The Unfortunate Politician

The first Book.

1. A Lexius Comnenus, only Son of Manuel Comnenus, succeeded his Father in the Empire of Constantinople. A child he was in Age & Judgment: of wit, too short to measure an honorable sport, but lost himself in low delights. He hated a book, more then a monster did a looking-glass, and when his Tutor indeavored to play him into Schollership, by presenting pleasant Authors unto him, he returned, that learning was beneath the Greatness of a Prince, who, if wanting it, might borrow it from his subjects, being better stored; for (saith he) if they will not lend me their brains, I will take away their heads. Yea he allowed no other Librarie, then a full stored Cellar, resembling the Butts to Folioes. Barrells to Quartoes, smaller Runlets, to lesser Volumes, and studied away his time, with base Company, in such debauchednesse.

2. Leave we Alexius drowning his Care, or rather carelessness in wine, to behold Zene his mother the Regent Empresse. Surfeting also in pleasure with her husband Proto-sebastus, who had married her, Since the decease of Manuel her late husband. This Proto-sebastus a better Stallion, then war-horse, was a perfect Epicure, (so that Apitius, in comparison of him, was a Churl to starve himself,) better at his palate, then his tongue, yet better at his tongue, then his Arms, being a notorious Coward. He, with the Empresse, conspired to the dissolute Education of young Alexius, keeping him in constant ignorance of himself, their strength consisting in his weakness, who had he been bred to understand his own power, might probably have curbed their exorbitances.

3. The Body of the Grecian State, at this time, must needs be strāgely distempered, under such heads. Preferment was only scattered amongst Parasites, for them to scramble for it. The Court had as many Factions, as Lord's, save that all their divisions united themselves in a general viciousness; and that Theodorus the Patriarh, was scoffed at by all as an antick for using Goodneesse, when it was out of fashion and was adjudged impudent, for presuming to be pious alone by himself.

4. As for the City of Constantinople, the chief seat of the Grecian Empire; she had enjoyed happiness so long, that now she pleaded Prescription for prosperity. Because living in Peace Time out of mind, she conceived it, rather a wrong, to have constant Quiet denied, than a favor, from Heaven, to have it continued unto her. Indeed, She was grown sick, of a Surfet of health, and afterwards was broken, with having too much Riches. For instead of honest industry, & painful thrift, which first caused the greatness of this City: now flowing with wealth, there was nothing therein, but the swelling of Pride, the boiling of lust, the fretting of Envy, and the squeezing of Oppression. So that should their dead Auncestours arise, they would be puzzl'd to see Constantinople for itself, except they were directed there unto, by the Ruines of St. Sophies Temple. True it was, some years since, upon agreat famine, some hopes were given of a general Amendment. During which time, Riot began to grow thrifty, pride to go plain, Gluttons to fast, and wantons were starved into Temperance. But forced Reformation will last no longer, then the violent cause thereof doth Continue. For soon after, when plenty was again restord, they relapsed to their former Badnesse; yea afterwards became fouler for the Purge, and more wanton for the Rod, when it was Removed.

5. Now there was an Antifashion in the Grecian Empire, maintained by some Lord's of ancient Extraction, who were highly offended at the great Power which Proto-Sebastus, and L. Xene the Empresse usurped to themselves; and meeting privately together, Andronicus Lapardas, as prolocutor for the rest, vented his discontentment. Complaining, it was more then high time, that they now awake out of the Lethargy of Security, into which, by fools lullabyes, they had cozened themselves. That they in the Empire, which have most at the Stake, are made only lookers on; sometimes admitted to the Counsel, out of Complement, and for Countenance barely to concur; but for the main kept in Ignorance of most material passages. That their names are all branded for Death, and that no love to their persons, but fear what might follow, had hitherto secured their lives. In a word; that they must speedily resolve on some projects for their protection, or else they should approve themselves heirs to Epimetheus, who is not found to have left any Land unto his Sons, but only to have bequeathed an useless Sorrow unto them, for their Portion.

Hereupon they entered into a strict Combination with themselves secretly, vowing that they would improve their utmost might to bring in Andronicus Comnenus, a Prince of the blood, one of great parts and abilities, (but lately banished out of the Empire) to counterpoise the power of Proto-Sebastus, and to free young Alexius from the wardship of such as abused him. We will present the Reader with a list of their Titles and offices, who were engaged in this design; entreating him not to be offended with us, because of the hardness and length of their Names; but rather with their God-fathers who Christened them. We have an English Proverb that bones bring meat to Town, and those who are desirous to feast themselves on the pleasant & profitable passages of History, must be content some time to stoop their stomachs to feed on hard words, which bring matter along with them.

7.

• First, Maria Prophyrogenita Caesarissa daughter to Manuel the late Emperor, by a former wife, half sister to Alexius the young Emperor.
• 2. Caesar her Husband, an Italian Lord, who was so overtopped with the high birth, and spirit of his wife, that in this History we find him not grown much above the bare mention of his Name.
• 3. Conto-Stephanus, the Great Duke, Admiral of the Galleys.
• 4. Camaterus Basilius President of the City.
• 5. Hagiochristophorites Stephanus, Captain of the Guard.
• 6. Disypatus Georgius Lecturer in the great Church, (an higher office, then the moderne acceptation of the word doth imply.)
• 7. Tripsycus Constantine one of the most noble extractions.
• 8. Macroducas Constantine, no whit inferior to him in pedigree, or power.
• 9. Andronicus Lapardas, formerly mentioned, together with the aforesaid
• 10. Theodorus, the Patriarch, last named, because least interested. For in matters of piety, he was governed by his conscience, but in matters of Policy, by good Company▪ being therein himself utterly unskilled: and strangers in unknown ways commonly follow the most beaten Tract of others before them. All these join'd in a league to bring Andronicus home to Constantinople, who, what he was, and how qualified, we will not forestall the Reader, conceiving it, though something painful, yet more healthful for him to gain his Character by degrees in the Sequell of his Actions, wherein he will sufficiently discover himself, without our description of him.

8. Now Maria Caesarissa was employed unto Andronicus (having ability in her self, and advantage by her Sex for the cunning carriage of the matter) to acquaint him with their designs. She coming to Oenaeum, where he lived in Banishment, informed him of the general discontent in the Grecian Empire: And how those which basely served Xene, did only command in the State. That, besides those great persons, (whose names she presented in writing) many others (as yet scrupulous Newters) would have their doubts fully satisfied, and declare on his side when they saw him appear with a powerful Army. That it would be a meritorious work to enfranchise his Kinsman Alexius from their slavery, where-under he, and the Grecian Empire did groan.

9. Welcom was this Invitation to Andronicus, to be requested to do, what of himself he desired. How willingly doth the fire fly upwards, especially when employed to fill up a vacuity; because then doing 3. good Offices, with one motion; Namely, expressing its Dutifulnesse to the Dictates of Dame Nature; and contributing in Case of Necessity, to the Preservation of the Universe; and pleasing its own peculiar Tendency, which delights in ascending: Such now the Condition of Andronicus, who in this undertaking, would show Courteous in granting the Request of his friends, appear pious in promoting the general good, and withal satisfy the Appetite of his own Ambition and Revenge. Wherefore with treasure, whereof he had plenty, he provided men and Arms, and prepared with all speed for the Expedition.

10. But he could not be more busy about his War, then Xene was employed about her wantonnesse, counting in life all spilled, that was not sport, who to revenge herself on envious death, meant in mirth to make herself Reparation, for the Shortnesse of her life. That time, which flieth of it self, she sought to drive a way, with unlawful Recreations. And though Music did jar, and mirth was profaneness, at this present time, wherein all did feel what was bad, and fear what was worse, yet she by wanton Songes (Panders to Lust) and other provocatives, did awake the sleeping Sparks of her Corruption, into a flame of open wickedness.

11. But it was a great and sudden abatement to her jollity to hear, that Andronicus, with a puissant Army, was approaching the City. Alexius Protosebastus, her minion, did woe all people to make resistance. But he found abundance of Neuters, (of that luke-warm temper) which Heaven and Hell doth hate,) who would not out of their Houses, but stay at home and side with neither party, these did maintain that the public Good was nothing but the result of many men's particular good, and therefore held; that in saving their own they advanced the general. Indeed they hoped, though the great vessel of the State was wracked, in a private fly-boat of Neutrality, to waft their own Adventure safe to the Shore. But whoever saw dancers on Rops, so equally to poise themselves, but at last they fell down and brake their Necks? And we will take the Boldness to point at these hereafter, and to show what was their Success.

12. The best thing w ^ch befrended Protosebastus (next to his own Money) was the obliging disposition of Xene. She had as many Nets as Gestures to catch affections in, and with her Smiles, did not only press, but pay all Carpet Knights, and amorous Persons to be of her party. The City of Constantinople was thrice walled, with wood, stones, and bones, plenty of Shipping, artificial Fortifications, and multitudes of men. The worst was, their Arsenall was a goodly Stable of gallant wooden Horses, but they wanted Riders to manage them, The Grecians (at this time) being very simple Seamen, though Nature may seem both to woe and teach them to be skillful Mariners, by affording them plenty of Safe Harbours. However the Grecians conceiving Navigation beneath their honor (which indeed was above their Industrie, ) resigned the benefit of Trading in their own Seas to the Italians of Pisa, Genoa, Florence, and Venice. Protosebastus hired Mercenary Mariners of these, and with them man'd his Ships, Stopping the passages of Propontis, by which Andronicus coming from Paphlagonia, out of the lesser Asia, was to pass.

13 But now an Admiral was to be provided for his Navy: Conto-Stephanus the great Duke, formerly mentioned, challenged the Place as proper to himself, scorning to be made a Stale to wear the Style in Peace, and not to execute the Office in war, when occasion was offered to show his valor, and serve his Country. What should Protosebastus do? it is equally dangerous to offend, or employ him. Yet he resolves on the latter, not willing to teach him, to be dishonest by suspecting him, and conceiving it to be an engagement, on a Noble Nature to be trusty, because he was trusted. But he no sooner received the Charge, but betrayed all the Galleyes to Andronicus, whereby in an instant he was made Master of all those Seas. The news whereof being brought to the City; oh what riding, what running, what packing, what posting! happy he that could trip up his Neighbors heels, to get first into the favor of Andronicus. Many that stakit their wives and children at home in the City, had laid good Betts abroad on the opposite Party.

14. Andronicus being easily wafted over, comes to the Gates of Constantinople. Here to oppose him, there was rather a Skirmish then a Fight, or rather a flourish then a skirmish, the land forces consisting of two Sorts. First old Soldiers, who formerly having been notorious Plunderers, had their Arms so pressed down, with the weight of the people's just Curses, that they could not lift up their Swords to any purpose, but having formerly preyed on their Friends, were made a prey to there Foes: Secondly Citizens; used only to traverse their Shops, and unacquainted with military Performances. The city once entered, was instantly conquered, (whose strength was much overfam'd) such populous Places, like unwieldy bodies, sink with their own weight.

15. Protosebastus was taken Prisoner, and was kept some days and nights waking, being pinched, when once offering to shut his eyes. A torment which we meet not with to be used to so high a person, though (they say) of late in Fashion, for the discovery of Witches.

But to put him out of his pain, Andronicus is conceived by some, merciful unto him, in causing his eyes to be bored out, seeing it was less torture not to see, then not to sleep; So much for this great Coward, though this his Character, cannot be guessed from his Demeanour herein, seeing a better Soldier might have been worsted in this Expedition againg Force, of open Foes, and fraud of seeming friends, it being impossible to make them fight, who are resolved to fly.

16. The Army thus entering the City, some outrages, they must of Course commit, but those, neither for Number or Nature, such as might have been expected: For when a place is taken by Assault, the most strict Commanders are not able to keep the mouths of their Soldiers Swords fasting, but may be commended for moderate, if they feed not to a Surfet. Besides, such was the infinite wealth of Constantinople, her treasures would tempt the fingers of Saints, much more of Soldiers; the Paphlagonians, (whereof the Army consisted,) vowed, that seeing their Swords had done so good service, they would make hilts of Gold, for their Blades of Steele.

17. There was then inhabiting in the City of Constantinople, multitudes of Frankes (understand French, Germans, and principally Italians, ) so that well might this City be called new Rome, from the abundance of Latins that lived therein, These first by Manufactures, and then by Merchandice, got great wealth, (their diligence being more, and Luxury less then the Greeks, ) insomuch that they engrossed all Trading to themselves. This attracted the Envy of the Natives, that Strangers should suck the Marrow of the State, alleging, that in Processe of time, the Ivy would grow to be an Oak, & those prove absolute in their own power, which, at first, were dependent for their Protection. Andronicus with some-thing more than a bare Connivance, though less then a full Command, freely consigned these Frankes over to the Rapine of his Army.

18. Such of them as related, by former Freindship or Alliance to the Grecians, fled to them for shelter, who, instead of preserving, persecuted them, their Company being Conceived Infectious, lest it should bring the Plague of the Soldiers fury along with it. And who finds a faithful friend in Miserie? All their goods were spoild, and most of there lives spill'd, save such as formerly had escaped by flight to their Ships. Thus Andronicus found a cheap way, both to pay his Soldiers, and please the People, who counted him an excellent Pysician of the State, and this a great Cure done by him, in purging the superfluous, yea noxius Aliens out of the City. Indeed careful he was to preserve the City it self from spoiling, as having then a squint eye at the Empire; and knowing Constantinople, to be the Seat thereof, he would not deface that fair Chair into which, in due time, he hoped himself to sit down.

The Second BOOKE.

1. A NDRONICUS being thus peaceably possessed of Constantinople, first made his humble address to the young Emperor Alexius, and ceremoniously kissed his feet. The Spectatours variously commented on his prodigious humility therein, Some conceiving, he meanit to build high, because he began so low; others thinking that their Toes had need beware the cramp, whose feet he kissed.

2. The next Stage, whereon his Hypocrisy acted, was the great Church it self, where, meeting Theodorus the Patriarke at the door, he encountered him with transcendent Courtship, protesting, that in him, he beheld the pattern of of Chrysostom, his famous Predecessour, it being questionable, whether that worthy father, did more truly survive, in the learned Books, he left to posterity, or in the looks and life of Theodorus. And whilst the Patriarch was meditating a modest Reply, Andronicus did pour Complements, so full and fast upon him, that stifel'd therewith, he could breath no Answer in return, but only fell into a swound of Amazement.

3. Hence, he advanced into the Choir, unto the monument of Manuel his kinsman, and late Emperor. At sight whereof, the tears trickled down his reverent Cheekes, as if they had run a race, which of them, should be the foremost: some interpreted this, the love which Andronicus bare to the memory of the dead Emperor, and others feared, that as the moist dropping of stones is the four-runner of foul weather; so this relenting of his hard heart, presaged some storm to follow after, in the State. Then coming to Manuels Tomb, ordering his voice so low, as seeming he might not be, and yet so loud, as certain he was heard, what he spake, he expressed himself to this effect.

4. Deare Manuel, my loyalty stiles thee Sovereign, but my blood calls thee cosin. I will not say it was thy fault, but my fate, not to have my love to thee understood, according to the integrity of my intentions. my Innocence, by thee, was banished into a far Country. The Burthen did not grieve me, but the hand that laid it on; not so much to be an Exile, as an Exile made by thee. However, all my revenge unto thee, shall be in advancing the honor and safety of thy son Alexius, to free whose Innocence, from the Abuse of his friend-pretended-enemies, I have embarked myself, in a dangerous and desperate design: Yea my manifold Infirmities (of which I am most Conscious) grieve me not so much, in my own behalf, as because thereby I am rendered dis-able, from being serviceable to your son, in so high a degree, as I desire.

5. Then sinking his voice, past possibility of being overheard, he continued. Base bloody Hound, which chasest me from place to place. I here arrest thy drowsy Ashes, it being now past thy power to break this marble Chest. I scorn to ungrave thy dust, (wishing that all my Enemies were as Sumptuously entombed,) But thy Son, Wife, Daughter, Favorites, Friends, Name, Memory, I will utterly destroy. The Poets Phansie begat three Furies in Hell, and I will be the fourth on Earth.

6. Some will demand, how we came to the knowledge of this Speech, being so secretly delivered? It is answered, it is possible some invisible Eare might lie in Ambush within the Earereach of his words. Besides, let not me be challenged for a libel, who can produce the party from whom I received it; and amongst others, discharge myself on one principal Author of Excellent credit. Though I believe that this Speech was never taken from the Original of Andronicus his mouth, but was translated from the black Coppie of his wicked Actions, which afterward he committed.

7. His devotions ended, he retired to his own house, and there lived very privately, as renouncing all worldly Pomp and Pleasure, whilst his Engineeres, under-hand, were very active to procure the Empire for him, which was thus contrived: A Petition was drawn, in the name of all the People, requesting Andronicus, that he would be pleased, for the good of the State, to be chosen joint Emperor with Alexius. This was subscribed by the principal men in every place; and then Herds of silly Souls did the like. They never consulted with the Contents of the Paper, whether it was Bond, Bill, Libell, or Petition. But thought it a sin, not to score their Marks, where they were told, their betters had gone before them. At first they wanted names for their Parchmēt, but afterward, Parchment for their names. Here it would be tedious to recount, what slights and forgeries were used herein. If any delayed to subscribe, they were presently urged with great men's Presidents; that it was Superstition, to be more holy than the Bishops: Rigour, to be more just then the Judges: Malapartnesse, to pretend to more wisdom than so many States-men, who had already signed it. And thus, many fearful Souls were compel'd to consent, by the Tyranny of others Examples. Indeed some few there were, which durst be honest, whose Souls did stand on a Basis of their own judgments, without leaning, with implicit faith, on others. These disavowed this State-Bigamy, protesting against the Co-Empireship of Andronicus, and boldly affirming, that Crowns take a Master if they accept a Mate. But then all their Names, were returned unto Andronicus, who registered them in his black Kallender, who, for the present, did remember, and for the future would requite them.

The principal Agent, that openly promoted this Business was Basilius, a Bishop, one that professed Heaven, and practiced Earth, much meddling in Temporal matters, being both lewd and lazy in his own profession: only herein he had the Character of a good Churchman, that by his preaching and living he set forth his office accordingly.

9. And now the Scene being covertly laid, in a Solemn Assembly, on a high Festival, this Bishop, as the mouth of the rest, (whose names he held in a Parchment Roll) represented to Andronicus the sincere Intentions, and earnest wishes of the State. Most humbly requesting him, that he would be pleased so far to ease the tender years of his dear kinsman, young Alexius, as to bear half the burden of the Crown, and to accept to be joint-Emperor with him: Presuming, that such was the Goodness and Humility of Andronicus, that he would not disdain a Part, though he did deserve the Whole. And after a long Oration concluded. Thus anciently the Roman Senate coupled old delaying Fabius, with over-hasty Marcellus, blending Youth with Age, the Swift with Slow: Wholsome mixture, when the one brought Eyes, the other Hands; the one was for Advice, the other for Action. And thus alone it is possible that the distempered State of the Grecian Empire at this present, can be cured with this Cordial, and sacred Composition, of the Gravity of your Highness, to temper the green years of Alexius.

10. Hereat Andronicus discovered a strangeness in his looks, as if he had needed an Interpreter to understand the Language which was spoken unto him; and after some Pause proceeded. Let me not be censured for unmannerly in not returning my thanks, having my soul for the present possessed with an higher employment of Admiration, That so many Aged States-men, as rich in wisdom, as years, should be so much mistaken in mine Abilities, as to conceive me in any degree fit for the Moity of a Crown. Go choose some Gallant, whose very flesh is steel, can march all day, and watch all night, whose vast Atchievements may add Honor unto your Empire. Alas! my pale face, lean Cheeks, dimnte eyes, faint heart, weak legs, speak me fit for no Crown, but a Coffin, no Royal Robes, bvt a windingsheet. Nor am I ashamed to confess, that my youth hath been exceeding vicious, wherein I spared the Devil the pains of courting me, by preferring myself to his service: And now it is my only joy, with grief to recollect my former wickedness. O flate I have found out a small private place, (call it, as you please, least of Cells, or greatest of Graves,) wherein I intend wholly to devote the Remnant of my life to Meditation of Mortality. For seeing naturally our souls are too deeply rooted in Earthlinesse, it is good to loosen them a little before, that so by Death, they may be plucked up with the more Easinesse: Not that willfully, either out of Lazinesse, or Sullenesse, I decline to serve my Country, which claims a Share in me. But though I know I am not to live for myself, I am to die to myself, and may now at this Age, justly Challenge to myself a Writt of ease, from all worldly employment.

11. But Basilius perceiving that he did but Complement a denial, pressed him with the greater importunity: Confessing it would torment the modesty of his Highness to be told how high the Audit of his virtues did amount, knowing that he desired rather to deserve then hear his own commondations. But withal instantly entreated him to remember (what he full well understood) that the Entreaties of a whole State, had the power of Commands; and that Heaven it self was not so impregnable, but that it might be battered open, by the importunity of poor Petitioners, That from his acceptance of this their humble Proffer, they should hereafter date the beginning of their Happiness. That this day should stand in the Front of their Almanackes, and in Scarlet Text, as a leader, command over the rest, which followed it, as the new Birth-Day of the Grecian Empire.

12. How ever at that present nothing more was effected, & because it was late, the Assembly was dismissed, only some principal Persons were appointed with their private persuasions, to mollify the stiffness of Andronicus, who prevailed so far, that meeting next morning in the full Con course of all Sorts of People, Andronicus, First loosened the Vizard of his dissimulation for a time, letting it fairly hang by, at last it fell off of it's own Accord, and thankfully accepted their Shouts, and Exclamations, with GOD SAVE ALEXIUS AND ANDRONICUS JOINT EMPEROURS OF GREECE.

13. Then mounted on a high Tribunal, he made an eloquent Oration, as indeed he was not only sweet, but lushious in his Language, and with the Circles of fine Phrases, could charm any Stranger, both into love, and admiration of his person; smiling, with a pleasant Countenance, he told them, that he conceived his own Condition was represented in the Eagle, displayed in the Imperial Standard: For as Naturalists report. that Sovereign of Birds, renews his Age; so He seemed to himself grown young again: as if the Heavens had bestowne upon him, new Shoulders for new Burdens. And seeing it was their pleasure, to elect him to the place, he promised to rescue Right out of the Paws of Oppression, to be the only Master of requests: so that all complaints, should have free Access to him, and, if just, Redresse from him. But especially he would be Carefull of his own Conversation, intending, (Grace assisting him,) to have a Law in his own example. In a word, his speech was all excellent good in it self, save for this only fault, that not one syllable thereof, was either truly intended or really performed.

14. The Solemnites of his Coronation were performed in great State, with much Pomp and Expence; And we may observe, that the Coronations of usurpers, are generally more gorgeous in their Celebrations, than those of lawful Princes. For usurpers, out of excessive joy of what they have undeservedly gotten, care not what Cost they lavish. Besides, Ceremonies are more substantial to them, to tell the world what they are, who otherwise would take less notice of them, as not entitled by any right to the place they possess. Whereas Kings, on whose Heads Crowns are dropt from Heaven, by lineal descent, often save superfluous Charges, at their Coronation, as being but a bare Ceremony, deriving or adding no right unto them, but only clearing and declaring the same to others.

15 The noise of the people's Shouts, did allarm young Alexius, which hitherto was fast sleeping in some obscure Corner, and little dreamed, that mean while, an Empire was stolen away from him. But now coming to Andronicus, he publicly congratulated His happiness, & with a smiling Countenance, embraced him, as heartily glad, that he had gotten so good a Companion in so great an employment. We read, that in the Country of Lituania, there is a peculiar Custom that married men have Adjutores Tori, Helpers of the marriage bed, which, by their Consent, lie with their wives; and these Husbands are so far from conceiving either Hatred or Jealousy against them, that they esteem them their principal friends. Surely the Beds in that Country are bigger than in other places: seeing amongst all other Nations, a wife is a Vessel, wherein the Cape-Merchant will not admit any Adventurers to share with him. It seems, Alexius was one of this Lituanian Temper, that could accept a Partner in his Empire, tickled with joy at the Shewes and Solemnities of his Coronation, (and well might he laugh till his heart did ache,) though some did verily think, that amongst all the Pageants there presented, he himself was the strangest, and most ridiculous spectacle. As for Xene the Empresse, she appeared not at all in public, being pensive at home, having almost wept out her own Eyes, because Protosebastus had his bored out.

16. Next very day, in all Patents and public Receipts, their Names were transposed. First, Andronicus, and then Alexius, this reason being rendered, that it was unfitting that a youth should be preferred before so grave, and Reverent an old Man. Or rather, because, as in Numeration, the Figure is to be put before the Cypher. Here some of the friends of Alexius propounded, to stop the ambition of Andronicus, before the Gangrene thereof spread further; seeing what he received, did not satisfy, but enlarge his proud breast, prompting new thoughts unto him, and widening his heart for higher desires. The motion found many to praise, but not to practice it; none would do, what all desired were done. The younger sort conceived, that this office, because dangerous, was most proper for old men to undertake, who need not to be thrifty of their lives, seeing it was too late to spare at the Bottom. Old men were of the opinion, it best beseemed the Boldness & Activity of Youth: and such as were of middle Age, did partake of the Excuses of both. Thus in a Project that is apparently desperate, even those who are proudest on their terms of Honor will be so humble, as in modesty to let meaner men go before them.

17. As for the Lord's of the Combination, (who first procured Andronicus his coming to Constantinople, ) they found themselves, that they now had far over-shot the Mark they aimed at. For they intended only to use him for the present, to humble and abate the Pride and power of Protesebastus. Which done, they meant, either wholly to remove, or warily to confine him. But now what they chose for Physic must be given them for daily food: and woeful is the condition of that man, who, in case of necessity, taking hot water to prevent Swooning, must ever after drink it for Beverage, even to the burning out of his Bowells. For Andronicus, thouhg he came in as a Tenant at will, would hold his place in Fee to himself and his Heirs. And whereas the aforesaid LORD'S promised themselves, if not Advancement to new Assurance to their old Offices; they found themselves prefer'd to nothing but neglect and contempt: neither entrusted in the Advice, nor employed in the Execution of any matters of Moment.

18. Indeed Andronicus did loath the sight of those Lord's, as Debtors do of Bailiffs, as if their very looks did arrest him to pay for those Grand favors which he had formerly received from them, brought by their help from banishment, to power and wealth in the City. Nor would he make use of them, as too sturdy to be pliable to his Projects; standing on their former deserts and present Dignities; but employed those Osiers of his own planting, which might be easily wreathed to all purposes, being base up-starts, depending on his absolute Pleasure. And as he used these alone, so these only in matter of Execution: who taking himself, (and therein not mistaken) to be sole friend to himself, would not impart his Counsels to any one, being wont to say, that Ships sink as deep with one, as with onehundred Leaks.

19. We will conclude this Book with an Independent Story, hoping the Reader will take it as we find it. There was a noted Beggar in Constantinople, well known to the people thereabouts, (as who had almost worn the Thresholds of Noble men's doors, as bare as his own clothes) an exceeding tall, raw-bon'd Body, with a meagre, and lank Belly, so that he might have passed for Famine it self. This man was found begging about the lodgings of Andronicus, very late at night, at an unseasonable hour, except one would say, that men of his profession, as they are never out of their way, so they are never out of their time, but may seasonably beg at any hour, when they are hungry. Being apprehended at the Guard, and accused for a Conjurer, (his ugly face being all the Evidence against him,) Andronicus delivered him over to the indiscreet discretion of the People, to do with him as they pleased. These wild Justicers, without legal proof, or further proceeding, for Alms, bestowed on him a Pile of Wood, and a great fire, where they burnt him to Ashes, whose fact might justly have intitled him to a whipping Post, but not to a Stake.

20. Say not that this is beneath our History, to insert the Death of a Beggar in the life of an Emperor. For all Innocents are equal in the Court of Heaven; And this poor man, who, whilst alive, was so loud at great Men's doors, for meat to preserve his life, his blood may be presumed to be as crying and clamorous at the gates of Heaven to revenge his death. For herein Andronicus taught the People to be Tyrannicall, a needless Lesson to such apt Scholars, who afterwards proved Proficients herein, to the cost of their Teacher, as, God willing, shall be shown hereafter.

The third BOOK.

1. T HE news of Andronicus his being chosen joint-Emperor, no sooner arrived at the ears of Maria Caesarissa, but she was drowned in a deluge of grief: being beholden to nature that she could vent her self in tears; seeing that sorrow, which cannot bleed in the eyes, doth commonly fester in the heart. And when her Nurse lovingly chid her, for excessive sadness, she pleaded her sex, which can scarce do anything without over-doing; so that Feminine passions, must either not be full, or over-flow.

2. But Anger, soon after having got the conquest of her own grief, with furious speed she repaired to the place, where the Lord's of the Combination were assembled, & there she abruptly vented herself in these Expressions.

3.

3. The Lord's, though by their Silence they seemed first to swallow her words, yet the expression of Tame Traitors would not go down their Throats; the largest souls being narrowest in point of credit, and soonest choked with a disgrace. Mamalus therefore in the behalf of the rest; Madam (said he) sufficeth it now for us, barely to deny your speech. Had you been a man, we should have proceeded to defy the Speaker. What your passion, now condemns in us for base; your judgment will not only acquit, for right, and approve, for safe: but even commend for honorable, and advantageous for our Master Alexius. Our Lives and Lands, are at the sole dispose, and the cruel mercy of our enemies. We are instantly undone, if we whisper the least and lowest syllable of Loyalty, and utterly disabled from any future service to Alexius. We conceive it therefore better, for a time, to bow to our foes, rather than to be broken by them: To spare in words, and spend what we please, in thoughts. We want not a will, but wait a time, to express our Reallity to the Emperor, with most safety to ourselves, and effect for him, in a season, least subject to suspicion.

5. Pacified with these words, she was contented to attend the performance of the Promise, in time Convenient; though never living so long, as to behold it, being prevented by violent Death. For now Andronicus began freely to rage in Innocent blood, cutting off such Nobles as he thought would oppose him. Something like truth was alleged against them, to stop the Clamours of the multitude. And Power never wants pretences, & those legal, to Compass what it doth desire. They were indicted of Conspiracy against Andronicus; and Knights of the Post, (of the Devils own dubbing) did depose it against them. Yea, silence was not enough to preserve men's Innocence: some being accused that their Noses did wrinkle, or their Eyes wink, or their Fore-heads frown, or their Fingers snap Treason against Andronicus.

6. In this his Epidemical cruelty, it was much, that a famous Iester of the Court escaped his fury. Of this Fellow, his body downwards was a Fool, his Head a knave, who did carefully note, and cunningly vent, by the privileges of his Coat, many State-Passages, uttering thē in a wary twilight, betwixt sport & earnest. But belike, Andronicus would not break himself by stooping to so low Revenge, and made Conscience in breaking the ancient Charter of Iesters, though wronging the Liberty of others, of greater Concernment.

7. Of such as were brought to Public Execution, it was strange to behold, the difference of their demeanour. Some, who were able to be miserable, with an undaunted mind, did become their afflictions, and by their Patience made their miseries to smile, not bowing their Souls beneath themselves, only appealing for Justice in another world. Others did foolishly rage, and ramp, mustering whole Legions of Curces, as if therewith to make the Axe turn Edge. And then seeing no Remedy but Death, their Souls did not bow by degrees, but fell flat in an instant; of Lions, turning Calves, half dead with fear, received the fatal stroke of the Executioner. So many were confusedly huddled to death, it is hard to rank them in order, only we will insist on some principal Persons,

8. First, Maria Caesarissa, and her husband (whether it was Conscience or Manners, not to part man and wife:) And because Andronicus durst not, for fear of the People, bring them to public death, their Physician was bribed with Gold, which he conceived cordial for himself; And thereupon he did quickly purge out both their Souls by Poison, (an unsuspected way,) which robs men of their lives, and yet never bids them to stand.

9. Next followed Xene the Mother Empresse being accused of high Treason for attempting to be tray the City of Belgrade, to Bela King of Hungary. A packit council condemned her to death, which though otherwise vicious, was generally bemoaned; as most innocent in this particular. But, Andronicus the Emperor, cunningly derived the whole hatred hereof, on young Alexius (whose Power he never used, or owned, but only to make him the Cloak-father for odious Acts) urging him to sign the warrant, for her execution. In the stout refusal whereof, Alexius showed more Constancy then was expected to come from him, clearly answering all Arguments, herein showing himself a child in Affection, and more then a child in Judgment. Whereupon some ground their presumptions, that his soul deserved better breeding, and that he was not to be censured for weakness of Capacity; but rather his friends to be condemned, for want of care, and himself to be bemoaned, for lack of Education. He flatly told Andronicus, that Nero was recorded Monster to all Ages, for killing his Mother: And that he would never consent to her death, that gave him life.

10. But he proceeded to aggravate the Crime of Xene, Belgrade being such a piece of strength, that it was a whole Province in effect. And though but a Town in Bulk, was a Kingdom in benefit. All Greece awfully attending the fortune thereof. He minded Alexius, that Fathers of Countries, should know no Mothers; but that Sovereigns affections are only of kin to the good and safety of their Subjects. Besides, (saith he) you need not scruple so much at her death, who is dead whilst living, and hath been many years drowned in Luxury. So that what was cruelty in Nero, will be Exemplary Justice in you.

11. Alexius rejoined, that if his Mother Xene was so drowned in Luxury, the more need she had to drown her sins in penitent Tears, except it were conceived Charity to kill both her soul and body. That Princes were not to own private affections, where they were destructive to the Common good, but might and must, where they consisted with the public safety. Or else to become a Prince, would be all one, as to leave off to be a man. Grant Belgrade a strong Place▪ it was still in their own possession, and her intended Treason succeeded not. And therefore he conceived it a middle and indifferent way, that she should be deprived of liberty for Plotting of Treason, and yet be permitted to live because the Plot took no effect: A Cloister should be provided, whereto she should be close confined, therein to do Penance for her former enormities. And in this Sentence, he conceived that he impartially divided himself betwixt the affection of a Child, and severity of a Judge.

12. But Andronicus who was resolved to have no denial, highly commended him for his filial care of his Mothers soul: Yet, said he, for the benefit thereof, fifty Friers at my own proper charges, shall be appointed, which after her Death, Night and day, shall dauly pay their prayers in her behalf, whose suffrages are as well known above, as her Prayers are strangers there: it being to be presumed, that whilst she is living, the Heavens will be deaf to her, which so long have been dumb to them. Speak not of her Project that it took no effect; for had it succeeded, none would have called it Treason, but have beheld it under a more favorable Notion. He minded Alexius that he had sufficient power of himself, being joyntEmperour to put her to death, but that he would in no case deprive him of this Peerelesse Opportunity of Eternizing his memory to Posterity, and securing the State by his necessary Severity. For all hereafter would be deterred from attempting of Treason, as despairing of pardon, when they beheld the Exemplary justice on his own Mother.

13. Alexius still persisting in his denial, Andronicus at last fell to flat menacing, yet so cunningly carried it, that his threats did not seem to proceed from any anger, but from love to the person, and grief for the perverseness of Alexius. He protested he would no more break his sleep, he would steer the State no longer; Let even the Winds and the waves hereafter be the Pilots to that crazy vessel. He called the Heavens to witness, (before whom he entered a Caveat to preserve his own Innocence,) how he had tendered happiness to Alexius, but could not force it upon him, who willfully refused it. In a word, so passionate he was, and so violent was the stream of his importunity, that the young Emperor, either out of weakness, or weariness to swim against it, was at last carried away with the Current thereof, and subscribed the Warrant.

14. To divert whose mind from musing upon it, a solemn Hunting in the Country was contrived, that there he might take his pleasure. In a Forest not far off a stately Stag was lodged, ambitious (as they told him) to fall by the hand of an Emperor, or else to be dubbed an Hart Imperial, if chancing to escape. All things being ready, Alexius is carried thither; but withal, those are sent along with him, which hunted this Hunter, marked all his motions, learnt the language of his looks, and hands, with the different Dialects of his several fingers, so that he could not speak a word, or make sign to any of his faithful servants, but presently it was observed, and if material, reported to Andronicus. None of his friends durst show any discontent. If any was seen sadly to wag his head, it was a certain sign that that head stood but loose on his shoulders, and by the next return, the news would be, 'that 'twas fallen off: so miserable was the condition of this Prince, and of all his followers.

But Andronicus had a Hind to hunt at home, and must provide for the Execution of Xene. And now to enter the tender years of his son Manuel, for great Actions, he thought first to blood him with an Empresse, in private delivering the Warrant unto him. Behold here an unexpected accident! This good Child of a bad Father, (Grace can cut off the oldest, and strongest Entaile of Wickedness) refused the Employment, alleging, there was no such dearth of hangmen, that a Prince need take their Office; and that it was against his Conscience, her Crime being rather packit than proved, seeing she was never brought to answer for her self: Here-at his Father mad with rage, rated and reviled him. Bastard, thou wert never true Eagles Bird, whose eyes are dazzled at the Sun of Woman's Beauty. What? doth thy Cowardice take Sanctuary at Conscience? He never climbs a Throne that stands on such poor pretences. What if she never appeared to answer? where the fact it self doth Cry, it is needless for the offender to speak: Narrow-hearted fool! A Cottage is fitter for thee than an Empire. Have I pawned mine own soul, to found thy greatness, and am I thus requited? and so abruptly brake off into weeping.

16. Manuel Modestly returned: I am sorry Sir, you should pawn your soul for my sake, but however I am resolved not to loose mine own. Whosoever climbs a Throne without Conscience, never sits sure upon it. I had rather succeed to your private paternal possession, then to an ill-gotten Empire. Nor am I daz'led at the Luster of her beauty, but at the clearness of her Innocence; all men being generally Compurgators for her Integrity herein. Employ me, and try my valor in any other service. Command, and I will fetch the Lions only heir out of his Den, both insight and spite of Sire and Dam; only herein I desire to be excused, and I hope deserve not to be accounted a Coward for fearing to commit a sin. How much Andronicus was bemadded here-at, may easier be conceived, than expressed, to receive a final repulse from his own Son, insomuch as at the last he was fain to make use of Hagio Christophorites Stephanus, Captain of the Guard (who alone of all the Lord's of the Combination, stuck to him, and was respected of him) and he very fairly took order to dispatch her, stifling her (as some say) betwixt two Pillowes.

17. The next News which took possession of the Tongues and Ears of People, was the cruel and barbarous death of young Alexius: whilst, the vulgar did wonder that he died so soon, and the wise did more admire that he lived so long; and the difference was not great betwixt him that was now but a Ghost, and whilst living, but a shadow Basilius went too far to fetch a fit Paralell out of the Roman History, to compare An-dronicus and Alexius with old Fabius and sprightfull Marcellus; who might have met in the same Story far nearer, (because later by 100 years) a more lively resemblance in the Consulship of Julius Caesar and Bibulus, whereof the one did all, the other drankeall.

18. The manner of Alexius his death was, that he had his neck broken with a Bow-string; the punishment in that place, (as still amongst the Turks) much used: and in this Tyrants Reign, the string did cruelly strangle more at home, than the Bow did valiantly kill abroad. This Bow-string (to make a short digression) was an Instrument whereon Andronicus used to play, and sportingly to make much Mirth and Music thereon to himself, calling it his medicine for all Malladies. For whereas (said he) Purges were base, Vomits worse, Cupping painful, Glisters immodest, blood-letting Cruel; this Bowstring had all the opposite good qualities unto them. And the same did quench the heat of Fevers, draine the moisture of Dropsies, cure Plurisies without piercing a vein, stay the Vertigo, heal the Strangurie, by opening the Urine, and only stopping the breath. This being one base humor of Andronicus, (unworthy Civility and Christianity) to break jests on men in misery, just as they were to die. As for the Corps of Alexius (on whom he had practiced with his foresaid Medicine,) they were most unworthily handled, and dead Bodies, though they cannot be hurt, may be wronged, especially of such eminent persons.

19. Now to refresh the Reader a-midst so many murders, and Massacres; it will not be amiss, to insert an unexpected Marriage. Alexius left Anna an Empresse Dowager. And some days after her husbands death, he addressed himself a Sutor unto her, being to encounter with invincible disadvantages. First he came reeking with the blood of slain Alexius. And what hope could he have that she would embrace that Viper, that had stung her other-self to death! Secondly the disproportion of his Age, being past 70. and what motly color'd Marriage, would it make to join his gray to green! his cold November being enough to kill her flourie May. Notwithstanding all this, he had formerly been so fleshit with fortune, he conceived he could never be lean afterwards; and knew that in matters of this nature, confidence in attempting, is more than half the way to success.

20. First, He possessed himself of her judgment, and made her believe, that all his former undertakeings, were in service to her, grieving that Alexius did not valewe the Pearl he wore. He protested there was nothing about him, but his hairs, which were died white, not by his Age, but by his Carefulness for her preservation. Then, He assaulted her affection, principally pressing that Argument, which was never propounded to a mere woman, & returned with a denial, namely, assuring her of power & greatness, promising she should be the Conduit, through which all his favors should pass, and all his people under his command, should be blest or blasted by her Influence, neither were gifts wanting, & those of the largest size, bestowed on her servants, (who promoted his cause) and the dullest Bodies work on the most subtle Souls, by the mediation of such Spirits.

21. Now, whether it was out of Childishnesse, not being full fourteen, or out of fear, being far from her friends, and her Person in his power; or out of pride, loath to abate of her former State; she assented to his desire. But to speak plainly, he showeth him self to have store of leisure, and want of work, who is employed to find a Root in Reason, for all the fruit that grows from Francie: Sufficeth it, she loved him, affirming it, it was no wonder, that he should take a poor Ladies Affections captive, whose valor in the Field, had subdued the most manly of his Enemies.

22. To make this story pass for probable, we may fellow it, with the like in our English Chronicles. RICHARD the, Third, though not so old, more ugly, then ANDRONICUS, obtained the love, and was matried to the Countess of Warwick, the Relictt of Prince Edward (son to King Henry the sixth) whom the same Richard had slain at Teuxbury, she knowing so much, and he not denying it, They were Namesakes, both Ann's, and when they had cast up their Audit, both, I believe, might equally boast of their Bargains.

23. But Andronicus who was never unseasonably Amorous (but had his Lust subordinate to his Ambition and cruelty, when they gave him leave, and leisure to prosecute his pleasure) was not softened by the Dalliance of Marriage, to remit anything of his former Tyranny. He protested that he counted the day lost, wherein he had not killed or tortured some eminent Person: Or else, so planett-struck him with his frowns, that he enjoyed not himself after. He never put two men together to death after the same way; as not consisting with his state to wear one torture thread-bare, but ever appeared in exchange, & variety of new manner of punishments. And if any wonder, that there was not a general insurrection made against this monster of mankind, to rend him from the Earth; Know that he had one humor, that did much help him, in being stern and cruel to Noble men; but affable and courteous to poor people, and so still kept in with the vulgar. Besides, many stately Structures he erected, and sweetened his cruelties with some good acts for the Public. Now, that we might not seem to have weeded the life of Andronicus, or to be a kin to those flies, which travelling by many fragrant Flowers, only make their residence, on some sore, or Dunghill, we will recount some of his good deeds, and pity it was, that they had not proceeded from a better Author.

24. He surveyed the Walls of Constantinople, and mended them, wheresoever the chinks thereof did call for reparation. He plucked down all the buildings without (yet so, that the owners sustained no loss thereby) for fear in case of an enemies invasion, those houses might serve them for Ladders to scale the City with more ease. Thus all Constantinople was brought within the compass of her Walls, (as she remains at this day) not like many ill proportioned Cities in Europe, which groan under over-great Suburbs (so that the Children over-top the Mother) and branch themselves forth into out-Streets, to the impairing of the root, both weakening and impoverishing the City it self. He bestowed great cost in adorning the Porphyry Throne, which an Usurper did provide and beautify, for a lawful Prince to sit upon it. He brought fresh Water, (a Treasure in that place) through a Magnificent Aqueduct, into the heart of the City, which after his death, was spoiled out of spite (as private Revenge in a furious fit, oft impaires the public good) people disdaining to drink of his water, who had made the streets run with blood. His benefaction to the Church of forty Martyrs amounted almost to a new founding thereof, intending his Tomb in that place, though it was arrant presumption in him, who had denied the right of Sepulture to others, to promise the Solemnity thereof unto himself.

25. But that which gained him the greatest Reputation far and near, even amongst those that never saw his face, was, an Edict for the saving of Ship-wracked goods. There was amongst the Greeks a constant practice, founded in Crueltie, and strengthened by Custom; that if a Vessel was discovered in danger of drowning, those on the shore, like so many ravenous Vultures, flocked about that Carkasse, to pick out the eyes thereof, the wealth therein. These made all their Hay in foul weather, which caused them not only duly to wait, but heartily to wish for a Tempest: And as the wicked Tenants in the Gospel concluded to kill the Heir that so the Inheritance might be their own, These remorseless men, to prevent future Cavills and clamours about the goods; dispatched the Mariners, always by willful neglecting their preservation, & too often by down-right contriving their destruction. More cruel then the very stocks and stumps of Trees, which growing by Rivers sides; commonly hang over the water, as if out of pity, tendering their service to such as are in danger of drowning, & stooping down to reach their hands to help them to the shore. Now, Andronicus taking this barbarous Custom into Consideration, forbad it, for the time to come, on most terrible penalties, (and this Lion, if enraged, would by his loudness, roar Hearing into the deaf) and enjoined all to improve their utmost endeavors, for the preservation of their persons. Hence followed such an alteration, that shipwrackit goods, if floating to land, safely kept themselves without any to guard them. Men would rather blow their fingers, than heat their hands with a rotten Planke▪ rather go naked, than cover themselves with a rag of Shipwrackt Canvas: It was ominous to steal the least inch of of a Cable, lest it lengthened it self into an Halter to him that took it. All things were preserved equally safe, of what value soever, and untold Pearl, might lie on the Shore untouched, like so many Oyster-shells. This dispersed the fame of his Justice and Mercy into foreign parts: And as Sounds which are carried a-long by the Rivers side, having the advantage of hollow Banks, and the water to convey them, are heard sooner and quicker, then Sounds of the same lowdnesse, over the Land; So the Maritim Actions of Princes, concerning Trading, wherein Strangers, as well as their own Native Subjects are interested, report them to the world in a higher Tone, and by a quicker passage, than any Land-locked Action of theirs, which hath no further influence, but only terminates in their own Kingdom. Yea this one ingratiating Decree of Andronicus, did set him up with so full stock with Reputation, that upon the bare credit thereof, might now run on score, the committing of many Murthers, and never have his Name once called to Account for any injustice therein.

26. And as the Sea-men by water, so the Husband-men by land (and those we know have strong Lungs, and stout sides) cried up the fame of Andronicus, because he was a great preserver of Tillage, and Corn was never at more reasonable rates than in his Reign. He cast a strict eye on all Customers and Tax-gatherers, and (as evil Spirits are observed to walk much about silver Mines) so Andronicus did incessantly haunt all public receivers of money; and if finding them faulty; oh excellent sport for the people to see how those Sponges were squeezed! He allowed large and liberal maintenance to all in places of Judicature, that want might not tempt them to corruption. Thus, even the worst of Tyrants light sometimes on good actions, either stumbling on them by chance, or out of love (not of virtue, but) of their own security. They are wicked by the general Rule of their lives, and pious by some Exceptions, just, by fits, that they may be more safely unjust when they please. And hereby Andronicus advanced himself to be tolerable amongst Man-kind.

27. We could willingly afford to dwell longer under the Temperate Climate of his Virtues; but Travelers must on their journey. Comming now to the Torrid Zone of his Fury, which indeed was not habitable: His Foes he executed, because they were his foes; and his friends, because they were his friends. For they that let out a Courtesie at Interest to a Tyrant, commonly lose the Principal: Witness Conto-Stephanus, the great Duke, Admiral of the Galleyes, who by betraying his trust, brought Andronicus to Constantinople, and now fairly had his eyes put out. As for Georgius-Dissipatus, Andronicus intended to roast him, being a Corpulent man, upon a Spit, affirming that such fat Venison wanted no Larding, but would baste it self, and meant to serve him up as a dainty dish in a Charger or Tray, to his Widow, had not some intervening accident diverted it. He made a bloody Decree, which had a train of indefinite, and unlimited extent, and would reach as far as the desire of the measurer: namely, that all such of the nobility which were, now, or should, hereafter, be cast into Prison; should be executed without any legal Trial, with their Children and Kindred. Prince Manuel, (whose worst fault was, that Andronicus begat him) in vain opposed this Decree, alleging this to be the ready way for his Father to un-Emperor himself, by destroying that Relative Title, and leaving himself no Subjects.

28. But Andronicus had found Scripture, whereby to justify his Act, and brought St. Paul for his Patron, whose practice and confession he cited. For the Good that I would, I do not; But the evil which I would not, that I do. Now if I do that I would not, it is no more I that do it, but sin that dwelleth in me. God keep us from Apocrypha-Comments on Canonical Scripture: send us his pure Text without the gloss of Andronicus, who, belike, conceived he could not be a perfect Tyrant, by only torturing of men, except also he did rack God's Word, rending Text from Con-text, and both, from their true intent.

29. This Decree startles such Lord's of the Combination as were left alive, together with Mamalus, principal Secretary to the late Emperor, and Alexius Ducas, the most Active, but not nearest, Prince of the blood. These, meeting together, much bemoaned themselves, till Mamalus counting such puling passion beneath Masculine Spirits, thus uttered himself.

30. You late adorers of Andronicus, who did conceive it would pose the power of heavē to cure the State, save oncly by his hand, be your own Judges, whether it be not just that they should die of the Physic who made a God of the Physician. Diseases do but their kind, if they kill, and, an evil expected, is the less evil: But no such Torment as to die of the remedy: Only one help is left us, if secretly and speedily pursued. We know, Isaacius Angelus by birth and merit is intitled to the Crown. True, he lives privately in a Covent, but worth cannot be hid, it shines in the dark; and Greatness doth best become them to wear it, by whom it is found, before it is sought for, as more deserved then desired by them: say not that he is of too mild a disposition; for, his soft temper will make the better Pultis for our sore necks, long gauled with the yoke of Tyranny. And seeing we have thus long been unhappy under the extremities, the child-hood of Alexius, and old years of Andronicus, let us try our Fortunes under the middle age of Isaacius: And no doubt we shall light on the blessed mean and happy temper of Moderation.

31. The motion found entertainment beyond belief. And yet Alexius Ducas offered it to their consideration; that so meek a Dove would never make good Eagle: Giving a Character, how a Prince should be accomplished with valor and experience, by insinuation designing himself. It is pleasant to hear a proud man speaking modestly in his own praise, whilst the Auditors affect a willful deafness, and will not hear his whispering, and slenting expressions, till at last he is fain to hollow down-right Self-flattery into their Ears. Here it fared thus with Ducas, who thereby only, exposed himself to contempt: and perceiving no success, zealously concur'd with the rest for advancing of Isaacius. All necessary particulars were politiquely contrived, each one had his task appointed him: some, to seize on the ships, others, to secure the Palace, make good the great Church: and the whole model was exactly methodized, considering the vast Volumne thereof, which consisted of many persons of quality therein engaged.

The Fourth Book.

1. B UT, great designs, like wounds, if they take Arie, corrupt. This project, against Andronicus, could not be covertly carried, because consisting of a medley of persons, of different tempers, and un-suiting souls, having private intents, to themselves, not cordial, uniting their affections, but only Friends, for the time being, against the common Foe: So that, through the Riftes, and chinks of their several aims and ends, which could not be jointed close together, the vigilancy of Andronicus did steal a glymps of their design, apprehensive enough to light a candell for himself form the spark of the smallest discovery.

2. And now, let him alone to prevent their proceedings, by cutting both them and theirs off (that no mindful heir might succeed to their spite) and that with all posible speed; for he steered his actions, by the compass of that character, which one made of him, as followeth.

.3 Mamalus was the first who was brought to Execution, on this manner. A mighty fire was made, and to provoke the Tyrannie thereof (as if that pure Element of it self had been too fine and slender, effectually to torment him) they made the flame more stiff, and stuffie, by the mixture of pitch and brimstone. Then Mamalus was brought forth stark naked, insomuch that all ingenuous beholders, out of a modest Sympathy, conceived, that they saw themselves naked, in seeing him: and therefore, (as much as lay in their power) they covered him, by shutting their eyes. When the Soldiers with Pikes, were provided to thrust Mamalus into the fire, whilst many Spectatours durst not express their pity to him, out of pity to themselves; lest commiserating of him, should be understood complying with him; but were cautious to confine their Compassion, within the Compass of their breast, that it should not sallie forth, into their eyes, and outward gestures.

4. Betwixt this Dilemma of Deaths, the sharp Pikes of the Soldiers on the one side, & fury of the fire, on the other; he preferred the former, not as most honorable, and best complying with a military Soul; (not being at leisure alasle, in time of torment, to stand on terms of credit,) but as least painful. But the Soldiers denied him this choice, and forced him into the fire; and then hearing his Shreekes, even those who refused, out of favor, to give any pity to his person, could not, out of justice, deny the payment of some compassion, (bound there-unto, by the Specialtie of Humanity) unto his miserable condition.

5. Mean time, Andronicus was a spectatour, tickling himself with delight, only offended, that the sport was so short, and Mamalus dead too soon. The stench of whose burning flesh (offensive to others) was a perfume to him, who had the Roman-Nose of Caligula, Nero, Domitian, and such Monsters of cruelty. And, as he pleased his own Smell, with the Odor of Revenge; his Sight, with beholding the execution; his Eare with the Music of his enemies dying Groanes: So, there wanted not those that wishit, that his other Senses, were also employed, according to his deserts, his Touch, and Taste, that they migh feelingly partake of the torture of the fire. Thus died Mamalus, scarce twenty four years of Age, before the Bud of his youth had opened into a flower; having in his parts, not only promises, but some Assurance, that the hopes of his future worth, should be plentifully performed, had not this untimely Accident prevented it.

6. Lapardas acted next on the Scaffold, though not condemned todeath, but to have his Eyes bored out: His Extraction was Noble, State Great, Pride greater; to maintain which, he contrived the Advancing of Andronicus to the Throne: the under ground Foundation of whose Greatness, was closely laid, by Lapardas, whilst he left the vilible Structure thereon, to others. Like a Mole he conveyed his train, closely spurring on Basilius (who posted of himself,) to Act in odious Projects, whilst himself sculkit unseen; hoping, if matters held, to be rewarded by Andronicus, for his secret Service; if they miscarried, to provide for his own safety; seeing none could challenge him, of any appearing open ill Action, wherein he was engaged.

7. But quickly he fell off of his speed in serving Andronicus, whether, because he conceived his deserts found not a proportionable Reward: or, because he bare a love to the person of Alexius: or, because he was not perfectly bad, and fainting in the way of wickedness, could not keep pace therein, with the fast and wide strides of Andronicus: or, which is most probable, he slowly perceived his Error, that Tyrants pluck down those stairs, whereby they ascend to their greatness: and then, too late, began to unravell, what he weaved beforer. True it was, he had assisted Andronicus, so long, that he had offended all the side of Isaacius, and had deserted him so soon, that he dis-engaged all the party of Andronicus, and so was unhappy, not to have the cordial Affections of either.

8. On the Scaffold he spake little, expecting that the pain would kill him, confessing he ow'd a Death, to Nature, and a violent Death, to Justice, and forgave all the world, save his own self. Beholding the Sun; Farewell (said he) Life of my life, my night must be at my noon; and then laying his hands on his eyes: Must I loose you thus? was it because I shot forth wanton Glances? Or, beheld Rivalls, with envious looks? Or, adored the Shine of gold; that I must thus lose you? Or, was it, because I acted in a dark way, to advance the cruelty of a Tyrant; that now all my endeavors are seen by the world, and I must be blind? However, God's justice appears clearest to me, in the loss of my Eyes. Thus was Lapardas tortured: and though some may think that Andronicus swerved from his Principle, taking away only light, not life, from him, and thereby rather more en raging him for, than wholly disabling him from, revenge; yet we may be assured, that Tyrant did never so do his works by the half, but that he struck out their Teeth, whose Eyes he bored out, so securing their persons, that he put them past power of doing him mischief.

9. During this raging cruelty of Andronicus; we may commend, in Theodorus the Patriarch, rather his success, than Policy, (his simple goodness being incapable of the later) who seasonably withdrew himself from Constantinople, to a private place he had provided in the Isle of Terebynthus: here he had built him an handsome house, equally distant from Envy and Contempt, Bravery and Baseness, so that if Security and sweetness had had a mind to dwell together, they could not have found a fitter place for that purpose. Several Reasons moved him to his speedy removal, besides the avoiding the fury of Andronicus. First, because Basilius undermined him at the Court in his Patriarkship, Theodosius being absent thence, when present there; bearing only the name and blame, when the other had the power and profit thereof.

10. Secondly, to avoid the sight of People, conceiving every Eye which did behold, did accuse him, as a principal cause of their miseries, for helping Andronicus to the Empire. In whom Theodorus had been strangely mistook, as the best men are soonest deceived with the painted Piety, and pensive looks of Hypocrites, counting all Gold that shines, all sooth, that is said; betrayed by their own charity into a good opinion of others. Lastly, it grieved him to see ignorance and impiety so rampant, base hands committing daily Rapes on the Virgin Muses; so that they might now even ring out the Bell, for dying learning, and sadly toll the knell for gaping Religion. Wherefore, as Divines solemnly observe, to go off of the Bench, just before the sentence of condemnation is pronounced upon the Malefactor; so this Patriarch, perceiving the City of Constantinople, Cast, by her own guiltiness, and by the confession of her crying sins against herself; thought it not fit for him to stay there, till divine Justice should pass a final fatal doom upon the place, (which he every minute expected) but embraced this private opportvnity of departure.

11. Soon after his retiring, he ended his life: we not inquire into his decease, if we consider his age, accounting now fourscore and four Winters. And well might his years be reckoned by Winters, as wanting both Springs, and Summers of Prosperity, living in constant affliction. And yet the last four years, made more wounds in his heart, than all the former, plow'd wrinkles in his face. He died not guilty of any wealth, who long before, had made the poor, his Heirs, and his own hands, his Executors. After hearty Prayers, that Religion might shine when he was set, falling into a pious Meditation; he went out as a Lamp, for lack of Oil: no warning Groane was sighed forth to take his last farewell, but even he smiled himself into a Corps; enough to confute those, that they bely death, who call her grim and grizely; which in him seemed lovely and of a good Complexion. The few servants he left, proportioned the Funeral, rather to their Masters Estate, than Deserts, supplying in their sorrow, the want of Spices and Balm, which surely must be so much the more precious, as the Tears of men are to be prefer'd before Gums, which are but the weeping of Trees.

12. The Patriarchs place was quickly supplied by Basilus the Bishop, so often mentioned, preferred to the place by the Emperor. A Patron and Chaplain excellently met; for what one made Law, by his List; the other endeavored to make Gospel, by his Learning. In stating of any Controversy, Basilius first studied to find out, what Andronicus intended or desired to do therein: and then, let him alone to draw that Scripture, which would not come of it self, to prove the lawfulness of what the other would practice. Thus, in favor of him, he pronounced the legality of two most incestuous matches; and this Grecian Pope, gave him a dispensation to free him from all Oaths of Allegiance, which he had formerly sworn to Manuel or Alexius: for this was the Humour of Andronicus, to have Religion along with him, so far as it lay in his way, courting the company of pious pretence, (if possibly they might be procured) to countenance his designs: But in case they were so foul, that no gloss of Justice could be put upon them; he disdained that Piety which would not befriend him, and impudently acted his pleasure in open opposition of all Religion.

13. But whilst this Basilius was thus hot about his secular affairs; there wanted not an aged Hermit, who took him to task, and soundly told him his own, though it made but small impression in him. Meeting him at advantage; Hermits, you know, saith he, hate both Luxury & Complement. In plain truth, I must chide you, that seeing, earth is but your Inn, and heaven your Home; you mistake the first, for the latter. Mans soul is so intent on its present object, that it is impossible, it should attend two callings at the same time, but must needs make default in the pursuance of one of them. Your temporal intermeddling draws the envy of the Laity, for whose love you should rather labor. Nor are you stored with foreign Observations, really to enable you for such undertakings. Say not that you may meddle with temporal State-affairs, and yet not entangle yourself with them, seeing the world is such a Witch, it is impossible to do the one without the other. Observe those Clergy-sticklers on the Civil Stage, and you shall seldom find them Crowned with a quiet death. Remember your Predecessour Chrysostom, who did only Pray, and Preach, and Read, and Write, thereby made happy in the despite of his Enemies: For though twice expel'd his Patriarkship, he was twice restored with greater honor: so that it was not want of Policy, which lost, but store of Piety, which caused him to recover his place again. I speak not this, out of any repining at the luster of your preferment, who envy outward Honor no more than the shining of a Glo-worm, but merely out of love to your person, and desire of your happiness.

14. But Basilius, in some passion returned, I perceive you are lately broken loose out of your Cell, which makes you more fierce and keen, like Hawkes when they are first un-hooded, and newly restored to the light. Know, Sir, one may well attend two Callings, if they be sub-ordinate, as the means and the end. All my secular Business is in order to the good of the Church. The love of the Laity unto us, without some awe mingled with it, can neither be long-lasting, or much serviceable. My Education hath admitted me into general Learning, and made me capable of any employment. I deny not the World to be a Witch, but I know how to arm my soul with holy Spells against all her Inchantments. Whereas you say, one cannot meddle with worldly matters, but must entangle himself therewith, it is all one, as if you should affirm, that a temperate man cannot eat meat but he must surfeit. Proofes from the event, argue not the justice or injustice of the Act; and nothing can be inferred from the ill success of our meddling in secular affairs. To your instance of Chrysostom, I oppose the example of Augustine Bishop of Hippo, who set in full brightness, and yet kept a Court in his own house, where he umpir'd and decided all temporal controversies. You trample on that which you call pride in me, with that which is so in yourself. And all this proceeds out of spite, because you cannot turn your Cowle into a Mitre.

15. But Basilius was deaf to all these persuasions, and joining with Hagio-christophorites Stephanus, (chief Enginier for Andronicus ) advanced all cruel designs. And now Mamalus and Lapardus being executed, all others were possessed with a Panick fear: and no wonder when the string is broken, if the Beads be scattered. It being feared, that the Plot miscarried, they strove to make themselves innocent, by first making others guilty. And yet it was vain to take the pains who should start quickest, when they all met even at the Post: For Andronicus took order that they were all alike executed.

16. There were two of his Creatures, Trypsycus, and Hagiochristophorites Stephanus, who only fell out, who should be most officious to him: Each had the other in jealousy, fearing his Rivall would engross the Emperor unto him. Especially, Stephanus, was fearful of Trypsycus; understanding that Andronicus wrote private Letters unto him, styling him, his Beloved friend, with other expressions, which spake more intimacy than Stephanus was willing to hear. This Trypsycus had been a dangerous Promoter in all company, Representing to Andronicus every syllable spoken against him, to the disadvantage of the speaker: and as one saith, (I conceive rather in the Language of the times, than his own) Every man then was to give an account of every idle Word. It happened therefore that one was procured, who accused TRYPSYCUS for jeering of JOHN the Emperors eldest Son for Deformed, and that he scattered some loose expressions▪ bewailing the Miserie of the Times. Now, though the grear Service which TRYPSYCUS had done, might deserve to over-weigh so light an Offence; it cost him his Life, Confiscation of his goods and Ruin of his Posterity.

17. Now hath STEPHANUS room to Domineere alone in the favor of ANDRONICUS, sending him to seize on ISAACIUS, who for the present was got out of his Covent. It was past the skill of the Spannel to catch him, who dived for the instant, but we shall find him in due time above water, and that to purpose.

The fifth Book.

1. S ECURITY is the Mother of danger, & the Grandmother of destruction. Let ANDRONICUS be a proof hereof, who now, nearest to his ruin, grew most confident, as conceiving he had stoppit every cranny, where danger might creep in, and therefore in a bravery, he sent a defiance to Fortune her self, which notwithstanding, was returned with his own speedy overthrow.

2. Yet could he not justly complain, that he was suddenly surprised, seeing Nature might seem to have gone out of her way, to give him warning, and Nemesis did not hunt him so fast, but that she allowed him fair Law to provide for himself, by several Prodigies which happened at that time. But Andronicus, not only against the full intent, but almost visible meaning, of the same Accidents, did make a jesting Construction of them, and and was deaf to the loud language of all ominous passages, as not relating unto him.

3. Being told of the apparition of a Comet, (no leiger-star of Heaven, but an extraordiany Ambassador) portending his death, as some expounded it; he skoffingly replied, that he was glad to see the heavens so merry, to make Bone-fires, for his Triumphs: And what was a Comet, but the Kitchen-stuff of the air, which blazing for a while, would go out in a snuff: Adding, that that Star might presage the fall of some Prince, that wore long hair, whereas, his was short enough. When another told him of an Earth-quake, which had lately happened; I am glad, saith he, that the Mother-Earth, sick of of the Collick, had so good a vent for a wind: Being informed that the Statue of Saint Paul, (his Titulary Saint) was seen to weep; he evaded the sad presage thereof, by distinguishing on Tears, therebeing an Harmony in their language, as bearing not only different, but contrary Sences, proceeding either from Mirth or Mourning; and therefore, that weeping might probably fore-show good success. In a word; All serious and solemn Omens, he tuned to a jesting meaning, keeping himself constant to his first principle; That, Fortune; when feared, is a Tyrant; when, scorned, is a Coward. But, though he unjustly perverted the sense of these Prodigies; the event did truly interpret them in his destruction.

4. For Isaacius Angelus persecuted by the Executioner, fled into the great Church, (in those days, the Sanctuary at large for Innocents) where, making an Oration to the people, he exceeded Expectation, and himself; as if hitherto he had thriftily reserved his worth (a serious, others say, simple man) to spend it more freely when occasion required it. He spake not like those mercenary people, which make their tongue, their ware, and Eloquence, their Trade; but, he uttered himself so pathetically, that he did not court Attention, but command it. He made both his Innocence, and the cruelty of Andronicus, to appear so plain, that the people not only afforded him, protection for the present; but also, bestowed on him Sovereignty for the future, and instantly elected, and proclaimed him, Emperor of Greece.

5. Stand we here still, and wonder what should be the Reason, that Andronicus should suffer this Isaacius, next Prince of the blood, so long safely to survive, who had cut off other Persons of less danger, & lower degree. We cannot ascribe it to his incogitancy, as inconsistent with his vast memory, to forget a matter of such importance; less can we impute it to his Pitty, as if sparing him out of compassion: seeing that a Thred might sooner hope to be prolonged under the knife of of Atropos, than any to find favor under his impartial cruelty. Was it not then because he had him in his power? and counting himself sure to seize on him at pleasure; reserved him, as Sweet-meat, to close his stomach, when first he had fed on several Dishes of courser Diet: Or, because he slighted him, as a narrow-hearted man, religiously bred in a Covent, unfit for a Campe, the object rather of his contempt, than fear; for that his hands might seem tied with his Beads, from being dangerously active, in the State. But, let us remove our wondering at this neglect of Andronicus, to make room for our admiration of divine Providence, who confounded this Politician in his own cunning. Thus the most expert Gamsters may sometimes over-see; and, Traitors, though they be careful to cut down all Trees, which hinder their ambitious Prospect; will unawares leave one still standing, whereof their own Gallows may be made.

6. Immediately all the Prisons in the City were set open, and those petty sinks of dissolute people emptied themselves into a common Sewer, and became into a tumultuous Torrent. Headlong they haste to the Palace of Andronicus, where, not finding him at home, they wreckt their spite upon that beautiful building, and sumptuous furniture therein. Should I insist upon particulars, all sorts of Readers would be sadded therewith. Ladies would lament the loss of so many Pearls and precious stones, whose very Cases were Jewels. Soldiers bemoan the spoiling of so magnificent an Armorie. But Scholars would be most passionate, to bewail the want of that Librarie so full fraught with rarities, that nothing abated the Pretiousnesse, but the Plenty of them. Many Records, (the Stairs whereby Antiquaries climb up into the knowledge of former times) were torn in pieces, though we need not believe them so old, as that some of them had escaped Noah's flood, and were now drowned in a popular Deluge.

7. Nothing was preserved whole and entire. Whether, because they pretended some Religion in Revenge, as not aiming, out of Covetousness, to enrich themselves, but, out of Justice, to punish the Tyrant; or because they thought the very Goods of Andronicus, were become evil, guilty of their owners faults; and therefore were all to be abolished as execrable: yea, as if the very Chapel itself, which he had built, had been un-hallowed, by the Prophanenesse of the Founder; with all the Utensils thereof, it was defaced. A stately Structure it was, ANDRONICUS not being of their opinion, who conceiving an holy horror to live in dark and humble Cells; fancy not Triumphant Churches, for fear that their Hearts be there lost in their Eyes. But he professed his Devotion to rise with the roof of the Church; so that his soul seemed to anticipate heaven, by beholding the Earnest thereof in a beautiful Temple. However, now his Chapel was laid flat to the ground; and, amongst other things therein, of inestimable value, the Letter, which, by tradition, was reported to be written by Christ's own hands, to Abgarus King of Edessa, then was embezeled. So irresistable is the Tyrany of a Tumult; and therefore, it may be all good men's Prayers, that the People may either never understand their own Power, or always use it a-right.

8. Andronicus, as we said before, had secretly conveyed himself away. Who would not have thought, but that this great Fencer should have been provided of variety of Guards, against all the crosseblows of Fortune; at least, to have had some impregnable place, near hand, to retire unto? Whereas he had no other Policy to escape, than that poor shift, which the silly simple Hare useth against the Hounds, by flying before them. Indeed, had the Conspiracy against Andronicus, been but local, or partial, so that he had had any sound part to begin on, he would probably have made resistance, (as Physicians must have some strength of Nature in their Patient, to practice on;) but the defection from him was so general and universal, he found not any effectual friend left him. Only he had scrapit together a mass of Coyne, more trusting in money, than men hoping, in foreign parts, to buy some friends therewith; knowing that Gold, if weight, is currant in all Countries. Then taking Anna his Empresse, and Maraptica his whore, with some few servants, he durst confide in, and the Treasure he had formerly provided; he made speed, in a Pinnace, through the black Sea, to the Tauro-Scythians, out of the bounds of his Empire, hoping there to live in quiet. And because we have mentioned Anna the Empresse, we cannot pass her by in silence. For if one would draw a map of misery, to pair like years, with like mis-hap, 'tis hard to find a fitter Pattern.

9. Daughter she was to the King of France, being married a child (having little list to love, and less, to aspire) to the young Emperor Elexius, whilst both their years, put together, could not spell Thirty. After this, she had time too much, to bemoan, but, none at all, to amend, her condition, being slighted and neglected by her husband. Oft-times, being alone (as sorrow loves no witness) having room, and leisure to bewail her self, she would relate the Chronicle of her unhappiness, to the Walls, as hoping to find pity, from stones, when men proved unkind unto her. Much did she envy the felicity of those Milk-maids, which each morning pass over the Virgin-dew, and Pearledgrasse, sweetly singing by day, and soundly sleeping at night, who had the privilege freely to bestow their affections, and wed them, which were high in love, though low in condition: Whereas, Royal Birth had denied her that happiness, having neither liberty to choose, nor leave to refuse; being compel'd to love, and sacrificed to the Politique ends of her potent Parents.

10. But Anna, unhappy at her first Voyage, hoped to better her Condition by a second Adventure; yet made more haste than good speed, marrying Andronicus some weeks after the death of Alexius. Surely there is an Annus luctus, A year of mourning, which the modesty of widows may do well to observe, lest neglecting it in their widdowhood, it be required of them afterwards, with Interest, in the ill success of their second marriage. For, Maraptica, a proud Harlot, but excellent Musician, justled with Anna in the Emperors affection: (and half an old Husband was too much for a young Lady to spare) and in process of time, prevailed to obtain violent possession. The Empresse, knowing her self honest, and amiable, stood on her Deserts; not descending to beg that love, which she conceived due unto her, but daring him to detain it at his own peril, seeing he wronged himself in wronging of her, forfeiting his Troth, which he had publicly pledged unto her. But, the Curtizan, knowing that that love needs Buttresses in Cunning, which hath no foundation in Conscience; applied herself in all particulars to be complizant to the desires of Andronicus. This Maraptica, though she had fair fine finges to play on the Lute, had otherwise foul great Clutches, to snatch, grasp, and hold, whatsoever she could comeby. And knowing that she had but a short Terme in the Tenement of her greatness, (subject both to the mortality and mutability of Andronicus ) and withal, that she was not bound to reparations, therefore cared not what waste she made; but, by wrong and rapine, scraped together a mass of money. Mean time, Anna was kept poor enough; who, whilst Maid, Widow, and Wife, (twice a Bride, before once a Woman) scarce saw a joyful day; though borne of a King, and wedded to two Emperors.

11. But to return to Andronicus, who pursued after by his guilty conscience, found no rest in himself; so that for nights, sleep was a stranger him. He that had put out other men's eyes, could not close his own; and when Nature in him starved, for want of rest, did at last hungerly snatch at short slumbers: Dreams did more terrify, than sleep refresh him. His active fancy in the night did descant on what he had done before. Sometimes, the pale Ghost of Alexius seemed with glowing Pincers to torment him; otherwhile, Maria Caesarissa stitcht hot burning Needles through his side; and, not long after, two streams of reeking blood seemed to flow out of the eyes of Lapardas, wherein Andronicus for a while seemed to swim, till, beginning to sink, to save himself, he caught hold on his Pillow, and so did awake.

12. When awaked, his mind was musing upon a Prophesy, which some days since was delivered unto him: For he had employed an Agent, unto one Seth, an old Conjurer, to know of him what should be the name of his next successor in the Empire. Now, first a great S. was presented in a Bason of water; and next that, an I. but, both so doubtfully delineated, that they were hardly legible: done on purpose for several Reasons. Because, it stood not with the state of the Prince of Darkness, to be over-clear in his Acts; and those that vent bad Wares love to keep blind shops: Besides, obscurity added veneration to his Oracles, and active Superstitious Fancies, whet with the difficulty of them, would be sharp-sighted to read more than was written. But the main was to save his own credit, taking covert of Mystical Expressions, that in case Satan should fail in his Answers, he might lay the blame on men's understanding him.

13. Put then these two Letters together, S. I. and read them backwards I. S. by an Hysterosis, & take a part of the whole by a Synecdoche; (all favorable Figures must be used, to piece out the Devils short skill in future Contingents) and then Andronicus was told by the Conjurer, he had the name of his Successor. Ask me not why Hells Alphabet must be read backward, let Satan give an account of his own Couz'nage; whether out of an apish imitation of the Hebrew, which is read retrograde; or, because that ugly filthy Serpent, 〈◊〉 Crawls Cancer -like, or to make his Answers the more AEnigmaticall, for the reasons afore-said. Andronicus by this I. S. understood I Saurus Comnenus, who lately, by Usurpation, had set up a Kingdom in the Isle of Cyprus, and therefore always observed him with a jealous eye, and now too late perceives his error, and finds the Prophesy performed in Isaacius Angelus.

14. Thus, those that are correspondents with the Devil, for such Intelligence, have need when they have received the text of his Answers, to borrow his Comment too, lest otherwise they mistake his meaning. And, men may justly take heed of Curiosity, to know things to-come; which is one of the kernells of the forbidden Fruit, and even in our Age sticks still in the throats of too many, even to the danger of choking them, if it be not warily prevented.

15. Hitherto, what disasters had happened to Andronicus, might partly be imputed to men, and second causes: Whereas now, divine Justice, to have its power praised in its punishments, seemed visibly to put out a hand from heaven; and he wants eyes, that cannot, or shuts them, that will not, behold it. See now the Gally, wherein he sailed, having having all the Canvas thereof, employed with a prosperous Wind, when suddenly it was checked in the full speed, and beaten back with fowl weather into a small Harbor, called Chele. Soon after, the winds serving again, he set forth the second time, and had not made many leagues, when Neptune with his Trident thrust him back again; such was the violence of the Seas against him. A third time he set forth with a fair Gale, when instantly, the wind changing, forced him to return. Here, what tugging, what Towing, what Rowing! nothing was omitted, which Art, or Industrie, Skill, or Will, could perform: Andronicus dropping a shower of Gold to the Sailors, to reward the Sweat that fell from them. All in vain; For as, indeed, he had offended the Fire, with the Innocents he burnt therein: angered the Air, with hundreds of Carkasses, which therein he had caused to be hanged: provoked the Earth, by burying men alive, in her Bosom; So, most of all he had enraged the Water against him, (now mindful of his Injuries) by him made a Charnellhouse, and general Grave, into which, the body of the young Emperor ALEXIUS was cast, with thousands of his Subjects. God, herein to prevent all mis-constructions of Casuality (which otherwise men might fasten upon it,) and knowing that men are slow in their Apprehensions, and dull in their Memory to learn the Lessons of his Justice, he re-iterated and repeated it three several times, that the most blockish Scholar, might learn it perfectly by heart: This is the work of the Lord, and it may justly seem marvelous in our eyes. Thus ANDRONICUS was, the third time, sent back to the place from whence he came, and so to the place of Execution. For he was no sooner come to the shore, but Servants, employed by ISAACIUS, (who had way-laid all the Ports on the Black Sea) stood ready to Arrest him.

The Sixt Book.

1. A NDRONICUS hahaving now left him neither Army to fight, or legs to fly; (being in the possession of his Enemies) betook himself to his Tongue, bemoaning his Case, and with Tears begging their favor. But those Eyes, which, weeping in jest, had mocked others so often, could not now be trusted, that they were in earnest. The storm at Land was more implacable than the tempest at Sea. Two heavy Iron Chaines were put about his neck, (in Mettle and weight, different from them he wore before) and loaden with Fetters and Insolencies from the Soldiers; (who, in such Ware, seldom give scant measure) he was brought into the presence of Isaacius. Here the most merciful and moderate contented themselves with Tongue-revenge, calling him Dog of uncleanness, Goat of Lust, Tiger of Cruelty, Religions Ape, and Envies Basilisk. But, others pulled him by the Beard, twitchit the hair left by Age on his head, and proceeding from depriving him of Ornamentall Execrements, dashed out his teeth, put out one of his eyes, cut off his right hand; and thus maimed, without Surgeon to dress him, man to serve him, or meat to feed him, he was sent to the public Prison amongst Thieves and Robbers.

2. All these were but the beginning of evil unto him. Some days after, with a shaved head crowned with Garliek, he was set on a scab'd Camel, with his face backwards, holding the Taile thereof for a Bridle, and was led clean through the City. All the Cruelties which he in two years and upwards, had committed upon several persons, were now abbreviated and Epitomised on him, in as large a Character, as the shortness of the time would give leave, & the subject it self was capable of: they burnt him with Torches and Fire-brands, tortured him with Pincers, threw abundance of dirt upon him; and withal, such filthiness, that the Reader would stop his Nose, if I should tell him the composition thereof; it is enough to say, that the worst thing that comes from Man, was the best in the mixture thereof.

3. Such as consult with their Credit will be cautious how they report improbable Truthes, fearing they will not be received for. Truths, but rejected for improbable. Efpecially in this Age, wherein men resume their Liberty, conceiving it against the privilege of their judgments, to have their Beliefe, (which should be a Voluntary) pressed by the authority of others, to give credit to what bears not Proportion with Likely-hood. Could an old man (such as Andronicus was) pass the age of man, three-score and ten, who now only lived by the courtesy of Death to spare him, endure such pain, three miles, through so populous a City? The Poets only feigned Atlas to be weary of carrying of Heaven; but, must not our Andronicus be either stifled for want of breath, or back-broken with store of weight, under so much earth thrown upon him? And was it possible, that He, who, before these times, had one foot in the grave, should have the other not follow after, when driven with such cruelty?

4. To render this likely, we may consider; first, that it was the intent of the People, not to kill, but to torment him. Secondly, when one Dish is to go clean through a Table of Guests, men are mannerly; all, take some, though none, enough. Besides, he was one of a strong Constitution, whose Brawny flesh Nature had knit together with Horny Nerves. And yet, had he been a weak man; a Candle with glimmering light will burn long in a Socket, being thrifty of it self. Life was sweet to Andronicus, under all those noisome smells; and he would not part with it, whilst he could keep it. But what was the main, it was possible God might support his life, either out of Justice, or mercy. (And, we read in Scripture, of Men, that they shall desire to die, and death shall flee from them. ) I say not of Justice, visibly to acquit himself, in the eyes of the world, by making such a Monster, the open Mark for Mans Revenge; or out of mercy, giving him a long and large time of Repentance, if he had the happiness to make use thereof

5. Behold here a strange Conflict, betwixt the Crueltie of the People on the one side, & the Patience of Andronicus on the other; and yet an indifferent Umpire would adjudge the Victory to the latter: No raging, no Raving, no Muttering, no Repining; but swallowed all in Silence: Only he cried out, Lord have mercy upon me: And, Why break ye a bruised Reed! and sensible of his own guiltiness, he seemed contented to pass his Purgatory here, that so hec might escape Hell hereafter.

6. After multitudes of other Cruelties, tedious to us to rehearse, (and how painful then to him to endure!) he was hanged by the Heeles betwixt two Pillars: In this posture; He put the stump of his right Arm, whose wound bleeded afresh, to his mouth, so to quench (as some suppose) the extremity of his thirst, with his own Blood, having no other moisture allowed him. When one ran a Sword thorough his Back and Belly, so that his very Entralls were seen, and seemed to call (though in vain) on the Bowells of the Spectators, to have some compassion upon him. At last, with much a-do, his soul (which had so many doors opened for it) found a passage, out of his body, into another world.

7. Hear, how one of great * Learning, is charitably opinioned of his final Estate, making this Apostrophe to his Ghost: Oh, ANDRONICUS! Oh thou Emperor of the East! how much wast thou bound unto God, whose will it was, that for a few days thou shouldst suffer such things, that thou mightest not perish forever! Thou wast miserable for a short time, that thou mightest not be miserable for all eternity. I make no doubt, but thou hadst the years of Eternity in mind, seeing that thou didst suffer such things so constantly, and courageously.

8. But doth not so strong charity argue a weak judgment? Despair it self may presume of salvation, if such an-one was saved. How improperly did he usurp that Expression, comparing himself to a Bruised Reed, when, another Scriptureresemblance was more appliable unto him, of a Bul-rush bowing down his head; only top-heavy for the present, with sense of suffering, not inwardly contrited in heart, for the sins he had committed. Must not true Repentance have a longer season to ripen it, and by works ensuing, to avouch to the world the sincerity thereof? Insomuch that, of late, some affirm that the good Thief on the Cross did not then first begin, but first renew his Repentance, lately interrupted by a fellonious Act. Allow Andronious for a Saint; and we shall people Heaven with a new Plantation of Whores and Thieves. (how volumnious will the Book of Martyrs be, if Paine alone does make them!)

9. On the other side, we must be wary, how, in our Censures, we shut Heaven-door against any Penitents. Far be it from us to distrust the power of God's mercy, or to deny the efficacy of true (though late) Repentance: the last groan which divorces the soul from the body, may unite it to God: though the Arm of his body was cut off, the Hand of his faith might hold. All that I will add is this, if Andronicus his soul went to Heaven, it is pity that any should know of it, lest they be encouraged to imitate the wicked Premises of his life, hoping by his Example to obtain the same happy Conclusion after death.

10. After his Execution, the tide of the Peoples fury did turn, who began to love his memory, and lament his Loss: Such as before were blinded with Prejudice against him, could now clearly see many good deeds he had done for the Public, and began to recount with themselves, many Sovereigne Laws, which he had enacted: some bemoaned the misery which he had endured, as if his punishment was over-proportioned to his deserts. Whether this pity proceeded out of that general humor of men, never to value things till they are lost; or, because their revenge had formerly surfeited upon him, & now began to disgorge it self again; Or, which is most probable, this Compassion arose from the mutability and inconstancy of human Nature, which hates always to be imprisoned in one and the same mind; but being in constant Motion through the Zodiac of all Passions, will not stay long in the same Sign; and sometimes goes from one Extremity to another.

11. By this time Isaacius was brought by Basilius the Patriarch unto the Throne, and placed thereon with all solemnity: then the Crown was put upon his head, on the top whereof was a Diamond-Cross, (greatness and Care are twins) which Isaacius kissed: I welcome thee, said he, though not as a stranger, who have been acquainted with Crosses from my Cradle: Thou art both my Sword and my Shield; for hitherto I have conquered with suffering. Then weighing the Crown in his hand; it is (faith he) a beautiful burden, which loads, more than it adorns.

12. Here Basilius the Patriarch made a Sermon-like Oration unto him, which, as it was uttered with much Gravity, so it was heard with no less Attention, and embraced by the Emperor, with great Thankfulness. Not presuming, Sir, to teach you what you do not know, I am incited by my Calling, and encouraged by your Clemency, to put you in mind, of what otherwise you may forget. This Crown and Sceptre were sent you from Heaven; only we have done our duty in delivering them unto you. And now me thinks, that Divine Majesty perfectly shines in You his Image. These our Eyes upheld, & folded hands, and bared heads, and bended knees are due from us to God, and we pay them to him, by paying them to you his Receiver. And we doubt not, but you will improve the Power and Honor bestowed on you, for the protection of the people committed unto you.

13. In a man's body, whilst natural Heat and radical Moisture, observe their limits; all is preserved in health: if either exceeds their bounds, the body either drowns, or burns. It fareth thus in the constitution of the State, betwixt your Power, and our Prosperity; whilst both agree, they support one another: but, if they fall out, about Masterie, even that which over-comes, will be destroyed in a general confusion. And, if you should betray your Trust, though we bow, and bear, and sigh, and sob, armed with Prayers and Tears; yet know, that our sad Mournings will mount into that Court, where lie the Appeales of Subjects, and the Censures of Sovereigns, which will heavily be inflicted by him, whom you represent. Speak I not this, out of any distrust of your Justice, but out of earnest desire of your happiness, wishing, that the greatness of Constantine, Founder of this place, the goodness of Jovian, the success of Honorius, the long life of Valens, the quiet death of Manuel, the immortal fame of Justinian, and whatsoever good was singl'd on them, may jointly be heaped upon you, and your Posterity.

14. Hereupon followed such a shout of the people, as the oldest man present had not heard the like; and all interpreted it as a token presaging the future felicity of the new Emperor. And thus we have presented the Reader, with the remarkable intricacie and perplexity of success (as if Fortune were like to lose her self in a Labyrinth of her own making,) winding backward and forward, within the compass of five years, with more strange varieties then can easily be paralleled in so short a continuance of time.

• 1. First, Alexius; no Andronicus.
• 2. Then, Alexius; and Andronicus.
• 3. Then, Andronicus; and Alexius.
• 4. Then, Andronicus; no Alexius.
• 5. Then, Isaacius; no Andronicus.

Thus, few strings curiously plaid upon by the cunning fingers of a skillful Artist may make much Music: and Divine Providence made here a miraculous harmony by these odd expected transpositions, tuneing all to his own glory.

15. Here I intended to end our History, save that I cannot discharge my Trust, and be faithful to the Truth, without taking some special observation of Basilius. We cannot forget how Active an Instrument he had been to serve the cruelty of Andronicus: and when first I looked wishly upon his hands (so busied in wicked employments) I presently read his Fortune, that he should come to a violent death. The old * Hermit seemed to me a Prophet, to confirm me in my opinion, (when reproving him for stickling in temporal matters) and my conjectures grew confident, that this Patriarke in process of time, would either shake his Mitre from his head, or his head from his shoulders. And, perchance, if the ingenuous Reader would be pleased freely to confess his thoughts therein, he was possessed with the same expectation.

16. How wide were we from the mark? how blind is Man in future Contingents? How wise is God, in crossing our conceits, leaving the world amused with his ways; that men finding themselves at a loss, may learn more to adore, what they cannot understand! See Basilius, as brave, and as bright as ever; and whilst all his Fellowservants had their wages paid them by Andronicus, (some made longer in their Necks, others shorter by their Heads) He alone survives in Health and Honor: which made most to admire, what peculiar Antidote of Sovereign virtue he had gotten, to preserve himself from the infectious fury of that Tyrant.

17. But that which advanceth this wonder into the Marks of a Miracle, is, that this cunning Pilot, should so quickly tacke about, when the wind changed, and ingratiate Himself with Isaacius. When times suddenly turned from Extreames; those persons which formerly were first in favor, are cast farthest behind, and they must be very active and industrious to recover themselves. But Basilius by a strange Dexterity, was instantly in the front of Favorites, and, without any abatement, carried it in as high a strain as ever before; and, although (being weary already) I am loath to travel further into the Reign of this new Emperor, to see in the sequel thereof what became of Basilius at last; yet, so far as I can from the best chosen Advantage discern and discover his success; no signal Punishment, above the ordinary Standard of Casualities, did befall Him; and, for ought appears to the contrary, he died in his bed.

18. Of such as seriously consider this Accident, some perchance may be so well stocked with Charity, as to conceive, that he repented of his former Impiety; and, thereupon, was pardoned by Heaven, and came to a peaceable end. Others may conceive, that as, when a whole Forest of Trees is felled, some aged, eminent, Oak, by the high-ways side, may be suffered to survive, as useless for Timber, because decayed; yet, useful for a Landmarke, for the direction of Travelers; for Basilius being now aged, and past dangerous Activity, was preserved for the Information of Posterity, and (when all others were cut down by cruel deaths,) he left alone to instruct the ensuing age of the Tragicall passage which had happened in his Remembrance. But the most solid, and judicious will express themselves in the language of the Apostle, Some men's sins are open beforehand, going before to judgment, and some men's follow after. All notorious offenders are not publicly branded in the World with an infamous Character of shame or pain: but some carry their sins concealed, and receive the reward for them in another world.

19. It only remaineth, that we now give the personal dedescription of Andronicus, so far forth as it may be collected from the few extant Authors which have written thereof.

I. His Stature.

HEE was higher then the ordinary sort of Men. He was seven full feet in length (if there be no mistake in the difference of the measure.) And whereas, often the Cock-loft is empty, in those which Nature hath built many stories high; his head was sufficiently stored with all Abilities.

II. His Temper.

OF a most healthful Constitution, of a lively Colour, and vigorous Limbes, so that he was used to say, that he could endure the violence of any Disease for a Twelve-month together by his sole natural strength, without being beholding to Art, or any assistance of Physic.

III. His Learning.

HEE had a quick Apprehension, and solid judgment, and was able on any emergent occasion, to speak rationally on any Controversy in Divinity. He would not abide to hear any Fundamental Point of Religion brought into question; insomuch, that when once two Bishops began to contend about the meaning of that noted place, My Father is greater than I am; Andronicus suspecting that they would fall foul upon the Arian Heresy, vowed to throw them both into the River, except they would be quiet, A way to quench the hottest Disputation, by an in-artificial Answer, drawn from such Authority.

IIII. His Wives.

FIRST, Theodora Commenia, Daughter of Isaacius Sebabasto Crator, his nearest kinswoman; so that the Marriage was most incestuous.

The second, Anna, Daughter to the King of France: of whom, largely before.

V. His lawful Issue, both by his first Wife.

JOHN COMNENIUS his eldest son. It seems he was much deformed, and his Soul, as cruel, as his body, ugly. He assisted Hagio Christophorita-Stephanus in the stifling of Xene.

Manuel, his second son, of a most virtuous disposition. Let those, that undertake the ensuing History, show how both had their eyes bored out by Isaacius.

VI. His Natural Issue.

I Meet with none of their names, and though he lived wantonly with many Harlots, and Concubines: yet (what a Father observeth) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Many Wives make few children. And it may be imputed to the providence of Nature, that Monsters (such as Andronicus ) in this particular, are happy that they are Barren.

VII. His Burial.

BY public Edict it was prohibited that any should bury his body; however, some were found, who bestowed, though not a solemn grave, yet an obscure hole upon him, not out of pity to him, but out of love to themselves; except any will say, that his Corps, by extraordinary stench, provided its own burial, to avoid a general annoyance.