8. §. 10.
- See more of this question, lib. 5. cap. 5. §. 6, 7, 8.
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Reward.
- Reward merces is either gratuita, free, or debita, due. l. 8. c. 5. §. 3. 4. 5.
- The reward of eternal life equal, but not of glory. l 4. c. 13. §. 2.
- How far forth good works are rewarded, l. 8. c. 9. §. 12.
- Whether good works may be done with an eye to the reward. l. 8. c. 7. §. 3. 4.
- Whether they may be done with intent to merit. §. 5.
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Righteousness.
- The righteousness of God, a moving cause of justification. l. 1. c. 2. §. 2, 3.
- Righteousness of Christians twofold. l. 1. c. 1. §. 2.
- Bellarmine's distinction of righteousness of the Law, and in, or by it. l. 4. c. 8. §. 2. 3 4. l 7. c. 2. §. 8.
- The righteousness of God is the matter of justification, not the righteousness of the Godhead. lib. 1. c. 3. §. 2. But the righteousness of the Mediator the man CHRIST JESUS. §. 3.
- His whole righteousn •… sse both negative and also possitive. §. 3 4. Which is truly called the righteousness of God. §. 5. The comfort arising out of this doctrine. §: 6.
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Righteousness inherent.
- Not perfect. l. 4. c. 2. §. 8, &c. and c. 3.
- Reasons proving the works of the faithful not to be purely and perfectly good.
- I. Out of Isaiah. 64. 6. Lib. 4. cap. 3. §. 4 &c. ad 11.
- II. Because there is a mixture in them of sin out of, Exod. 28. 36, 38. §. 11. Eccles. 7. 20. §. 12.
- III. The fru •… t is as the tree. §. 13.
- IV. Actions purely good may stand in judge •… meant. §. 14. an instance in prayer. §. 15. Testimonies of Fathers. §. 16.
- Bellarmine's proofs. I. Allegation of Scriptures.
- And I. Job 1. 22. l. 4. c. 4. §. 1, 2.
- II. Psalm. 7. 4, 9. &c. §. 3.
- III. Matth. 6. 22. §. 4.
- IV. 1 Cor. 3. 12. § 5.
- V. I am. 3. 2. §. 6.
- VI. Psalm. 4. 4. Isaiah. 1. 16. John. 5. 14. in which we are exborted not to sin. §. 7.
- VII. From those places which teach that the works of the faithful do please God. §. 8.
- VIII. From these places which absolutely call them good. §. 9.
- Two Testimonies of Fathers. §. 10.
- Three Reasons, I. If good works are impure, then either by reason of concupiscence. l. 4. c. 4. § 12. or for want of charity. §. 13. or because of venial sins concurring. §. 14.
- II. From six absurdities. §. 15, 16.
- By righteousness inherent the Law is not fulfilled. l. 4. c. 5. §. 3. 4. 4. None are able to fulfill the Law, first, because all are transgressors. §. •… .
- Secondly, because none can be justified by it. § 7.
- Thirdly, because none can fulfill the first and the last Commandments. §. 8.
- Fourthly, out of Act. 15. 10. §. 9.
- Fifthly, out of Rom. 7. 18. §. 10.
- Sixthly, Rom. 8. 3 §. 11.
- By righteousness inherent we are not justified: proved by fourteen reasons. l. 4. c. 8. vid. matter of justification.
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Sacraments.
- They are seals of justification. l. •… . c. 2. §. 6. l. 6. c. 14. 8.
- Whether they justify ex opere operato. l. 6. c. 10. §. 3.
- The purpose and desire to receive the Sacrament, Bellarmine's six •… h disposition to justification. l 6. c. 12. §. 7.
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Satisfaction.
- The imputation of Christ's satisfaction acknowledged by the Papists. l. 1. c. 3. §. 8.
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Sanctification.
- Not to be confounded with justification. l. 2. per totum.
- How it is distinguished from justification. l. 2. c. 6.
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Sinners.
- All men are sinners. l. 4. c. 2. §. 9. c. 8. §. 7. l. 5. c. 2. §. 2.
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Subject of faith.
- Viz. the party to whom it belongeth. lib. 6. c. 5. §. 1. and the parts of the soul wherein it is sealed. §. 2. viz. the mind, that is both the understanding and the will, proved by Testimonies. §. 3. 4. 5.
- Whether the •… nderstanding be commanded by the will to believe. lib. 6. c. 5. §. 6.
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Truth.
- The doctrine of justification and Salvation by faith in Christ is called the Truth. lib. 1 cap. 1. §. 1. & lib. 6. cap. 6. §. 2.
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Veniall.
- Whether venial sins do contaminate the good works of the just. lib. 4. cap. 4. §. 14.
- Whether they do •… inder the fulfilling of the Law. l. 7. c. 6. §. 23.
- Whether they be only besides the Law, and not against it. ibid.
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Uprightness.
- It goeth under the name of perfection, and upright men are called perfect. lib. 4. c. 10. §. 10.
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Word.
- The word an instrumental cause of justification. l. 1. c. 2. §. 5.
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Works.
- Good work •… s •… re the fruits and effects, not causes of 〈◊〉 . l. 1. c. 6. §. 7.
- The necessi •… of g •… od works urged of us by better 〈◊〉 than the Popish doctrine doth 〈◊〉 . c. 1.
- In what 〈◊〉 we deny good works to justify. l. 7. c. •… . §. 1.
- That good works do no •… justify men before God prove by all the five 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . l. 7. •… . 2. §. 2. by four other reasons. §. 3.
- 〈◊〉 , th •… se that are justified by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by their own obedience of the Law. §. 4.
- 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it is 〈◊〉 to the Scriptures. §. 5.
- Bellarmine's preamble to his answer, in which he considereth three things first, what is meant by the Law of works and by the Law of faith. lib. 7. cap. 2. §. 6, 7.
- Secondly, the differences between the justice of the Law, and in or by the Law. §. 8.
- Thirdly; what is meant by works which are excluded from justification: whether the works of the Ceremonial Law. §. 9. 10. or also of the moral: and whether all or only those which go before faith. §. 11.
- Bellarmine's proofs that those only 〈◊〉 before or without faith are excluded. l. 7. c. 2. §. 13.
- Bellarmine's dispute concerning the necessity of good works. l. 7. c. 4. his method. §. 1.
- He proveth them necessary not to iu •… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 §. 2.
- His first proof is from the difference between the Law and the Gospel. §. 3. &c. ad 19.
- Eight differences by hire propounded. l. 7. c. 4. §. 19, 20, 21, 22.
- His second proof from the doctrine of Christian liberty. l. 7. c. 4. §. 23.
- That good works▪ are necessary by way of efficacy Bellarmine proveth by three sorts of arguments: first, from Scriptures.
- I. Testimoni •… , Heb. 10. 36. lib. 7. c. 5. §. 3.
- II. 1 Tim. 2. 14, 15. l. 7. c. 5. §. 4.
- III. Phil. 2. 12. §. 5.
- IV. 2 Cor. 7. 10. §. 6.
- V. 2 Cor. 4. 17. §. 7.
- VI. Rom. 8. 13. §. 8.
- VII. Rom. 8. 16, 17. §. 9.
- VIII. Rom. 10. 10. §. 10.
- IX. Matth. 25. 34, 35. §. 11.
- X. I am. 1. 25. & 2. 14. §. 12.
- XI. The Epistles of Peter, James, John, and Jude. l. 7. c. 5. §. 13.
- Secondly, from testimonies of Fathers. §. 14.
- Thirdly, from reason. §. 19. because faith d •… th not save alone, lib. 7. c. 5. §. 16. 17.
- Of the verity of the •… ustice of good works. l. 7. c. 6. §. 1.
- Whether they be sins. l. 7. c. 7. §. 17.
- That they be sins it follows upon the doctrine of the Papists. lib. 4. c. 4. §. 9. in fine & 21.
- Bellarmine's proofs that good works do justify. l. 7. c. 8.
- The first, I am. 2. 24. lib. 7. c. 8. §. 2. &c. ad 19.
- Six other testimonies, I. Eccl. 18. 21. §. 19. vide. l. 2. c. 4. §. 2. 3.
- II. Rom. 6. 19. l. 7. c. 8. §. 19.
- III. 2 Cor. 7. 1. l. 7. c. 8. §. 20.
- IV. 2 Cor. 9. 10. §. 21.
- V. John 14. 23. §. 22.
- VI. Ap •… c. 22. 11. §. 23.
- The Papists high opinion of their works. l. 8. c. 9. §. 14.
- Our estimations of them. §. 15.
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Yoke.
- Christ's yoke easy. lib. 7. cap. 6. §. 4, 5, 6, 7.
Errata.
Page. 2. line 20, even our ju •… if. p. 4. l. 9. •… sadiq, p. 6▪ •… . antepen. special, p. 9. marg. l. 2. •… 〈◊〉 . 2. 1. 2. l. 15. justifica •… i, p. 13. l. a fin. 19. VIII. 〈◊〉 second p 15 l •… 〈◊〉 . 6. concur. l. penul •… standeth, 〈◊〉 , p. 16. marg. l. 6. lib 1, cap. 2 p. 17. l. af. 11. her •… , l. 〈◊〉 . 7. men. p. 18 l. 25. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , l. 28. 〈◊〉 is. p. 19 l 1. break l. 15, 16. dele So the righteousness of our Me •… iator who is God. p. 21 marg. l, 2. Ier 23 6. l af 5. dele sect p. 22. l. af. 14. then he intendeth, p 24. l. 6 〈◊〉 , l. 11 partam, l. 18. nothing else. p. 26. l af 8 we are. p. 27. l af. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 no p. 28. l. 20, and s •… condly, l. af. 13. id e •… t, compl. p. 29. l. 1. receive •… d. l. af. 4. in us. p. 31. l. 3. 〈◊〉 a 〈◊〉 , l. af. 12. y •… t we p. 32 l. 26. ad 〈◊〉 . p. 38. l. 17 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , l. 18. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 l. 22. scales, p. 43. l. antep. upon Christ, 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p 46 •… 10, Works. marg. l. 7. Psal. 115 p. 50. marg. l. af. 4. 〈◊〉 . p. 51. l af. 15. t •… at the word is used in the 〈◊〉 ▪ ma g l 1. Rom. 5. 19. p 53 l. 13 •… 〈◊〉 l. af. 14. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p. 54 l. 9. •… siddeq. l. 10. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 l. af. 10. 〈◊〉 p. 55. l. 10, the 〈◊〉 man p. 58. l. 10. VIII. Secondly, because. p. 59. l. af. 19. pr •… pcundeth. p. 6 •… . l. 27. of the 〈◊〉 , •… . 63 l 9. For first. l. penu •… . 〈◊〉 , p. 64. l. ul •… . 〈◊〉 , p. 66. l. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , l af. 15. 〈◊〉 , p. 67. l. 16. Therefore to be justified, 〈◊〉 p. 68. l. •… 7 〈◊〉 ▪ Calv •… , p. 69. l penul •… . remain •… . l. 16. imputed unto us, p. 70. marg. l. 7. & 10 〈◊〉 , p: 70. l. a •… . 11. 1▪ King. 8. 32. p. 77. l. 12. 〈◊〉 . III. l. 15 the two fir •… t, •… . •… 8. •… ighteous. p 78. marg▪ l. 9. Rom. 3. 21. p. 79. marg. l. 14. & 21. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , l. 19. construed, l. penul •… . d •… th▪ marg. l. ult 〈◊〉 ▪ p. 80. marg. l. af. 6. •… allen from, l. af. 8 them, p. 84 marg. l 5. 2 Cor. 4. 16. p. 83, •… ▪ 〈◊〉 . 18, 〈◊〉 now. p. 84. l 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 ▪ 9 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , p. 85. marg. l. 4. Psal. 32. 1. p. 86. l. 2 •… . 〈◊〉 . p. 88. marg l 1. the •… ighth, sc argum •… nt. p. 94. read. p 93. l. 14. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , p. 94 l. 8. 9▪ some of our w. l, 21. •… riginall sin •… p 97. l. 5. justifying or saving. •… . 99. l. 20. th •… s. p. 100 l. 8. the fav •… ur, p. 101. l. 12. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , l. 24. ch •… sid. lo, l. 25. 〈◊〉 , p. 103 l af. 21. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . p. 104. l. •… . Psalm. 10 •… . 8. 2 King. 13. 23. l. ul •… , asse •… tion marg, l. 〈◊〉 . favor. p. 109 marg. l. 5. c. 3. p. 110. •… . af. 14. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . p 112. l. 5. and th •… true •… lie. l. af. 8. Ro •… . 5. 17. p. 114. l. 9 ches •… d. p. 117. l. 〈◊〉 17. Iustini •… . p. 118. l. as 3. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ▪ p. •… 19. l: 21. work. p. 122. l. 5. vi •… ut to. p •… 28. l. 3. read, yet th •… Papists th •… ir 〈◊〉 . p. 128 ad l. af. 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 in ma •… g. 1 John 3 16▪ p. 130 marg. l. 10. Qu •… d dicitur D •… i. l. 1 •… , 12. Qui •… 〈◊〉 De •… p •… 〈◊〉 . l 18. quae p. 131. l 6. 〈◊〉 sh •… ll •… 9. •… ll good 〈◊〉 , p. 133. l. 〈◊〉 i •… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . •… . 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 , l. af. 6. pro. p. 136. l 26. word l. 30▪ 〈◊〉 l. 32. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p. 139. 1. 10. 〈◊〉 . p. 145. 〈◊〉 . 54. p. 141. •… of. 8. Sacrifi •… tc. p. 144. l 2 •… . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 145. l. 7. 〈◊〉 . •… 13 lib. 9. p. 146 l. 〈◊〉 . 11. J. b •… . p. 47. l 6 31 l. •… f. 6. 〈◊〉 . p. 149. l of. 5. 〈◊〉 . ibi •… . Sap. 9. 12. p 151. l. 〈◊〉 . 7. 〈◊〉 th •… fl •… sh l 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . p. 152. l. 2. we 〈◊〉 . l 13. of 〈◊〉 . p. 153. mar •… . l 8. th •… 〈◊〉 abs l 14. s •… cond 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 gainst. •… . 17. l 〈◊〉 . •… . 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . p. 154. l. 3 〈◊〉 l. 2 •… . i •… 〈◊〉 l 25 rtmai •… der. p. 155 l •… f. 18. 〈◊〉 . l 〈◊〉 . 17. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p. 158 In the 〈◊〉 , by what, l. 22 1 〈◊〉 1. 7 l. 〈◊〉 . 4. I 〈◊〉 p. 159 l 10. qui ibid. l 12. put •… nt, l. 13 〈◊〉 , l 8. r •… liquum 25. 26. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , l 〈◊〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p. 161 marg l 4. 〈◊〉 . p. 162. l. •… f. 16. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 163 l •… f. 18. E conv. l. 〈◊〉 . could not p164 l. •… f. 2. 〈◊〉 . p. 106. l. 17. •… 8. 〈◊〉 . p 1 •… 8. l 〈◊〉 . 14. dele 〈◊〉 l 〈◊〉 . 13. b •… wha •… . p. 169. l. 1. Act. 13. p. 201. l 9 〈◊〉 l. 16 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 i •… . l 18. •… ut of l 〈◊〉 . 21. be i •… finite. p. 〈◊〉 . marg. l. penult. Gomes l •… f. 6. 〈◊〉 . p. 204 l. 2. dele affir •… ins l •… f. 11. off p 205. l. 27. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . p. 208. l 22. Apostle •… . p. 209 l 25. 2 〈◊〉 . 1. 1. p. 211 l 15 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 l 21. Dan. 9. p. 222 l 22. d •… le by. p. 223. marg. pone ad l. 3 in Cantic. si •… m. 22 l 〈◊〉 . 10. 11. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p. 225. l. 22. Ti p. 226 l •… f. 13. 〈◊〉 , p. 228. l 〈◊〉 . 22. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p. 232. l 14. b •… fore where •… I. l •… f 5 w •… d •… , p. 233. l 2. b •… •… ur. l. 10. which 〈◊〉 the Apost •… e speak. p. 234 l 11. (F •… r l. 14. gl •… r: 〈◊〉 ) a •… d 〈◊〉 p. 235 l af. 12. •… hamim marg l. 5. 16. 7▪ l af. 11. dele i •… to walk 〈◊〉 God. p. 236. l 16. sin •… s l. 27. endued l 237 l. a •… . 15. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p. 238. l. 21. 2 Cor. 5. p. 239. l. 2 •… . dele be should 〈◊〉 said any t •… ing to th •… purpose •… . l. 28. could. p. 240. l. 8. 〈◊〉 , l. 13. Septisters. p. 241. l 〈◊〉 . 20. w •… ich is. p. 242. l. 7. of him. p. 244. l. a •… . 10. to signifit. l af. 4. to be 〈◊〉 . l a •… . 3. essectually. p. 246. mar •… l 6. Rom. 12. p. 247 l af. 18. acquired. p. 248. m •… rg. l. 1. l. 2. c. 6. 248. l. as. 6. insusi •… u. p. 250. marg l. 4. Christus l. 7. ex •… mplar. l. 16. 〈◊〉 ▪ l 17. 〈◊〉 ▪ l. 1 •… . cons •… cuti. p. 251. l 1. th •… m. p. 252. •… . 15. •… n whic •… p. 253 l. 10. in •… ard and p. 253 l. a •… . 16. os the. p. 255. l▪ 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 . p. 256. 1 〈◊〉 . wrought b •… i •… s. p. 258. l 8 〈◊〉 . p. 259 marg. l 〈◊〉 . non 〈◊〉 . p. 260. l. 12 dele m •… n. p. 262. l 1. •… ere p. 264. ma •… g. l af 6. ut n •… s. l. ul •… . •… d 〈◊〉 . 265. marg. l. 〈◊〉 5. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 l. a •… . 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p. 266 l. 3. 〈◊〉 l. 9, beer •… , l. 10. as if •… e wer •… l▪ 26. 〈◊〉 . l. •… s. 8. quo •… iam l. •… s. 7. m •… m. l. •… s. 5. 〈◊〉 . p. 2 •… 8. marg. l. •… . del •… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 p. 269 l. 21. but in Christ. in fin •… line a d •… le but. l. peu •… lt. become 〈◊〉 p. 270. l. af. 5. 〈◊〉 . p. 273. l. •… . i •… i •… . p, 276 l. 7. dele and, i •… i •… . p. 277. marg. l. 4 are imputative p. 279. l. 〈◊〉 . dele 〈◊〉 . p. 280. marg l 3. 〈◊〉 not. p •… 282. marg l 1. 〈◊〉 . p. 283. l. 〈◊〉 ad l. 3. 〈◊〉 marg. 〈◊〉 . 1. l. af. 12. 〈◊〉 tacui: p. 284, marg. l. 12. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 l. af. 10. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p. 285. l 13 could. l af. 5. 〈◊〉 . p. 286 marg. l. 7. 〈◊〉 61. dele by l 〈◊〉 . c. 1. •… . 5 p. 291. 〈◊〉 , deest. viz p. 287. 188. 289. 290. p. 294 l. af. 10. their first. p, 295. l. 12. delo in. p. 296. marg. l. 1, 26. p. 298. l. af. 12. 〈◊〉 . p. 300. l. af. 5. out of p, 305. l. af. 4 〈◊〉 imputed. p, 306 l. 5. then w •… p. 308. marg l. 3. imputation. p 310. l af •… 12. 〈◊〉 h •… , p. 311. l. 17. these l. af. 7. him therefore we &c. p. 3 •… 4. 〈◊〉 faith i •… salse. l u •… t. dele Fat •… h, ib •… d. by God. p 315. l 9. 〈◊〉 , marg. l. 13. 〈◊〉 80. l. 21. 〈◊〉 l. 26 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 l 35 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈◊〉 4. prol •… gom. p. 317. l. 〈◊〉 . 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p. 318 l. 7. & 8 and 〈◊〉 p •… 320. l. af. 8. quo •… ism. p. 321. l. 20 as are. p. 325. l. 4 •… 〈◊〉 p. 326. marg. l. 2. q •… 2. p. 327. l. af. 7 〈◊〉 mar •… . l. 8. 9. Pist. 38. si 〈◊〉 p. 328. l. 12. walking. marg. l. 〈◊〉 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p 334. l., 6. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 l. 1 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 p. 336. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 •… . 337. ad l. 10. marg. de 〈◊〉 , lib. 1. c. •… 5. l. af. 5. expresc •… d. l. af 4. 38. p. 33. 8. •… . 18. to feed. p. 340. l. 4. l. 15. p▪ 342. l. 10. orga •… call p. 350. marg. l. 6. 1 John. 5. 10. p. 357. l. af. 11. faitb is, p. 36 •… . marg. l. ult. Rom. 4. 19. p. 373. l. af. 16. 〈◊〉 respect of any, l. •… f. 10. B •… nedictus, p. 376. l. 〈◊〉 . i •… is, p. 377. l. 23 〈◊〉 . p. 378. l. 12. Blessed. Ambr. •… . 21. 〈◊〉 . •… ef. 12. just. 〈◊〉 .
A TREATISE OF IVSTIFICATION.
THE FIRST BOOKE, Wherein is set down the true doctrine of Justification according to the word of God.
CAP. I. The excellency of this argument is set forth, and the definition of justification propounded, and in part expounded.
§. I.
A Mong all the articles of Christian religion there is none, as I suppose, either more necessary to be known, or more comfortable to be believed, than the doctrine of justification: whereby a faithful man is taught to believe and know, that he being a sinner in himself, and by sin obnoxious to eternal damnation; is by the mercies of God, and merits of Christ through faith, not only freed from the guilt of his sins and from everlasting damnation, but also accepted as righteous before God in Christ, and made heir of eternal life. This doctrine in many places of the Scripture hereafter▪ to be cited, is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , by way of excellency called the truth , and sometimes the truth of the Gospel , as Gal. 2. 5. that is, the truth of God revealed in the Gospel concerning justification and salvation by the free grace of God, through the merits of Christ apprehended by faith; being also the chief argument contained in the Gospel, which is therefore called the power of God unto salvation, because therein the Righteousness of God, even that by which we are justified and saved, is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, The just shall live by faith, or he that is just by faith shall live: which doctrine is so inviolably and incorruptly to be held, that if an Apostle, if an Angel from heaven shall teach any other Gospel, that is, any other doctrine whereby to be justified and saved, than by the only merits of Christ apprehended by faith, he ought to be held accursed. But by how much the more necessary and comfortable this doctrine is: by so much the more it is oppugned by Satan; who as at the first, he did not abide in the truth, nor kept his first estate, but left his habitation rather than he would (as some probably think) embrace this truth, namely that the second Person in Trinity should for the salvation of mankind become flesh, and that in him the nature of man should be advanced above the nature of Angels: so hath he ever since opposed it by all means, as namely by raising, not only other false teachers in the apostles times and since, but even Antichrist and his adherents in these later times, who have not only perverted this doctrine, but also subverted it, and have as it were, taken away the subject of the question: for by confounding the law and the Gospel, the covenant of works and the covenant of grace, the benefits of justification and sanctification, and of two making but one; they have wholly abolished that great benefit of the Messias about our justification, whereby we are freed from hell, and entitled to the kingdom of heaven, and consequently they are fallen from grace, having disanulled the covenant of grace, and made the promise of none effect. For whosoever seeketh to be justified by inherent righteousness, he is under the curse, he is a debtor to the whole law, and therefore to him Christ is become of none effect. This being therefore a controversy of such importance, that it concerneth our very title to the kingdom of heaven, it is to be handled with all diligence, and not without invocation of the holy Spirit of truth; whom we beseech to guide and to direct us in setting down the truth, to confirm and stablish us in the profession of it, and to assist and strengthen us against the enemies thereof. But before I come to confute the errors of the Papists, the enemies of the truth; I will first set down the true doctrine of justification according to God's word.
§. II. Justification therefore is a most gracious and righteous action of God, whereby he imputing the righteousness of Christ to a believing sinner, absolveth him from his sins, and accepteth▪ of him as righteous in Christ, and as 〈◊〉 heir of eternal life, to the praise and glory of his own mercy and justice. Where first consider the name of the thing, which we have now defined, and are hereafter to handle. To justify, if you respect the notation of the Latin word, signifieth to make just, as to magnify, importeth to make great. Neither is it to be doubted, but that the Lord, whom he justifieth, doth constitute or make just. Now the Lord maketh men just two ways; either by imputation of Christ's righteousness, which is out of them in Christ, as being his personal righteousness: or by infusion of righteousness, as it were, by influence into them from Christ their head. To the faithful therefore there belongeth a twofold righteousness; the one of justification, the other of sanctification. The former is the righteousness of Christ, and therefore the righteousness of God, as it is often called, the righteousness of God; because it is the righteousness of him that is God, and is imputed to the believer: the later is ours, because inherent in us, though received from God, as all our good things are. The former is perfect, as being the righteousness of him that is God: the later is but begun in this life, and is to be perfected in the life to come. By the former we are justified, by the later we are sanctified. If it be objected, that there seemeth little or no difference between these two words: for as to justify is to make just, so to sanctify is to make holy. And therefore as to sanctify, is to make holy by holiness infused: so to justify, is to make just by justice inherent.
I answer, First, that this is contrary to the use of the word justify▪ not only pe •… petuall in the Scriptures, but also ordinary in the speeches and writings of men. Wherein God is said to justify men, and man is said to justify God, and one man is said to justify another, and one and the same man to justify himself without any signification of infusing righteousness into him, but by clearing him and pronouncing him just. Secondly, that there is no further respect to be had in this controversy to the notation of the Latin or English word, than as it is a true translation of the Hebrew word in the Old Testament, and of the Greek in the new: now I shall make it evident, that the Hebrew hitsdiq, and so the Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 is Verbum forens •… , a judicial word taken from the courts of justice▪ which being attributed to the Judge, is opposed to condemning, and signifieth to absolve, or to give sentence with the party questioned.
§. III. In the definition we consider justification, as an action of God, whose alone work it is; and so the Scriptures consider it in many places, as Rom. 8. 33. It is God that doth justify, for it is he only that forgiveth sins, Esa. 43. 25. It is he only that can by making us righteous in Christ, give us right and title to the kingdom of heaven. It is no action therefore of our own, or of any creature, neither is it wrought by our own preparations and dispositions. For although every man is bound to use all means to attain to justification; yet it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that showeth mercy. For if God be the agent in justifying us, then are we the patients. And for that cause we are never in the Scriptures exhorted to justification, or to the parts thereof (which are not our Officia or duties, but God's Beneficia ) as we are to the duties of sanctification, whereunto we being already justified and regenerated, do cooperate with the Spir •… t of grace.
§. IIII. Secondly, when we say it is an action of God, Imputing the righteousness of Christ and absolving the believing sinner, and accepting him, &c. we consider it not as an action of God within us working a positive or real change as in sanctification, but as an action of God without us. For it is a judicial act of God, as the Judge oppo •… ed to condemning. And therefore as by his sentence he doth condemn, that is, make wicked; so by his sentence he doth justify, that is, of guilty he maketh not guilty, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , by his sentence God doth justify, as Chrysostom and Oecumenius note upon Rom. 8. 33. where a judicial proceeding in the business of justification is plainly described. For there is mention of the accuser of God's elect, there is God that justifieth, and none to condemn, there is the advocate and intercessor to plead for us. And as in condemning, though the hebrew word Hirshiah opposed to justifying, signifieth to make wicked (for as Tsady is to be just, and Hitsdiq to make just, that is, to justify; so Rashah to be wicked, and Hirshiah to make wicked, that is, to condemn) yet God by condemning doth not make a real or positive change by infusion of wickedness into the party whom by his sentence he maketh wicked, that is, condemneth: so in justifying, though the word do signify to make righteous, yet the Lord doth not, Quatenus justificat, as he justifieth, work a real or positive mutation in the party, whom by his sentence he maketh just, that is, justifieth, in respect of any inward dispositions or qualities, but only a relative change or mutation in respect of his estate and condition before God, and in respect of some relations to him. It is true, •… hat in our justification we are of sinners made righteous; but the righteousness which we have by justification standeth in remission of sin, and acceptation or constitution of us as righteous, not in ourselves, but in Christ: both which are wrought by imputation of his righteousness. It is true also, that whom God doth justify, he doth also sanctify. But in justification he doth not work a real change in the party, as he doth in sanctification. And this 〈◊〉 in the like actions of God, viz. adoption, redemption, and reconciliation, which three in substance differ not from justification. For all agree in the not imputing of sin by imputation of Christ's righteousness, but are diversified by certain relations: all which concur in justification, that men having their sins forgiven, whereby they had been either the children of the devil, by adoption are made the sons of God; or the vassals and bondslaves of sin and Satan, are by redemption made the servants of God; or enemies to God, by their reconciliation become his favorites; or guilty of sin and damnation, in their justification they are accepted as righteous in Christ▪ and consequently become God's servants, God's favorites, God's sons; and if sons then also heirs of eternal life. As therefore in adoption, redemption, reconciliation, there is no real change made in the party, but only a new relation acquired, of being a son and h •… ire to the adoptour, a servant to the redeemer, a favourite to the reconciler, which before he was not: so neither in justification is there a real or positive change (as the Papists would have it) but 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 relative, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , that is, in relation, in respect of those relations even now mentioned; and in respect of his estate •… and condition before God; being in his justification translated from the estate of damnation, unto the state of salvation. Even as the council of Trent, it self defineth justification to be a translation from that state wherein a man is borne the son of the first Adam, into a state of grace and adoption of God's sons, through the second Adam Jesus Christ our Savior, which is done without any real change wrought in the party as he is justified. For who before was guilty of sin and damnation: the same man remaining a sinner in himself, and in himself worthy of damnation, is in his justification absolved from the guilt of sin, and accepted as r •… teous in Christ, in whom also he is made a servant, a favourite, a son of God, and consequently (as I said in the definition) an heir of eternal life.
§. V. And yet we deny not, but that those whom God reconcileth unto himself, receiving them into his grace and •… avour in Christ, them also he endueth in some measure with the graces of his Spirit: whom he adopteth to be his sons in Christ, them also he regenerateth by his holy Spirit: whom he redeemeth from the guilt of sin, he also freeth from the dominion of sin: and whom he justifieth by faith, he also sanctifieth by his Spirit, that is, whom he maketh just by imputation, them also he maketh just by infusion of righteousness: to whom he imputeth the merit of Christ his death and resurrection apprehended by faith, to them also he applieth the virtue and efficacy of Christ's death and resurrection, both to mortify sin in them, and to raise them up to newness of life. By this doctrine we may try ourselves whether we be reconciled, redeemed, adopted, justified. For hereby it shall appear, that God hath received us into his grace, if he hath also endued us with his grace. Chasidim, as they are called in the Scriptures, the favorites of God, are usually translated his holy ones, and all the faithful, even in this life, are termed Saints. Hereby it will appear, that we are redeemed from the guilt of sin, if we be also freed from the dominion of sin. Hereby it will appear, that we are adopted, if 〈◊〉 be also regeneratech Hereby it will appear, that we are justified, if we •… e also in some measure sanctified. But yet, howsoever these graces •… ways go together, and cannot be severed: yet must we carefully distinguish betwixt the grace of God which is in himself, and his graces which are in us; betwixt the actions of God's grace without us, and the actions of his grace within us. Wherefore, though adoption and regeneration, though receiving into grace and enduing with grace, though redeeming from the guilt and purging in some measure from the corruption of sin, though justification and sanctification are always inseparable companions: yet we may not with the Papists confound them, and so place the matter of justification, and merit of salvation in ourselves, as they wickedly do; but we are religiously to distinguish them, as they are in themselves truly and really distinguished, to the praise of the glory, that is, the glorious praise of his grace, not of that which is in us, but of that which is in himself, whereby he hath graciously accepted us in his beloved, Ephes. 1. 6.
§. VI. Thirdly, when we say it is an action of God imputing to a believing sinner, &c. We consider it, not as a sudden and momentary action, which is of no continuance, as if all our sins both past, present, and to come are remitted in an instant; but as an act of God continued from our vocation, wherein the grace of faith is begotten in us, to our glorification, which is the end of our faith. For as this action of God is called the justification of a sinner; so, whiles we continue sinners, we have still need to be justified. And as we always have sin in this life: so, that it may not be imputed, we have need, that Christ's righteousness should be imputed unto us: and that as we sin daily, so Christ our advocate should continually make intercession for us: that notwithstanding our manifold slips, whereinto through human frailty we fall; and notwithstanding those manifold infirmities and corruptions, which remain in us as the relics of original sin, we may be continued in the grace and favor of God, by the continued imputation of Christ's righteousness, obtained by his continual intercession for us. For therefore doth he continue his intercession for us, that our justification may be continued to us: and that as we sin daily, so we may daily seek and obtain pardon. But if justification should so be wrought once and at once, as that after that act wrought in an instance, we should no more be justified, nor no more need remission of sin; then must we erroneously conceive, that the sins which after the first moment of our justification we do commit, are actually remitted before they be committed; whereas God forgiveth only sins past, Rom. 3. 25. So shall we not only set open a gap to all licentiousness (for who will so fear to commit sin as he ought, or when he hath committed it, so sue for the pardon thereof, who is persuaded beforehand that it is already remitted) but also shall open the mouths of our adversaries, who will be ready to say, that we Protestants ought not to pray for remission of sin, because in our opinion (as they say) we need it not: but to this calumniation of the Papist I have elsewhere answered.
§. VII. If it be said, that it is a received opinion among many, that justificatio simul & semel fit, that justification is wrought at once, and but once: I answer, that that assertion is not to be admitted without distinction, nor without good caution. The distinction is this: that there is a justification of a sinner before God in 〈◊〉 coelesti, which properly is called justification, and is that, which here I have defined: and there is a justification whereby a man already justified before God, is justified in foro conscienti •… , in the court of his own conscience: which is not properly justification it self, but the assurance of it. To this latter that assertion of but once and at once cannot in any good sense, be applied. For neither is the full assurance of our justification attained at once, but by degrees, wherein we are to labor and to give diligence to make, as our election and calling, so also our justification more and more sure unto us. Neither is it given but once. For by committing of any crime or any grievous sin, by spiritual desertions, by the •… orcible temptations of Satan, this act of spiritual faith, which we call assurance, may be interrupted or lost for a time; and yet by repentance, by prayer and practice of piety it may be recovered again; and therefore not given but once. To the former indeed it may be applied in both parts, but with a twofold caution: first, in respect of simul, at once, if it be understood as excluding degrees, and not continuance. Namely, that we are not justified by degrees, and as it were by little and little, as though our justification were not perfect at the first. For no sooner doth a man truly believe in Christ, but the righteousness of Christ is imputed to him, and in and by that righteousness he standeth righteous before God, as well at the first, as at the last; that righteousness of Christ, by which he is justified, whether first, or last, being most perfect. Therefore the righteousness of justification cannot be increased, neither doth our justification before God admit degrees, either in one and the same person, or yet in diverse men: howsoever the assurance of justification, and the work of sanctification, whereby we are to be renewed in the inner man day by day have degrees, according to the degrees of our faith, and according to the measure of grace received. Secondly, when it is said that we are justified before God semel, but once, that also may be admitted, if by once be meant one continual act. For as we are regenerated but once, because ut semel nascimur, ita semel renascimur: so faith, which is wrought in our regeneration is given but once. For that which Saint Jude saith, verse 3. of faith once given, is no less true of the habit, than of the doctrine of faith; which habit, being once had, is never utterly lost. For all they who have true faith, are borne of God, 1 John 5. 1. John 1. 12, 13. And those who are once borne of God are never unborne again; but being made sons by faith, as all the faithful are, Gal. 3. 26. they are also made heirs of God, and coheirs with Christ, Rom. 8. 17. As faith therefore is never utterly lost, no more is justification. For so long as we have faith, so long we are justified. But the habit of faith we never lose, though perhaps some act of faith may sometimes be interrupted. Therefore our justification is but one continued act, and in that sense we are justified but once.
§. VIII. Now, whereas we have defined and defended according to the Scriptures, that justification is an action of God, and such an action as is without us, and a continued act: hence we may conclude against the Papists; first, that neither their first, nor second justification, is that justification, which is taught in the Scriptures. Not the second, for that is not God's action, but their own: who being justified before by habitual righteousness infused from God, do themselves as they •… each, by practicing of good works increase their righteousness, that is, justify themselves by actual righteousness, as the merit of their second justification. Not, that we deny, that inherent righteousness is by practice of good works increased; but that we hold, that justification is not our own act, neither that we are justified by any righteousness inherent in ourselves, or performed by ourselves, nor that the righteousness of justification (which is indeed the righteousness of Christ) can be increased, and therefore no degrees of justification.
Not the first; which they make to be an action of God within us, working in us a real change or positive mutation by infusion of the habits of grace, and specially of charity, and confound it with habitual sanctification, from which notwithstanding it is necessarily to be distinguished.
Secondly, justification being an action of God, is not to be confounded with justification passively understood, and much less with justice it self. But the Papists not only understand it passively, but also confound it with inherent Justice.
Thirdly, they do not hold justification to be one continued act from our vocation, to our glorification. But such an act, as may not only be interrupted ostentimes, and lost for a time, as they say it is, by every mortal sin, and again be renewed, so oft as they go to shrift; but also that it may totally and finally be lost. Which error I have confuted at large in my Treatise of perseverance.
CAP. II. The efficient causes of Justification.
§. I.
B Ut in this definition besides the Genus, not only all the causes of Justification, but also the essential parts thereof are briefly comprised; which I will now distinctly propound. The causes, because in the knowledge of them standeth the science of everything: the essential parts, because in them justification it self consisteth. The causes of justification, as of all other things, are four: The Efficient, the Matter, the Form, the End.
The Efficie •… t causes are of two sorts, either principal or instrumental. The principal is God, which I noted in the definition, when I said, it is an action of God. For it is God that justifieth, as the Scriptures in many places do testify: as namely, Rom. 3. 26, 30. 4. 5, 6. 8. 30, 33. Gal. 3. 8. God, I say, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost. For it being an outward action of God (or, as the Schoolmen speak, ad extra ) respecting the Creatures, it is the common action of the whole Trinity. And thus God alone, as the Judge doth justify. For he alone is the Lawgiver, who hath power over our souls against whom we sin, and by our sin become his debtors, when we transgress his law. And therefore he alone properly forgiveth sins, as himself professeth, Isaiah 43. 25. and as the Scribes and Pharisees confess as a received truth, Luk. 5. 21. For who may take upon him to remit those debts, which we owe to God? It is he, who reconcileth us unto himself in Christ, not imputing our sins, 2 Cor. 5. 19. and accepting of us in his beloved, Ephes. 1. 6. It is he alone, that forgiving our sins freeth us from hell, and giveth us right to his heave •… lie kingdom. Which doctrine serveth, first, for our direction and instruction, where to seek and to sue for justification and remission of sins. Not to any creature, but to God alone in the name and mediation of Christ, to whom alone our Savior directeth us to sue for pardon. Secondly, it ministereth strong consolation to all the faithful. For seeing it is God that justifieth them, who shall lay anything to their charge? Who shall condemn, &c? Thirdly, it s •… rveth for the confutation, or rather condemnation of the Pope and all popish priests, who take upon them power, not as Ministers of the Gospel to declare and pronounce remission of sins, but as Judges to remit them: it being a proper attribute of God, Exod. 34. 7. which he appropriateth to himself, Isaiah 43. 25. and which no mere man can without blasphemy arrogate to himself, Mark. 2. 7.
§. II. With the principal cause we are to join the consideration of the motives, or moving causes; both without God, which of some are called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , and also within himself, which are called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . which are indeed principia agendi. The former, are man's misery (which though it be not properly a cause but the object of mercy, yet is said to be a motive, and is used as a reason, to move to mercy ; and thence misericordia hath its name) and Christ's merits, which properly are the procatarcticke cause of our justification, besides which there is no other merit. The moving causes within God are his Mercy and his Justice, which I signified in the definition, when I said, that justification is a most gr •… cious and right •… action os God. For as in many, if not in all the works of God, his mercy and justice meet together, so especially in the work of our Justification and redemption, which Cardinal C •… jetan e well observed, The holy Scripture, saith he, doth not say that we are justified by grace alone, but by grace and justice together, but both of God, that is, by the grace of God and by the justice of God, and not by the righteousness of men. By grace, I understand the gracious love and favor of God in Christ, vouchsafed unto us in him before all secular times, 2 Tim. 1. 9. in which he hath graciously accepted us in his beloved, by which as we are elected and called and shall be saved; so by the same we are justified, and that freely without any cause in us, Rom. 3. 24. Now the Lord is said to justify us by his grace, first, because of his free grace, he gave his own Son to be our righteousness. Secondly, because of his own free grace he hath given us those means whereby the righteousness of Christ might be communicated unto us, as namely the Ministry of the Word and of the Sacraments. Thirdly, because of his grace he blesseth those means unto us, working and increasing in us the grace of faith by which we are justified: and las •… lie, when we do by faith, which is his gift, b •… leeve, he freely imput •… th unto us the righteousness of Christ, accepteth of us in him, and in him adopteth us to be his sons and heirs of eternal life.
§. III. But as the Lord is gracious in justifying a believing sinner, so he is also righteous, Rom. 3. 25, 26. For th •… refore hath the Lord set forth his son and our Savior to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, to declare his righteousness through the remission of sins that are past by the forbearance of God: to declare I say at this time his righteousness, that he might be just, and the Justifier of him which believeth in Jesus. For such is the righteousness of God, that he forgiveth no man's sin for which his Justice is not fully satisfied by Christ: neither doth he accept of any as just, but such as by imputation of Christ's righteousness are made just in him. The consideration of this justice of God in forgiving sins, doth afford singular comfort to the faithful. For seeing the Lord forgiveth no sin for which his justice is not satisfied; and seeing our Savior hath fully satisfied the justice of his Father for the sins of all that believe in him: from hence we may be assured, that as there is no condemnation to them that are in Christ Jesus, so no punishment properly so called, that is, such a penalty as is inflicted in ordine justitiae, and by way of vengeance: because it cannot stand with the justice of God to punish the second time those sins in us, for which his justice is already fully satisfied in Christ.
§. IV. But the actions of God the principal efficient of justification are to be distinguished, according to the distinction of the three Persons. For God the Father justifieth as the primary Cause and Author: the Son as the meritorious cause: the holy Ghost as the cause applicatory, that is to say, God the Father through the Son doth justify us by the holy Ghost. The Father, I say, as primary cause; and that in two respects; first, in that he gave his only begotten Son for us, and set him forth to be a 〈◊〉 through f •… ith in his blood, that all who believe in him should be justified, Rom. 3. 25. John. 3. 16. Secondly, as the Judge in absolving those that believe, and pronouncing them just in Christ. The Son, as the Mediator and meritorious cause; and that also in two respects. First, as he is our Surety, who paid our debt, and our Redeemer who laid down the price of our redemption for us, Isaiah. 53. 11. affording unto us the matter and merit of our justification. Secondly, as he is our Intercessor and Advocate to plead for us, that his merits may be imputed to us, Rom. 8. 34. 1 John. 2. 2. Heb. 7. 25. 9. 24. God the Father therefore justifieth, as the primary cause per authoritatem, as the Schoolmen speak; the Son, as the secondary cause per ministerium. For so it is said, Esa. 53. 11. My righteous servant shall justify many. The Father, as the Judge; the Son, as the Mediator and Advocate. The Father, as the Creditor accepting Christ's satisfaction for us: the Son, as the Surety paying our debt for us. But howsoever God the Father hath given his So •… ne, and the Son hath given himself for us, and hath paid that price, and performed that obedience which is sufficient for our justification: notwithstanding none are actually justified by the merits of Christ, but they only to whom they are applied. For although the sufferings of Christ be a precious salve to cure our souls; yet they will not heal us unless they be applied. And although his righteousness be as a wedding garment to cover our nakedness, yet it will not cover us, unless it be put on. In the third place therefore the holy Ghost may also be said to justify us, because he doth apply unto us Christ's merits unto our justification; both as he is the Spirit of regeneration working in us the grace of faith, by which we receive Christ unto our justification in foro coelesti: and also as he is the Spirit of adoption confirming our faith, and working in us the assurance of our justification, by which we are justified in foro Conscientiae.
§. V. Now the means of this application, are instrumental causes of our justification, and do justify instrumentally. And these are of two sorts, viz. on God's part, and on ours. For to effect this application, there must be manus Dei offerentis, the hand of God offering, and manus accipientis, the hand of the receiver. The instruments on God's part, are the ministry of the Word and Sacraments, whereby the holy Ghost doth beget and confirm faith in us. In respect whereof Ministers are said to justify men; Dan. 12. 3. For as touching the ministry of the Gospel: first, in it the benefit of the Messias, as namely reconciliation, adoption, and justification, &c. is revealed and offered to all that shall believe, and by it we are stirred up to receive and embrace it. In which respect the preaching of the Gospel is called the ministry of reconciliation; and the Ministers are God's Ambassadors sent to entreat men in God's name and in Christ's stead, that they would be reconciled unto God, 2 Cor. 5. 18, 20. Secondly, the holy Ghost having thus by the ministry of the Gospel knocked at the door of men's hearts, in his good time maketh it effectual, opening their hearts to give a lively and effectual assent to the Gospel, whereby they receiving Christ and believing in him are justified. Thus faith cometh by hearing the Word. And in this respect Preachers of the Gospel are said to be the Ministers by whom men do believe, 1 Cor. 3. 5. Thirdly, in the preaching of the Gospel, seconded and made powerful by the operation of the holy Ghost, the sentence of justification and remission of sins, and consequently of salvation is pronounced and concluded in the conscience of the faithful: when as out of the general promise of the Gospel, Whosoever truly bel •… eveth in Christ hath remission of sins, being by the Minister conditionally applied to the hearer, and absolutely assumed by the believer, after this manner, If thou, saith the Minister, doest truly believe in Christ, thou hast remission of sins and thou shalt be saved, Rom. 10. 9. But I (saith the faithful hearer) do truly believe in Christ, my conscience bearing me witness in the holy Ghost; this conclusion is inferred, as the verdict of the holy Ghost testifying with the conscience of the faithful in the assumption, according to God's Word contained in the proposition: therefore I have remission of sins, therefore I shall be saved. And in this sense Ministers are said to remit sins, John. 20. 23. and consequently to justify, when they do pronounce remission of sins to them that believe and repent. And whatsoever they do in this behalf upon earth according to the Word, is ratified in heaven.
§. VI. As touching the Sacraments: in them first the benefit of the Messias is represented before our eyes by the outward signs; whereupon the Sacrament is called Verbum visible. Secondly, such is the Sacramental union between the sign and the thing signified, that together with the sign the thing signified, that is, Christ with all his merits is offered in the lawful use of the Sacrament. Thirdly, the benefit of the Messias is not only offered in the lawful use together with the sign, but also conferred and given to every faithful and worthy receiver. And hereof the Sacrament is a pledge given to the believer, to assure him, that as the Minister doth give unto him the sign, so the Lord doth give unto him the thing signified. And in this sense every Sacrament is a seal of that righteousness which is by faith, Rom. 4. 11. annexed to the promise of the Gospel, which by delivery of the Sacrament is particularly applied to every faithful receiver, to assure him in particular of his justification and salvation by Christ. Thus the ministry of the Gospel is the means to beget faith, and the Sacraments the instruments to confirm the same. But the Papists deny both, for that faith is begotten in the ministry of the Word, and that so men attain to remission of sins and justification, they say, it is a fiction of the heretics of these times. Neither do they grant that Sacraments are seals of righteousness, or that they were ordained to seal the promises unto us. But they hold them to be such effectual instruments as do by virtue inherent in themselves confer justifying grace (which they call gratiam gratum facientem) ex opere operat •… . By which doctrine, a, they have turned Religion into a mere outward formality, according to the prophecy of them, 2 Tim. 3. 5. ascribing all the degrees of salvation to be achieved in this life, viz. Vocation, Justification, Sanctification to the external use of the Sacraments; so they have made their doctrine of justification to be an idle speculation, whereof in their practice there is little or no use. For to what purpose do they dispute of justification, by virtuous preparations and gracious dispositions, when they teach that the Sacraments do ex opere operato, that is, by the very performance of the outward act justify the receiver, requiring in him neither any virtuous preparation, or gracious disposition, for without them he is justified. Only this caution they do interpose, that he do not ponere obicem mortalis peccati, that he put not the obstacle of mortal sin. For if those things should necessarily be required, then the Sacraments should confer grace, not ex opere operato, as they stiffly hold, but ex opere operantis. So much of the hand of the giver.
§. VII. The instrument on our part which is, as it were, manus accipientis, the hand of the receiver, is the grace of justifying faith; which I noted in the definition, when I said, that the Lord imputeth the righteousness of Christ to a believing sinner. Now as touching saith, divers things are to be considered. For first, it is said to justify, not as it is a quality or habit in us, as the Papists teach; ipsa fides, saith g Bellarmine, censetur esse justitia, faith it self is accounted to be justice, and it •… else is imputed unto righteousness, Rom. 4. 5. for so it is a part of sanctification; but as it is the instrument, and, as it were, the hand to receive Christ, who is our righteousness. For if we should be justified by faith as it is an habit in us properly, then we should be justified by habitual and inherent righteousness, which hereafter I shall fully disproveAnd if we be not justified by it, as it is an habit, then much less as it is an act, as 〈◊〉 and his followers teach; as though 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 ipsum credere, did properly justify. Which opinion is worse than the other. For faith doth justify (as hereaster shall be proved) as the instrument only; but it is the instrument, not as it is an act, but as it is an habit producing that act: and therefore it is said that we are justified by faith, and that faith is imputed unto righteousness. But if we should be justified by it, as it is an act, then we should be justified by our own works: which hereafter is also to be confuted: and further, if we were justified by it, as it is an act, then we should be no longer justified actually than we do actually believe, 〈◊〉 so there should be an intercision of justification (which I proved before to be a continued act) so ost as there is an intermission of the act of faith; which is ridiculous. Again, if we should be justified by faith, either as it is an habit, or an act in sensu proprio; as they speak, and not relatively or metonymically; then should we be justified by one habit alone, or by the act of one habit: and consequently by a partial and most imperfect righteousness. When it is certain that all the habits and acts of grace, which are in the best, concurring together are not. sufficient to justify a man before God for the reasons hereafter to be delivered, lib. 4. & 7. It is true, that faith is imputed for righteousness, and is accepted of God, as the perfect performance of the whole law: but this is to be understood relatively in respect of the object received by faith, that is, Christ, who is the end and complement of the Law to all that believe; insomuch that whosoever truly believeth in Christ, hath fulfilled the Law.
§. VIII. 2. is the consequent of the former. For if faith doth justify only as it is an hand or instrument to apprehend and receive Christ, then justifying faith must be such a faith as doth apprehend , receive and embrace Christ, which is not done, neither by the implicit, nor the unformed, nor the bare historical and general faith of the Papists; but it is done first by a lively and effectual assent to the special doctrine concerning justification and salvation by Christ, which is the condition of the Evangelical promise; and then by a sound application of the promise to ourselves, as having that condition. For by a lively and effectual belief we receive and embrace Christ, not only in our judgments by a willing and firm assent, being undoubtedly persuaded and assured thathe is the Savior of all that truly believe in him; but also in our hearts by an hungering desire to be made partakers of him, and in our wills by resolving, both to acknowledge him to be our Savior, and also to rest upon him for salvation. Having this lively assent, which is the condition of the promise, we are to apply the promise to ourselves, as belonging to us. By the former degree we are justified, before God in foro coelesti; by the latter, we are justified in foro conscientiae, in the court of our own conscience. By the former, we are justified properly; by the latter, we are not properly justified, but are in some measure assured of our justification. By the former I do effectually believe, that Jesus is the Savior; by the latter I do truly believe, that he is my Savior. That faith therefore which doth justify, doth specially apprehend, and apply Christ: and the proper object of faith, as it justifieth, is Christ, or the promise of salvation by Christ; and therefore is often called faith in Christ, or the faith of Christ. For although by that faith, which justifieth, I believe all the articles of Christian religion, and every truth revealed by God in his word; yet I am not justified properly by believing any other truth, but only by believing the truth; neither is the promise of justification and salvation made to any other belief, but only to faith in Christ.
§. IX. Thirdly, by this faith apprehending and receiving Christ, we are not prepared only and disposed to justification, as the Papists absurdly teach, affirming that faith doth justify, even as servile fear doth, by preparing only and disposing; for then a man endued with justifying faith, might be as far from justification, as he that is possessed with servile fear. But how can these two assertions be reconciled, that faith doth justify by disposing only as a preparative di •… position, and yet that it justifieth formally as an habit infused, and as a part of inherent •… ustice. But the truth is, that by a true justifying faith we are not prepared only, but we are actually justified. For no sooner doth a man believe by a true justifying faith, but he is justified and entitled unto the kingdom of heaven. As soon as he doth believe, he is translated from death to life, yea, so soon he hath eternal life, that is, he hath jus, right unto the heavenly kingdom.
§. X. Fourthly, when we say that faith doth justify, we do not mean that it justifieth absolutely or in respect of its own worth and dignity; and much less, that it doth merit justification, either as it is an habit, or as it is an act, but relatively in respect of the object which it doth apprehend, that is, Christ, who is our righteousness For seeing faith doth receive Christ and make us partakers of him, therefore all those benefits which we receive from Christ are attributed in the holy Scriptures to Faith: as to justify, to save , &c. not, that these effects are to be ascribed to the virtue of faith absolutely, but relatively in respect of the object. So when it was said to the woman, thy faith hath saved thee, the meaning is, Christ received by faith hath saved thee. Thus by the faith of Peter and John the Creeple was cured, Act. 3. 6. yet not by any power or holiness of theirs, verse. 12. But the name of Christ, that is, Christ himself, by faith in his name, as the instrument, did cure him, verse. 16. so the name of Christ by faith in his name doth justify and save, Act. 10. 43. John 20. 31. And that faith doth not justify in respect of its own worth appeareth by this evidence, because the faith of divers men, though unequal in degrees doth justify alike, and therefore is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , of equal value, as Saint Peter speaketh of all the faithful to whom he writeth, 2 Pet. 1. 1. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , that is, as the Latin interpreter translateth, to them that have obtained coequal faith with us in the righteousness of our God and Savior Jesus Christ. For it is not faith properly, which doth justify, but the righteousness of Christ, received by faith. The alms received by a weak hand releeveth the party, as well as that which is received by a strong hand: because it is not the hand properly which releeveth, but the alms. And for the same cause the righteousness of justification is equal in all that are justified, neither doth it in the same persons admit of degrees. For it is the most perfect righteousness of Christ, to which, considered as created and finite, nothing can be added.
§. XI. Fifthly, from hence we learn the true meaning of that question, whether we be justified by faith or by works, not as opposing the inward grace of faith to the outward acts of obedience, which indeed are the fruits of faith: but as opposing the righteousness of Christ apprehended by faith, to that righteousness which is inherent in ourselves, and performed by ourselves.
§. XII. Sixthly, when we say that faith doth justify alone, two things are implied: First, that we are justified by the righteousness of Christ alone apprehended by faith, and not by any righteousness in herent in us. Secondly, that this righteousness of Christ, by which alone we are justified, is apprehended by faith only. Not that justifying faith is or can be alone: but because there being many graces in the faithful, which all have their several commendations; yet none of them serveth to apprehend Christ's righteousness, but faith only, and yet that faith which is alone, severed from all other inward graces, and outward obedience, doth not justify either alone or at all; because it is not a true and •… lively, but a counterfeit and a dead faith. For even as the eye among all the parts of the body, which all have their several uses, hath only the faculty of seeing: and yet that eye which is separated from the rest of the parts, doth see neither alone nor at all, because it is but the carcase of an eye. So among all the graces of the soul, it is the office of faith alone, as the eye of the soul, to look upon him that was figured by the brazen Serpent: yet if it should be severed from the rest, it were dead. For as Saint James saith, that faith which is alone and by it self is dead. And as the eye, in respect of being, is not alone, yet in respect of seeing it is alone: so faith which is not alone, doth justify alone.
§ XIII. Seventhly, and lastly, when we say that faith doth justify alone, we were never so absurd, as the Papists absurdly charge us, as if we meant, that faith alone doth sanctify. For although nothing in us doth confer with faith to the act of justification as any cause thereof, (in which sense we say, it justifieth alone) yet in the subject; that is, the party justified, many graces do concur with faith, as the necessary fruits thereof; wherein, as also in our obedience, our sanctification standeth, wherefore faith, which justifieth alone, is but one of those many graces, wherein besides our obedience, our sanctification doth consist.
CAP. III. Of the Essentiall causes of Justification; viz. The matter and the form.
§. I.
B Ut let us come to the essential causes of justification, that is to say, the matter and the form. The matter of justification, considered as it is an action of God, is that which the Lord imputeth unto us for righteousness, and accepteth as our righteousness, and that is the righteousness of Christ, which I noted in the definition, when I said, imputing to a believing sinner the righteousness of Christ. The Papists confounding not only justice and justification, but also the matter (which is the material cause) and the subject; say, that the matter of justification is the soul of man, or at the least the will of man; because that is the seat of justice, whereas indeed of justification, though passively understood, not the soul or the will is the subject, but the person or the whole man. For justification is totius suppositi, of the person, and not of any part or faculty of man. But for the better clearing of this point, let us briefly consider other not unlike actions: First, when Rebecca arrayed or clothed her son Jacob with the raiment of Esau her elder son, the matter of this action was that, which being applied unto him, did clothe him, viz. Esau's garment: the form of that action was the applying of it to him, which was the indution or putting it on. For she clothed him by putting upon him Esau's garment. So the Lord justifieth us by putting upon us our eldest brothers righteousness, which is our wedding garment. Which similitude is used not only by Saint Ambrose, but also by Pighius himself, as hereafter shall be shown. The matter therefore of justification is Christ's righteousness: the form is the imputing thereof. Secondly, the actions of redemption, reconciliation and justification in substance are the same. As therefore the Lord redeemeth us, and reconcileth us by applying unto us and accepting for us the righteousness and merits of Christ, as the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , or price of ransom, and as the propitiation; for God was in Christ reconciling the world to himself, 2 Cor. 5. 19. so he justifieth us, by applying unto us and accepting for us, the same righteousness and merits of Christ, as our righteousness. As the matter therefore of our redemption is the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , or price of ransom which Christ paid for us; the matter of reconciliation is the propitiatory sacrifice which Christ offered for us; the matter of justification is Christ's righteousness which he had and performed for us: so the form of redemption, as it is God's action, is the applying unto us the price of ransom which Christ paid, and the accepting of it in our behalf; the form of reconciliation, the applying unto us the propitiation made by Christ, and accepting of it in our behalf; the form of justification, the applying or imputing of Christ's righteousness unto us, and accepting it in our behalf. In like manner the Papists, if they would consider Justification as an action of God, should according to their own doctrine conceive, that of their first justification; whereby as they teach, a sinner is made righteous by infusion of righteousness; the matter is the righteousness infused or inherent, the form the infusion thereof: because according to their doctrine, the Lord in the first justification maketh a man righteous by infusion of righteousness. The Papists confess after a sort, the righteousness of Christ to be the merit of justification, but they deny it to be the matter thereof, whereas indeed it is both: the matter, as justification is the act of God imputing it; the merit, as justification is passively understood, because for it we are justified: the matter, I say, of God's justifying us; the merit of our being justified. And this may appear by the contrary: For justification, as hath been said, and shall be proved, is opposed to condemnation. As therefore sin is not only the matter of condemnation, which is the imputation of sin; but also the merit both of the sentence, and of the punishment by the sentence awarded: so the righteousness of Christ is both the matter of justification, as being that which God imputeth to us; and also the merit both of the sentence of absolution, and of eternal life, unto which we are accepted.
§. II. But of the matter and form of justification, whereof I am hereafter to treat at large; of the matter, in the whole fourth book; of the form, in the fifth, I will here only set down briefly the orthodox doctrine of the reformed Churches, and maintain it against the private opinions of some protestant Divines, who are not sound in these points.
The matter of justification is that righteousness, wherein we stand perfectly righteous before God. This in many places is called the righteousness of God. As Rom. 1. 17. 3. 21. 10. 3. 2 Cor. 5. 21. 2 Pet. 1. 1. And is therefore called the righteousness of God, because it is the righteousness of that person, who is God, and therefore is not our righteousness, but his; not infused into us, but inherent in his person, and imputed to us, being without us in him. Hear then we are to consider whether this righteousness of God be the righteousness of Christ, as he is God, or as he is mediator betwixt God and man, the man Christ Jesus. The righteousness of Christ, as he is God, is the essential righteousness of the Godhead. By which dwelling in man, Osiander supposed them to be justified. But this, being the essential and uncreated righteousness of God, which is his essence, and therefore himself, cannot be the righteousness of any who is not God; and therefore if we should be justified thereby, we should also be deified. Again, the essential righteousness of God, being the essence of God and the very Godhead, cannot be communicated to any creature, much less can it become the accidental righteousness of a creature. And farther, it being the righteousness of the Godhead, is the common righteousness of the whole Trinity, the Father, the Son, and the holy Ghost. And therefore if we should be justified thereby, we should be justified by the righteousness of the Father, and of the holy Ghost, as well as by the righteousness o •… the Son.
§. III. It is not therefore the righteousness of the Godhead. Is it then the righteousness of the Manhood? I answer, it is the righteousness of Christ our Mediator, who is both God and man which he in his humanity had and performed in the days of his flesh for us. And this is to be understood not of a part but of the whole righteousness of Christ, which was either inherent in the man Christ, or performed by him; whether to fulfill the Commandments, or to satisfy the Curse of the Law for us. This righteousness of Christ (that I may speak more distinctly of it) is either negative (if I may so speak) or positive. By the negative, I understand an absence of all sins and vices forbidden in the Law. By the positive, I mean both a presence of all virtues and duties required to the perfect fulfilling of the Commandments, and also of the voluntary suffering of the penalty to satisfy the commination and curse of the Law. The Negative is that, which we call the innocence of Christ, whereof the Scriptures speak in many places: signifying that he was not only blameless, free in himself from all imputation of sin, being 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , unreprovable, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , unblameable John 8. 46. 1 Pet. 1. 19. but also spotless, free from all infection of sin, as being 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 without spot, 1 Pet. 1. 19. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , harmless and undefiled, Heb. 7. 26. one, who never did, nor sp •… ke evil, 1 Pet. 2. 22, 23. nor ever offended in thought, but was absolutely and in all respects 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , without sin, Heb. 4. 15. as one who knew no sin.
§. IV. The positive righteousness of Christ, is twofold, his perfect fulfilling of all things commanded in the Law, and his perfect satisfaction in respect of the punishment threatened. The former is the holiness of Christ, which the Apostle calleth the Law of the Spirit of life in Christ, Rom. 8. 2. which is also twofold, the holiness of his nature, which is his habitual righteousness: the holiness of his life and conversation, which is his actual obedience. The holiness of his Nature, in that being conceived of the holy Ghost, and sanctified by him Matth. 1. 22. Luk. 1. 35. he was also adorned with all virtues and graces, and that without measure, John 3. 34. In respect whereof he was said to be anointed with the oil of gladness above his fellows, Psalm. 45. 7. for he was full of the Spirit, Isaiah. 11. 2. full of grace and truth, John 1. 14. full, I say, not plenitudine vasis, in which sense foam of the faithful have been said to have been full of the holy Ghost, and full of grace; but plenitudine fontis, for of his fullness we receive even grace for grace, John 1. 16. according to the measure of the donation of Christ, Ephes. 4. 7. The holiness of Christ's life was that whereby he continued in all the things which were written in the book of the Law to do them, and that for us. For he came not to break the Law, but to fulfill it, Matth. 5. 17. He fulfilled all righteousness, Matth 3. 15. and always did those things which please God, John. 8. 29. He performed in his flesh 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , whatsoever the Law requireth to justification, Rom. 8. 4. and therefore most worthily is he often called in the Scriptures not only righteous and holy, as Isaiah 53. 11. Act. 4. 27. Heb. 7. 26. 1 John. 2. 20. Apoc. 3. 7. but also the just and the holy, Act. 3. 14. the just, 1 John. 2. 2. the holy one of God, Act. 2. 27. the holy of holies, Dan. 9. 24.
The other part of Christ's positive righteousness is his passive obedience, which is called Obedientia Crucis, the obedience of the Cross, wherein he willingly submitted himself to endure those punishments for us, which might satisfy the Justice of God, and the sentence of the Law for our sins, as it is said, Phil. 2. 8. He humbled himself and became obedient to the death, even the death of the Cross, and Gal. 3. 13. Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the Law, himself being made a curse for us. Now this passive obedience appeareth not only in his death and passion, though in that principally, but also in all other his sufferings which he voluntarily sustained for us in the whole course of his life, as poverty, shame, sorrow, &c. The matter therefore of our justification is that whole righteousness, which was either inherent in the man Christ, or performed by him; whether to fulfill the commandments, or to satisfy the curse of the Law for us.
§ V. This righteousness of Christ our Mediator, though inherent in the human nature and performed by it, yet is most truly, and to us most comfortably called (according to that kind of phrase which is termed 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , the communication of properties) the righteousness of God, because it is the righteousness of that Person, which is God; who, though a branch of David according to the flesh, is Jehovah our righteousness, Ier. 23. 6. God above all blessed for evermore, Rom. 9. 5. In this sense the Jews are said to have killed the Author of life, Act. 3. 15. and to have crucified the Lord of Glory, 1 Cor. 2. 8. For as the blessed Virgin is said to be 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , the Mother of God, because she is the Mother of that Person who is God: so the righteousness of our Mediator, who is both God and man, is called the righteousness of God; because it is the righteousness of that Person, who is perfect God. Thus that blood, by which we are redeemed, is called the blood of God, Act. 20. 28. or, which is all one, the blood of the Son of God, 1 John. 1. 7. The life which was laid down for us, was the life of God, 1 John. 3. 16. the death by which we are reconciled to God, is the death of his Son, Rom. 5. 10. the obedience by which we are constituted just, Rom. 5. 19. is the obedience of the same Son of God; who being God coequal with his Father, humbled himself and became obedient to his Father even unto death, Phil. 2. 6, 8. and being the Son of God, was made subject to the Law, that he might redeem those that were under the Law, that we might receive the adoption of sons, Gal. 4. 4. 5.
§ VI. This doctrine of the Gospel, that the righteousness, by which we are justified, is the righteousness of God, is the chief stay of our faith, and the principal foundation of our comfort. For hereby we understand, his sufferings to be an all-sufficient satisfaction to redeem us from hell, and his obedience of all-sufficient merit to entitle us unto the kingdom of heaven. And that we might know undoubtedly, that his sufferings were the sufferings of God, and his obedience the obedience of God, that is, of him that is God; therefore by his divine Spirit, by which he had offered himself to God, he raised himself from death to life, and to glory; by which his resurrection, he was mightily declared to be the Son of God, that our faith and hope might be in God. For had not Christ risen from the dead, it had been a plain evidence of his not being God; and then our faith were va •… ne, and we should yet remain in our sins. But seeing Jesus Christ, who is of God made unto us righteousness, is God, even Jehovah our righteousness, hence we learn, that the righteousness, by which we are justified, is the righteousness of God; and consequently of infinite price and merit. For although the Godhead of Christ neither obeyed, nor suffered anything for us: yet seeing the person, which obeyed and suffered, was and is not only man, but also God: therefore the Godhead affordeth such d •… gnity, virtue, efficacy and merit to the obedience and sufferings of his Manhood; as that his sufferings are an all-sufficient price of ransom, and satisfaction for the sins of the whole world, as being the sufferings of God, and therefore of infinite value: and his holiness and obedience being the righteousness of God, and therefore of infinite merit, and far surpassing the righteousness of all men and Angels; maketh all those, to whom it is imputed, most perfectly righteous before God in Christ. Wherefore they who are clothed with this royal robe of Christ's righteousness (as all the faithful are) may with boldness appear before the judgment seat of God, because they stand just before him, not in their own righteousness, which is imperfect; but in the most perfect righteousness of Christ, against which no just exception can be taken. After this righteousness therefore of Christ we ought to hunger and thirst; after this righteousness of God we ought principally to seek▪ to obtain this most precious pe •… rle, we are to forgo all that we have, esteemimg our own righteousness (in the question of justification, if it should be obtruded as the matter thereof) and whatsoever else of ours might seem to be an advantage unto us, or praise-worthy among men, as polluted clouts, as dung, and the opinion of our own worthiness and righteousness as loss, so we may obtain that pearl; and that we gaining Christ may be found in him, not as having our own righteousness, which is that which is prescribed in the •… awe, but that which is by the faith of Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith, that is the righteousness of Christ which is imputed of God, being apprehended by faith. Now that this righteousness of God is the matter of our justification before God, and not any righteousness inher •… nt in us, or performed by us, I shall prove at large in my fourth and seventh Books. Here only I allege the plain testimonies of the holy Ghost, that Christ is made unto us of God our righteousness, 1 Cor. 1. 30 that he is Jehovah our righteousness, and that by his blood we are justified and absolved from our sins, Rom 5. 9. and by his obedience, opposite to Adams disobedience, we are made or constituted just, Rom. 5. 19.
§ VII. The formal cause of justification is the imputation of Christ's righteousness, because by imputing it the Lord doth justify; which •… expressed in the definition. And this necessarily followeth upon that which hath been said of the matter. For it cannot be imagined how we should be justified by that righteousness of Christ, which is out of us in him, otherwise than by imputation. For even as we were made sinners by Adams personal disob •… dience; so we a •… e made righteous by the obedience of Ch •… ist. But how could we either be made sinners by Adams disobedience, or justified by the obedience of Christ, whether active or passive, unless they were communicated unto us. How could they possibly be communicated unto us, being both transient, and having now no being? For true is that saying of a learned Philosopher, Motus non est nisi dum fit; postquam factus est, non est: A motion (whether it be action or passion) hath no bei •… g, but whiles it is in doing or suffering; after it is done, it hath no being. Adams tranl gression was transient, and is past and gone so many thousand years past: the active obedience of Christ was transient, and so was his passive obedience, which had a being in rerum natura, no longer than they were in doing and in sus •… ring. How then can either Adams disobedience, or Christ's obedience be communicated unto us? I answer, in respect of both, as Bellarmine answereth in respect of the former. Communicatur eo modo, quo communicari potest, id quod trans •… it, nimirum per imputationem: It is communicated after that manner, whereby that may be communicated which is transient and gone, to wit, by imputation.
§. VIII. The same Bellarmine with other Papists doth confess, that the satisfaction of Christ is imputed unto us; but the imputation of his righteousness they deny, when as indeed the imputation of Christ's •… atisfaction, is the imputation of his righteousness, for what is Christ's satisfaction but that whereby he •… ully satisfied the Law, and consequently the justice of God for us, which he did both in respect of the penalty, which he fully satisfied by bearing our iniquities; and also of the commandments, by fulfilling them: the former, is the obedience of the cross, or his passive righteousness; the latter, is his conformity to the Law, which is both his habitual and actual righteousness. By the former, he freeth us from hell▪ by the latter, he doth entitle us to the kingdom of heaven. But the meaning of the Papists is, that Christ by his satisfaction doth free us from hell; but as for heaven, we must attain to it by our own merits, as if there needed not so great a price to purchase heaven, as to redeem from hell. But it is certain, that there is required as infinite merit to purchase heaven, as there is required infinite satisfaction to redeem from hell. In respect of both God accepteth of no righteousness to our justification, that is, either to free us from hell, or to entitle us unto the Kingdom of Heaven, but that which is of infinite value; because the offense of sin, for which satisfaction is to be made, is infinite, and because the reward which is to be merited, is of infinite worth. But, that righteousness may be of infinite value, it is not necessary, as Bellarmine himself teacheth, that it should be infinite in it self; but it is sufficient, that it be the righteousness of an infinite person. And such is the righteousness of Christ, as being the righteousness of him, that is, God; such is not the righteousness of any mere creature: which is an invincible argument, as hereafter shall be shown, to prove that we are justified not by any righteousness in ourselves, but only by imputation of Christ's righteousness.
§. IX. And yet this imputation of Christ's righteousness (without which there can be no salvation) is denied, not only by the Papists, but by some others hereafter to be mentioned in the fifth chapter of this book; who seem to have been drawn to this opinion by this argument of the Papists; which I will therefore in this place answer, for their satisfaction. If (say they) Christ's righteousness and merits, whereby he redeemeth and saveth men should be imputed unto us, then should we thereby become Savior's and redeemers of others: but this latter is false; therefore the former. Answer: I deny the consequence of the proposition; for first, when we say, that we are justified by imputation of Christ's righteousness, our meaning is this, that the Lord accepteth for us, and in our behalf, the obedience and m •… rits of Christ, as if we had performed the same for ourselves in our own persons. For as the merit of Christ is the common price of redemption sufficient for the salvation of all universally, so it is the price for every particular; and so is applied to every particular, not as the common price redeeming all, but as the price of those souls in particular, to whom it is particularly applied. Secondly, the efficacy, or effect of imputation dependeth upon the will of the imputer, and therefore the force of it cannot be extended further than he extendeth it; which is the justification of the parties to whom it is imputed, but no further. Thirdly, the consequence of the proposition doth no more follow, than if I should argue thus: If by imputation of Adams transgression others are made guilty of sin and damnation, then they to whom Adams transgression is imputed are made the cause and fountain of sin and damnation in all others; but of the first and second Adam we should conceive, not as of private men; but the first Adam is to be considered, as the root of mankind, in whom when he fell, all sinned. The second, as the head of all that shall be sa •… ed, in whom, as the head communicating his merits to his members, all the faithful have (as his members) fulfilled the Law, and satisfied the justice of God for themselves. The head and the body, saith Thomas Aquinas, are as it were one mystical person, and therefore the satisfaction of Christ belongeth to all the faithful, as to his members: the Lord accepting in their behalf the obedience and Merits of Christ, as if they had performed the same in their own persons, not for others, but for themselves. And therefore by imputation of Christ's righteousness they are not redeemers, but redeemed. For though Christ, who is the Savior of his body, communicate to his members his obedience, yet not his Headship, nor his Mediatorship, in respect whereof he was and is both God and man. Man, to do and suffer: God, to give infinite value and worth to that which his Person did or suffered, for the justification and salvation of all those to whom his righteousness should be communicated and imputed; but not to make them redeemers and Savior's of others. The righteousness of the head is of sufficient virtue to justify and redeem all the members to whom it is imputed; but being imputed, the merit thereof extendeth no further, than to what end it is imputed; that is, to save the member, not to make it a Savior, nor to confound the members with the head, nor to take away the proportion, that is and ought be between the head and the members. Fourthly, to the Papists, who confess Christ's satisfaction to be imputed unto us, I return the like argument. If Christ's satisfaction, whereby he redeemed mankind be imputed unto us, then are we also redeemers of mankind: But they will not, not cannot infer, that therefore we are redeemers, but that we among others are redeemed.
§. X. But that we are justified only by the imputation of Christ's righteousness, I shall by the help of God, fully prove hereafter in my whole fifth book. Here only for a taste, I will but point at two argumenss, the former out of Rom. 4. 5. 6. 11. the basis or ground whereof is this, that whom the Lord justifieth, to them he imputeth righteousness. Now this righteousness is either the parties own, or of another. Not their own, for they are sinners, and being sinners they cannot be justified by righteousness inherent, but righteousness is imputed to them without works, that is, without respect of any obedience performed by themselves. Therefore it is the righteousness of another: That other is no other, nor can be any other, but Christ only; therefore by imputation of his righteousness we are justified. The second shall be out of 2 Cor. 5. 21. As Christ was made sin for us, so are we made the righteousness of God in him. By imputation of our sin to him, Christ, who knew no sin, was made sin, and a sinner for us; therefore by imputation of his righteousness, which here is called the righteousness of God, we who are sinners in ourselves are made righteous, not in ourselves, but in him.
CAP. IV. Whether we are justified by the passive righteousness of Christ only.
§. I.
N Ow I come to the private opinions of some of our Divines concerning the matter and some of our justification. For some as touching the matter, do hold that we are justified by the passive righteousness of Christ only. Of these men, some do not hold the matter of justification to be the passive righteousness of Christ it self, but a righteousness morte Christi partū, purchased by the death of Christ, as the meritorious cause thereof, viz. remission of sins, which they not without absurdity say is imputed to us. For what is remission of sin, but the not imputing of it? If therefore we be justified by imputation of the remission of sin, then are we justified by the imputation of the not imputing of sin. Again, the authors of this opinion confound justice with justification; for they say, that remission of sin is our justice, and that justification is nothing also but remission; when indeed neither the one, nor the other is justice, but an action of God, imputing righteousness and not imputing sin unto us. Others hold that by the passive righteousness of Christ it self meaning thereby his death and passion, we are justified, as by the only matter of justification imputed to us. But that we are not justified by the passive righteousness of Christ alone, it may appear by these reasons:
§. II. By what alone the Law is fully satisfied, by that we are justified, and by what alone the Law is not fully satisfied, by that alone we are not justified. By the whole righteousness of Christ, that is to say, the righteousness of his person, that is, his holiness, or habitual righteousness; the righteousness of his life, which was his obedience or actual righteousness; the righteousness of his death and passion, which is obedientia crucis, or his passive righteousness, the Law was fully satisfied or fulfilled: but by the passive obedience alone of Christ the Law was not fulfilled; therefore by the whole righteousness of Christ and not by the passive only we are justified. The proposition is thus proved: there is no justification before God without perfect and complete righteousness, for without that no man can stand in judgment before God, and to imagine, that a man is justified without justice, is as absurd, as to conceive that a man is clothed without apparel: For they that are justified are clothed with righteousness, as having put on Christ, whose righteousness is their wedding garment, signified by that white and shining linen, which are the justifications of the Saints. But there is no perfect righteousness, but that which fulfilleth the Law, and is fully conformable unto it, it being the perfect, perpetual and immutable rule of righteousness, Matth. 5. 18. therefore without the fulfilling of the Law, either by ourselves, or by another for us, there is no justification. Now to the full satisfying and fulfilling of the Law, since the fall of Adam, two things are required; not only a perfect and perpetual conformity to the Law to satisfy the commandment, and to fulfill the condition of the legal promise, Do this and live: but also a full satisfaction to the sentence of the Law by bearing the penalty therein denounced, in regard of sins already committed. Again, faith or the true doctrine of justification by faith, doth not abrogate the Law, but establish it. But if it should teach justification without Christ's fulfilling of the Law for us, it should abrogate the Law, and not establish it.
§ III. Of the assumption there are two parts: the former affirmative, that by the whole righteousness of Christ the Law is fully satisfied and fulfilled; for by his sufferings the penalty of the Law is fully satisfied for us to free us from hell, and by his righteousness, both hab •… tuall and actual, the commandments were fulfilled for us, to entitle us unto heaven. Neither of which we were able to perform for ourselves: for neither could we satisfy the penalty, but by everlasting punishment; neither could we fulfill the commandment, but by a total, perfect, and perpetual obedience; which to us, by reason of the flesh, is unpossible. And this was the miserable estate, wherein the Law did hold us: both to be accursed, if but once, and that in the least degree we did break it (which the best of us often do, and sometimes in an high degree) and to be excluded from justification and salvation, if we did not fully and perfectly fulfill it, which since the fall hath been impossible. Wherefore as without imputation of Christ's sufferings we could not be freed from hell; so without his obedience and perfect conformity to the Law imputed unto us, we cannot be justified or saved. By the former, our blessed Savior hath redeemed us from the curse of the Law, himself being made a curse for us; by the latter he maketh us partakers of the promised blessedness, by performing for us that righteousness, which was the condition of the promise, Do this and live.
The negative part is, that by the only passive righteousness of Christ the Law is not fulfilled. The Law indeed is thereby fully satisfied in our behalf for the avoiding of the penalty therein threatened; but not fulfilled in respect of the commandment for the obtaining of the blessedness therein promised. For the righteousness, which is of the Law, is thus described, that the man which doth those things (which are commanded) shall live therein.
§ IIII. Against this assumption divers exceptions are taken. First, that the Law is satisfied either by doing that which is commanded, or by bearing the punishment, which is threatened. Answ. It is true in respect of the penal statutes of men, but not in respect of God's commandments, in which there is not only a penalty threatened, but blessedness also promised. If man had continued in his integrity, the Law might have been satisfied by obedience only: but being fallen into a state of disobedience, two things are necessarily required to the fulfilling of the Law; the bearing of the penalty, in respect of sin already committed, to escape hell; and the perfect performing of the commandments, which is the condition of the covenant, Do this and live, to attain to the life promised: but neither alone will suffice to justification. For neither will our obedience satisfy for the punishment as Bellarmine confesseth; nor the bearing of the punishment perform the condition of the promise. But both must concur.
§ V. Inst. I. But it will be said, that whosoever are freed from hell, are also admitted into heaven. Answ. The reason thereof is, because our Savior, who did bear the punishment to free them from hell, did also fulfill the commandments to bring them to heaven. But howsoever these two benefits of Christ do always concur in the party justified; as the causes thereof concur in Christ, who not only did both obey and suffer, but in obeying suffered, and in suffering obeyed: yet both the causes between themselves and the effects are to be distinguished. For as it is one thing to obey the commandment, another to suffer the punishment: so it is one thing to be freed from hell by Christ his suffering the penalty, another to be entitled to heaven by his fulfilling the commandments.
§ VI. Inst. II. Yea but God is a most free Agent, and therefore may if he will justify men by the passive righteousness of Christ only without fulfilling of the Law. Answ. What God may do, if he will, I will not dispute; but •… ure I am, that he justifieth men according to his will revealed in his word. Wherein it is revealed, first, that God hath taken that course for the justifying and saving of sinners, as serveth most for the illustration of the glory of his justice, as well as of his mercy. And therefore as in mercy he freeth none from hell, for whom his justice is not satisfied: so in mercy he admitteth none to heaven, for whom Christ hath not by his obedience merited the fame. Secondly, it is revealed, that the judgment of God is according to the truth, and therefore he justifieth none by his sentence, but such as he maketh just by imputation of Christ's righteousness; thereby not only absolving them from their sins, but also accepting, yea constituting them righteous in CHRIST. Thirdly, that as we are justified from our sins by the blood of Christ; so we are made just by his obedience: that as he was made sin for us, so we were made the righteousness of God in him; that as we are reconciled unto God by the death of his Son, so we are justified and saved by his life: by his life, I say, which he lived before his death in the days of his flesh; and by the life which he lived, and doth live, after his death. By the acts of his life before his death, meritoriously; by the acts of his life after his death, as his resurrection, his ascension, his session at the right hand of his Father and intercession, his coming again to judgment, he saveth us effectually, that Christ as he was made unto us redemption, so also righteousness; that as he came to deliver us from sin, so to bring in everlasting righteousness, Dan. 9. 24.
§ VII. Inst. III. If we be justified by Christ his fulfilling of the Law then we are justified by a legal righteousness; but we are not justified by a legal justice; but by such a righteousness, as without the Law is revealed in the Gospel. Answ. The same righteousness, by which we are justified, is both legal and Evangelical in divers respects. Legal, in respect of Christ, who being made under the Law, that he might redeem us, who were under the Law, perfectly fulfilled the Law for us. Evangelical, in respect of us, unto whom his fulfilling of the Law is imputed. And herein standeth the main, both agreement and difference between the Law and the Gospel. The agreement, that both unto justification require the perfect fulfilling of the Law: the difference, that the Law requireth to justification perfect obedience to be performed in our own persons. The Gospel propoundeth to justification the righteousness of God, that is, the perfect righteousness of Christ, who is God, performed for us, and accepted in the behalf of them that believe, as if it had been performed in their own persons.
§ VIII. Our second reason. As by the disobedience of the first Adam, by which he transgressed the Law, men were made sinners, his disobedience being imputed to them: so by the obedience of the second Adam whereby he fulfilled the Law, men are made righteous, his obedience being imputed to them. In answer to this argument, two novelties are broached; the former, that as we were made sinners by one act of disobedience committed by one man, and that but once: so we are justified by one act of obedience performed by one and that but once; which was that oblation of Christ, whereby he but once offered himself. Whereunto I reply, first, that between sin, whereby the Law is broken, and obedience whereby the Law is fulfilled, there is great ods. The Law is broken by any one act of sin; for he that offendeth in any one, is guilty of all. But the Law is not fulfilled by any one act of obedience, but by a total, perfect, and perpetual observation of the Law; for by the sentence of the Law he is accursed, whosoever doth not continue in all the things which are written in the book of the Law to do them. But in no one act of obedience, there neither is, nor can be a continuance in doing all the things that are commanded. Secondly, that although the obedience by which we are justified was but of one man, yet it was not one act, but as the Apostle calleth it in the verse going before, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . Now 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 is all that the Law requireth to justification. The second Novelty is, that neither Adam in sinning transgressed the Law, nor our Savior in his obedience to death obeyed the Law. For neithe •… the commandment given to the first Adam concerning the forbidden fruit, nor the commandment given to the second Adam concerning his suffering of death for us, was any commandment of the Law; no more than the commandment given to Abraham for the sacrificing of his son, or 〈1 page duplicate〉 〈1 page duplicate〉 to the Israelites for the spoiling of the Egyptians, but a special commandment. Whereto I reply, that although everything which God commandeth in particular, be not expressed in the Law; yet we have a general commandment expressed in the Law, that whatsoever God commandeth we must do; and if we do it not, we sin; and every sin is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , that is, a transgression of the Law.
§ IX. Our third reason. If Christ by his conformity to the Law fulfilled the Law for us, then his obedience in fulfilling of the Law is accepted of God in our behalf, as if we had fulfilled it in our own persons: but Christ by his conformity to the Law fulfilled the Law for us; therefore his obedience in fulfilling of the Law is accepted of God in our behalf, as if we had fulfilled it in our own persons; that is to say, both his habitual and actual righteousness is imputed to us. The consequence of the proposition is necessary, for if he performed obedience for us and in our behalf; he performed it in vain, if it be not accepted for us and in our behalf. The assumption also is of necessary truth; for first, that Christ did fulfill the Law it is evident, for himself professeth, that he came to fulfill the Law, Matth. 5. 17. that it became him to fulfill all righteousness, Matth. 3. 15. that he did always those things which please God, John. 8. 29. and the Scripture testifieth, that not for himself but for us he fulfilled 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , whatsoever the Law requireth to justification: that his whole life was a perpetual course of obedience, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , even until his death; which he performed not for himself; for as he was incarnate, not for himself, but for us men and for our salvation, (for it was the exinanition of himself) so being incarnate, he sanctificed himself for us, and was made under the Law, not for himself, for that was a farther degree of humiliation; that being man he humbled himself to be obedient, even until his death, and therein also humbled himself to undergo the death of the cross. The Apostle Rom. 10. 4. teacheth, that Christ is th •… end, that is, the perfection 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , as the Greek Fathers speak; that is, complement of the Law to all that believe unto righteousness, that is, that he hath fulfilled the Law for all believers, in so much that all who truly believe, have in Christ fulfilled the Law. Upon which place Remigius writing saith, Christus fin •… •… gis, in completio legis, Christ the end of the Law, that is, the fulfilling of the Law; Theodoret. He that believeth in our Lord Christ, he hath fulfilled the scope of the Law, and what that is Chrysostom showeth. For, saith he, What did the Law intend? To make a man just, but it was not able, for never any fulfilled it; but this end our Savior Christ hath more amply accomplished through faith, if therefore thou believest in Christ, th •… hast not only fulfilled the Law, but much more than it commanded, for thou hast received a far greater righteousness, and what can that be, but the righteousness of Christ? And Photias, whosoever therefore, saith the Apostle, believeth in Christ, he fulfilleth the Law. Sedulius likewise, he hath the perfection of the Law, who believeth in Christ. This therefore doth plainly prove, that Christ's obedience in fulfilling the Law is imputed to all that believe unto righteousness, as if themselves had fulfilled it. And this is the conceived doctrine of the Church of England, that Christ satisfied the justice of God and redeemed us, not only by the oblation of his body and shedding of his blood, but also by the full and perfect fulfilling of the Law, and the same was taught by