English Puritan & Reformed

A Fit Conjucture of Religion and Learning

Edward Leigh (1602-1671) · 149,846 words · 666 min

The source for this document is https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A50062.0001.001

Project Note

This is licensed under Creative Commons CC BY-NC-ND. This license allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator.

The source of this document is the Early English Books Online (EEBO-TCP) website. Those books were transcribed in a character for character manner and can be very cumbersome to read since there was no standard spelling during that time. Many spelling variations such as "unlesse", "vnlesse", and "vnles" regularly appear.

This project was conceived to clean up those books as much as possible and make them more accessible to the interested reader, leading to the creation of a massive list of variant spellings and their corrections. This was used to clean up the text, but is of course only as complete as the list itself. Because of the nature of the original transcription, some words have missing characters or places where the original language (e.g., Greek) was not transcribed. This effort does not change that. Be aware that the original transcription can also be faulty and in some cases entire sentences may be missing.

Although this is no substitute for a properly compared, proofed, and scholarly edition, I believe that the result is a document which is far more accessible, particularly for searching for terms using standard spelling. The document has been cleaned and presented in what I hope is a pleasing and useful format for the vast majority of Christian brothers and sisters who just want access to read these spiritually nourishing works.

However, a word of warning: The Puritans were a very diverse group of people and their age was characterized with godliness, but also much upheaval, disputation and strife. They disagreed on many doctrines and some of these works contain less orthodox or Scriptural views than others. The reader is strongly advised to read with discernment, particularly if it is unknown whether author is trustworthy.

This project took a huge amount of time and skill to bring to fruition. I would particularly like to thank David Jonescue for the initial list of Puritans he found on EEBO and the concept behind this project as well as the continuous, unceasing efforts toward seeing this complete. Without his labor, this would not be available. Alex Sarrouf was invaluable in providing the initial list of over 7,000 spelling variations he had identified and corrected, as well as continuing to review more than 16,000 additions to that list for any typos.

Logan West
(with David Jonescue and Alex Sarrouf)
www.puritansearch.org

Felix Consortium; OR, A FIT CONJUNCTURE OF RELIGION AND LEARNING, In one entire Volume, consisting of six Books:

The first Treating of RELIGION IN GENERAL; The FALSE RELIGIONS, and the TRUE, And several Questions also discussed concerning that ARGUMENT.
The Second, Of LEARNING, the Excellency and Usefulness of it, The Liberal Arts, the Chiefest Languages, the Universities and Public Schools of several Nations.
The Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Books, Particularizing the Men Eminent for Religion or Learning, Divine or Human, among the Jews, Christians, Ancient or Modern Writers, Protestants or Papists, Characterizing their Persons, and giving Judgment of their Works.

In an Alphabetical Order. By EDWARD LEIGH Master of Arts of Magdalene-Hall in Oxford.

LONDON, Printed for Charles Adams at the Sign of the Talbot near S ^t. Dunstans Church in Fleetstreet, 1663.

TO THE Right Reverend JAMES USHER Arch-Bishop of Armagh.

HONOURED SIR,

B Oth the Subject I handle, and my own special Obligation are a just Apology for my Dedication of this Treatise unto you. I treat of Religion and Learning, a noble Argument, and (were it answerably handled) well-worthy of so noble a Patronage. Learning is the great Ornament of a man, and true Religion (which is an honoring of God suitably to his Excellency) is the great Ornament of a Christian. Where there is a happy conjunction of a learned Head, and a sincere and truly religious Heart, there is a Person every way accomplisht. Bishop Juell is frequently for this reason styled, The Jewell of Bishops; and of D ^r Reynolds it is said, Incertum est fuerit doctior an melior.

D ^r Rivet and Peter du Moulin, two French Divines are famous for their eminent Piety, learned Writings, and fifty years preaching. Your Name is also precious in all the Reformed Churches, witness the Dedication of divers learned Treatises to you, and the honorable mention which many learned men frequently make of you One thing I shall desire to specify, which I look upon as one of your great Accomplishments, your humble and affable Disposition, both in a free admission of the very meanest; and also in a ready communicating of yourself unto them, which noble quality being in you when you were at the highest (as I have heard) is therefore the more commendable. Your sending to Samaria for several Copies of the Samaritan Pentateuch, bringing them first into Europe, and dispersing them many ways, and also your purchasing at a dear rate the Syriac-Bible, and many other Syriac-Books from Syria, and your free imparting them to such Scholars as were skillful in that Language, is deservedly celebrated by M ^r Selden in his Preface ad Marmora Arundeliana, De Dieu in his Epistle Dedicatory to the Acts, and D ^r Boot in his Index Autorum before his Animadversions Sacrae. Your Liberality to such as are in a necessitous condition, is also well known▪ It is a usual Maxim or Proverb, That the greatest Scholars are not the best Preachers; and Queen Elizabeth was wont to say, That she had made a Bishop, and mar'd a Preacher. You have really confuted both these, by your pla • n and powerful Preaching, and by your constant laboring (for above fifty years) in that sacred Function, even after the time, that through • natural decay you were unable to read your Text. Therein well fulfilling your Motto, both in 〈…〉 Episcopal and Archiepiscopall Seal, Vae mih • •• non Evangelizavero.

Could your leisure have permitted you to have heard me read this whole Work to you, as you did vouchsafe me the favor, to hear part of it, it might have been more exact in itself, and so more worthy your Countenance You were pleased to commend to me some of the Authou • s I made use of, and to supply me also with some choice Books out of your well-furnished Library; some of the Observations also I was beholding to you for, to you (I say) who are 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , a breathing Library, and walking Study. This, with what I before alleged, may justify this honoring of my Book with your Name, the Dedication of it to you being as proper, as that of Tullius Book De senectute ad senem; or that of Hermannus Hugo De origin foribendi ad Scribanium. The Argument also is seasonable for these tim • s, wherein Learning hath other enemies besides the ignorant, if a Governor of a College in the University, may not go for an Ignaro also; and wherein the vitals of Religion are in so much danger, partly by Skepticism of the one side, and questioning almost all the great Articles of Christian Faith, and by Libertinism on the other side, as if the Primitive Christians, Martyrs, and old Puritans, had been more precise then wise. It is your honor therefore in such a declining Age, when others dispute away Truths and Duties, to stand for Orthodox Truths, and practice holy Duties. Psal. 119. 126, 127. Old-age (saith Solomon) is a Crown when it is found in the way of Righteousness. As God hath enriched you with large Abilities, so lay them out still for the good of the Church, that so you may prove a happy instrument whilst you live of God's Glory, which is the desire of

SIR

Your most Affectionate Friend and Servant EDWARD LEIGH.

To the Judicious and Candid READER.

READER,

W Hen I first pitched my thoughts upon this Subject, I intended only to give some brief Character of some Humanists, and some of the chief reformed Writers, but in the prosecution of my Design, meeting with divers Elogies and apt descriptions of some of the chief Popish Writers, I thought it not amiss to make the Work more general. A learned Divine inquired of me, when my Body of Divinity was coming forth, Whether I treated there of Religion, seeming to wonder, that many who published Systemes of Divinity, said nothing of so useful a Subject, whereabout also many Questions might be raised and discussed. I thereupon bethinking with myself, that I might conveniently treat of it in this Book, accordingly made Religion and Learning the Argument of the two first Books, and those that were eminently Religious or Learned, are mentioned according to the order of the Alphabet in the four following Books. But I take liberty therein by reason of the Alphabetical order, and because I could not so properly refer them to the second Book, to speak of several Bibles, Councils, Confessions, Proverbs, and the Talmud, in the letter of the Alphabet, whereto they belong, the knowledge thereof being helpful to Scholars. Besides, where I speak of Charles the Great and the fifth, I also mention Charles the ninth, both because I met with an excellent Character of him in Thuanus, and also because he was a special instance of God's retaliating Justice, for shedding the blood of Protestants in the Parisian Massacre. I may perhaps also mention an Heretic that was not famous either for Learning or Piety. I thought good to advertise the Reader hereof, lest he should wonder else when he meets with these particulars. The first Book is concerning Religion, that it is, what it is, its Antiquity, the true and false Religions, the Reformed Religion, and some Questions about Religion are also discussed. The second Book is concerning Learning, its Excellentcy, Usefulness, of the Liberal Arts, the Languages, Universities. In the four last Books, my intention was to speak of such as were Zealous for the true Religion, or eminent for Learning, either as general Scholars, or peculiarly learned in any kind. As the Argument is double, Religion and Learning, and the persons double, Religious and Learned, so I should be glad, if it might conduce any way to the advancing of the esteem at least of the true Religion and Learning, to the settling of men in the true Religion, and encouraging of them in all good Literature. You have here a Catalogue of the famous Witnesses of Christ against Antichrist, of the Champions for Truth, the glorious Reformers and blessed Martyrs, to win you to the liking of, and constancy in the true Religion. You have also here a roll of the famous Linguists and Artists, the learned Lawyers, Physicians, Divines, ancient and modern, Protestants and Papists, the learned Poets, Philosophers, Historiographers, Orators, learned men and women, to allure you to a good opinion at least of Learning, as that which is so many ways useful both to Civil and Christian societies.

I might here expatiate in the just praises of England, for the purity of its Doctrine in Religion, and also for the many learned Authors here bred and fostered. But because I speak somewhat of it in the Book, I shall be the briefer here.

As the Separation made by our first Reformers was most just for the Idolatry and Cruelty of the Romish Church, Revel. 17. 5, 6. notwithstanding the great charge of Schism against us by the Romanists, so the English have since the first Reformation here happily begun in the Reign of that pious Prince Edward the sixth, and sealed with the blood of many holy Martyrs in the days of Queen Mary, maintained and countenanced that pure Religion which may fitly be called their Palladium. England is celebrated abroad by the name of the ringing Island, and it may justly ascribe the great fertility and plenty of outward blessings it enjoys, to the free entertainment it hath given to the Gospel, and the true Professors of it. But let us take heed of imitating Holland too much in an Universal Toleration of all Religions, shall, I say, or opinions, least what Baudius applies to them, agree too fitly to us, Sed vivimus hic non solum in regno libertatis verum etiam licentiae. Baud. Epist. cent. • . Epist. • 8.

For learned men, if there were Athenae Anglicae, as there are Athenae Batavae and Belgicae, and as Leland, Balaeus, Godwin of old, so some judicious pen would reckon up the Viri Illustres of later times here in England, I doubt not but there would be a great number of English Hero • s.

Pithaeus Praefat. in Quintiliani Declamationes reckons up many learned Frenchmen. Archbishop Spotswood in his History of Scotland, mentions many learned Scotchmen, l. 1. p. 22, 23.

I shall endeavor to marshall up some of our English Scholars.

For the multitude of Divines and Preachers of this Nation, I shall need to say little, it being generally acknowledged, that we herein surpass the rest of the Reformed Churches. The ancient great lights of our Church were Jewel, Humfrie, Fox, Whi • gift, Fulk, Whitaker, Rainolds, Bilson, Greenam, Babington, Eedes, Holland, Abbot, Perkins, Field, Hooker, Overall, Willet, White, Mason, Elton, Randall, Stock. The later are Davenant, Hall, Morton, Ward, Bromwrick, Boise, Preston, Stoughton, Stbbes, Go • ge, Hill, Reynolds, Seaman, Harris, Vines, Tucknie, Strong, Arrowsmith, Martial, Owen, Goodwin, Calamy, Caryl, Baxter, Marshal, Burgess, Manton, Blake.

For English Schoolmen, I say enough in Merton -College.

For Humanists Burton, Farnaby.

For Linguists, Hebricians of old, Baines, Pacie, Wakefield.

Of later time Fuller, Lively, Broughton, Ainsworth.

Grecians, Downes, Cheek, Hales, Sir Henry Savil, Du Port.

For Grammarians, Linacer, Grant.

For Historians, Matthew Paris, Matthew Westminster, Huntingdon, Gulielmus Malmesburiensis, Sir Walter Raleigh, Wheare.

For Logicians, Brerewrod, Crakanthorpe, Sanderson.

For Poets of old, Chaucer, Spenser, Ockland.

Of late, Alabaster, Serjeant Hoskius, Herbert.

For Mathematicians, Roger Bacon, Johannes de Sacro-bosco, Brigges, Lydiat, Pell, Oughtred.

For Philosophers, Sir Francis Bacon, Gilbert.

For learned Physicians, D ^r Butler, D ^r Harvy.

For learned Antiquaries, Leland, Camden, Sir Henry Spelman, Selden.

For Cosmographers, Purchas, Hues.

For learned women, Queen Elizabeth, the Lady Jane Gray, and Weston.

Some may perhaps think it may savor of flattery for me to mention the living amongst the other learned men deceased, Nam vivorum ut magna admiratio, ita censura difficilis est. Paterc. Hist. l. 2.

To that I answer, Some of those Latin Authors, which write of illustrious men, speak of divers that were then living.

2. Those that are well acquainted with my temper, will not, I suppose, much charge me with adulation, and the ordinary way of honourably mentioning Authors in quotations little differs from this.

I hope what I say in that kind will encourage and not puff up any.

As I may through mistake insert some here, who perhaps were neither eminent for Religion nor Learning, so I hope no man will imagine that I take upon me to give so complete an enumeration, as to omit none, that were too difficult a Province for me to undertake, if the most here be such as will agree with the running Title, I hope none will interpret it exclusively, as if these alone were such. I have cause to bless God that this Subject is profitable, as those others I have formerly labored in, and hope, that as they have been generally well-esteemed of (for who can expect to please all?) so this likewise will be favourably entertained by those that are candid and judicious, which is the desire of

Thy Affectionate Friend EDWARD LEIGH.

The Names of such BOOKS as this AUTHOR hath Published.

1. CRitica Sacra on the Hebrew of the Old Testament, and on the Greek of the New Testament. Fol.
2. Annotations on all the New Testament. Fol.
3. A System or Body of Divinity. Fol.
4. A Treatise of Divine Promises, 12 ^o .
5. Analecta, or Observations on the twelve first Caesar's. 8 ^o .
6. The Saints Encouragement in Evil Times. 12 ^o .
7. A Phylological Commentary, or an Illustration of the most obvious and useful Words in the Law. 8 ^o .
8. A Treatise of Religion and Learning. Fol.

A TREATISE OF RELIGION AND Learning.

BOOK I. OF RELIGION.

CHAP. I. Of Religion in general.

R ELIGION is the chief thing which distinguisheth a man from a beast; the Elephant and some bruits have a shadow of reason, but Religion is peculiar to men, or reasonable creatures at least; therefore Gesner (as I remember) saith, the Pigmies are a kind of Apes, and not men, because they have no Religion.

I Shall in the entrance to this Work show

1. That Religion is.
2. What Religion is.

1. That it is.

Some of the Arguments which prove that there is a God, prove also that there is Religion, for Religion gives God that honor and homage that is due unto him.

The working of Conscience proves that there is a God, and it also proves a Religion. The knowledge and sense of sin is in all men's hearts; the Heathens had their turpia & honesta; a great part of Religion lies in a kindly fear of sin, and the fear of punishment after sin proves it also, that there is some Religion.
2. The flying to refuge in troubles, and the praying also in straights, Ion. 3. 6. is a proof that there is a God, and also that there is a Religion.
3. It bath been the practice of all people ever since the world was, to use some religious Rites. Abel sacrificed, See Gen. 4. ult. The most ancient Heathen Histories mention their Religion. Plùtarch saith, the first care their Lawgivers had, was about their God's and their Worship. So all Nations acknowledge that there is a God, and therefore to be worshipped. Religion is the glory and excellency of Angels, in that they adore him that is better then themselves: it was the excellency of Adam in Paradise, being the effect of the Image of God upon the soul. The Jews were once the only Nation whom God honored, by intrusting them with his Oracles, Rom. 9. 4. compared with c. 3. v. 2. The embracing, maintaining and practicing of the true Religion, is the only way to make a Nation or Person strong and peaceable, 2 Chron. 11. 16, 17. prosperous and plentiful in all outward blessings, 2 Chron. 11. 5, 12. 2 Sam. 6. 12. For those that honor God he will honor, and those that despise him shall be lightly esteemed, 1 Sam. 1. 30.

2. What Religion is.

Of the word.

The Hebrew word comes from a verb which signifieth to serve or worship, see James 1. ult: for Religion, the Syriac interpreter hath a word which signifies service, worship. Austin and Lactantius derive the Latin word à religando: it is the great bond to tie us to God and to man. Others à reeligendo, or à relegendo, because by the often reading and choice of holy books Religion is learned.

Religion is either true or false.

The true Religion is that whereby we serve the true God and with true worship.

False religion is either that, whereby either we serve the false god, as the Romans in times past, or whereby we serve the true God with false worship, as the present Romans.

Religion may be thus defined.

It is an officious action, debt, duty, worship or service, inward and outward, which God requireth and man is bound to perform according to his will, by virtue of that bond whereby he is tied to God.

True Religion is the true service of the true God. Morn. de verit. Christ. relig. cap. 24.

One saith, True Religion is the right performance of those duties which we owe to the one only true God.

The Antiquity of Religion.

It was in the beginning of the world. We read of Sacrifices offered by Cain and Abel; and likewise the distinction of clean and unclean beasts.

The Christian Religion is now of some standing.

There are resemblances of all the gifts of man in the Beasts, but none of Religion, this is the chiefest perfection of man.

Azoriu • saith, Religion is a Moral and not a Theological virtue, for God is not the object of it, but the honor and worship of God, which Religion gives to the divine Majesty.

Rules to know the true Religion,

False Religions love obscurity, but the true Religion setteth forth her doctrine to view; The Mohammedans, Turks, and Persians have their service in the Arabic tongue, which the people understand not. The Jews read in their Synagogues▪ the Law and the Prophets in the Hebrew tongue, whereas the most part of their people have but little or no understanding thereof. The Papists have the Scriptures and their Liturgy in Latin.

2. False Religion is loose, but the true Religion requires strict and holy walking, James 1. 26, 27. Ea Religio praeferenda quae favet puritati & sanctitati vitae. Lessius. Fornication was scarce a sin among the Heathens; Mahomet was dissolute himself, and allowed his Disciples to be sensual; The Jews practice Usury; Abominable uncleanness is permitted and practiced at Rome.

3. The Scripture is the only rule to judge of true and false Religions, Deut 13. 1, 2, 3, 4. 1 Thes. 5. 21. 1 John. 4. 1, 2.

The marks of the true Religion laid down by Walaeus are; 1. The true knowledge of the true God. 2. A true way of reconcili •• man with God. 3. True worship of God.

Zanchi lays down these Theses.

1. True Religion (which is the same with piety) consists in the true worship of God, both external and internal, but especially in the internal.
2. True Religion knows and worships only one God, Exod. 20. 3. God will have no companion in his majesty and worship. The wisest Philosophers and best Poets among the Gentiles, thought the same; as both Justin Martyr and Clemens Alexandrinus, and other Fathers have abundantly demonstrated.
3. The true Religion worships God with no other worship then that which he hath prescribed, viz. with true piety of mind.

External Rites, Ceremonies, Sacrifices (which also are called worship) in the Scripture, are only exercises of inward piety, and therefore are so far acceptable to God as they proceed from inward piety.

Christian Religion was planted by the power of God: As it appears,

1. By its speedy propagation, Rom. 1. 8. Col. 1. 6. 1 John. 5. 4.
2. All these things were foretold long since by the Sybils and Prophets.
3. From the nature of the Doctrine of Christ, the efficacy of his Doctrine, and the authority of the Teacher: What Doctrine did Christ and his Apostles use to persuade their hearers? Give to the poor, Give your cheeks to the smiter, Do good to your enemies, Deny yourselves, Take up your Cross, You must look for many afflictions and persecutions if you follow us. O suasionem diffuasionis omnis undique plenam, saith Facinus. Yet Christ persuaded suddenly many and great men; and the reason is given Mark. 1. 22. Christ taught with authority, not as the Scribes and Pharis • es.
4. From the sublimity and symphonie and certainty of the books of the old and New Testament. Other Authors doubt and waver. 1 John. 1. 2, 3. and 5. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. 1 John. 4. 13, 14, 15, 16.
5. The purity of this Doctrine and the amplitude of the Promises.

These reasons and more are alleged by Marsilius Ficinus in his 8 ^th and 35 Chapters of his excellent book De religione Christiana.

The glory of a Religion lies in three things,

1. The excellency of Rewards.
2. The purity of the Precepts.
3. The sureness of the principles of trust.

Let us examine the Christian Religion by these things, and see if it can be matched elsewhere.

1. The reward is the eternal enjoyment of God in Christ, Psal. 6. 11. 2 Cor. 4. 16. Heb. 11. 6.
2. The purity of precepts: Our holy Religion doth not only forbid sins, but lusts, Psal. 19. 9. 1 Pet. 2. 21. The Law of God reacheth not only to the act, but to the aim and intention in duties.
3. The sureness of the principles of trust, Psal. 19. 7. Psal. 93. 5. they are called The sure mercies of David, Heb. 12. 28.

No other Religion but the Christian shows the way to salvation, nor gives assurance of salvation; nor no people but Christians have assurance.

Means to keep us constant in the Truth of Religion.

1. We should ground ourselves well in the knowledge of it, 2 Tim. 3. 14. Col. 1. 23. For which end,
- 1. Acquaint thyself well with the main principles of Religion, this is the foundation, Heb. 6. 1.
- 2. Receive nothing in Religion upon the credit of any man, Acts 17. 11. 1 Thess. 5. 21.
2. Love and practice that thou knowest, Psal. 86. 11. & 119. 3. Luke 8. 15.
3. Take heed of declining from or forsaking the least truth, Psal. 119. 127, 128.
4. Be constant in a conscionable use of all God's holy Ordinances, 1. The Ministry of the Word, Ephes. 4. 14. Heb. 10. 23, 25. 2. The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, it is the Sacrament of our nourishing and strengthening in the State of Grace, and Christ therein is received as bread, the use whereof is, to strengthen man's heart, Psal. 104. 15. 3. Prayer, Psal. 86. 16. & 119. 117.

The Gentiles accused Christians of impiety, because leaving the ancient Religion (said they) they passed to a new superstition, and forsook the worship of the God's; whence also they collected, that all the evils which infested men were sent by the angry God's, and therefore they ascribed to them the calamities of the world: To whom Tertullian well answered, That many of those calamities upon Cities and Islands happened before Christ's coming.

Whether men may be saved in any Religion?

The Socinians say a man of any persuasion may be saved, if he doth not walk contrary to his light.

The Scripture speaks but of one faith, Ephes. 4. 5. and that also the Nations should be brought to God by this Gospel, Matth. 24. 14. None can be saved without Christ, 1 Cor. 3. 11. There is no other foundation of hope and comfort, no other name under heaven, Act. 4. 12. I am the way, Joh. 14. 6.

CHAP. II. Of the chief False Religions.

THere are many false Religions, but the principal are these four.

Paganism.
Mohammedanism.
Judaism.
Popery.

First, Paganism.

The Heathen are of Christians called Pagani, because the people who lived in Country Villages (which are properly called Pagani, a Pago, and that of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , as Pomp. Festus saith, Quia eadem aqua uterentur ) remained for the most part Heathenish, after the Cities generally were converted to Christianity. B. Down. Defense of his Sermon, l. 2. ch. 7.

The Apostles first preached in great Cities, where Religion by God's blessing upon their labors did first take place, which was a cause why the name of Pagans (which properly signifieth Country-people) came to be used in common speech for the same that Infidels and unbelievers were.

There is Infidelitas negativa, or purae negationis, as in Pagans and Turks, to whom God never yet vouchsafed the means of grace. 2. Pravae dispositionis, by which one refuseth to believe, Isa. 7 9. 2 Thess. 2. 10.

The condition of the Pagans or Heathens is excellently described, Ephes. 2. 12. At that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the Commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the Covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world.

The Scripture still brands the Heathens, Ier. 10. 25. Matth. 6. 32. 1 Pet. 4. 3. the Heathens and Publicans are joined together.

They knew that there was a God, Rom. 1. 18, 19. & 2. 14. and the wisest of them worshipped the true God, Act. 17. 23. but 1. Their knowledge was imperfect and confused. 2. Languishing and fainting, mixed with many doubts, Aristotle and Plato the wisest of them doubted about God, and the immortality of the soul. 3. They had no knowledge of Christ and the Trinity of persons. No man can come to the Father but by me, he is called the Way, Joh. 5. 23. & 17. 3. 1 John 2. 23. & 5. 11, 12. Act. 4. 12.

Secondly, For their life and conversation, they had no true piety in them.

1. Because they had not faith, which only purifieth the heart, Rom. 10. 17.
2. They were not renewed or converted, everyone must be regenerated, a new creature.
3. They had not a right end in what they did.
4. All their morality was defiled with idolatry, Rom. 1. 23, 25. They became vain in their imaginations, v. 21.

The Stoics were the strictest Sect of all the Philosophers, yet there was a great difference between their discipline and the discipline of Christians; they commanded to give to the needy, but forbad to be moved with pity, because pity is a passion which a wise man should be free from: but that is a strange wisdom which takes away all humanity, that is Philanthropy, by which name the Grecians call pity.

Therefore their state before the Gospel cometh to them, must needs be woeful and damnable.

Lu • retius Carus the Philosopher and Poet, inveighing sore against the superstitious Religion of the Gentiles, and recounting the wicked fact of King Agamemnon in sacrificing his only daughter Iphigenia, being a young damsel of excellent beauty, to the intent to please the wrathful gods, hinderers of his navigation, after he had said all, closed it up in this one verse, spoken in Epiphonema.

Tantum Religio potuit suadere malorum.

They shall be judged by the Law of nature, they having never heard of Christ nor his word, shall not be punished for not believing such things.

The Heathens were Polytheists, worshippers of many God's.

The Pantheon at Rome was built by Domitian the Emperor Anno grat • ae 85. that is, a Temple for the honor of all the God's; or rather devils, Eo quod in eodem quondam omnium non Deorum, sed damonum cultus agebatur. The Scripture frequently calls such Idol-worship the worship of devils.

They generally worshipped the Sun, as Macrobi • s and others show.

It is a question, An ex meliore usu legis naturae pendeat revelatio Evangelii, whether the revelation of the Gospel depend on the better use of the Law of Nature?

Walaeus in his answer to Corvinus, c. 5. alledgeth Rom. 3. 11. & Psal. 14. 3. and saith, that experience gives testimony to this assertion of the Scripture, for there was never any found amongst those Nations, to whom the Gospel was not preached, who drew the knowledge of Christ from the light of nature, or to whom God miraculously revealed Christ for his improving the Law of Nature. Cornelius lived at Cesarea, with the Jews. Job was of the posterity of Abraham, he instructed his posterity, Gen. 18. 19. nay God often passed by those who most improved the light of nature, and revealed Christ by the Gospel to those who were more wicked and perverse then they, Deut. 32. 28. Ezek. 3. 16. & 5. 6. Matth. 11. 21. not to Socrates, Plato, Aristides, Cato, laudatissima inter Gentiles nomina, but to more wicked.

But we preach Christ crucified, unto the Jews a stumbling block, and unto the Greeks foolishness, 1 Cor. 1. 23.

The Jews mock us, because we had such a Messiah which cried out, My God, my God, why hast thou saken me? If he was God (say they) why did he so cry out? did not all troubles come to him by his own will?

Wisdom is justified of her children.

We have those famous Apologies of Justin Martyr, who dedicated his first to the Roman Senate, and his second to Antoninus Pius Augustus; and that of Tertullian, who in the time of Severus the Emperor, seeing Christians persecuted only for the Name, as a sufficient crime, wrote his Learned, large and accurate Apology, dedicating it to the Emperor and his Son. He is styled by Pierius Valerianus, Acerrimus Christiani nominis propugnator.

The wiser Heathens did call the Christians Idiots, and reproached them as illiterate.

But the Atheist cannot name any age wherein the Heathen had an Oliver to oppugn our Christian profession, but we had a Rowland to defend it. If they had a Porph • rie or Celsus to oppose Philosophy against it, we had an Arnobius, an Origen to maintain and follow Christianity. If they had a Symmachus, we had an Ambrose and Prudentius: If they had a Julian, we had a Gregory Nazianzon.

Those Atlasses of Christian Religion equalled the most renowned Heathens in all Learning (as well as they exceeded them in true Religion:) Such among others were Justin a Philosopher and Martyr, Tertullian, Irenaeus, Cyprian, Origen, (Learned to a miracle) Clement of Alexandria, Eusebius, Epiphanius, the three Learned Gregory's, Nazianzen, Nyssene, Thaumaturgus, both the Basils, Athanasius, Cyril, Minutius Felix, Arnobius, Chrysostom, Jerome, Ambrose, Lactantius, Austin, Prosper, Hilary, Prudentius, and others, of most eminent Learning, piety and courage, who defended the Christian Religion against proud Heathens and pestilent Heretics of those days. D ^r Gaudens Defense of the Ministry, pag. 407.

Of all the Countries subject to the Papal Empire, England suffered the most hard and shameful servitude, especially in the reign of Henry the 2 ^d , and John, and Henry the 3 ^d .

Some say, England was the first Kingdom in all the world, which received the Gospel with the countenance of Supreme Authority, it was prima provinciarum quae amplexa est fidem Christi, so Sabellicus and others.

By whom the Christian Religion was first brought hither, is disputed, some say by James the brother of John, some Simon Zealots, some Peter and Paul, others Joseph of▪ Arimathea, some Gregory the Pope.

See Camdens Prefat. ad Britain. Godw. de praesulibus Angliae, Antiquitates Britannicae. Episc. Usser. de Britannic. Eccles. Primord. cap. 8. Bed. Hist. l. 1. cap. 23. B. Mort. Appeal, l. 1. c. 4. & 9. Rivii Reg. Anglic. in Hiber. def. p. 44, &c.

The first Christian King that ever was in the world was King Lucius a Britain, and the first Christian Emperor was born in England, even Constantine the Great.

Habemus optime vir Dei, (saith Zanchius in his 2 ^d Book of Epist. to Bullinger, upon the relation of the burning of Archbishop Cranmer) pro quo gratias aga mus Deo, quod tot tantorumque virorum sanguine, cùm alibi, tum praesertim in illo Anglicano Regno, sacro sanctum Filii sui Evangelium quotidie obsignare dignatur, ad confirmandam fidem nostram, & ad instaurationem sanctorum. Fieri non potest, quin solum illud tanto Martyrum sanguine irrigatum, laetas Domino segetes ferat, ex quibus Ecclesia Christi coalescat. Fieri etiam non potest, quin tantus sanguis e terra clamet ad Dominum: O barbaram, impiam, & omnis humanitatis expertem meretricem. Perdat illam Deus, & quam citissime sua in illam judicia patefaciat.

Thuanus reporteth of Ludovicus Marsacus a Knight of France, when he was led with other Martyrs that were bound with cords to execution, and he for his dignity was not bound, he cried, Cur non & me quoque torque donas, & insignis hujus ordinis militem creas? Give me my chain to, let me be a Knight of the same Order.

CHAP. III. The second great false Religion is Mohammedanism.

IN the Year of our Lord 666, the detestable Sect of Muhammad began to take strength and place.

Moamed or Machumed an Ishmaelite being a poor man till he married a widow wealthy and of high countenance: having the falling sickness, whereby the widow was sorry that she matched with him, persuaded her by himself and others, that his fits were but a trance, wherein he talked with the Angel Gabriel. The woman made women believe that her husband was a Prophet: afterwards men by help of certain Heretics set the false Prophet forward. From Judaism Arius, N • storius, and his own brain he frameth a Doctrine. He prevaileth so by force of his wild company and guile deceiving the simple, that before his death he winneth Arabia, and the Countries about Euphrates. The sons of Ishmael ashamed of Agars name, borrow from Sara the term of Saracens. Brought. Concent.

He gave sundry Laws to his followers, patched of many Sects and Religions together: He taught them to pray ever to the South, and as we keep the Sunday, so they keep the Friday, which they call the day of Venus. He permitted them to have as many Wives as they were able to maintain; to have as many Concubines as they list; to abstain from the use of wine, except on certain solemn days in the year; to have and worship only one God omnipotent, saying that Moses and the Prophets were great men, but Christ was greater, and greatest of all the Prophets, as being born of the Virgin Mary by the power of God, without man's seed, and at last was taken up to heaven, but was not slain, but another in his likeness for him. Fox 's Act. and Monum. Vol. 1. p. 161. See 963, 964.

The Persians believe in Mahomet, yet the Turks and they differ in opinion about him, the one pursuing the other with most deadly hatred, insomuch that there is almost continual War between them.

The Alcoran is given out for the Word of God; it is written in Arabic verse, in form of a Dialogue between the Angel Gabriel and their Prophet, it is prohibited to be translated, which both preserves the Arabic tongue and conceals the Religion. M ^r Henry Blunt 's Voyage into the Levant▪ p. 146.

The Alcoran is stuffed with obsceanness, lies, miracles, visions, moral and natural Philosophy▪ such trash as may wonderfully provoke the silliest Student to a height of laughter. It is in Volume twice so big as the Psalms of David, divided into a hundred and fourteen Chapters. He denies Christ to be the Son of God, and saith, that the Virgin conceived by smelling to a Rose presented her by Gabriel, and, that he was born out of her breasts. Also that he was not crucified, but Judas or some other wicked thief; Christ being separated from them by a cloud that covered him, and came from heaven, Herb. Trav. l. 2. p. 273, & 254.

Brerewood in his Enquiries, cap. 11. gives four reasons of the spreading of Mahumetanism, whereof two are,

1. Their peremptory restraint (even on the pain of death) of all disputations touching their Religion, and calling any point of it into question.
2. The sensual liberty allowed by it, viz. to have many wives, and the like promise of sensual pleasures to succeed after this life (to the Religious observers of it) in Paradise.

God was pleased to suffer a base Epileptick person, a villain and vicious, to set up a Religion which hath filled almost all Asia and Africa, and some parts of Europe. D ^r Tailors Rule of a Holy Dying, ch. 1. sect. 4.

Vide Crines. Discurs. de Confus. Ling. c. 6.

The Janizaries (many of which were at first Christians) are the greatest strength of the Turkish Empire, being first instituted by Amurath the first, they are often dreadful unto the great Turk himself; after whose death they have sometimes preferred to the Empire such of the Emperors sons as they best liked, without respect of prerogative of age, contrary to the will of the great Sultan himself. Some suppose they are not unlike in time to be the chief cause of the ruin of that large Empire.

The Christians themselves in Turkey are numerous.

When any of the Janizaries have committed ought worthy of death, the custom is to send the same party in the night time over by Boat from Constantinople to Pera; where by the way he is thrown into the water with a great stone about his neck, and then there is a piece of Ordinance shot off, which is a token of some such execution. The Turk is forced to take this course, lest the rest of his Janizaries should mutiny when any of their fellows is put to death.

That complicate error of the Socinians sprung from Mohammedanism.

The abstinence and sobriety of many Turks will condemn intemperate Christians, and their frequent prayers, the prophanness of divers Christians.

There is a Book in Latin in Folio, styled Machumetis Alcoran, published by Theodore Bibliander. There is the Premonition of Philip Melancthon to the Reader of the Alcoran, Biblianders Apology for the edition of the Alcoran, Annotations upon it, and several other things out of Ludovicus Vives, and others against it.

Before the Turks come to prayer, they prepare themselves thereunto by outward washing of themselves in token of reverence, and suffer no women to come to their Churches, lest the sight of them should withdraw their minds from prayer.

CHAP. IV. The third false Religion is Judaism.

THey were after the Babylonian Captivity casled Jews of the chief and royal Tribe, and their Country Judea.

Before Christ's death the Gospel was revealed only to the Jews, a few Gentiles were brought in, as Rahab, Job, the people of Nineveh; after his resurrection it was revealed to all Nations, Mark 16. 16. The first Church that ever was gathered, was of the Jews, Matth. 15. 24. Luke 24. 47. Because 1. They were the first-born, and their Fathers were in Covenant with God, Gen. 17. 7. 2. Christ came of them after the flesh, Rom. 9. 4, 5.

The Jews look for a Messiah to come in outward pomp, yet some of their Rabbin's say, In Regno Messiae nihil mundanum.

They detested the Publican's of old as most vile sinners, but now they are the only Publicans who serve under the Turk; no man will trust them now they are so perfidious. See Deut. 32. 26.

They are of more vile account in the sight of Turks then Christians; insomuch that if a Jew would turn Turk, he must first turn Christian before they will admit him to be a Turk, Biddulphs Travels.

They deride Christ with that reproachful and despiteful name Talui, which is as much as hanged or crucified.

After their prayers, they utter an execrable curse against all Christians and Baptized Jews.

They are given much to Fables, Titus 1. 14.

Nunquam tam been intellexi quae de Iudaicis fabulis vitandis monet Paulus, atque quum Talmud. gustavi. Wal. Epist. Walaeo Gomarus.

This is a sign that they are given up by God to a reprobate mind, as the Lord threatens, Deut. 28. 28.

They have been cast off 1600 Years, the curse they wished on themselves is upon them till this day.

Polyd. Vergill. de Invent. Rerum, l. 8. c. 4. saith, the people of the Jews, though it embraced the same Law, was divided into divers Sects, Nazarenes, Pharisees, Essenes, Sadducees, Samaritans, Herodians.

There are three principal Sects among the Jews, Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes.

1. Pharisees.

They were the strictest Sect among the Jews, Act. 26. those that pretended most of all to walk according to the rules of the Jewish Religion. Paul the Apostle was a Pharisee.

See of them Spanhem. Dub. Evan. parte tertia, Dub. 28. & Cameron on Matth. 20. v. 3.

2. The Sadducees.

Antigonus Master to Sadoc the Father of the Sadducees, exhorted his Scholars to embrace the Law, not looking for a reward, that is, for love of itself. Sadoc and the Sadducees after him taught that there was no reward after this life, and therefore no resurrection. D ^r Lightfoots 3 ^d part of his Harmony, Sect. 6.

It is noted of them, that of all other Sects, they were the most cruel in their judicial censures, as Euseb. Eccles. Hist. l. 2. c. 14. out of Josephus. They denied the resurrection and last judgment; so as they were Atheists. This made them dare to practice all cruelty and injustice: For Maxima peccandi ill • cebra impunitatis spes.

See of them Spanhem. Dub. Evang. parte tertia Dub. 29.

3. The Essenes.

From whom some fetch the original of Christian Monks.

There were also Scribes, Learned men, which professed the reading and interpretation of the Law, either of the Sect of the Pharisees or Sadducees.

The Jews had so high an opinion of the Scribes and Pharisees, that they thought if but two went to heaven, one must be a Scribe and the other a Pharisee.

For Justification, They found no need of the righteousness of Christ, therefore Christ saith he came not to call such righteous persons (in their own conceit) but sinners. See Rom. 10. 3.

For Sanctification: All their righteousness came from self, that which may be found in a natural man; they knew not what Regeneration or a new nature meant, John 3. 4. 10. 2. Not the Law, but their interpretation of it was their rule, Matth. 5. 27. 3. They pleaded their obedience before God, All these have I kept from my youth.

The Rabbins have much from old Writers agreeable to the Apostles Doctrine, but stained with dogged blasphemies, notwithstanding their readiness in the Text and Records in pieces of ancient Truth must be regarded. As touching their sayings, fighting for us against themselves, I think them profitable when they are cited with skill, what they do mean or ought to mean, otherwise they will trouble much men little acquainted with them. H. Broughton of Melchis.

Two things are most firmly to be held against the Jews.

1. That the promised Messiah is come.
2. That Jesus of Nazareth is the true Messiah.

The first is most certain from these Arguments.

1. Because the Messiah ought to come when the Scepter was taken from Judah, Gen. 49. 10.
2. Because he was to come before the destroying of the second Temple, Hag. 2. 8, 10. Mal. 3. 1.
3. Because the place of the Nativity of the Messiah hath been destroyed for 1500 years and more: That is, Bethlehem, Mic. 5. 2.
4. Because the Oracles and Heathenish Idolatries, and also the Levitical Ceremonies have ceased, Zach. 13. 2, 4. Dan. 9. 26, 27.

The second also is most certain, That Jesus of Nazareth is the true Messiah, because all the Prophesies of the Old Testament concerning the Messiah, agree to him.

1. He was born when the Scepter departed from Judah, according to the Prophesy of Jacob, Gen. 49. 10.
2. He came while the second Temple stood, Hag. 2. 8. Mal. 3. 1.
3. He was born in Bethlehem, Mic. 5. 2. Matth. 2. Luk. 2.
4. When he came the Oracles ceased, according to that Zach. 13. 24. as it is manifest from Plutarch, about the ceasing of Oracles, Iuvenals 6 ^th Satire and Ecclesiastical History.
5. He abrogated the Levitical Ceremonies and Sacrifices, Dan. 9. 26, 27. Ier. 3. 16.

Ibn-Ezra upon Isa. 52. 13. confesseth that the Jewish Rabbins affirm, that those things are spoken of the Messiah. So also doth Abrabaneel upon the place: and the Chaldee Paraphrast there for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 My servant, hath 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 My servant Messiah.

The Conversion of the Jews is called by Paul a mystery, it is uncertain when it shall be.

There are divers hindrances of their Conversion.

1. The great differences among Christians.
2. Their slighting and undervaluing of Gospel Ministry and Ordinances, the multitude of Heresies and Blasphemies.
3. Their loose lives, swearing, cursing, Sabbath-breaking.
4. The great Idolatry of the Church of Rome, artolatria & iconolatria: The Jews hate Image-worship.
5. The severe carriage of Christians in civil commerce with them.

Helps to their Conversion.

1. Unity.
2. Holiness of life and conversation.
3. The love of the Gospel, and propagation of it to dark places.
4. Knowledge and skill in the Old Testament, and Rabbins.
5. Earnest prayer. When we were out of Covenant they prayed for us, Cant. 8. 8.

By those arguments, John. 5. 30. Act. 17. 2. & 18. 28. Rom. 16. 26. many Jews have been overcome. Johannes Isaac a Jew was converted by reading Isa. 53. And conferring with five Rabbins at Frankefort, out of that Chapter he brought them to such straits, that they could not answer. Isaac contra Lindanum l. 2. defense. Heb. verit.

Lyra, Immanuell Tremellius, Paulus Ricius, Lud. Carretus, were converted Jews.

M ^r Fox preached a Sermon at the Baptism of a Jew.

God will exalt the Jews as the Mother-Church, so that all the Churches in all the world shall depend on them, as some conceive, Isa. 60. 17. Ezek. 16. Rev. 21. 24.

CHAP. V. The fourth principal false Religion is Popery.

POpery is but Ethnicismus redivivus, as divers have shown; or Heathenism and Judaism together. Irrepsit in ceremonias Iudaismus, in vitam Paganismus. Nota nimis ac testata loquor, & veriora quam vellem. Dominatur in Monasteriis Pharisaismus, in Canonicorum collegiis Epicurismus. Rivius de Religion, l. 2.

Papastry is a Pile or Timpany rather of Doctrines and Ceremonies cemented and built with admirable skill. All the subtleties and counsels and cunning slights of human wit have been employed in the framing of it. Therefore the Apostle styles it The mystery of iniquity. Moulins Antibarb. ch. 8.

Though they maintain the same Scriptures with us, the same Commandments, the Lord's Prayer, and the three Creeds, of the Apostles, of Nice, and of Athanasius, yet they have many superstructions, and groundless additions of their own both in Doctrine and Worship. See Beza 's Traicte Des Marques De Leglise Cathol. p. 86. jusques au fin.

The Church of Rome when Luther arose, was not the Catholic Church, but only a part of it, and the most corrupted and incorrigible. Chillingworth cap. 3. Sect. 56.

Si authoritas quaeritur orbis major est urbe—Quid mihi proffers unius viri consuetudinem? Hieron. ad Evagrium.

We protest and proclaim that we have very little hope of their salvation, who either out of negligence of seeking the truth, or unwillingness to find it, live and die in the impieties of that Church. Chillingworth ch. 3. Sect. 63.

S ^r Edwin Sands in his Europae speculum, or Relation of Religion of the Western parts of the World, discovers fully the superstitions and gross corruptions of the Church of Rome.

He shows how their State is strangely compacted of infinite contrarieties.

What pomp, what riot to that of their Cardinals? What severity of life comparable to their Hermits and Capuchins? Who wealthier then their Prelates? Who poorer by vow and profession then their Mendicants? On the one side of the street a Cloister of Virgins: On the other a Sty of Courtezans, with public toleration: This day all in masks with all looseness and foolery; tomorrow all in Processions, whipping themselves till the blood follow. On one door an Excommunication, throwing to hell all transgressors; on another, a Jubilee or full discharge from all transgressions. He saith this is a Proverb recorded in their own books, That the worst Christians of Italy are the Romans, of the Romans the Priests are wickedest, the lewdest Priests are preferred to be Cardinals, and the baddest man among the Cardinals is chosen to be Pope.

There is a twofold separation.

One condemned, Jude v. 19. when men separate from a Church where salvation is to be had: Christ did not separate from the communion of the Jewish Church, John 4. 21, 22. but from the corruptions of it. He frees the Law from the false glosses of the Pharisees, the 5 ^th , 6 ^th and 7 ^th Chapters of Matthew, he would not join with them in their superstitious purifications. They kept the Passover a day after its time, he kept it a day before they kept it, Matth. 26. 27.

2. Another commended and approved, Rev. 16. 3. & 18. 4. Salvation was no longer to be had in Rome, their worship was grossly corrupt, in such cases not only a mental but external separation was requisite. See Camer. Popish Prejud. Examined and Confuted, c. 33.

Gerh •• d. in his Confess. Cathol. l. 1. General. part. 1. c. 4. shows, that many before Luther's time confessed that the Doctrine of the Church of Rome was corrupt and needed Reformation, and some that were his contemporaries, and also after him, did the like.

One saith the Papists Liturgies are full of Idolatry and blasphemies, their Legends full of lies, their Ceremonies of superstition.

Cardinal Mattheo Langî, Archbishop of Salzburg, told everyone, that the reformation of the Mass was honest, the liberty of meats convenient, and the demand just to be disburdened of so many Commandments of men, but that a poor Monk should reform all, was not to be endured. And Cornelius Scoperus the Emperors Secretary, said, that if the Protestant Preachers had money, they would easily buy of the Italians what Religion pleased them best, but without gold it was impossible to make theirs shine in the world. Hist. of the Counc. of Trent, l. 1. pag. 55.

The Pope in the beginning of the Council of Trent, being desired to make a Reformation to please the Lutherans, No saith he, it is in vain, a whole Reformation will undo the Church, and a half Reformation will not gratify the Lutherans, therefore it is better to embitter both the parties.

In the vacancies of the Sea of Rome the Cardinals use to compose certain capitulations to reform the Papal Government, which all swear to perform, if they shall be assumed to the Popedom, though it appear by all precedent examples, that everyone sweareth with a mind not to keep them in case he shall be Pope. For so soon as he is elected, he saith he could not bind himself, and that he is at liberty by gaining the Papacy. History of the Council of Trent, l. 1. p. 71.

The Cardinals chosen by Pope Paul the third, to consider of the State of the Church, made report that there were many corruptions in it, (31 abuses) especially in the manners of Bishops and Clergymen. That the Bishops were idle; did not instruct the people, nor feed the Flock, nor look to the Lord's Vineyard: that they lived in Princes Courts, and kept not home. That the Cardinals had sometimes three, sometimes four Bishops in Commendam, not without great prejudice to the Church, for that those Offices are not compatible, or to be held together. That the Covents ought to be clean banished out of the Church. B. Jewels Epistle concerning the Council of Tren • t

In the midst of Popery God had his people, which holding the foundation rejected their errors, and out of Babylonish darkness he brought many to the sight of the truth, as Waldo, Wycliffe, Luther, Zwingli.

God stirred up in several ages some public and constant Confessors of the Faith, which publicly set themselves against Popery, some of which resisting it even unto blood, had the Crown of Martyrdom. Those Confessors may be distributed into three Classes or ranks. The first comprehends the whole Churches, the Waldenses and the Greek Church. The other comprehends the Emperors and Kings which opposed themselves to the Papal Tyranny. The third the Doctors and Martyrs, which taxed the errors and abuses brought into the Church.

Bellarmine, Bozius, Cocceius, Costerus and others, have written many things of the Marks or Signs of a Church: Costerus reckons three, Cocceius five, Bellarmine fifteen, Bozius a hundred: Some assign more, some fewer Marks, but all greatly glory of the holiness of the Roman Church, as a special and infallible note: If the question be of the Roman Church, they answer, It is One, Holy, Catholicall, Apostolical: If of the Papal Sea, The Holy, Apostolical Sea: If of the Pope of Rome, The most Holy Father; If they speak to him, Your Holiness: Oh quam sancta omnia?

But whether we understand of holiness of Doctrine, or holiness of Life, how little holiness is to be found amongst them?

What holiness of Doctrine is there in that Tenet, to hold that Priests may not marry. See Heb. 13. 4.

What holiness of life there is amongst them, their Stews, and their dissolute courses show.

The nine choice persons elected by Paul the third, to reform their Church, complain of the Stews ,

         Roma vale, vidi, satis est vidisse, revertar,
        
         Cum leno, aut meretrix, Scurra, Cinaedus ero.
        
         Vivere qui sancte cupitis, discedite Româ,
        
         Omnia cùm liceant, non licet esse pium.
         
          Mantuan.

How dissolute and prodigiously wicked many of the Popes have been, the Popish Writers themselves mention.

How unclean and Sodomitical many of their Cardinals were, we have evident Testimony. See the Scarlet Gown, or the History of all the present Cardinals at Rome.

How desperate the life and death of many Jesuits hath been, who have against their own consciences opposed the truth: Elias Hasenmullerus in his Historia ordinis Iesuitici reports, who relates many examples to that purpose seen and heard by himself. See Chap. 4, & 5. of their public and private life. Chap. 11. of their death. Of their filthy Monks and Votaries, Bale hath written two parts.

For their worshipping of Relics, what a fond thing is that? When many of their Saints are but supposed, and their Relics also. To worship the supposed Relique of a supposed Saint.

Calvin an eye-witness, testifieth, that when Geneva received the Doctrine of the Gospel, the Relics were visited by the authority of the Magistrate, and it was found that what they had adored till then, as if it had been the brain of Peter, was a Pumice stone; and what they had believed to be S ^t Anthony 's arm, was the sinew of a Hart or Stag.

The parts and parcels of wood kept in Europe, which they say are parts of the Cross whereon Christ died, are so many, that if they were all gathered together, they would load a ship, and yet it was no greater then a man may bear The milk of the Virgin Mary is so plentiful in many places, that seven of the best Kine in Holland are not able to give so much milk in ten years, saith One.

They show Judas his Lanthorn at S ^t Denis in France. At Rome there is kept in S ^t John's Church in Lateran, the circumcised foreskin of Christ, and the Altar at which John did say Divine Service in the Wilderness.

See D ^r Willet on Exod. 16. Confer. 5. and D ^r Halls no Peace with Rome, p. 661.

For the holy Scripture, though Bellarmine brags, Romanenses pluris facere Scripturam, quam Lutheranos, yet Gerhard in the first General book of his Catholic Confession, part. 2. c. 4. shows, that the Papists weaken the Divine Majesty and authority of the Scriptures twelve ways, besides the several reproaches cast upon it by divers of them, which he there also mentions.

Petrus Fragius Doctor of Divinity made an Oration to the Fathers of the Council of Trent to assert the authority of the Pope of Rome: He told them God had prayed for Peter, who being after converted, confirmed his brethren in the faith. Si igitur (said he) Dominus pro Petro precatus est, cur jam pro Iulio non precabitur. What is Christ more weak or cruel now then he was? and is Julius inferior in dignity and office to Peter himself? Minime vero vel ipsis crepantibus Antichristis. But thou wilt say, that none was strengthened in the faith by Julius? But dost not thou see a remedy prepared, viz. an Ecumenical Council. Hic nobis adest Cardinalis Crescens, qui ut Ecclesiae dignitas crescat & recuperetur, efficiet. Gentilet. Exam. Council. Trid. l. 3. Sess. 12.

For the Lord's Supper and the Mass, Peter du Moulin in his Anatomy de la Messe, l. 1. chap. 2. reckons up thirty four contrarieties between them. How the Papists transgress against both Law and Gospel, breaking every Commandment, and violating every article of the Creed, and both the Sacraments.

The Papists have used both violent and fraudulent means to propagate their Religion.

1. Violent, as the Spanish Inquisition, the Irish Immanity, the Gunpowder plot in England show. They teach that heretics are to be extirpated with fire and sword.

Thuanus Hist. tom. 5. parte secunda p. 135. fully relates the Gunpowder Treason, and begins thus, Nunc horrendam & ab omnibus aeque damnatam conjurationem contra magnae Britanniae Regem vitam continua narratione exequemur.

They use fraudulent means, they make use of spurious writings, defend equivocation, they shelter themselves with false Miracles, Legends, Relicks.

That Massacre of Paris was very cruel, but ushered in with pretences of great love and friendship,

There are three maxims (saith Peter du Moulin ) which are the pillars of Popery.

The first of which is, That the Church of Rome cannot err.

The second, That the Pope and the Church of Rome are not subject to the holy Scripture, but have more Authority then it.

The third, That the Pope and Church of Rome have power to change the Commandments of God, and to make new Articles of Faith.

D ^r Ereston (as I remember) reduceth all to these two heads:

1. That the true Church cannot err.
2. That the Church of Rome is that true Church.

Peter du Moulin in his Anatomy De La mess l. 4. Chap. 5. shows when England received the Orders of Rome, Chap. 7. when Popery was brought into France, and Chap. 8. when it was brought into Spain.

What opinion was there heretofore of Monkery?

What esteem have the Papists of it still? This is one of the Prerogatives of the Order of S ^t Francis and S ^t Dominick, that the habit of S ^t Francis or S ^t Dominick is worthy a second Baptism, and that by this habit all the former sins are blotted out. Whence it came, that many Princes and Persons of quality in mortal diseases, have put on the habit of S ^t Francis, that they might blot out all their sins.

Learned Rudolphus Agrîcola dying at Heidelburg was buried in a Fraciscans habit by the Minorites, as he commanded.

Campians brag in his third reason, Ad Patres si quando licebit accedere; confectum est praelium, tam sunt nostri, quam Gregorius ipse Decimus tertius, filiorum Ecclesiae Pater amantissimus, is succinctly and pithily answered by our learned Whitaker, Quem nos filiorum Ecclesiae hostem capitalem & furiosum esse novimus, eum tu Patrem vocas amantissimum, & quam hoc verum est, tam illud esse verum concludis. Fateor ambo, quam illud, utrumque enim falsissimum.

CHAP. VI. Of the Reformed Religion.

THe people of God which are called and come out of Babylon need not a new plantation of a Church, but a Reformation only. In which respect the term of the Reformed Churches is very fit and godly, and the proceeding accordingly. Whereas the course of the Anabaptists, and all such as either begin all anew, or aver such Assertions as do necessarily imply it, is not only preposterous, but exceeding sinful and erroneous. Johnson's Christian Plea, pag. 137.

Gerhard in his Catholic Confession, lib. 1. General. part. 1. cap. 4. saith, That Luther in his work of Reformation, Non fuisse novi alicujus dogmatis inventorem, sed antiquae fidei assertorem; nec fuisse novae Ecclesiae autorem, sed pristinae repurgatorem. Junius noster dicere solebat, Papistas ita in fundamentis errare, ut à fundamentis non aberrarent▪ cui ego plane assentio •• Walaei Epistolae Antonio Walaeo Hugo Grotio.

Gerhard in his first General Book of his Catholic Confession, chap. 6. speaks of Luther the instrument of Reformation, and chap. 7. of the occasion of Reformation, the immoderate extolling of the Popes indulgences, and the excessive gain of those that vented them.

The Prophet Zacharias saith, The man whose name is the Branch, he shall build the Temple of the Lord: Because, 1. The Temple is Christ's house, Matth. 16. 18. Heb. 3. 6. 2. Christ hath undertaken this work.

This appears in the work of Reformation, because they which were the chief Reformers did not communicate their counsels to one another; and likewise if we consider the instruments, by Luther a Monk, and other mean men in Germany, and by Edward the 6 ^th a child in England, and by a woman Q. Elizabeth, that such a glorious work should be effected.

Also if we observe how our cause from the beginning against the will, of Emperors, and many Kings, maugre the malice of Popes, hath taken increase, and by little and little spread into all Countries.

Quibus armis obsecro vos intra annos 58. plus minus, expug • atum fere est Antichristi regnum in tota prope Europa: Regnum ver • Christi longe lateque propagatum per homines imbecilles atque inermes, per Lutherum cum suis in Germania, per Zuinglium in Helvetia, per Calvinum in Galliis, perque alios, aliis in locis, nisi vi verbi & Spiritus Sanctus, qui in ipsis locutus est, suasque exeruit vires, adversus omnem mundi, & Satanae potestatem? Zanch. Orat.

The Church of Rome was so unsound in Doctrine, and corrupt in worship, that it was no schism but a duty then to separate from it.

The means taken by the first Reformers for promoting the work of Reformation of Religion.

1. They searched diligently into the Word of God, and so discovered the errors of Popery. Their care was after to translate the Bible into vulgar languages, and to interpret it to the people, and illustrate it with ample Comments.

2. They were careful to educate children in the Principles of Christian Religion and Piety. It is a piece of Luther's counsel, if ever you would have a good Reformation look to the Reformation of children.

3. They were ready to dispute with their Adversaries in all places, and speedily to reply to their writings.

Nonne tot disputationes Witembergenses, Ratisbonienses, Augustanae, Spirenses, Wormatienses, Bernenses, Posliacenae, Londinenses, Cantabrigienses, Oxonienses testes esse possunt locupletissimae: quo animo, qua doctrina, qua veritate causam Religions nostrae propugnaverimus. Whitakeri ad Rat. primam Camp. Response.

Chamier hath answered the Papists generally in his learned Panstratia Catholica.

Bellarmine is well answered by Junius, Ames, Whitaker.

The Rhemist Testament and the Notes are well confuted by Cartwright and Fulk.

Casaubone hath written learned Exercitations against Baronius.

Bishop Morton, Doctor Fulk and Whitaker have answered the Treatises of several Papists.

Rivet and Blondel and Moulin have answered Cardinal Peroon.

Bishop Usher, Bishop Andrew's, Bishop Abbot, Doctor Prideaux, and others of our Divines, have stoutly opposed other Papists.

The Reformed Religion is well defended by the English and French Divines. Some much commend three Epistles, that Epistle or Preface of Calvin's to his Institutions: That of Casaubons to his Exercitations against Baronius; and that of Thuanus or Guicchardine before his History. That of Calvin's is a succinct and pithy Apology for the Protestant Religion.

I • else Apology was generally liked by the Reformed Churches.

Daille, Croyus, Blondel, Jacobus Cappel, Amyrot, and Gentilettus, have written in French or Latin in Defense of the Reformed Religion.

4. They diligently compiled the Histories of those times and actions, and especially Martyrologies of such as rendered by their deaths a testimony to that truth which was perfecuted in them.

As we ought highly to reverence the Fathers for their Antiquity, so in our times we owe much respect to many famous Writers, because by their most learned Labors they have given great light to the right understanding of the holy Scripture. We have the same instruments which they had, viz. the holy Scriptures, and far greater help.

Zwingli, Luther, Calvin, all those learned men are to be loved and highly honored, as those that have well deserved of the Church; their Books are also to be diligently read, and to be preferred before the Volumes of many of the Fathers, as those which have more truly interpreted the mind of the holy Ghost then the Fathers, which have illustrated the Christian Doctrine brought out of darkness with wonderful perspicuity, have comprised it with wonderful brevity, and explained it in an excellent method. Zanch. Prolegom. in Esaiam.

Illustres illi viri, nec unquam sine summa honoris praefatione nominandi, quorum Deus in religione restauranda, opera usus est.

Upon the view of the Doctrine of the Church of England, compiled by them in the XXXIX Articles, translated into Latin in the days of King Edward the 6 ^th , and sent abroad into the whole Christian world, it was said abroad, Puritas doctrinae viget in Anglia.

For the first ten years of Queen Elizabeth, most of the Papists of England came to our Churches, prayed our prayers, heard our Sermons, and received our Sacraments, until by the instigation of the Jesuits, Pope Pius Quintus excommunicated Queen Elizabeth, and enjoined all the Papists not to resort to our Churches. So they did in Ireland till 88, some Spanish Priests then landing there, told them▪ it was condemned in the Council of Trent.

This is that Religion which (since the first Reformation of it, Anno 1. Edw. 6.) above one and twenty several Sessions of Parliament, as learned, as wise, as religious as ever were in this Kingdom, have allowed and approved.

M ^r Baxter in his Confession of Faith, Sect. 41. saith thus of the late Assembly of Divines at Westminster; I so highly reverence that Assembly, that I think this Nation since the Apostles days, had never any that excelled it for Piety and Ability: and Sect. 3. he much magnifies both the Confession of Faith, and the Shorter Catechism put out by the Assembly. I truly profess (saith he, Sect. 5.) I take the Labors of the Assembly, especially these three Pieces (the Confession of Faith, the larger and lesser Catechism) for the best Books, next my Bible, in my study.

What Kingdom in Europe is there which hath not yielded eminent Scholars, and famous Martyrs of the Reformed Religion.

France had Calvin, Farel, Viret, Sadeel, Daneus, Marlorate, Beza, Mornee, Chamier, Rivet, Peter du Moulin, Daille, and many others.

Italy brought forth and cast out (because it was unworthy of them) Peter Martyr, Zanchi, also Immanuel Tremellius, and Deodate.

Spain had John Diaz, Agustine Cacalla, and also other Martyrs.

Germany had Luther, Melancthon, Joachim Camerarius and Chemnitz, Zwingli, Oecolampadius, Martin Bucer, Wolfangus Capito, Caspar Hedio, Musculus, Hyperius, Foster, Avenarius, Mollerus, Pezelius.

Helvetiae had Bullinger, Gwalther, Pellicane, Leo Iudae, Aretius, Wolfius, Simler, Bibliander, Stuckius.

England was fruitful of Martyrs and great Scholars, Barns, Rogers, Cranmer, Latimer, Ridlie, Hooper, Philpot, Haux, Bradford, Jewel, Rainolds, Whitaker, Fulk, Perkins, Morton, Davenant, Twisse, Prideaux, and divers others.

Denmark brought forth Palladius, Hemmingius, and many others.

Polonia brought forth Johannes à Lasco. Servavit te huc usque Deus, ut sicut Lutherus suae Germanias, Zwingli suae Helvetiae, Calvinus suae Galliae, ita tu tuae Poloniae sis Apostolus. Zanch. Epist. l 2. ad illum.

Scotland was made famous by the Martyrdom of Patrick Hamilton, and by the Doctrine of John Knox, and Robert Rollock, Andrew Melvin, Cameron, Baronius, Forbes.

This may suffice to answer that calumny of the Jesuits, as if the Protestants had no Scholars amongst them.

The Papists call us Heretics: This was ever an old and cunning trick of Papists, and their fore▪ fathers, if any did complain of their errors and faults, and desired to have true Religion restored, to condemn such for Heretics, as men newfangled and factious.

They reproachfully nick-name us Lutherans, Zwinglians, Calvinists, whereas we maintain not any private or proper Doctrine of theirs. They called us in England heretofore Lollards, either because they cried Lord, Lord unto their God, as M ^r Fox saith in his Acts and Monuments, or rather from Lolium▪ which signifies Cockle, and such like weeds, whereas indeed they endeavored to extirpate all pernicious weeds: And them in France Huguenots, of which term, see Thuanus his History, Tom. 4. lib. 24. and Pasquiers Recherches de la France. l. 8. c. 55.

I will not rehearse the several opinions about the original of that word, because Heraldus a learned Frenchman saith, Unde Huguenoti appellati fuerint, nec nos ad. huc satis liquido scimus. Animad. ad Arnob. adversus Gentes, l. 1. As the Jews were in times past called by the Gentiles Sabbatarians in contempt; the Christians Galileans by Julian the Apostate, so now they which embrace truth of Doctrine, began to be called Huguenots.

They term us those of the pretended Reformed Religion, whereas it is truly Reformed according to the word of God.

They acknowledge themselves to be Papists, and from the Pope, and glory in the title.

Luther saith, Primum oro ut nomen meum taceatur, & nemo Lutheranus sed Christianus appelletur.

They suffer Turks and Jews which deny and persecute Christ, but put to death those of the Reformed Religion who believe in Christ.

They say, that the Heathens (which had no knowledge of Christ) by their morality may be saved, and yet deny that Protestants, who have a knowledge of Christ, and exceed them in their morality, may be saved.

Marcus Antonius de Dominis Arch-bishop of Split said in the hearing of some of our Bishops, Before God, and Christ Jesus my Redeemer, I will acknowledge from my heart, and profess openly, That the Church of England is a true and orthodoxal Church of Christ. His shiftings in Religion.

The Papists urge two things much against the Reformed Religion:

1. Our divisions and differences amongst ourselves, as Fitz Simon's in his Britannomachia ministrorum, in plerisque Fidei fundamentis, & Articulis dissidentium.

Secondly, The Novelty of our Religion, as if it were no ancienter then Luther.

To the first, I might answer with Zanchi , That this is rather an Argument that we are the true Churches of Christ. For there are (saith he) three kinds of Churches,

1. Where God only reigns without contradiction: This is the Triumphant Church in Heaven.
2. Where Satan only reigns: This is the Church of the wicked and Idolaters, such are the Turkish, Jewish, Popish Churches.
3. Where God truly reigns, but not without the snares and assaults of Satan. This is the true Church of Christ, which is called Militant. This always fights with the flesh, the world, Heretics, and the Devil.

The Confessions of Faith of the Churches professing the Gospel, having been long ago exhibited to the several Princes of the Countries, States and Kingdoms, where these Churches are, are now of late very profitably published, to the conviction of all such as slander the Reformed Churches to be variably distracted and rent in sunder with infinite differences of Faith. Travers answer to a Popish Treatise written to the LL. of the Council.

Amyraut de Secessione ab Ecclesia Romana, pag. 67. saith, The chief controversies inter Evangelicos; may be reduced to four heads,

1. Concerning the Nature of the Sacraments.
2. About the Person of Christ, and the Properies of both Natures in it.
3. How the Doctrine of Predestination is to be explained.
4. What is to be held concerning the Providence of God, especially as it is conversant about the ill actions of the reasonable creature, and shows there also how far yet they agree in all these.

D ^r Hall in his Peace of Rome, shows, That Bellarmine acknowledgeth and numbers up above three hundred differences of opinions maintained in the Popish Church, and that Navarre confesseth near threescore differences amongst their own Doctors in one only point of their Religion.

There are many Sects risen since the Gospel was first published, but none are so guilty of division as the Papists, though they extol their own Church for Unity. They unchurch all the Churches of Christ through the world besides themselves, the Greek Church and divers others. What a State were all former ages in before the Popes Supremacy was acknowledged? The pure and primitive times. The reading of the Scriptures in the vulgar tongue is condemned amongst them as a capital crime in Spain and Italy, but allowed in England and France.

Albertus Pighius dissents from Cajetan, Thomas from Lombard, Scotus from Thomas, Occam from Scotus, Alliacensis from Occam. Their nominals disagree from their reals.

What difference is there between the Franciscans and Dominicans concerning original sin in the blessed Virgin. What difference among the Jesuits and other Papists, concerning Councils being above the Pope. The Jesuits hold, that the Pope is above a Council. Bellarmine confesseth lib. 2. de Council. cap. 17. parag. 1. that Proposition, That the Pope is absolutely above a Council, is not simply de fide, and those are not Heretics properly who hold the contrary.

The Pope in two Councils (those of Constance and Basil ) was declared to be inferior to a Council.

2. For the other Objection, of the Novelty of our Religion, as if it were no ancienter then Luther.

I answer, there are books written to refute this calumny.

The Waldenses for divers hundred years before Luther successively opposed Popery, professed the truth of the Gospel, and sealed it with their blood.

Campian in his third reason calls them Majores nostros. Vide Gerhard. Epist. Ded. ad Confess. Cathol.

Illyricus in his Catalogus Testium veritatis, and Wolfius in his Lectiones Memorabiles, & Reconditae. And Gerhard in his Confessio Catholica sufficiently refute this Objection.

Errors often lie hid under the venerable Cloak of ancient custom, Matth. 5. 21, 27, 31, 33, 38, 43. But on the contrary sound and orthodox Doctrine is undeservedly taxed with the crime of novelty, Mark 1. 27. Act. 17. 19. therefore judgment is to be made of both by Scripture, Act 17. 11.

Secondly, We may retort this Question on them, Where was your Religion before the Council of Trent?

Cardinal Contarenus holding the same with us for substance in point of Justification, and many of those learned and modest men which are reckoned for Papists, groaning under the corruptions of their Church, and desiring a Reformation of many abuses as well as we.

Bishop Jewels challenge of the Papists is commonly known, with which Peter du Moulin also accords.

There is rather a conspiracy amongst the Papists then true union: as on the contrary, the difference amongst us is rather a diversity then a division, in circumstances or things of less moment, and among persons rather then generally.

We are reproached beyond Sea for our unsettlement in matters of Religion, and for the diversity of opinions and sects now in the Land.

Some amongst ourselves also will be ready to object, That there are so many religions and opinions, that they know not which course to take.

1. Such should therefore take the Scripture only for the rule of their faith and life.
2. They should study faithfully to know the plain meaning of the Scripture, they should read it diligently, seek God's direction, come to it not with forestalled conceits, but with love of the truth.
3. They should resolve to obey what they shall find upon such diligent inquiry to be the plain mind of God beyond dispute. They should practice what all Christian Sects agree in, they all confess that God is above the creature, and to be preferred before it, that the pleasures and profits of this world are far short of the glory to come.

CHAP. VII. Of the Syncretisme of Religion, or of a friendly Reconciliation of the different parties amongst themselves.

THey are Christians which profess Christian Religion, therefore those which either know not Christ, as the Pagans, or deny him to be the Savior of the world, as the Mohammedans, or that contemn and blaspheme him, as the Jews, are excluded.

There are several opinions about this matter:

The first is, of those who hold, That whosoever they be who differ about Religion so they be Christians, they may and ought to be reconciled and agree together in an Ecclesiastical Syncretism, so the Socinians, Libertines, Politicians, Machivillians.

The second opinion is of those which denieth that Christians differing in Religion can or ought to be so reconciled. So the Papists, especially the Jesuits, think and teach, requiring a full consent with the Church of Rome, as that which cannot err, and out of which there is no salvation, and cannot, nor will not bear these which differ. Hence it is a common speech amongst them, there is no other way to agreement, then by the receiving and approving of the Council of Trent.

Many of those which profess to follow Luther, are of that opinion also, refusing to join with those which they reproachfully call Calvinists, unless they will receive the Augustine Confession, as it is wont to be explained by them, and the book of Concord.

The third opinion is of them who go the middle way between these extremes, and affirm, That there may be an agreement among those that differ in some Controversies, but not in others, These are the Orthodox Teachers of the Reformed Churches.

A universal conjunction is impossible, the rule of consent about Religion is only the word of God.

The enemies of Christian Religion are twofold, Open or Close:

Those openly oppose the Doctrine of Christ, and persecute his Church, viz. the Heathens, Mohammedans and Jews; these treacherously and under the name of Christ, as Heretics, but especially Arminians, Pelagians, and Papists.

Altingius and others hold an agreement with both these unlawful.

To endeavor to solder different Religions and persons holding to their principles will make up but a medley and patched Religion.

As some in the Apostles time mingled Circumcision with Baptism, and the Sacrifices with the death of Christ. This was the way which the great Emperor Charles the fifth took to reunite the two Religions in Germany, by the Tract called the Interim, which was composed by an Apostate Minister named Islebius. But it was opposed by the faithful Ministers, and although out of fear it was admitted by some Princes and Commonwealths, yet it was soon abolished. Circa idem tempus, monstrosus partus & toti Germaniae pestilens in lucem infelici sidere prodiit, quem Interim seu inter Religionem Augustanam nominarunt, cum edicto Caesaris: quo promulgata est certa quaedam Religions formula, interim servanda; donec universali Concilio coacto, Religions controversiae cognoscantur & tollantur. Melchior Adam. in vita Joan. Wigand. Vide plura ibid. Et in vita Joan. I • lebii & Brentii.

Castam Christi Sponsam decet casta concordia (said Doctor Sibbes in a Clerum ) in Doctrine as well as Worship. Malefida semper fuit Religionum ferruminatio & publicis calamitatibus praevia, said the same Reverend Divine in that Latin Sermon.

The Samaritans (with their patched Religion) retarded Christ's work.

Some distinguish between Consent, and Concord, others make a difference between Consent, Concord and Peace. Consent we call Unity in judgment; Concord, Unity of will and desire, peace, quiet and calm conversation, a life void of janglings, and free from tumults. There may be Consent without Concord; Concord without Consent, and Peace without both. Men may agree in their opinion, and yet differ in their desires; they may differ in opinion and desires, yet live in peace.

That there should be a mutual amity and forbearance amongst those, who differ in matters of Church-Government, or the like, but agree in the Fundamentals is most reasonable.

It is a Question, An Ecclesia Protestantiúm conciliari possit cum Pontificiis? Whether the Church of the Protestants may be reconciled with the Papists?

Roma irreconciliabilis was D ^r Hall 's tenet.

Franciscus de Sancta Clara, Cassander, the Archbishop of Split, and Millitier, and other Conciliators there have been, but all in vain.

Gentilettus in his Preface to his Apologia pro Christianis Gallis Religions Reformatae, saith well, Imprimis hoc verissimum esse statuo, inter Catholicos Romanos & Evangelicos Religions Reformatae, in multi dogmatum Articulis, & quidem praecipuis magnam esse contrarietatem. Nihilominus tamen in hoc omnes convenient, ut agnoscant & profiteantur veritatem personae Jesus Christi in duabus naturis non confusis, nec non sanctam Trinitatem Patris, Filii & Spiritus sancti: amplectanturque omnes sanctam Scripturam Veteris & Novi Testamenti.

Though the Papists and we agree in these things, that we both acknowledge the Unity of the Person of Christ in two Natures not confounded, and the Trinity of the Father, Son and holy Ghost, and all the holy Scripture of the Old and New Testament, yet in many Articles of Religion we much differ, and chiefly in the Doctrine of Justification. Vide Whitak. d • notis Eccles.

Some make the great difference between the Papists and us to be about the corporal presence of Christ in the Sacrament, and the Infallibility of the Pope.

It is a Question, An cura Religions ad Magistratum Civilem pertineat? Whether anything of Religion come under the Magistrates Cognizance, or belong to his care?

That it doth, appears

First, From the Nature of Christianity, it goes through his whole conversation, 1 Pet. 1. 15. and reacheth to all his relations. A Heathen Magistrate or Parent is as truly a Magistrate and Parent, as a Christian Magistrate or Parent. Christianity gives no farther power but a higher Law. The name of Christianity lies in exercising it in all our relations.

Secondly, The Gospel is given for Nations, and is their great privilege that receive it▪ Magistrates ought to take care of all National privileges, Rev. 11. 15.

Thirdly, That which God hath promised to his people as a mercy, Magistrates should labor to be, and fulfill in duty, Isa. 49. 22. Psal. 2. 11.

It is a great Question, An Magistratus plures Religiones in una republica tolerare debeat? Whether it be lawful for a Magistrate to tolerate many Religions in one Commonwealth?

Some give this distinction in the Doctrine of Toleration.

They put a difference inter Tolerationem & approbationem, a Magistrate must discountenance all corrupt Doctrines, and before hand, Dissensum suum publice declarare debet. Religio non potest cogi, Religion cannot be constrained, and yet blasphephemies must be restrained. See Revel. 2. 20. Heretics should sure not be advanced to high places.

Toleration (intolerable Toleration) is the great Diana much cried up in these times.

Some think there is no love among men, unless they allow an universal Toleration of all blasphemies and heresies; We must distinguish between loving of men's persons and their errors, Ephes. 4. 15. 2 John. v. 1, & 3. We should join grace and truth, and charity together.

Some give these Cautions:

First, If they be such Religions as do not overthrow the foundation.

Secondly, Nor such as disturb the Government established in the State or Kingdom.

Thirdly, If the Professors thereof be not factious, ambitious, or pertinacious, but honest, simple, tractable, obedient to their Superiors.

Some say, Take heed of two destroying extremes:

First, That of the Libertines, that all should be tolerated without limitation.

Secondly, Others, who would have liberty for none but themselves, and men of their own opinion.

For the Papists; They are not tolerated in Holland; The Jews are not only tolerated, but have the public exercise of their Religion, and their Synagogues, viz. at Amsterdam.

I shall not need (I hope) to say much against their Toleration, the thing is so grossly evil, and of that dangerous consequence to a Protestant State.

D ^r Downam Bishop of Derry preaching before the Lord Deputy and the State at Christ Church in Dublin in Ireland, Novemb. 26. 1626. produced the judgment of four and twenty Bishops (whereof only now the most reverend Primate of Armagh is living) against it. Whose reasons I shall here insert.

First, It is to make ourselves accessory not only to the Papists Superstitions, Idolatry, Heresies, and in a word, to all their abominations of Popery, but also (which is a consequence of the former) to the perdition of the seduced people, which perish in the deluge of the Catholic Apostasy.

Secondly, To grant them a Toleration in respect of money to be given, or contribution to be made by them, is to set Religion to sale, and withal the souls of the people, whom Christ our Savior hath redeemed with his most precious blood: And as it is a great sin, so it is matter of most dangerous consequence; and beseeching God to make all in Authority zealous of God's glory, and the Advancement of the true Religion, resolute and courageous against all Popery, Superstition and Idolatry, he said, Let all the people say, Amen, which they did with a loud acclamation.

It is a Question propounded by Helvicus , An Iudaei à Magistratu Christiano tolerandi, & quomodo tractandi? Whether the Jews be to be tolerated by the Christian Magistrate, and how they are to be handled?

He saith it is a perplex Question by reason of the different judgments.

He propounds first divers Arguments of those which hold they are altogether to be cast out of a Christian Commonwealth by reason of those horrible blasphemies, which daily both in their ordinary prayers, and in their speeches they belch out against Christ, the Virgin Mary, our faith, and all Christians in general, and for other reasons which he there alledgeth.

Secondly, He urgeth other Arguments, to prove, that the Jews are not to be cast out, but tolerated under the Christian Magistrate, because by that means many of them may be converted by continual converse with the Christians, and the Scripture seems evidently to confirm that, Hosea 3. 4. Zephaniah 3. 7. Luke 21. 24. Romans 11. 25, 26. And because they may be serviceable to them against the Pagans, and for other reasons.

He himself goes the middle way, and lays down his opinion in certain Propositions:

First, It is better for Jews to live amongst Christians, then under Turks or Infidels.

Secondly, The blasphemies of Jews are not to be tolerated, but to be prohibited and most severely punished by Christians.

Thirdly, The Jews are to be esteemed among Christians as the servants of servants, that is so to be handled, that they are exiles and cast off by God himself. They are not to have any public office. They are not to practice that unjust Usury, for which they are so infamous amongst Christians. They are to have also (said he) some outward mark in their garments, by which they may be distinguished from others, and to be forced to hear Sermons. Many other Cautions doth he give in the receiving of them.

As for the Toleration of the Jews, whosoever they be that suffer the exercise of their Religion, with the blasphemies they commonly use against Christ, make themselves guilty of all their wickedness, which the Lord keep this Land from, as well as from the abomination of the Mass. The Pope can tolerate the blasphemy o • the jews, and the filthiness of all the Curtisans and Stews, and take a yearly rent o • them for it, and for no respect will allow the exercise of our most holy Religion, either in his own Dominions, or wheresoever he may prevail against us. Travers Answ▪ to a Popish Treatise written to the Lord's of the Council.

The End of the first Book.

THE SECOND BOOK. OF Learning.

CHAP. I. I. Of the Dignity and Excellency of Learning.

T Here are three kinds of things to be desired, One, That which draws us to itself by its own force, Non emolumento captans aliquo, sed trahens sua dignitate; as Virtue, Knowledge and Truth. 2. Another, which is desired for fruit and profit, as money. A third, which draws us both by its own force and dignity, and by profit, the more to desire it, as friendship, and a good Name.

Learning is the perfection of reason, it was so prized by the Heathens, that they thought a learned man to differ as much from an unlearned, as a man from a beast.

Human Learning delivers the mind from wildenesse and barbarism.

         Scilicet ingenuas didicisse fideliter Arts.
        
         Emollit mores, nec sinit esse feros.
         
          Ovid.
         
         de Pont.
        
         Artibus ingenuis, quarum tibi maxima cura est,
        
         Pectora molleseunt, asperitasque fugit.
         
          Ovid.
         
         ad Gracinum.
        
         Nemo adeo ferus est qui non mitescere possit;
        
         Si modo culturae patientem accommodet aurem.
         
          Horat.

But the accent had need be put upon fideliter (as Sir Francis Bacon well observes) for a superficial knowledge doth rather work a contrary effect. Ego been literatos viros eo benigniores candidioresque semper expertus sim, quo magis & ingenio & eruditione pollerent. Pier. Valer. Hieroglyph. lib. 23. cap. 4. He instanceth there in P • ntanus, Antonius Sabellicus, P • mponius Laetus, and shows how candid and courteous they were to all, and concludes, Iacobi Sadoleti nomen aetate nostra in modestiae abiit appellationem. How much more effectual is divine learning? Esa. 11. 9.

Secondly, It mitigates the fear of death and adversity. If a man's mind be seasoned with the contemplation of mortality, and the corruptible nature of things, he will be ready to concur with Epictetus, who going forth one day, saw a woman weeping for her pitcher of earth; and going forth the next day, he saw another weeping for her son, said, Heri vidi fragilem frangi, hodie vidi mortalem mori.

Thirdly, The pleasure and delight of Knowledge and Learning far surpasseth all other pleasure and delight; Therefore the Egyptians, Chaldeans, Grecians, Romans, have so highly prized human wisdom, that they were willing to undergo any labor or cost for the purchasing of it.

To find wit in Poetry, in Philosophy profoundnesse, in Mathematics acuteness, in History wonder of events, in Oratory sweet eloquence, in Divinity supernatural light and holy devotion, as so many rich medals in their proper mines, whom would it not ravish with delight?

Fourthly, It doth perpetuate and immortalize ones memory.

Excellent to this purpose is that of Seneca, Nomen Attici perire Ciceronis Epistolae non sinunt: Nihil illi profuisset gener Agrippa, & Tiberius progener, & Drusus Caesar pronepos; inter tam magna nomina taceretur, nisi Cicero illum aperuisset. Seneca Epist. 21.

Homers verses continued five and twenty Centuries of years and above, without the loss of a syllable or letter.

Vox audita perit, litera scripta manet.

The use of a good Book reacheth far and lasteth long. Many more are instructed by Books then can be by speech, and every good thing is better by how much it more communicates itself. By Books we have conference with learned men deceased, and by these they instruct us as much as they did those with whom they lived together.

Fifthly, As the ignorance of the people, and the Authority of the Roman Sea increased together, so by the restoring of Arts and Learning, both ignorance, and the Authority of the Pope of Rome decreased. What did Reuchline, Erasmus, Pagnine, Arias Montanus, and others (though in other things Popish) suffer, for no other reason, but because they did labor to propagate the knowledge of the Tongues. So sad was the face of those times, Ut in authoribus latinis Greece nosse suspectum fuerit: Ebraice autem prope haereticum. Espenc. ad 2 Tim. 3.

Who doth not loath the memory of the Goths and Vandals for the barbarism they brought along with them? See Antoine Du V • rdiers Preface to his Bibliotheque. Therefore the names of such are precious who were means of restoring learning and knowledge, as in Italy, Hermolaus Barbarus, Picus Mirandula, Politian, Baptista Mantanus; in Germany, Renchline, Erasmus, Beatus Rhenanus, Ludovicus Vi • es; in France, Budaeus; in England, Linacer; in Spain, Antonius Nebrissensis.

The ancient Greek and Roman Princes were learned, and by it their Noblemen were advanced to great honor.

Alexander the Great acknowledged himself as much beholding to his Master Aristotle, as to his Father Philip, for the one gave him his being, the other his wellbeing.

CHAP. II. II, Of the Usefulness of Learning.

IT is useful for Physicians, Lawyers, but especially for Divines.

Languages, Arts and Sciences are great helps to the attaining of knowledge in Divinity.

1. A competent knowledge of the Languages, at least of the three learned ones, Hebrew, Greek and Latin, is very convenient, if not necessary, for one that would be a complete Divine; Such see with their own eyes.

The knowledge and interpretation of Tongues is a very great gift of God, promised by him in times past, Esa. 19. 18. bestowed by Christ, attributed to the holy Ghost, Acts 2. Paul commends the study of Languages to the Church and all its members, 1 Cor. 14.

He which shall profess to be an absolute learned Divine without the knowledge of three tongues at the least, may think well of himself, but hardly he shall get and retain the credit he seeketh among learned men in this learned age. Doctor Fulk against Martin.

Non exigua fuit▪pars eruditionis in Origen, Epiphanio, Hieronymo, linguae Hebraicae cognitio. Cham. Corp. Theol. l. 2. c. 2.

Jerome, Reuchline, Oecolampadius were famous for their skill in Hebrew, Greek and Latin.

Melchior Adam saith of Casp • r Cruciger, Ad priora exercitia linguae Latinae & Graecae, adjunxit studium linguae Hebraeae, ac omnes ita didicit: ut adeo familiariter ei notae essent, • o si nativa ipsi, non insititiae fuissent.

It hath been the custom in the Reformed Churches, to try the sufficiency of young Ministers by their skill in the original language, Sequimini laudabilem Gallicarum Ecclesiarum consuetudinem, ubi Theology Candidato, in utriusque Testamenti originally textu illud quod Praesidi Codicem aperienti se primo exhibet caput, legendum & interpretandum proponitur. An minor in Anglia, Germania, Dania, Belgio, Helvetia caeterisque Provinciis, linguas illas discendi commoditas? Sixtini Amam Paraen. de excitandis, SS. Linguarum studiis. See Erasmus his Ecclesiastes.

How do the Schoolmen (out of ignorance of the Tongues) err in the exposition of the Old and New Testament, written in Hebrew and Greek, and what barbarisms do they use in the Latin Tongue.

This is the eighth of the eleventh famous nullities which Gentilletus in his Examen chargeth the Council of Trent with, viz. the illiteratenesse of many of their Bishops, and other Presidents of their Council, in whom was the power of deciding Controversies, which the Papists cannot justly object against the members of the famous Synod of Dort.

The ignorance of the Monks is grown to a Proverb, Monacho indoctior. Belluae immanis vox est, quod Licinius Imperator & nominis Christiani persecutor, literas dixit virus & publicam pestem. Bibliand. de ration communi omnium linguarum, cap. 6.

The Grounds of the Greek and Hebrew tongue too are well taught in some Grammar Schools.

Fundamenta linguae Graecae in-trivialibus docentur, quarum novi aliquot fic constitutas, ut quot quot ex iis prodeant, Novum Testamentum Graecum Grammatice possint resolvere, novi Scholas, ubi fundamenta linguae Ebrae • , magno Ecclesiae & juventutis bono jaciuntur. Sixt. Am. Paraen. de excitandis SS. Linguarum studiis.

But saith M ^r Webster in his Academiaerum Examen , It is not yet infallibly concluded which are the true original Copies (especially concerning the Hebrew and the oriental Languages) the Jewish tongue having been often altered and corrupted by their several intermixtures with, and transmigrations into other Nations, or that they have been purely and sincerely preserved unto our hands. For Languages change and alter as fashions and garments; Neither have we anything to assure us in this point, but bare tradition and history, which are various, perplex, dubious, contradictory and deficient.

To this I answer, Who (but the ignorant) deny that the Hebrew Copies are the Original of the Old Testament. Were not the Scriptures of the Old Testament committed to the Jews? And was not the Hebrew the Jewish language? Indeed the Jews by their Captivity in Babylon learned the Chaldee tongue, and so some of the Old Testament, as Ezra and Daniel were written in that language.

Secondly, What if the Jewish tongue hath been often altered and corrupted, and generally languages change and alter like fashions and garments? Is that any reason why we should doubt of the sincerity of the Hebrew Copies? By this reason we must question the works of Demosthenes, Cicero, and generally all others, because the languages wherein they wrote was since altered.

Thirdly, Is there nothing but bare tradition and History to inform us of the originals, when as the originals themselves are extant before our eyes? And we may know them to be sincere, because generally all Copies throughout the world, though written at several times in several places do accord.

He objects further, Pag. 7. Knowledge of Tongues can but teach the Grammatical Construction, signification and interpretation of words, propriety of phrases, deduction of Etymologies, and such like; all which tend to no farther then the instamping of a bare literal understanding, and all this may be, the mystery of the Gospel being unknown, for the letter killeth, but the Spirit giveth life.

To this I answer with Melancthon, If we understand not the signification of the words, how can we know the things signified by them? Whereas he opposeth tongues, and the Spirit, Subordinata non pugnant, If he will so rely on the Spirit, as utterly to exclude tongues, Why doth he make use at least of his mother-tongue for the understanding of the Scriptures? He saith there, He that understands the original tongues, in which the Text was written, conceives no more of the mind of God thereby, than he that only can read or hear read the Translation in the mother-tongue. Yes, because the mind of God is primarily in the Original, and but secondarily in the Translation, in that the Translation is out of the Original, and doth no further contain in it the Word of God, then it doth agree with the Original.

He adds yet further, What difference is there between him that relies upon his Teachers skill, and he that relies upon the skill of a Translator, are they not both alike, since they are but both Testimonia humana, full of errors, mistakes and fallacies?

It is much that he cannot perceive a difference between these two: He that relies upon the skill of a Translator, relies upon it for that particular Translation which he doth make use of: but he that relies upon the skill of his Teacher only, relies upon it for his general knowledge of the language which is taught him besides, no man hath need so wholly to rely on his Teachers skill, having many other means to know whether his Teacher rightly instruct him or no, as some have to rely on the skill of a Translator, p. 7. But he proceeds.

The errors and mistakes that still remain, and are daily discovered in all Translations, do sufficiently witness men's negligence and ignorance, that in the space of sixteen hundred years, have not arrived at so much perfection, as to complete one Translation.

This very reason which he allegeth against the knowledge of Tongues, doth show the necessity of it. For if errors and mistakes do still remain, and are daily discovered in all Translations, Is there not the more need of skill in the Originals, that so we may not be carried away with those errors and mistakes? And how should those errors in Translations be discovered but by skill in the Originals. But suppose that no man's skill in the Originals is so great, as to free him from errors and mistakes in translating, is therefore all his skill to no purpose? By the same reason all M ^r Websters preaching should be in vain, because he is not infallible, but sometimes may mistake the meaning of the Scripture which he citeth.

I suppose it therefore very profitable for a Divine (which I think was Reverend M ^r Wheatly's usual practice) to read daily a Chapter in the Old Testament in Hebrew, and in the New Testament in Greek.

Illud enim volo, Theology studios • & verbi Dei ministro tantum semper debere esse à rebus aliis otii, ut quotidie caput aliquod in utriusque Testam. Originally Textu legat, & quidem cum brevi suc • inctoque Commentario, vel Junii, vel Bezae, vel Piscat. vel Vatabli. Sixt. Amam. Consilium de studio Ebraico feliciter instituendo.

Secondly, The Knowledge of the Arts is also very requisite for a Divine.

Therefore Licinius and Julian envying such a good to the Church of Christ used their endeavors to deprive the Christians of the studies of them, most vain sports being set up in their room.

Christ at first (to show the glory of his greatness) took and employed Fishermen, such as had no bringing up in Schools. But it was not long after, but learned men came in apace. Learned men of all sorts, Zenas in Law, Tit. 3. 13. Luke in Physic, 1 Tim. 4. 11. Apollo with his Eloquence, Act. 18. 24. Dionyse with his Philosophy, Act. 17. 34. Paul with his much learning, Act. 26. 24. which he had at Tharsus, as famous an University for Asia, as Athens was for Greece. See 1 Cor. 14. 18.

Moses was learned in all the wisdom of the Egyptians, Act. 7. 22. which Nation was one of the most ancient Schools of the world. Solomon passed all the children of the East in their own learning, 1 King. 4. 30. Daniel was brought up, and well seen in the cunning of the Chaldeans, Dan. 1. 4.

First, All the treasures of wisdom and knowledge are hid in the Scripture, of natural and moral Philosophy, of the Politicks, of Poetry, of History, of Mathematics, Metaphysics, and many of them in that one Book of Job.

How shall a Minister be able without some skill in Logic to analyze his Text? The whole Scripture abounds with Arguments, the strength of which one cannot perceive but from Logic, and how shall he be able to discover or confute the sophistry and false reasoning of Heretics without it. Cham. Corp. Theol. lib. 2. cap. 18.

Of the use of Logic in Divinity, See M ^r Gataker against Saltmarsh, Shadows without Substance, p. 20.

He may draw likewise excellent sentences, famous examples, profitable precepts from History and Philosophy.

The Scripture is full of Metaphors and figurative speeches which have profit as well as ornament. A great part of the whole 6 ^th of John is framed of such speeches, how shall one understand the meaning of such places without some skill in Rhetoric?

Secondly, The knowledge of the Arts is requisite for a Divine to refute errors.

The Socinians begin in Philosophical principles, and the Papists begin in Logic about accidents, when they would establish their Transubstantiation.

Zanch. de Tribus Elohim parte altera, cap. 1. reckons up this as one cause of heresy, viz. the ignorance of true and solid Philosophy and Logic, and the Liberal Arts.

How many Chronological difficulties are there in the Scripture, which will not be resolved without some skill in Chronology. Compare 1 King. 6. 1. with Acts 13. 20. 2 Kings 24. 10. with 2 Chron. 36. 9. 2 Chron. 22. 2. with 21. 20.

Some say the holy Ghost did obscure some things in Chronology to sharpen men's wits.

Object. Colos. 2. 8. Beware least any man spoil you through Philosophy and vain deceit, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , i. e. through the vain deceit of Philosophy, for either it did promise eternal life, or did not show the true and certain way which led thither. So Grotius.

Some think he bids them beware of Plato's Philosophy, not of Philosophy in general, Neque Apostolus ad Colossenses veram & naturalem Philosophiam, sed inanem duntaxat & deceptricem damnavit. Zanch▪ ad Arianum Response.

The learning of the Magi (who were skilled in the Stars and Bodies Celestial) hindered them not in their coming to Christ. The gold and spoils of Egypt, did the Tabernacle no hurt, which was hung all over with them.

Human Learning may be lawfully used in a divine exercise, four conditions being observed.

The first concerns the end, the confirmation of faith, not vain glory.

Secondly, If the profaneness or Ethnicisme in them be castrated, as Deut. 21.

Thirdly, That we always 〈…〉 use human learning as we give the Scripture the upper-hand.

Fourthly, That these ••• ations of human Writers, be used not as meat, but as sauce, sparingly. D ^r Chalon Serm • on Tit. 1. 13. Philosophandum est sed paucis.

Human knowledge or learning is abused:

First, When we rest in it, lean not to thine own understanding, when we think to look into divine mysteries with the spectacles of nature.

Secondly, When we boast of it as our chiefest excellency, Ier. 9. 23. Religion is the highest excellency, the truest wisdom is that whereby we know and enjoy the chiefest good.

Thirdly, When we oppose learning to the wisdom of Scripture, and confine God to the Laws of nature, 1 Cor. 1. 23.

Fourthly, The naked Theory of divine knowledge, idle and unactive knowledge, all knowledge is for practice, Prov. 14. 8. Psal. 111. 10. Deut. 4. 6. Prov. 8. 30.

Some times are more favorable to learning then others.

About the time of our Savior's coming, curious Arts, and other civil Disciplines did most flourish. The Grecians sought after wisdom, and secular Philosophy, the Romans after Policy, State-knowledge and Discipline of •• rs. All the world almost (above others, those parts wherein Christianity was first placed) was then set upon curious Arts, yet the study and search of Scriptures in a short time devoured all, and brought them to acknowledge allegiance unto it. D ^r Iacks. Comment on the Creed Vol. 1. l 1. c. 3.

Wolfius in his Lectiones Memorabiles mentions the learned men of every Century.

Superstition and ignorance both together at the latter end of the ninth Century, as a thick mist dangerously invaded and possessed the Church, when the forging of Legends and Relicks, and such like trumpery was as common and highly esteemed as the Scripture, and preaching was discountenanced, and utterly out of use.

Some places also are more propitious to learning then others.

Athens in Greece, of which see afterwards.

Corduba in Spain is celebrated also this way. It was the Country of Avicenna, and Averroes and Razis, and of Seneca Nero's Master, and Lucan the Poet.

         Duosque
         
          Senecas,
         
         unicumque
         
          Lucanum
         
         Faecunda loquitur Cord
         
          •
         
         ba—
         
          Martial.
         
         Barbara quinque viris gratatur I
         
          ••
         
         ria, Marco,
        
         Lucano, Fabieque & geminis Senecis,
        
         Qui nugis, versuque, togâ, sophià, atque Cothurn
         
          •
         
         Clarent: quid majus Roma superba dedit?
         
          Steph.
         
         Pasch. Icon.

Many of the Fathers were Africans.

         Una etiam Optatos, Cyprianos, Tertullianos,
        
         Atque Augustinos Africa terra tulit.
        
         Edidit haec sancto miracula quatuor orbi.
        
         Nempe aliquid semper gens alit illa novi.
         
          Steph.
         
         Pasch. Icon.

Devonshire in England.

Carpenter in the second part of his Geog. cap. 15. reckons up these famous men of the West for Arts and Learning, Jewel, Reynolds, Hooker, Sir Walter Rawleigh, Sir Francis Drake, Sir Richard Greenvill, Sir Thomus Bodley, D ^r Holland, Hackwell, Prideaux, Justice Doddridge, William Noy.

Essex hath been fruitful of good Divines, the younger Hooker, Dent, Fen •• r, the two Dikes, many Rogers.

Naples in Italy.

Virgil the Prince of Poets lived in Naples, Livy, Horace, Claudian, Francis Petrarch, who was very intimate with Robert King of Naples, Antonius Beccadellus surnamed Pan • rmit • ne, an excellent Orator, Laurentius Valla, the Refiner of the Latin Tongue, Porcellus a most elegant Poet, Blondus a studious searcher of all Antiquity, Bartholomaus Facius, Nicolaus Saguntinus, all most excellent men.

Many Divines and Philosophers, among which were Ferrandus Valentinus, Michael Epilamius, Johannes Solerius, Johannes Cardona, Henricus Panormitanus, Petrus Rassanus, Hieronimus Monopolius, and Jacobus Mantuanus.

CHAP. III. Of the Liberal Arts and Sciences.

AN Art is a Collection of universal precepts prepared to know, act or work in some certain latitude of end.

Naturam • mulatur ars, sed non plane assequitur, saith Bibliand • r, as we may see in painting and many other works.

All Arts are distinguished by the end not the matter.

Seneca distinguisheth Arts into three kinds, some which instruct the life, others which adorn it, others which rule it. The mechanical Arts instruct the life. Liberal Arts are properly those which become free and ingenuous men, which require understanding, not the operation of the hands.

They are called Liberal Arts, because they are worthy of a Freeman, and ingenuous, as if only ingenuous persons should learn and exercise them.

It is a received opinion, That there are seven Liberal Arts, three concerning speech, Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric, four concerning Quantity, Geometry, Arithmetic, Music, Astronomy, which the Grecians call Mathematics.

Gram: loquitur, Dia: vera docet, Rhe: verba colorat

Mus▪ cannot, Ar • numerat, Geo: ponderat, Ast: docet astra.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , dicitur, quasi 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , that is, the circle of the Arts, which was wont to be accounted by the number of the seven Liberal Arts.

Ric: Vitus Basingstock in his fifth Oration De studiorum finibus, saith, All Arts and Sciences are but ten, the seven Liberal Arts before mentioned, and three more, Ethics, Physic, Metaphysics, into which all Philosophy is divided.

Sir Francis Bacon saith, That is the truest Partition of human Learning, which hath reference to the three faculties of man's soul, which is the seat of Learning. History is referred to Memory, Poesie to the Imagination, Philosophy to Reason. Theology also or divine Learning (saith he) consists either of sacred History, of Parables, which are a kind of divine Poesie; or of Precepts and Doctrines, as an eternal Philosophy.

There are three Organical Arts, and Arts concerning speech. Grammar, which shows what should be spoken, and with what Reason; Rhetoric which is for Ornament; and Logic which is for Argument and proof.

Some call these three general Arts, because they have their use in all things and Arts.

I. Grammar. It hath its name from letters.

This is as it were an usher to other Sciences, a place not very honorable, yet necessary, it is an Antidote against that malediction of the confusion of Tongues▪ Polyd. Verg. It is an Art of speaking well.

Others add, and of writing, but in vain, when writing happens to speaking. Its end is to speak well▪ the means conducing to this end are the rules of classical writers founded on use.

That which is commonly called Orthographia, is better called Orthocepia, because speaking was before writing, which happens to speech.

The beginning of this Art and Rhetoric (saith Suetonius l. de grammat. ) was thus, by the observation of those things which were either fit or unfit in speaking, men noting those things either to imitate or shun them, made this Art. Austin saith, That there were Grammarians among the people of Israel in the time of Moses.

That would be a most excellent kind of Grammar, if some man skillful in many Languages, as well learned, as mother-tongues, should write a Treatise of the divers Proprieties of Languages; showing in what points every particular Language doth excel, and in what points it was deficient.

Despauterius was a famous Latin Grammarian, Clenard a Greek one, John Isaac an Hebrew one. Our Linacer also was a special Grammarian, and his books de Emendata Structura have much conduced to expel barbarism.

Gerardus Vossius hath put out a most learned and elaborate book De Art Grammatica, and another De vitiis Sermons.

Trivial and Grammar Schools are to be respected and encouraged, because they are the Nurseries of Learning, there the foundation being well laid, young plants thence removed to the public Universities, well furnished with that kind of Learning, may prove eminent instruments in Church or State.

Grammar challengeth the first place to itself, and boys are to learn both the Greek and Latin Grammar. Non modo quod his duabus linguis omnia ferme sunt prodita quae digna cognitu videantur, verùm etiam quod utraque alteri sic assinis est, ut ambae citius percipi queant conjunctim, quam altera sine altera, certe quam Latina sine Graeca. Erasm. De Ration Studiis.

For the pure Greek writers, Erasmus commends chiefly Lucian, Demosthenes, Herodotus; and of the Poets, Aristophanes, Homer, Euripides. For the Latin (saith he) Quis utilior loquendi autor quàm Terentius, purus, tersus, & quotidiano sermoni proximus, tum ipso quo{que} argumenti genere jucundus adolescentiae. Huic si quis aliquot selectas Plauti Comaedias putet, addendas, quae vacent obscaenitate; equidem nihil repugno. Proximus locus erit Virgilio, tertius Horatio, quartus Ciceroni, quinius C. Caesari. Salustium si quis adjungendum arbitrabitur, cum hoc non magnopere contenderim, at{que} has quid • m ad utriusque linguae cognitionem satis esse duco. Erasm. De ration studii.

II. Logic. It is the most universal of all Arts.

It is useful for all Sciences. It is ingeniorum lima & cos.

The proper formal object of it is Reason, its adequate end to dispute well▪

The duties of a Logician, are either general, as that which is comprehended in the definition of Logic, to reason well; or special, as those which be contained in the distribution of Logic, to invent well, and to judge well.

Logice dirigit intellectum in cognition veri: praecipuaque ejus instrumenta sunt argumentatio, definitio, divisio, methodus. Gerard▪ Joan. Vos. De Studiorum ration parte priore.

Zeno the Stoic said, Rhetoric was like the palm, or the hand stretched out, Logic to the fist, he might have said more fitly (saith Ludovicus Vives ) that the Logician collects an Argument for the subtle examination of the learned, but the Rhetorician applies it to the popular sense, for the Orator often more briefly collects then the Logician.

III. Rhetoric is a speech dressed with certain allurements proper to please and persuade.

Tully saith, The absolute praise of an Orator is three-fold, Docere, Delectare, Movere; Docere debitum est, Delectare honorarium, permovere necessarium.

The great virtue of an Oration is perspicuity, Omnis oratio tres habet virtutes, ut emendata, ut dilucida , ut ornata sit. Quintil. Instit. orat. l. 1. c. 5.

Nazianzen in one of his Orations saith, He affected Rhetoric so much, because he had something of value to esteem as nothing for Christ.

Nemo te, nisi tu, exprimere recte valet.

None is able to set forth eloquence but itself. This hath immortalized Plato, Demosthenes, Cicero, Homer, Virgil, Herodotus, Thucydides, Livy, Salust.

Cùm Ciceronem dico, ipsam Romanam eloquentiam intelligere debetis. Cùm vero libros de oratore, opus in ea facultate putatote, quo opere nullum nec Greece, nec Italia melius aut perfectius unquam habuit. Cael. Sec. Cur. Orat. de ingenuis artibus▪ Vide ejus orat. De Rhetoricae usu.

Quintilian makes it a chief end and fruit of long pains and exercises in the Art of Rhetoric, to attain to such a faculty, as to be able also upon any sudden occasion to speak pertinently without any premeditation.

What an enchanting force hath Rhetoric? One had need of the force of Demosthenes, or rather, that divine eloquence of Tully, to set forth the due praises of eloquence.

Pierius Valerianus observes in the 26 Book of his Hieroglyphics, that sweet eloquence is signified by the Hieroglyphic of the Be. Bees settled on Plato's lips when he was a child sleeping in the Cradle, a presage of his future eloquence. The same is reported of Ambrose and Pindar.

The same Pierius in the 41 Chapter of his 20 Book of Hieroglyphics saith, Wise men did put Sirens for the Hieroglyphic of Eloquence, and the persuading force of Rhetoric, whence that saying of Cato the Grammarian, Cato Grammaticus, Latina Syren.

CHAP. IV. Of the Mathematics.

THe Mathematics are so named, because they are not learned without a teacher.

When Alexander bad his Mathematick master make his lessons easier to him then in his ordinary way to others, he answered him well, The Mathematics were alike difficult to all.

The ancient Philosophers taught their Pupils Mathematics very soon, as appears by Aristotle and others, they confirming their Propositions by mathematical demonstrations, the knowledge whereof must be presupposed. See Tych. Brah. Orat. De Discip. Mat.

The Mathematics are a most accurate and profitable study for the evidence and certainty of their demonstrations.

Abraham was famous for teaching the Mathematics first among the Chaldeans, and after he taught the same A 〈…〉 as Historians write.

The old Mathematicians drew their proportions in dust with a Compass, the better to show what they would. Tully calls it learned dust.

Et secto in pulvere metas.

Archimedes was doing this when Siracuse was taken.

Princes and great persons have studied the Mathematics, and those that study them to purpose, had need to have some Princes or great persons to encourage them therein by their bounty, in respect of the chargeableness of their instruments, as Tycho Brahe somewhere saith.

Mathematics are either Pure or Mixt:

To pure Mathematics those Sciences are referred, which handle Quantity altogether abstracted from matter; and Physical axioms, they are two, Geometry and Arithmetique, the one handling continued Quantity, the other dissevered Quantity, or number.

To mixed Mathematics Astronomy and Music are usually referred, and the Opticks.

I. Arithmetique is an Art of numbering well.

Pythagoras first brought it into an Art, thence the Pythagoreans did swear per numerum quaternarium, quo nihil apud eos videtur esse perfectius. For there are four Elements, Fire, Air, Water, Earth; four times of the year, Spring, Autumn, Summer, Winter; four qualities of all things▪ Heat, Cold, Moisture, Drinesse, four Coasts of the Heaven▪ East, West, North, South.

It is the first of the Mathematics, and useful to all the rest.

One should get some skill in the vulgar▪ Arithmetique before he learn Geometry, and that either by a teacher, or by plain books, such as the Arithmetique of Gemma Frìfius, or Ramus with Snellius his Notes.

The principle of number is unity, as of magnitude punctum.

By this the Pythagoreans in times past covered the mysteries of all nature, and even of God himself, as if all things were agreeable to numbers.

The Phoenicians write as all the Eastern Nations, from the right hand to the left: the reason why the outermost figure to the right hand in Arithmetique stands in the first place, they also being the inventers of that Science. George Sandys upon the 3 ^d Book of Ovid's Metam.

Some learned men speak much of the Algebra, as a famous invention in Arithmetique.

II. Geometry is an Art of measuring well.

The measures of things are taken from the parts of man, his finger, palm, foot, cubit.

A barley corn is the least measure; the finger is the breadth of four barley corns; the palm, four fingers; the foot four palms. A cubit from the elbow to the end of the longest finger is a foot and an half.

From those measures ariseth the measure of a journey, a pace, a furlong; a mile, a geometrical pace is five foot, a furlong 125 paces, a mile a thousand paces, eight furlongs.

         Quatuor ex granis digitus componitur unus,
        
         Est quater in palmo digitus, quater in pede palmus,
        
         Quinque pedes passum faciunt, passus quoque centum
        
         Viginti quinque stadium da
         
          •
         
         t, sed miliare
        
         Octo dabunt stadia, duplatum dat tibi Leuca.

The Romans used a foot for their measure, as the Jews did a cubit.

Plato wrote in the door of his study, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Let no man ignorant of Geometry enter in here.

Sir Henry Savill in his ninth Lecture upon Euclyde, saith, Ars est omnium sine controversia certissima, it is without controversy the most certain Art of all.

Tyc. Brahe in his Oration, De Disciplinis Mathematicis, shows, That divers Arts flow from Geometry, Astronomy, Opticks; that of dialing, Geography, Architecture, and the Mechanics,

All with one consent ascribe the invention of Geometry to the Egyptians. For when the limits of their possessions were confounded by reason of the annual overflowing of Nile, to restore these, the reason and way of measuring fields was invented, and so Geometry may seem to have drawn its first original from the Husbandmens measuring their grounds. Thales first brought Geometry out of Egypt into Greece; Pythagoras amplified it. To whom many succeeded; Euclid hath brought the Art to that perfection, that he hath cut off hope from all his posterity of enlarging it.

The great difficulty among Geometricians is about the quadrature of a circle, which some say, is not faisible.

III. Music. This is either Vocal or Instrumental; Some prefer the Vocall.

Mercer on the 4 ^th of Genesis ver. 21. saith, Iubal was the inventer of Instrumental Music.

Pythagoras Musicae theoricam ex Fabri malleis adinvenit. Blancani Chronologia Clarorum Mathemat. Pythagoras invented the Art of Music from the Smiths hammers.

One seeing another playing excellently upon the Lute, said, He thought his soul was in his fingers.

Leur esprit • s' ensuit au bout des doigts, saith Du Bartas. 1. Sept.

Pythagoras, Aristoxenus, Nicomachus, Philolaus, Alypius, Ptolomaus handled Music professedly, Boetius, Martianus Capella, and venerable Bede, and Mersennus have written also of Music.

IV. Astronomy.

The word signifies a Doctrine of the Laws or Rules of the measure and motion of the Stars.

The Subject of this Science is the Heavens with the Stars. Diodorus, Pliny and others say, that Atlas was therefore thought to sustain heaven with his shoulders, because he made a Sphere in which the whole heaven was represented.

It exceeds not only Arithmetique and Geometry, but all other Arts in this kind. Nam & antiquitate & nobilitate ac cognitionis sublimita • e prae reliquis omnibus maximam sibi vendicat laudem. Tych. Brah▪ Orat. De Discip. Mathem.

Peter Ramus in proaem. Mathem. complained, because we have not now Astronomy free from Hypotheses, and therefore easy, as the Egyptians and Babylonians had. But saith Gassendi (Praefat. In Tychonis Brahaei vitam ) though some Hypotheses be more simple, and so more easy then others, yet Astronomy cannot consist without some.

Quod autem celeberrimus ill nostri aevi Philosophus Petrus Ramus existimarit, sine Hypothesibus per Logicas rations Astronomiam constitui posse, caret fundamento, &c. Tycho Brahe Epist. Astronom. lib. 1. Christoph. Rothman. Vide plura ibid.

Thales Milesius was the first who studied the Stars, Gassendi (in the Preface before-quoted, and their lives) mentions Eudoxus, Hipparchus, Theon, Pappus, Alphraganus, Alphonsus King of Castile, Tycho Brahe, Copernicus, Peurbachius, and Regio-Montanus for famous Astronomers, Blanchinus, and Ptolemy, to which Gassendi himself (the Professor of Astronomy now at Paris ) may deservedly be added.

V. Opticks. This is a Greek word. It is called Perspective in Latin, a barbarous but significant word, Optica est ars been videndi. The Opticks is an Art of seeing well.

Light and color are visible by themselves, so it is said; Light indeed is, but colors will not be visible in the dark.

We should examine and weigh the writings of the chief Astronomers by this Lesbian Rule.

Luceus was the first Inventer of the metal-Mines, and hence arose the common fable, that he also saw those things which were under the earth.

Pisanus was the Author of the common Perspective.

Alhazeus and Vitellio, and Pena on Euclid, and Peckam Archbishop of Canterbury have done best on the Opticks.

Galen skillful in the Opticks as well as Physicks, gives this demonstration, why one and the same appears one to two eyes, Eadem est basis pyramidum sub radiis ab oculo missis comprehensarum.

There are perfect demonstrations in the Opticks; as why a hollow glass burns, because the Sun-beams reflected are there gathered together; why a staff appears broken in the water, because it is seen by lines refracted, through a double medium of air and water.

CHAP. V. Of the Civil and Canon-Law.

THere are three main things in the Civil-Law, The Pandects, the Code, and the Novellae Constitutiones.

1. The Pandects or Digests, containing Responsa prudentum, or the sayings of Lawyers, to which the Decree of Gratian in the Canon-Law composed out of the sentenc • s of the Councils and Fathers answers.
2. Codex, the Code, consisting only of the Decrees of the Emperors, to which the five Books of the Decretals answer in the Canon-Law, consisting of the Constitutions only of the Pope of Rome. Male actum est cum rebus humanis, cum ad Decreta accesserunt all • .
3. Novellae Constitutiones, viz. Imperatoria, put out after the Code, to which in the Canon-Law the sixth of the Decretals, the Clementines and Extravagants answer. See D. Duck of the Authority of the Civil-Law, l. 1. c. 4.

First, One should diligently read the elements of the Civil-Law, comprehended in the four Books of Iustinians Institutions, Calvin's Lexicon of the Law should be perused. Then we may go on to the Pandects and Code, on which there are many Commentaries. Cuiacius is an excellent Author.

It is called the Canon-Law by reason of the matter, because it contains Ecclesiastical Constitutions which they call Rules or Canons; and by reason of the end, because it was collected and confirmed to that end, that it may prescribe a Rule of Ecclesiastical Government.

The Canon-Law contains

The Decree of Gratian for the most part collected out of the sentences of Fathers, and Decrees of Councils.

The Decretals of Gregory the ninth.

The sixth of the Decretals of Boniface the eighth.

The Clementines and Extravagants collected out of the Epistles and replies of the Popes.

Corpus Canonum à Gratiano Monacho consarcinatum ab Eugenio 111. Pontifice Rom. comprobatum & authoritate firmatum fuisse constat: qui ut in Academiis doceretur propeque Tribunali in Iudiciis reciperetur (ut & postea factitatum est) praecepit. Gentil. Apol. c. 1.

Lancelots Institutions are commended for the Canon-Law, as Minsinger on Iustinians Institutions for the Civil-Law.

In the Body of the Canon-Law the Canons are sometimes diametrically opposite one to the other.

Archidaconus, Panormitan, Innocentius, Rebuffus, were famous Canonists.

Of Philosophy.

It is either Natural or Moral, called Ethics. Natural Philosophy De mundo, aut de iis quae sunt in mundo, quaerit. Pier Valer. Hierog. l. 38. c. 10.

Tully calls Philosophy in his Offices, Studium sapientiae; in his Tusculanes, virtutis indagatricem, expultricemque vitiorum.

How many several sorts of Philosophers are mentioned? who were severed by their distinct Schools, of Academics, Peripatetiques, Stoics, Epicures, Pythagoreans, too numerous to be rehearsed. Of all which, see Desiderii Iacotii De Philosophorum doctrina libellum ex Cicerone.

Aristotle was the Prince of the Peripatetics, Zeno the chief of the Stoics, Epicurus of the Epicureans, and Pythagoras of the Pythagoreans. Philosophiam optime docebit Plato & Aristoteles, atque hujus Discipulus Theophrastus, tum utrinque mixtus Plotinus. Erasm. De Ration Studii.

As the Grecians for the title of wise men, called themselves lovers of wisdom, that is, Philosophos, so also the Doctors of the Jews often were not called wise men, but Scholars of wise men, that is, studious of wisdom.

Ubi desinit Philosophus ibi incipit Medicus, ubi desinit Medicus ibi incipit Theologus.

Ethics or Moral Philosophy.

It is so called because it is conversant about the manners of men.

The adequate object of it are human actions, not considered any way, but as honesty hath place in them, and as they are capable of virtue.

D ^r Ames hath a Theological Disputation against it, and shows, that all Aristotle's practical virtues are to be found in the Scripture.

Physic. The subject of it is man's body, the end health.

It is lawful, it was before the promulgation of the Law, Gen. 50. 2.

The Poets brought in Apollo, as the chief god of Medicine, to whom they have assigned Aesculapius for his son. Christ was a Physician both of soul and body.

Omnibus est aliis Medicus praestantior unus.

Is Homers verse.

Physical Institutions are a 〈…〉 llificium compounded out of the choicest flowers.

A long series of times ha 〈…〉 brought forth many famous Grecians, Physicians, some Latins, and some Arabians.

Among the Grecians, Hippocrates and Galen excelled.

Dioscordes also was a good Physician.

Amongst the Latin Physicians Cornelius Celsus was the first.

Of late Fernelius and Sennertus.

Amongst the Arabians, Avicenna , Rhazes, Averrhoes, Avenzoar, Mesue, Serapio, and Alsaharavius were chief. In Plants there is much difficulty. Vide Voss. De vitiis Sermons l. 1. c. 28. Rondeletius, Matthiolus, Bellonius, Camerarius, Bauhinus, Spigelius, have done well about Herbs.

Alexandria of old, and Padua of late, is famous for the Profession of Physic.

Metaphysics.

It is the highest part of all Philosophy from the subject of it, because it treats De causa altissima.

D ^r Ames hath a Theological Disputation against Metaphysics, and saith, it is but an imaginary science.

M ^r Baxter in his Reply to M ^r Kendall, saith he hath above thirty Tracts of Metaphysics by him, and seems to value Suarez, Schibler and Burgersdici • s before all the rest.

History.

Historia est testis temporum, nuncia vetustatis, lux veritatis, vita memory, Magistra vitae, Cic. 2 ^do de Oratore.

Historia est rerum, publice gestarum, diffusa & continuata narratio. Muretus.

The end of it is double, profit and pleasure.

Omne tulit punctum qui miscuit utile dulci.

Ferdinand King of Sicily, and Alphonsus King of Spain, recovered their health by reading of History, the first by reading Livy, the second by reading Q. Curtius.

Some have observed, that the being versed in Books of History makes men wiser then in those of Policy, for that those furnish us with instances as well as rules, and as it were personate the rule, and draw it out more into the full lineaments. M ^r Herles Moral prudence ch. 19.

History is either 1. Ecclesiastical, which handleth Church matters, and is for its Antiquity and Dignity to have the precedence. Vide Sixt. Senens. in Praefat. ad Lectorem in Bibliotheca Sancta.

Or 2. Political, which handleth civil matters, in Kingdoms, States or Commonweals.

Just or perfect History is of three kinds, according to the nature of the object which it propounds to represent; for it either represents a portion of time, or some memorable Person, or some famous Act. The first we call Chronicles or Annals; the second Lives; the third Relations. Of these Chronicles seem to excel, for celebrity and name: Lives for profit and examples: Relations for sincerity and verity. S ^r Francis Bac. Advancem. of Learn. l. 2. c. 7.

The History of Times is either universal or particular: This comprehends the affairs of some Kingdom, or State, or Nation: That the affairs of the world.

Amongst Histories Itineraries have the preeminence, when one shall faithfully relate the most memorable things he hath observed by travelling into many and strange Countries: And amongst Itineraries, that of R. Benjamin a Jew hath been very much esteemed by many, (saith Constantine L'Empereur ) because he did not only travel over Europe and Africa, but professeth that he entered into the most inward and extreme regions of Asia, where he witnesseth that he saw rare things and yet unknown to our world: and therefore his little book abundantly affords examples of very many things, so that it cannot but be read with delight.

The first Law given to an Historian (saith Tully de Oratore ) is Nequid falsi dicere audeat: deinde nequid veri non audeat; ne qua suspicio gratiae sit in scribendo, ne qua simultatis.

The composing of a History consists in things and words: for things he must have respect to the order of time and the description of places, the manners, lives, counsels, sayings, deeds and events of men; for words, the kind of speech must not be large, yet adorned with a pure and famous brevity.

T. Livius in the opinion of all Learned men is the Prince of Latin History, there are only two books of Salusts. Caesar's Commentaries contain famous things but done in a few years. Trogus Pompeius who composed the Greek Histories and those of the whole world in Latin, and in forty four Volumes hath written the affairs of all ages, Kings, Nations and people, is wholly lost, but that we have in Justin a short little body as it were of the flowers of it. Suetonius, Tacitus, Q. Curtius, are good Historians, and many later then them, Orosius, Paulus Diaconus, Eutropius, and others of later time, yet Blondus, Antoninus, Sabellicus, Cellenutius, Machiavell, Aretinus, Platina, Carius, Simoneta, Capreolus, Merula, and those yet later, Paulus Iovius, Sleiden, Guicchardine, the last being the best Historian.

The best Greek Historians (although some of them be imperfect) are Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Polybius, Dionysius Halicarnasseus, Dion, Eusebius, and others.

Chronology and Topography are the two eyes of History.

In Chronology.

The Epochae are to be observed.

The Epochae are twofold.

1. Ecclesiastical, which are noted in the Scriptures and Ecclesiastical Histories; of which eleven as more famous are mentioned, from the beginning of the world, the Flood, the building of the Tower of Babel, Abraham's peregrination, the departure of the Israelites out of Egypt, the year of Sabbath, the year of Jubilee, Solomon's Temple, the Babylonish Captivity, Daniel's Seventies, the birth of Christ. The Christian Aera, that is, the way of numbering times from Christ being born, although it be most laudable, yet began lately, and hath not been long used in designing public or private affairs. Helvic. in System. Chron.
2. Political, which are observed in profane Histories, and are used in civil affairs.

Of these some most famous are,

1. Of the Olympiads: which is of the Grecians. Olympias est spacium quinque annorum à Latinis Lustrum dictum, in the beginning of the fifth year the Olympian games were wont to be celebrated, with great concourse of all Greece, so called from Olympia a City in Thessaly, in which those sports were exercised.

This is the noblest computation of time among the Heathens.
2. Epocha urbis conditae, id est, Romae.
3. Est C. Iulii Caesaris, from whence the Roman Emperors are numbered.

Aera, pro quo & Era, dicitur pro Epocha, sive supputationis initio. In Gothicarum, ac Hispanicarum rerum scriptoribus, plurimisque conciliis, est crebrum, atque ab eo tempore inchoat, quo Hispani, jussu Augusti recepere formam anni Iuliani; quod factum XXXVIII. annis ante natum Iesum Christum ex vulgari aera Christi. Vossius de vitiis Sermons, l. 3. c. 1.

2. Topography, the description of some certain place.

Of Poetry.

It is referred to the imagination, and is a kind of Learning in words restrained; in matter loose.

It is an art of deceit, which measureth expressions, not by the truth of the subject, but by the strength of imagination working upon it.

It principally serves for venting extraordinary affections.

Poetry is the quintessence or rather the luxury of Learning.

The Original of this Art is very ancient, and (as Euseb. l. 2. de praeparat. Evang. ) first flourished with the most ancient Hebrews, who were long before the Poets of the Grecians. Moses made an exhameter Verse, wherein he gave thanks to God for their deliverance at the red Sea. David composed many Hymns. Quid Deutoronomii & Esaiae cantico palchrius? Quid Solomone gravius? Quid perfectius Job? quae omnia hexametris & pentametris versibus apud suos composita decurrunt, Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum. l. 1. c. 8. Orphe • s (saith Porphyrius ) first illustrated this Art, then Homer and Hesiod.

It is taken in a double sense, as it respects words, and so it is a kind of character of speech; for verse is a kind of style and form of elocution, and pertains not to matter; for a true narration may be composed in verse; and a feigned in Prose.

Or as it respects matter, so it is imitation of History at pleasure.

It is either Narrative, or Representative, or Allusive.

Narrative is a mere imitation of History, but that often it extols matters above belief.

Dramaticall or Representative, is, as it were, a visible History, it sets out the Image of things, as if they were present: History, as if they were past.

Parabolicall or Allusive is History with the Type, which brings down the Images of the understanding to the objects of sense.

Because neither our senses are moved with extraordinary effects of God's power, nor our minds bent to observe the ways of his wisdom, so as we might be stricken with true admiration of them, we have fewer good sacred Poems, then of any other kind. But as the Ancients chief learning did consist of Poetry, so the excellency of their Poetry was chiefly seen in the proper and native subject of this faculty, that is, in matters of sacred use or observation. Whence the title of Vates did descend to secular or profane Poets, which retained the number and manner of speech used by the former. The Book of Psalms, Job, and the Songs of Moses, are the only pattern of true Poesie. D ^r Jackson's Comment upon the Apost. Creed, Vol. 1. c. 14.

The Greek and Latin Poesie was by verse numerous and metricall, running upon pleasant feet, sometimes swift, sometime slow, (their words very aptly serving for that purpose) but without any rime or tunable concord in the end of their verses, as we and all other Nations now use. But the Hebrews and Chaldees, who were more ancient then the Greeks, did not only use a metricall Poesie, but also with the same a manner of rime, as hath been of late observed by Learned men. Our manner of vulgar Poesie is more ancient then the artificial of the Greeks and Latins, ours coming by instinct of nature, which was before Art and observation, and used by the wild and savage people, who were before all Science or Civility▪

In the time of Charlemaine and many years after him the Latin Poets wrote in rime.

The School of Salerne dedicated their book of Medicinal rules unto our King of England, beginning thus,

         Anglorum Regi scribit schola tota Salerni
        
         Si vis incolumem, si vis te reddere sanum
        
         Curas telle graves, irasci creed prophanum
        
         Nec retine ventrem, nec string as fortiter anum.

All the rest go on in the same way, well to the purpose of their Art.

One wrote these verses against the whole rabble of Monks,

O Monachi vestri stomachi sunt amphora Bacchi,

Vos estis Deus est testis turpissima pestis.

Hugobald the Monk made a large Poem to the honor of Carolus Calvus, every word beginning with C, which was the first letter of the Kings name thus,

Carmina Clarisonae Caluis Cantate Camenae.

There were

1. Heroic Poets, such as wrote long Histories of the noble acts of Kings and great Princes, and the great matters of peace and war, whereof Homer was chief and most ancient among the Greeks, Virgil among the Latins.
2. Lyrique Poets; quod eorum fere carmina ad sonum Citharae recitarentur. They delighted to write songs of pleasure, of which sort was Pindar. Anacreon and Callimachus, with others among the Greeks: Horace and Catullus among the Latins.
3. Elegiack, who wrote in a certain pitious verse called Elegy; such among the Latins were Ovid, Tibullus, and Propertius.
4. There were Comicall Poets who wrote Interludes to recreate the people with matters of disport, of whom among the Greeks, Menander and Aristophanes were most excellent; with the Latins, Terence and Plautus▪ and also Tragicall, who set forth the doleful falls of unfortunate and afflicted Princes, such were Aeschyius, Euripides and Sophocles with the Greeks; Seneca among the Latins. Satirical, who taxed the vices of the people in bitter speeches, such were Lucilius, Iuvenall and Persius among the Latins. Others were given wholly to scoffing at undecent things, and in short Poems uttered pretty merry conceits, and these were called Epigrammatists, as Martial.

Poets are drawn with a desire of glory, and are greedy of praise.

Nec petitur sacris nisi tantum fama Poetis.

There are Deliciae Poetarum, where the famous Italian, French, German and Scotch Poets are mentioned.

Chytraeus hath this Epigram,

        In tres Petros Poetas.
        
         Carmine quid possint Itali, & cum Teutone Galli,
         
         Scire cupis ternos aspice quaeso Petros
        
         Italiae Angelium, Ronsardum Gaul, suave
        
         Lorichii ingenium Te
         
          •
         
         tonis
         
          •
         
         ra tulit▪

Of Painting.

Painting is silent Poetry, and Poetry a speaking Picture.

Of the first Inventer of it, See Polyd. Verg. de Invent. Rerum, l. 2. c. 24.

Zeuxis, Appelles, Lysippus, Parrhasius, Praxiteles, Phidias, were famous Painters.

Two Artificers contended for the mastery in their Art and faculty, the first drawing Grapes so lively that he cozened the birds, the other a Vail so exquisitely that he cozened the Artificer himself.

Of Navigation.

This Art is much perfected since Solomon's time.

Prima dedit nautis usum magnetis Amalphis.

John Tapp hath written of the Art of Navigation: and S ^t Thomas Rives hath written Historiam Navalem in two parts.

The virtue of the Loadstone is certainly wonderful, unknown to Aristotle and Pl • ny, and all the Ancients, which virtue thus now being known and understood, Navigation through and about the whole world was made easy and happy.

Sir Francis Bacon in his first book of the Advancement of Learning, lib. 1 cap. 4. saith, The Sciences which hold more of the Fancy and of Belief, then of Reason and Demonstration, are chiefly three, Astrology, natural Magic and Alchimy.

I. For Astrology.

Though the Ancients generally confounded Astronomy and Astrology, yet they are to be distinguished, as the very Greek words show.

The Scripture, Psal. 19. commending the Sun and the Starry Heavens for all its proper uses and ends that we should make of them, saith not the least word of Judicial Astrology, or foretelling future events in the world, by them: whereas if that were true which is said, that God by the Heavens as by a Book, hath revealed what he would do, it would have commended the study of the Heavens for this end to all; for if God have manifested his will by it, then certainly he would have commanded us to search for it there, as he doth command us to find out his will in the Scripture. But the Scripture is so far from commending such a study, that it expressly forbids it as a grievous sin, Deut. 18. 10, 14. Isa. 2. 6. & 41. 23. & 44. 25. & 47. • 2. I •• . 10. 2. Eccles. 10. 14. And that Judicial Astrology is a vanity, appeareth by this reason; They undertake to foretell contingencies for the most part, from the position of the seven Planets: Now there being so vast a number of fixed Stars, which have influence in earthly things in some proportion as well as the Planets, how is it possible that they should foretell any certain truth?

One in Basel by his calculation noted a certain day which he mistrusted should be fatal unto him, by something which should at that time befall him. Whereupon he determined with himself all that day to keep him sure and safe within his chamber, where he reaching up his hand to take down a Book, the Book falling down upon his head gave him his deaths wound, and shortly after he died upon the same.

Tycho Brahe in his Oration de Disciplinis Mathematicis, doth plead somewhat for Astrology.

But Gassendi de Doctrina Epicuri, hath a Diatribe against Judicial Astrology, and calls it ridiculous.

Sixtus ab Hemminga wrote a Book against those which profess Astrology, which he entitled, Astrologia ration & experientia refutata liber. He shows there, that all the promises which Astronomers make of future events are vain, and that evidently in the genitures of thirty famous persons, which Suffridus Petrus de Scriptoribus Frisiae reckons up.

Another kind of Divination is Physiognomy.

If I say a sanguineous man is prone to lust, that is a true judgment, this is properly Physiognomy, but if thou sayest, he is actually lustful, that is a rash judgment, for by reason or the grace of God he may restrain that, as the story of Socrates is known.

A certain kind of Physiognomy is called Chiromancy or Palmestry, which is a divination by inspection of the lines in the hand,

—Frontemque manumque praebebit vati.
Juv. Sat. 1.

Aristotle in his singular book of Physiognomy hath made no mention of Chiromancy, yet I believe the Egyptians, who were addicted to those abstruse and mystical sciences had a knowledge therein, to which those vagabond and counterfeit Egyptians did after pretend, and perhaps retained a few corrupted principles, which sometimes might verify their prognostics. D ^r Brown. Religio Medici.

See of them Camerar. Histor. Meditat. l. 1. c. 17.

II. Of Natural Magic.

Some distinguish between Natural, Artificial and Diabolical, though others dislike them all.

Zoroaster is said first to invent this Art of Magic. Vide Aug. De Civ. Dei. l. 21. c. 14. & Polyd. Verg. De Invent. Rerum. l. 1. c. 22.

Magic flourished especially among the Persians.

One saith, Magia est ars impetrandi à Diabolo quicquid ipsi praescripseris. Magic is an Art of obtaining of the Devil whatsoever thou shalt command him. As Christianity is an Art of obtaining from God what is profitable, so Magic is an Art of obtaining from the Devil what thou shalt command him. For the Devil is the Author and worker of those things which the Magicians work; though one saith, The Art is but Naturalis Philosophiae absoluta consummatio, the absolute perfection of natural Philosophy.

Pliny speaketh of Moses his Miracles, though he do ill in calling him a Magician, for, 1. what likeness is there between the illusions of a Magician, which vanish away in the twinkling of an eye, and the leading of a mighty great Nation through the Sea, and which is more, the maintaining of them from hunger and thirst so long a time. There is no Law in the world doth so expressly forbid Magic as doth the Law of Moses, as if the Law would thereby purposely prevent this slander.

Benno the Cardinal in the life of Hildebrand relates, that five Popes Sylvester the 3 ^d , Benedictus the 9 ^th , John the 20. and 21, Gregory the 7 ^th , did wholly give themselves to the Devil that they might be Popes.

He hath a notable story there of Hildebrand, about his carring a book of Necromancy still with him.

Libels, or Libri famosi are to be forbidden, blasphemous books to be abolished, but Magical books are to be burnt, Act. 19. 19.

Alchimy an Art full of errors and vanity yet this right is due to it, that it may truly be compared to the Husbandman, whereof Aesop makes the Fable, That when he died, told his sons he had left unto them a great mass of gold buried under ground in his vineyard, but did not remember the particular place where it was hidden; Who when they had with spades turned up all the vineyard, they found no gold; but by reason of their stirring and digging the mold about the roots of their Vines, they had a great vintage the year following: so the painful search and stir of Alchemists to make gold, hath brought to light a great number of good and fruitful experiments, as well for the disclosing of nature, as the use of man's life.

The Alchemists or Chymicks too much extol their spirits.

The chiefest Chymicks among the Ancients, Tycho Brah • (who was given to the study also himself) reckons up to be these, Hermes Tresmegistus, Geber, Rupescissa, Arnoldus de Villa-nova; Raymundus Lullius, Thomas Aquinas, Roger Bacon, Albertus Magnus. To which he adds, Isaac Holland, and Theophrastus Paracelsus.

The Cabbalisticall Art is also vain, though magnified too much in these days.

The Jews hold, that Moses received a double Law from God in the Mount, one in writing, or delivered in writing, the other by mouth, or delivered by mouth. This last (say they) was successively delivered by Moses to posterity, first to Joshua, by him to the Elders, and by them to the first Prophets, and then to the last Prophets, amongst whom the last of all were Zacharias, Haggai, Malachi, these delivered it to the men of the great Synagogue, which were Ezra with his company, who restored the Law to its ancient purity, from whom the wise men following received it in succeeding generations, and this double Exposition which the Jews glory in is yet found among their wise men, they name the Cabala.

Johannes Picus de Mirandula first amongst the Latins made mention of this Cabal of the Hebrews.

Because there are six Alephs in the first verse of the first Chapter of Genesis, and Aleph signifies a thousand, therefore they say the world shall last six thousand years.

Some learned men (as Chamier, and others) likewise tax School-Divinity.

Mihi quidem satis est, si quando succisivis horis huc diverto, ad Thomam, aut Petrum de Aquila, aut Majorem, aut Nicolaum de Orbellis, aut Cardinalem de Aliaco, & hujusmodi molestissimorum hominum turbam: non equidem ut delectationem capiam: sed • o tantum ut animum satiem: non aliter quàm si quis aliquando palatium visitans, post aularum, cubiculorum, coenaculorum magnificentiam, etiam latrinas non dedignetur aspicere, sed paucis, ob faetorem. Chamier. Epist. Jesuit.

Gaudeo (saith Luther) me e Scholastica Theologia erutum & gratias ago Christo Deo meo.

And in his first Tome de octavo praecepto. Vocantur Doctors Scholastici, & hoc propriissimo veroque nomine, Scholastici enim sunt, id est, ludicri, & lusores, imo & illusores, tam sui quam aliorum.

See Antony du Verdier his learned Preface of Learning to his Bibliotheque.

Before I proceed to speak of the Languages, I shall say something of that useful Art of Prin • ing.

Cardan, lib. 17. de artibus saith, It is an Art inferior to none, neither in profit, dignity, nor subtlety.

How speedily doth it convey Learning from one Nation and Age to another?

Imprimit ill die, quantum vix scribitur anno.

Pasqui • r saith, One may see the world traversed in these two inventions, a Monk the Inventer of Artillery, and a Soldier of Printing, Recherch de la France, lib. 9. cap. 29.

By printing many Greek and Latin Authors have been preserved from destruction. Auctores plurimos, tam Gracos quam Latinos, ab omni prorsus interitus periculo vindicavit. Polyd. Virg. De Invent. rerum l. 2. c. 7.

It is commonly said, That Tullius Offices was the first book that was printed.

Ciceronis officia prima omnium librorum typis aeneis impressa sunt. Exemplar officiorum istorum habeo in membrana impressum. Schol. Mathem. Rami, l. 2.

There were some famous Printers.

Aldus Manutius , and after him Paulus his Son in Venice; in France, Crispinus, Henry Stevens the Father to Charles, and Charles to Robert, Robert to Henry, and Henry to Paul, all Printers.

Christopher Plantine of Antwerp a most famous and learned Printer.

There is a Book entitled, Index Libroram Qui ex Typographia Plantiniana prodierunt. Oporinus Celebris parentum aevo Basil • ae Typographus fuit, cui nomen Ioanni Oporino. Voss. de vitiis Sermons, c. 9.

Frobenius, he was E • asmus his faithful Printer.

Daniel Bombergu • who deserves special praise for his care and diligence in setting forth the Bible with the Chaldee Paraphrase, Rabins Commentaries, and the Masora, besides many other Hebrew books. R. Gedaliah in his Shalsheleth doth speak honourably of him in this respect.

Some Printers are to be blamed, who for lucre sake are ready to print any book though never so corrupt and pernicious.

I have heard that George Bishop the Printer in London would not sell any Popish Books either to Papists or any that were like to be seduced by them.

CHAP. VI. Of the Languages.

COnstat Graecos & Latinos peregrina linguae voces, dum suae linguae decoro, & compositioni student, prodigiose corrupisse. Leland. Comment. in Cign. Cant.

Languages do often much change in process of time. The French, Spanish and Italian, coming from the Latin are much fallen from the purity of the Latin tongue. None of the French will now understand the Laws of England published by William the Conqueror in the Norman without an Interpreter.

Languages differ much in common names, but not in proper; all Languages say almost in the same manner, Adam, Abraham, Moses, David, Jesus, Socrates, Plato, Caesar, C. Caro, Carolus, and in the like.

The Confusion of Languages was brought in at the building of the Tower of Babel, as Moses the Hebrew Prophet in the 11 ^th Chapter of Genesis, and Josephus the Hebrew Historian in the 4 ^th Chapter of his first book of Jewish Antiq. evidently demonstrate.

The punishment of strange Languages was a heavy punishment, next to our casting out of Paradise, and the Flood. M ^r Wheat. Protot. ch. 7.

The holy Ghost descended upon the Apostles in the shape of tongues. Quid autem lingu • dissectae aliud (saith one) quam variarum linguarum cognitionem portenderunt?

Bibliander saith, There are seventy seven Languages commonly reckoned, De ration communi omnium Linguarum c. 1.

The Hebrew Language was the first and most ancient, and the only Language before the building of the Tower of Babel.

Agustine saith, It is better to be in the company of a known dog, then in a man's society whose speech is unknown to us.

The Hebrew tongue kept its purity, and remained uncorrupted, though other tongues were added to it, and derived from it.

It is reported of Mithridates, that he spake two and twenty Languages. Gesner therefore writing a Book of divers Languages, styles it Mithridates Gesneri. Vide R. Episc. Uss. Annal. partem posteriorem. p. 142. Et Theodorum Bibliandrum. De Ration Communi omnium Linguarum, c. 1.

Benedictus Arias Montanus in his Preface to the King of Spain's Bible, professeth that he understood ten Languages.

Godeschalcus Praetorius, a man of great wit and vast memory, and famous in all kind of Learning, once a singular ornament of the University of Frankford in Germany, understood fourteen Tongues, saith N • ander in the first part of his Geography.

Postell shows, that he was skillful in fifteen Languages.

Schindler and De Dieu were Polyglottists.

Joseph▪ Scaliger and our Bishop Andrew's had also knowledge in several Languages.

Theodorus Bibliander De Ration Communi omnium Linguarum, cap. 1. saith thus of himself, Equidem ut de uberiori aliqua perfusione divini spiritus gloriari non possum nec debeo, ita beneficia Christi servatoris minime vel modestum, vel religiosum est dissimulare. Fate • rque me non tam labor & diligentia & ingenii quodam acumine singulari, quam ex merito & gratia, & do • o principis nostri opt. max. Jesus Christi consecutum esse facultatem aliquam scribendi & loquendi, aut certe judicandi de iu linguis, quae totum orbem terrarum longe lateque possident. Vide plura ibid.

The common use of all Languages is twofold:

One, That others may discover their mind to us.

Another, That we likewise may reveal our mimde to them.

As the confusion of tongues at Babel had caused the casting off of the Gentiles, by severing them from the participation of the true Religion (which was only professed and known in the Hebrew tongue) so was the gift of tongues to be a needful means to bring them into Religion again; when everyone may hear of the things of God in his own Language.

The Languages may be divided into Oriental and Occidental:

1. Oriental; Hebrew, Chaldee, Samaritan, Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic, Persian, Armenian, Coptick.
2. Occidental; Greek, Latin, Spanish, French, Italian, German, English, and Sclavonick, which is spoken very generally.

The Oriental tongues are written and read from the right hand to the left, except the Ethiopic and Armenian.

The Grecians at first did write forward and backward, whence that phrase, Literas exarare and lineae, are called versus, and thence that was a most profitable and grave Decree of the Council of Vienna, celebrated under Clement the 5 ^th , That there should be in Universities public professors of the Hebrew, Chaldee and Arabic tongues, which should teach them, and translate books out of them into Latin for the propagation of the Faith, and more easy conversion of the Infidels.

Sigismundus Gelenius hath written Lexicum Symphonum.

Quo quatuor Linguarum Europae familiarium, Graecae scilicet, Latinae, Germanicae, ac Sclavinica concordia judicatur.

Bibliander De ration communi omnium linguarum, lays down an easy method of learning a Language, Qui enim dictiunculas principales, & themata singulis diebus discat, & aliquid tribuat regulis derivandi, flectendi, & c •• po • e • di, utque ordinem & constructionis leges cognoscat, centesimo die per otium linguam perdidicit. He saith there, That there are a thousand original words of the Latin tongue, and themata bis mille linguae Hebraeae, two thousand roots of the Hebrew tongue.

There are three principal or learned Languages, the Hebrew, Greek and Latin.

I. Of the Hebrew.

Of Languages, the Hebrew as it is the first and most ancient of all, so it alone seems to be pure and sincere, all the rest almost are mixed: for there is none of them which hath not certain words derived and corrupted from the Hebrew. So the Latins have not only borrowed many words of Art from the Grecians, but also of things which they found in their books. So the Latin tongue was corrupted by the Goths in Italy, France and Spain.

Some think that the English Language is most mixed and corrupt of all. Munster in the second Book of his universal Cosmography, saith, The English tongue is compounded of many Languages. In times past (he saith) it was pure Germane, as one may know by Beda, who was born in England.

The Mysteries of God, and our salvation were delivered by God, and received by the holy Fathers and Prophets in the Hebrew tongue.

The Hebrew tongue excels all others in dignity, pleasure, profit and necessity. The antiquity of it demonstrates its dignity, the simplicity and grace of it its pleasure. It is the fountain of all other Languages, of the Indian, Persian, Babylonian, Armenian, Syriac, Arabic, the Egyptian, Ethiopic, and therefore profitable. Beckman shows, that many Greek words are derived from it. By it we are instructed in the knowledge of God and the Church, and ourselves, therefore it is very necessary.

The Punique tongue was the Canaanitish or old Hebrew Language, that which was vulgarly spoken among the Jews before the Captivity.

Amongst Christians for more then a thousand years from Christ, none scarce did adorn the Hebrew Language unless very few. The Jews were in such hatred, that their very Language was vilified. Origen of Alexandria learned it of a Jew called Hill, not without trouble, and the public upbraiding of Celsus. Jerome also of Stridona a Monk and Presbyter, learned this Language at Bethlehem, especially in the night time of a Jew, fearing his Countrymen, whose name was Barhanina, whence Ruffinus becoming his enemy objected to him, that leaving Christ he followed Barabbas, He neglecting that calumny went on stoutly, and taught many religious Virgins this Language, that they might sing Hebrew Psalms. After Jerome, who flourished in the year of Christ 385. followed John Damascene, who lived in the year of Christ, 730. Nicholas Lyra was converted from Judaism in the year of Christ, 320. Afterward Paulus Burgensis was converted from Judaism. And this was the lot of that holy Language even unto the year of Christ 1440. when Printing was invented, and the studies of Languages and Learning began to flourish. Here among the Christian restorers of the holy tongue Reuclin was the first. He learned the Greek tongue of Greek exiles (amongst whom was Chalcondylas ) and the Hebrew of the Jews, and he illustrated both. The ice being broken by him, Hebrew Bibles were printed first at Pisauna, after at Venice, and in Italy. Felix Pratensis, Daniel Bombergus his master in the holy tongue, the Author and Moderator of his famous printing in the Hebrew, much adorned this Language, by publishing Hebrew Bibles, which are called Veneta & Bombergiana.

Augustinus Iustinianus Nebriensis Episcopus put forth Psalterium octaplum.

Petrus Galatinus flourished in Spain, also Franciscus Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo, and Cardinal, who procured the Edition of Opus Complutense, & Benedictus Arias Montanus Hispalensis, who being helped together with his Collegues by the munificence of Philip the second King of Spain, promoted that kingly work, the Spanish and Plantine Bible.

In France Sanctes Pagninus Lucensis professed this tongue, The Author of the Treasury of the Hebrew tongue, Franciscus Vatablus, which encouraged and furthered Robert Stevens in printing so elegantly the Hebrew Bible at the charge of Francis the first King of France. John Mercer who together with Bonaventure Cornelius Bertram and Antonius Cevallerius enriched Pagnines Treasury with Annotations.

To these may be added William Postell and Nicholas Clenard, who travelled far out of their love to the Hebrew and Oriental tongues.

In Germany after Capnio or Reuchlin, Conradus Pelican, Sebastian Munster, John Oecolampadius, Luther, Aurogallus, Forster, Zigler, John Albert Widmanstadius, Andraeas Masius, Paulus Fagius, John Avenarius, John Drusius, Waser, John Buxtor • the Father and Son, George Cruciger, and others bestowed their pains to good purpose in this Language.

Wakefield of old taught Hebrew in England.

Of later time Edward Lively in Cambridge.

Hugh Broughton and Nicholas Fuller did also excel in that Language.

The Hebrew Language in a few words comprehends much matter, is very significant, it hath a gravity, sweetness, vivacity, and marvelous efficacy in its words, periods.

The way to learn the Hebrew tongue, is to inure ones self to one methodical and complete Grammar. Some much commend Martinius his Hebrew Grammar.

Of the Chaldee Language.

During the seventy years Captivity of the Jews in Babylon, there was a mixture of the Hebrew and Chaldee Language, as is evident by the writings of the Prophet Daniel, composed of both, as Jerome hath well observed in his Preface upon that Prophet, as also by the writings of Ezra, and more evidently in the Chaldee Paraphrases.

The Syriac and Chaldee are as it were but dialects of the Hebrew (differing not much more then Northern and Western speech from plain English) and though they be nearly allied to the Hebrew, yet they are nearer one to the other, insomuch that some reckon them both one.

Those Christians are a terror to the Jews who are indifferently skilled in the Targum and the Rabbins, for they know that many pillars of Judaism are most vehemently shaken, yea overthrown in them. The more the pity that these most profitable studies are so neglected in those places where the Jews most resort.

Many Christians in Syria use this Language in Grammaticis & sacris about the mountain Libanus.

The Samaritan Language.

It hath no other letters and characters proper to it, but the Hebrew letters and characters, yet most ancient. Many Jews at this day dwelling in Syria, and chiefly in the Town of Shechem, use this Samaritan Language, which are called Samaritans.

The Syriac tongue, which is very like to the Hebrew, witnesseth that the Hebrews have two and twenty letters, for they also have two and twenty in sound alike, but divers characters. The Samaritans also write the Pentateuch of Moses in so many letters; and it is certain that Ezra after the taking of Jerusalem, and the restauration of the Temple under Zerubbabel, found out other letters which we now use, when to that time the characters of the Samaritans, and the Hebrews were the same.

Of the Syriac Language.

It is called also Lingua Aramaea, Esa. 36. 11. The new translation hath, the Syrian Language, the old, The Aramites Language.

The Syriac tongue is certainly thought to have had beginning in the time of the Captivity of the Jews in Babylon, while they were mingled among the Chaldeans. In which long revolution of seventy years, the vulgar sort of the Jews forgot their own language, and began to speak the Chaldee; but yet pronouncing it amiss, and framing it somewhat to their own Country fashion, in notation of points, affixes, conjugations, and some other properties of their ancient speech, it became a mixed Language of Hebrew and Chaldee. Brerewoods Enquiries touching the Diversity of Languages and Religions through the chief parts of the world, ch. 9.

Guido Fabricius clearly demonstrates the vulgar tongue of Jury in the days of our blessed Savior's pilgrimage here upon earth to be Syriac, which (saith Masius ) grew out of the mixture of the ancient Chaldee and Hebrew, and was so different from the latter, that the one could not be understood by the other. The Preface to Brerewoods Enquiry.

Crinesius commends the Syriac Grammar of Masius, Mercer, Tremellius and especially Wasers. But De Dieu 's is an excellent one.

Of the Arabic.

It is 1. a very ancient Language, as Jerome shows in his Commentaries upon the Prophet Isaiah, and in his Preface to Daniel and Job; and Erpenius in his first Orat. De ling. Arab.

2. It is of larger extent now then any other Language, almost the third part of the habitable world acknowledgeth it.

Although I be far from their opinion, which write (too overlashingly) that the Arabian tongue is in use in two third parts of the inhabited world, or in more, yet I find that it extendeth very far, and specially where the Religion of Mahumed is professed. Brerew. Enquir. ch. 8.

Ejus beneficio valebimus sine interpret conversari cum Mauro, Aegyptio, Syro, Persa, Turcho, Tartaro, Indo, & ut semel dicam, fere in toto terrarum orbe. Postellus.

3. It is an elegant Language whether we consider the plenty of words, and the force of signification, or the sweetness of the phraseology, or the facility and gravity of the whole Language. All these particulars Erpenius proves in his first Oration. De Ling. Arab. and M ^r Greaves saith, it exceeds both the Greek and Latin in number of words.

4. It is a profitable Language. He that hath the knowledge of this Language, may travel without an Interpreter almost all over Africa and Asia. There are many words in the Hebrew Bible, and the most ancient and profitable Chaldee Translation of it, and many manners of speaking whose signification and sense cannot be had but out of this Language. Without the knowledge of this Language, how shall the impious opinion of Mahomet be either fully known or refuted?

It gives great light to the Syriac, Ethiopic, Persian, and other Languages, to the Mathematics, they having invented the Algebra, and having Mathematicians more accurate then Ptolemy, to Physic, Avicenna, Mesua, Serapio, Rasis were famous Physicians. Averroes, Avicenna and others much adorned Philosophy. They have very many famous Poets, Historians. Ingentes Historiarum copias habent, obscurae & sepultae jam antiquitati lucem vitamque allaturas. Poetarum illis seges densissima est, ut nullibi terrarum major ingeniorum messis provenerit, saith M ^r Greaves in his Oration.

He commends it also for its facility, for here are no dialects at all, no turnings of flexions, no anomalies.

Mercer, Joseph Scaliger, Francis Rophelengius, Isaac Casaubone, Immanuel Tremellius, and Francis Junius, Clenard, Golius, and our Pocock and Graves highly prized this Language, and promoted the study of it.

The Arabians (saith Bedwell ) translated the Syriac Testament not the Greek, as it will appear by many places to him that shall compare them, whence those things which are very well rendered by the Syriac, are also rendered ad verba by the Arabic, where the Syriac hath erred, there also the Arabic hath much more missed the mark.

Of the Ethiopic or Indian Language.

It is so near (saith Bibliander, De Ration Communi omnium linguarum, cap. 2.) to the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Arabic, that there is scarce any diction which is not found in some of them.

The Ethiopians are descended from Chus the son of Cham.

It proceeds almost wholly from the Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac and Arabic. They write from the left hand to the right. It hath a great passage through all the Kingdom of Ethiopia and Africa, which is of great extent. Some think the Prophets were written in the Ethiopic tongue from the times of our Savior Christ, and his Apostles, and that the Eunuch (who was Treasurer under the Queen of Candace ) read it, by which Eunuch also afterward all Ethiopia was converted to the faith of the Gospel.

Of the Persian Language.

There are many footsteps of the Persian Language in the Scripture, especially in Esther, as Ahasuerus, Esther, Hammedetha, Phur or Phurim, Gaza, Susa, Zeres, Mordecai, and others.

Persarum lingua omnium linguarum mundi facillima est. Bibliand. De Ration Communi omnium linguarum.

M ^r Graves hath written of it, Persian lingua in tota fere Asia hodie locum habet, ut in occidente Latina, saith Waserus in his Commentary on Gesners Mithridates.

Of the Coptick Kircherus hath written.

Of the chief Oriental Languages, Arabic, Armenian, Syriac and Ethiopic hath Petrus Victor, Cajetan Palma written, and Ludovicus De Dieu a Grammar of them.

Of the Greek Language.

It is a most elegant, rich and copious Language, and very useful for understanding of the Scripture and other Arts.

The Old Testament was translated out of Hebrew into Greek, and the New Testament was wholly written by the Apostles in this Language. Many Greek Fathers also have commented on the Scripture, or defended Religiou by Theological Treatises. Grammatica, Dialectica, Rhetorica, Arithmetica, Musica, Geometria, and many Chronological words have come from the Greek.

Many terms in the Mathematics cannot be understood without it.

The Greeks in their Liturgy have no Latin speech, but the Latins have divers Greek speeches in theirs. An evident proof, that the Latins have received of the Greeks the Christian Religion, and have been their Disciples. As this appears by the History of the Acts of the Apostles, where we may see the Christian Religion passed from Syria to the Greeks, and from the Greeks into Italy, and to Rome. Thence it comes, that the most part of words used in Religion amongst the western Christians are Greek, as those of Christ, Church, Apostle, Evangelist, Baptism, Eucharist, Bishop, Deacon, Exorcist, Monk, Litany, Antiphonie, Chrism.

Rom. 1. 14. I am debtor both to the Greeks and Barbarians, that is, to all Nations under heaven, bottoming his speech from the phrase of the Grecians, which gave the style of Barbarous for distinction sake, unto all the Nations, even the Romans, beside themselves.

The Greek Language is difficult by reason of the many Dialects, the Attick common, Eolick, Ionick and Dorick. The Attick Dialect is the most elegant and useful; the Dorick was the most gross, therefore the Eclogues and conferences of Shepherds were written by Theocritus in that Language: Yet Petrus Mosellanus Orat. de Var. Ling. Cognit. saith, Adsit ingenium foelix, non desit discendi propositum constans, contingat & praeceptor non doctus so • ùm, sed & prudens, vel meo ipsius periculo polliceri ausim, minori & tempore, & negotio mediocrem utriusque linguae cognitionem posse percipi, quàm hodie lingu • semel latinae miserand • discitur balbuties.

Cat • being old learned Greek, as Origen did Hebrew.

There is no Language so happy in composition, as the Greek, so fit in joining and coupling one word with another as it, as Julius Pollux a Greek Author in his Onomasticon evidently demonstrates.

All the Hebrew and Latin eloquence know not with their mystery, gravity, copiousness and eloquence, to express and utter so properly and naturally many Nowns and Verbs as are to be found frequently in the Books of Greek Authors.

Greek Books, (in very deed, if any after the sacred) are best able to make a man Wise and Learned. D ^r Casaub. of Enthus. c. 2.

At this day the Greek Tongue is very much decayed, not only as touching the largeness of it, but also in the pureness and elegancy of the Language▪ though it was preserved pure longer then the Latin. Brerewoods Enquiries touching the diversity of Languages, cap. 2

Picus Mirandulanus, Hermolaus Barbarus, Bembus, Politian, were famous Italians, well skilled in the Greek.

By the pains of Theodorus Gaza, Luscaris, Mus • rus, Cretensis, Chalcondiles, Argyropylus, Trapezuntius, Chrysoloras, the Greek tongue was wonderfully spread.

Sthwartzerd was called from the Greek Melancthon, Newman, Neander, Churchyard, Polyander, Freeman, Luther, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Reuclin, Cap • io.

The Germane tongue hath many words purely Greek, as Neander in the first part of his Geography shows.

Doctissimus ill quondam praeceptor meus Johannes Camerarius Dalburgius, Ecclesiae Uvormaciensis reverendissimus antistes, aliquot millia dictionum Graecarum collegerat, quae in utraque lingua Graeca & Germanica idem significant. Bibliand. de Ration communi omnium Linguarum. c. 2.

The French tongue hath a great conformity with the Greek, as both Ioach. Perionius de Linguae Gall. cum Graeca cognat. and Henry Stevens in that Book entitled Conformite de Language Francois avec le Grec. abundantly show.

So hath the English also divers words from them, as I have elsewhere declared.

All Learning and Wisdom is contained in the Greek Language.

Of the Latin Tongue.

It is one of the three Learned Tongues, in comparison of which all others are said to be barbarous.

Some hold that the flourishing, pure and incorrupt age of the Latin Tongue was from Terence, even to the times of Quintilian.

This age had Terence, Pacuvius the Poet, Lucretius and Archias Poets, Varro, Cicero, Julius Caesar, Virgil, Horace, Propertius, Tibullus, Catullus, Ovid, Salust, Columella, Livy. Quintus Curtius, Persius, Seneca, Silvius Italicus, and Martial. Under Augustus Caesar the Latin tongue was most pure.

Vide Becmanni Manuduct. ad Ling. Lat. c. 6. concerning the pure Latin Authors, and c. 7. what Authors are most to be read, and also some Elogies of the Latin Tongue by divers Learned men.

Pasquier Recherches de la France l. 9. c. 29. reckons up the Authors which excelled in the Latin Tongue.

The Latin Tongue grew to perfection by certain degrees, and in Caesar and Cicero 's times (whereof the one for purity, the other for copiousness were the best that ever writ) it came to the highest flourish together with the Empire.

Among the Poets, Plautus, Naevius, Accius, Pacuvius, Ennius and Virgil most refined it, among the Orators and Historians M. Cato, Sisenna, Caesar and Cicero.

The Spanish Writer of the Book which is called the Trial of Wits, ch. 4. collects thence, that there is a special agreement of the Latin Tongue with the reasonable soul, because mad men which never learned Latin, nevertheless sometime speak it of their own accord.

The Latin Tongue is useful for all Arts and Nations.

Julius Scaliger and Joseph his son hold, that the Originals of the Latin speech are many of them drawn from the Greek. Crinesius de Confusione Linguarum cap. 10. proves by many instances, that the Latin Tongue proceeded from the Hebrew.

It is very commendable to speak good Latin freely, and to write in a pure and elegant style.

That is much which Fanchimus Fortius Ringelbergius in his truly golden Book De Ration Studii reports of himself.

Of the Italian, French and Spanish Languages.

One Bense hath written a Book entitled Analogo-Diaphora, seu Concordia Discrepans, & Discrepantia Concordans trium Linguarum, Gallicae, Italicae, & Hispanicae.

The disagreeing concord and the agreeing discord of those three Languages, French, Italian and Spanish.

The Language of the Spaniards is said to be Manly, the Italian Courtly, and the French Amorous.

Brerewood conceives these tongues are more ancient, and that they have not sprung from the corruption of the Latin Tongue, by the inundation and mixture of barbarous people in these provinces, but from the first imperfect impression and receiving of it in those foreign Countries.

One of the Councils calls the French Tongue Linguam Romanam rusticam, whence Romances, because they were written in that Tongue.

The genuine pronunciation and reading is the most difficult in the French Tongue, for many letters which are written, are not pronounced, or otherwise pronounced.

Crinesius in his Discourse of the Confusion of Languages, c. 10. gives seven general rules of the French pronunciation, and many special ones.

There are many several Dialects of the French Tongue. Nam in Gaul certe nostra, tot fere linguae sunt, aut certe tot ejusdem linguae dialecti, ac diversi pronuntiandi modi, quot sunt Galliae, non dicam provinciae, sed urbes. Casaub. Comment. in l. 4. Strabonis.

The Spanish Tongue is near to the Italian, and seems to come nearer to the Latin Tongue then the French, but not so near as the Italian.

Brerewood in his 6 ^th Chapter of Enquiries touching the diversity of Languages, saith he hath seen an Epistle written by a Spaniard, whereof every word was both good Latin and good Spanish, and an example of the like is to be seen in Merula Cosmog▪ part. 2. l. 2▪ ch▪ 8.

Scaliger Epist. Casaub. saith Quartapars Hispanicae linguae mere Arabica.

Scaliger commends the French for a most elegant and sweet Language, and prefers it before the Spanish and Italian.

The people leave out many of their consonants in their pronunciation, which makes it the sweeter.

In aulis omnium propemodum principum, maxim occidentalium, viget illa lingua & floret. Petrus Bense in Epistola Dedicatoria.

The people speak the best French in Blois or Orleans, and the best Italian in Hetruria, and the best Spanish in Castile.

Antoine Du Verdier in his excellent Preface to his Bibliotheque highly commends the French Language, Quant à la phrase & elegante maniere de parler, pour exprimer belles conceptions, ie ne sai si les Grecs mesmes se peuvent vanter d'estre pareils à nous. De ma part, ie croy que nostre langue ait este composee de toutes les fleurs d'eslite, qui sont esparses par la Grecque, la Latin, l' Italienne, & autres celebres & renommees, taunt antiques que modernes.

CHAP. VII. Of Universities and public Schools.

ACademies which at this day are called Universities, were in times past called Synagogues, as the Synagogue of Jerusalem, Antioch, Ephesus, and Alexandria, and Studia.

They always built their Academies in some famous City, as at Jerusalem, Athens, Rome, Constantinople.

The use of Academies is very necessary many ways, therefore those Commonwealths most flourished which did most esteem them.

Nothing is more Princely then to defend and provide for Schools and Universities, Ne quid detrimenti capiat literaria Respublica, Nothing more conducible to the profit of Scholars, then to indow Colleges with great Immunities and Privileges. So in times past did many Learned Heroes cherish Learning and favor Learned men, in Greece, Alexander; in Asia, Mithridates; in Egypt, Ptolemy; in Spain, Alphonsus; in Germany, Charles the Great and the 4 ^th ; in Boh • mia, the Founder of the University of Prague; in Prusia, Albertus the Elder; in Italy, Julius, Augustus, Maecenas; in France, Francis the first; in England, Edward the 3 ^d , Henry the 7 ^th , and Elizabeth his wife, Henry the 8 ^th , Edward the 6 ^th , Queen Mary, Queen Elizabeth, King James.

Zanchius reckons up four most weighty causes of public Divinity Schools.

1. That the Prophetical and Apostolical Writings might be preserved in them, from corruption or destruction, which is the cause why Libraries were always wont to be added to these Schools, in which other Books being written out faithfully in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin were kept.
2. That there might be perpetual witnesses in Schools which might testify by a continual succession, what Books were truly Canonical and what Apocryphal.
3. That these Schools might also testify what was the native and genuine sense of such Writings, and what doctrine was truly Apostolical.

The last cause was, That from those Colleges those might be drawn out which were indeed fit to teach others, and to govern Churches.

The whole Kingdom of Israel was filled with Theological Schools, according to the commandment of God.

Samuel was the first builder of Colleges that we read of, he called his College Najoh, that is, even beauty itself. In Ramah the Prophets dwelt with the Students, which were called Sons of the Prophets. Amos saith, I am not a Prophet, nor the son of a Prophet, that is, I was never taught in the Schools of the Prophets, and the Learned.

They had Schools amongst the people till the destruction of Jerusalem. The Jews being dispersed among other Nations, always endeavored to keep their Schools, which they called Synagogues, which were Colleges, as it were, in which the Law of God was interpreted among the more Learned, and wherein they conferred and disputed about the Scriptures, Act. 6. 9.

In Ecclesiastical Histories we may see this care of the Apostles and their Disciples in settling Schools everywhere where Churches were built, and in setting over them such men as were endued with singular piety and Learning. Hence those most famous Schools of Antioch, Alexandria and Constantinople, and many others in the East, and also in the West, which were endowed by Emperors and Kings with most ample rewards, privileges and all kind of benefits, that the pure Doctrine might be continued in them.

The Egyptians, Chaldeans, Babylonians, Persians, Grecians, Romans, set up Schools, and by great liberality and other ways promoted Learning, and encouraged Scholars. Vide Lipsi Lovanium l. 3. c. 6, 7, 8.

Quintilian in the second Chapter of his first Book, Instit. Orat. handleth this Question, Utiliusne sit domi atque intra privatos parietes studentem continere, an frequentiae scholarum & velut publicis praeceptoribus tradere: Whether children be more profitably taught at home, or in some public School.

Ante omnia, (saith he) futurus orator, cui in maxima celebritate & in media Reipublicae luce vivendum est, assuescat jam à tenero non reformidare homines, neque illa solitaria & velut umbratili vita pallescere. Necesse est enim sibi nimium tribuat, qui se nemini comparat.

Add quod domi ea sola discere potest quae ipsi praecipientur, in Schola, etiam quae aliis. Audiet multa quotidie probari, multa corrigi, proderit alicujus objurgata desidia: proderit laudata industria: excitabitur laude aemulatio: turpe ducet cedere pari, pulchrum superasse majores. Accendunt omnia haec animos: & licet ipsa vitium sit ambitio, frequenter tamen causa virtutum est.

Immediatly after Scholars come to the University, they are matriculated, and then they enjoy the privileges of the University.

They are called Undergraduates till they receive a degree, after Graduati, or in better Latin, In gradu aliquo dignitatis constituti.

The first degree with us is that of Bachelor of Arts, which they cannot attain usually before four years standing, or near it.

Three years after they may (if they be sufficient Scholars) take the Degree of Masters of Arts, which are Doctors, as it were of the Arts, and therefore a Master of Art takes place of a Doctor of Music, because he is Doctor but of one Art.

Seven years after they are Masters of Arts they may take the Degree of Bachelors of Divinity, and five years after, they may Commence Doctors of Divinity; so that they are almost of twenty years standing before they take that highest Degree.

Of the Ceremonies used in creating of Doctors, D ^r Prideaux speaks sufficiently in his Lectures.

Alsted in his Encyclopaedia, l. 24. c. 13. and Junius in Academiis, handle the Universities after the Alphabetical order of the several Countries, and so beginning with Anglia, they first mention Oxford and Cambridge, then they mention Bohemia, and in it Prague; then Denmark, in it Hafna; then France, in it Alsted mentions sixteen Universities; then Germany, where he rehearseth twenty five Universities; then Spain, there he reckons up twenty two Universities; then Italy, there eleven; three in Polonia, and three in Scotland. Junius speaks of Lusitania before Polonia, where he mentions Conimbra. Leukenor (our Countryman) in his Discourse of Universities, first begins with Germany high and low, and so goes on with Italy, France, Polonia, Prussia and Lituania, Bohemia and Moravia, Spain, England and Scotland.

Middendorpius mentions them in this order, Italy, Sicily, Germany, Polonia, Spain, England, Scotland.

CHAP. VIII. Of the Universities of Germany, Denmark, and Sweden.

I Shall follow Leukenors method, (who is much beholding to Middendorpius and Neander ) beginning with Germany, and ending with England, Scotland, and Ireland.

I might speak also of the famous University of Athens, the Greece of Greece, as Thucydides calls it. It was the place where Rhetoric had its first birth, and was brought to an height greater then it ever had in any place.

In which one City in memory of one age, were more Learned men, and that in a manner altogether, then all time doth remember.

In Philosophy, Plato, Aristotle, Xenophon, Euclid and Theophrast.

In Eloquence and Civil Law, Demosthenes, Aeschynes, Lycurgus, Dinachus, Demades, Isocrates, Isaeus, Lysias, Antisthenes, Androcides.

In Histories, Thucydides, Xenophon.

In Poetry, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes.

It was the universal Study of all the world: one was not held Learned, (saith Munster in the 4 ^th Book of his Universal Cosmography) who had not studied at Athens.

The Mathematics excepted, which came rather from the Chaldeans and the Egyptians, the whole flower of Arts and good Learning came from Greece.

Of the Universities in Germany, High and Low.

Divers great Scholars have been bred in Germany.

Ockam a stout Defender of the Rights of the Empire against the encroachments of the Pope.

Otho Frisingensis the Historian.

Albertus Magnus the Philosopher.

Martin Luther that great instrument of the Reformation, and Philip Melancthon his coadjutor in that work, the Phoenix of that age.

Joachim Camerarius a great friend of Philip's.

Martin Chemnitz a solid and laborious Writer.

Flaccius Illyricus the chief Author of the Magdeburgian Centuries.

Sebastian Munster an industrious Cosmographer, and a learned Linguist.

Silburgius and both the Buxtorfs.

Alsted mentions twenty five Universities in Germany, others reckon fewer.

Germania plures nune Academias habet, quam reliqua Europa universa▪ Lipsii Lovanium l. 3. c. 8.

I. The Universities of High Germany.

Colen.

The University was instituted by Pope Urbane the sixth, at the instance of the Senate and people of Colen, in the year of our Savior's Incarnation 1388, saith Middendorpius. He not only gave them full power and authority to confer all degrees of Scholastical honor to the Students therein, but also confirmed unto them by a public Charter, the Privileges of Paris.

There are three Colleges, Collegium Montanum, Laurentianum, and Novum Coronarum.

There is also another most famous public Schola trilinguis, wherein the Hebrew, Greek and Latin tongues, and the Arts are also taught.

Basil.

Armianus Marcellinus saith it is derived from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , which signifieth a Kingdom, because it is a royal City seated in a Princely place.

The River Rheine passeth thorough it, and by means of it many Merchants come thither.

The University was founded by Pope Pius the 2 ^d , Anno 1459. and he granted to it all the Privileges, Rights and Liberties which Colen, Erford, Vienna and Heidelburg enjoyed.

Basil is no great City nor very rich, yet it hath often Printed and Reprinted the Fathers Works.

Erasmus of Roterdam was buried in the great Church here.

Here lives now the famous young John Buxtorfe.

Mainz.

Dietherus of Eisenburg the Archbishop of Mainz was the Founder of this University in the year of our Lord 1482▪ wherein at the first beginning, all Arts in general were professed, but now only Philosophy, and the knowledge of the Tongues, and Divinity by the Jesuits.

This City hath deserved no small praise and commendation of all Christendom, for that ingenious and most necessary Art of Printing, there first invented and put in practice by the famous and worthy Gentleman John Gutenberg, in the year 1459.

            Imprimit ill die quantum vix scribitur anno,
           
            O Germania muneris repertrix,
           
            Quo nihil utilius dedit vetustas,
           
            Libros scribere quae doces premendo.

Wirtsburg.

In the year of Salvation 1403. John the 2 ^d of that name, and 55 ^th Bishop of Wirtsburg, instituted therein an University, privileged and authorized by Pope Boniface the 9 ^th , and called thither out of the most renowned Schools of Christendom, divers Learned Professors of Philosophy, Divinity, and other inferior Studies.

Trier.

The University here is thought to be one of the oldest Academies in Europe, the Citizens thereof have no Record when it was first erected, by reason of the manifold and often changes it hath endured.

It appeareth manifestly by an Epistle of Gratian the Emperor to Antonius Regent of Gaule, that all Studies universally flourished in this City.

Heidelburg.

It is the Metropolis of the Palatinacy of Rheine, wherein the Palsgraves or Countes Palatines continually hold their Courts and residence.

Rupertus the 10 ^th Palatine of Rheine erected in this City an University, Anno Dom. 3346. which in succession of time grew to be reckoned among the most worthy and famous Nurseries of the Arts▪ Pope Urban the 6 ^th confirmed the same with the Privileges and Prerogatives of Paris.

This Academy hath fostered many Learned men, as Rudolphus Agricola, William Xilander, Thomas Erastus, Zacharias Ursin, Conradus Pellicanus Munsters Master, Pareus.

Also in this University did that industrious excellently learned Scholar Sebastian Munster, publicly profess the Hebrew Tongue.

Tubing.

The University was erected there in the year 1477.

Many Learned Scholars have issued from it.

John Reuclin, Gabriel Biel and John Nauclerus taught here.

John Stofler a most Learned Astronomer.

Martin Crusius was a most famous Professor of Eloquence, Arts and Languages in this University.

Ingolestat.

This University was Instituted in the year of Salvation 1459.

The Jesuits Govern here.

Eccius and Staphylus lived here.

Erford.

An University was therein instituted by Dag • bert the French King, in the year 1391. which with many Privileges was confirmed and authorized by Pope Boniface the 9 ^th , and Pius the 2 ^d .

Leiptzige.

A University was here erected about the year 1408. and the year following confirmed by Pope Pius the 2 ^d and Alexander the 5 ^th , and repaired by George Duke of Saxony, in the year 1554.

They are much given to drunkenness here.

Aeneas Sylvius in the first book of Panormitane de gestis Alphonsi regis, writeth, that when one Leonardus a Noble Gentleman came to visit a certain kinsman of his that was then Student in Leiptzige, enquiring among Students how he did, and how he had profited in Learning, he was answered by one of the young man's companions, that he carried himself very well, quia inter mille & quingentos hic unus bibendi palmam obtinet, among fifteen hundred he hath the name of the best drinker.

Wittenburg.

Duke Frederick the son of Ernestus Elector, erected in this City an University, about the year 1502. which since in this later age is grown famous, by reason of the Controversies and Disputations of Religion there handled by Martin Luther and his adherents.

Many worthy Writers received their education here, as Wesenbechius, Henningus and Oldendorpius two Lawyers famous for their Works through all Germany, and in our later age Martin Luther and Philip Melancthon there have flourished.

Frankford upon Oder.

There are in Germany two Frankfords, both Cities of great fame and worth; the one lieth in Franconia upon the River Meine, well known to all Merchants and travellers, by reason of two rich and famous Marts or Fairs held therein every year, viz. at mid-lent before Easter, and in the middle of September. The other is situated near to the Oder, a goodly River, passing through the Dominion of the Marquess of Brandeburge, one of the seven Electors.

Joachim Marquess of Branderburg, first founded in this later Frankford an University in the year of Grace 1506. and bountifully provided for the maintenance thereof, indowing the same with large Revenews and rich Possessions: as it was afterward authorized by Pope Alexander the 6 ^th , and by Pope Julius the 2 ^d , and Maximilian the first of that name Emperor, enfranchised with many privileges.

In this City the three Tongues are with great and profound Learning professed: also the Civil Law, Physic, and the Mathematiques are there publicly taught.

Reinerus Reineccius the great Historian lived here: Jacobus Ebertus who was Professor of Ethics here, was a great Linguist.

Rostoche.

In the year of Christ's Nativity 1415. the Princes of Mekleburge and the Citizens of Rostoche obtained license to erect in this City an University, wherein the Arts in general have ever since been Learnedly professed.

Gripswalde.

About the year of our Lord 1456. lived herein a certain Learned Doctor of the Laws, which being Proconsul or Burgomaster of the Town, obtained for the same many goodly Privileges and license to erect an University, which being by him only begun, was perfected and enlarged by the great care and diligence of Philip Duke of Pomerland, in the year 1547.

Friburge.

In the year of our Savior 1460. or as some say 1450. Albert Duke of Austria founded in this City an Academy, and liberally endued the same with large revenues and possessions. In the year 1467. this University received many Statutes and Ordinances from Vienna in Austria: from whence also came many great and Learned Clerks, here publicly to profess Theology, the Laws Civil, Canon, and the other Arts. And at length the Emperor Frederick, in the year 1472. much augmented and increased the same: the chiefest College herein, is that which is called Domus Sapientiae.

Udalricus Zasius a Lawyer taught here many years with great praise, and left divers Commentaries upon the Civil Law.

Martpurge.

An University was instituted in this City about the year 1526. which was afterward repaired and reinstituted by Philip the Landgrave of Hesse, in the year 1536. It was authorized by Charles the 5 ^th at Regeusburge, who endued it with privileges of Vienna.

John Oldendorp the most famous Lawyer of Germany, also Iohanno Draco and Andrew Hyperius most famous Divines lived here.

Diling.

In the year 1564. Otto Truchses Cardinal of the Roman Church, Bishop of Ausburge, and Protector of Germany, for the great and singular love wherewith he always embraced Learning, brought the Jesuits into this City, and erected therein an University of his own charge and expense, wherein the Arts have ever since been with great diligence and Learning professed.

Vienna.

It is the most renowned Metropolis and residence of the Archdukes of Austria, a City for wealth most opulent, and for strength most invincible, the only Bullwark of the Christians against their perpetual and barbarous enemy the Turk.

This City is famous for the Citizens valiant holding out against the Turks siege in the year 1529. in which 8000 Turks were slain.

See M ^r Foxes Acts and Monum. Vol. 1. p▪ 978.

In this City is a public and famous University of great name, first founded and instituted after the rules of Rome and Paris, in the year 1239. by the Emperor Frederick the 2 ^d , to the end he might leave unto his son Conradus, an Empire strongly guarded and defended with men Learned and skillful in the Liberall Sciences, which afterward Rudolphus the 4 ^th , Albertus the 3 ^d , and Leopoldus the 2 ^d , three brothers, Archdukes of Austria, with sundry privileges Entranchised, and removed the same from the place wherein it first was instituted, near to the Palace of the Archdukes.

These were famous men in Vienna, viz. Wolfgangus Lazius Medicus an Historian to the Emperor Ferdinand: also Julius Alexandrinus, Mathias Farinator, also John Haselbach was Professor of Divinity in this University Anno Christi 1402. who was so large in the explication of that which he propounded to his audience, that he preached twenty years out of the Prophet Isaiah, and yet he was not come to the end of the first Chapter.

Peurbachius and Regiomontanus, (those two famous Astronomers) were Professors also of the Mathematics here.

In the year 1562. at the cost of Ferdinand Emperor, but by the study and unwearied labor of John Albertus Widmanstade, Chancellor of Oriental Austria, a Lawyer, and excelling in the knowledge of divers learned Languages, the New Testament was printed at Vienna in the Syriac Tongue, which Manuscript in that Language Moses Meredinerus a Priest brought out of Mesopotamia of greater Asia into Europe, sent for this purpose into those parts by Ignatius Patriarch of Antioch, that he finding a Patron who would undergo the charge, that written Copy might by Printing be dimulged among the Christians living in Syria and under the Empire of the Turk, Persian and Tartarian, which are the three most potent Empires of Asia.

II. The Universities of Low Germany or the Low Countries.

Belgium or Germania inferior, (in English the Low Countries and the Netherlands ) from their low situation, and their conformity with the other Germans in Laws, Language, Customs and Manners.

It hath bred and countenanced many Scholars of note.

1. Erasmus the great Restorer of Learning.
2. Iustus Lipsius, as eminent a Reviver of the Latin elegancies.
3. Joseph Scaliger the son of Julius.
4. Rodolphus Agricola.
5. Levinus Lemnius.
6. Ianus Douza, the Father and the son.
7. Abraham Ortelius and Gerard Mercator the Geographers.
8. George Cassander.
9. Gerard Vossius a great Scholar and very industrious.
10. Hugo Grotius a Learned Lawyer.
11. Of the Popish party Jansen and Pamelius.

Lovaine.

This is a pleasant City. John Duke of Brabant obtained of Pope Martin the 5 ^th , the approbation of an University in this City, Letters and good Discipline began there publicly to be taught about the year 1426. Afterwards Pope Eugenius the 6 ^th licensed therein the profession of Theology.

No University of Italy, France or Germany, may with this be compared for pleasant air and delectable walks.

In it are for the use of the Students twenty Colleges, the principal whereof are five, Lilium, Castrum, Porcus, Falco, Collegium Trilingue.

Cornelius Gemma professed Physic here.

Bessarian the Cardinal being the Popes Legat into the Low Countries in the year 1513. was entertained here in the College of Divines, he left there a memory of himself, Biblia manuscripta. Lipsi Lovan.

Douay.

In this City not long since was erected a famous University by Philip late King of Spain, and authorized with the privileges of Lovaine, where Theology, Philosophy, and the inferior Arts are Learnedly professed.

Liege.

In this City flourished in times past a most famous and renowned Academy, wherein were Students at one time the children of nine Kings, twenty four Dukes, twenty nine Earls, besides the sons of many Barons and Gentlemen. It is at this day decayed and almost utterly extinguished; only some trivial Schools for the institution of youth in the inferior Studies are there remaining.

Leiden.

There is scarce a Country in the world, which in so little a space hath so many neat Towns as Holland.

Leiden is one of the six capital Towns of Holland, and is beautified with many pleasant Meadows, Gardens, Arbors and Walls round about it. Here was born John Bucold (alias John of Leyden) a Taylor, who played Rex in Munster.

In this City was erected an University in the year 1575. by William Prince of Orange.

They being there miraculously delivered from the Spaniards great Army, to show their thankfulness erected this University and endowed it with goodly privileges, whereto were called from divers parts, Professors in all faculties, allowing them good stipends. Vide Boxhorn. Epist. Dedicat. ad Theat. Holland.

It doth flourish now, and sundry Professors of the liberal Sciences are there maintained with liberal stipends.

The first Professor there was Polyander.

Iustus Lipsius, Bonaventure Valcane, Francis Junius, Joseph Scaliger, Clusius Heinsius, Salmasins, and divers others taught here.

These things are considerable in the University:

1. The Physic-Garden, Is longe amaenissimus est, arboribus & stirpibus rarissimis e longinquis regionibus huc advectis refertissimus.
2. The Anatomy-Theatre, where there is Mummie of Egypt, the Idols of the Heathens, Birds which came from China, and other far Countries.
3. The Library, well stored with Books of Divinity, Law, Physic, Philology, Philosophy and Mathematics, both printed and Manuscripts.

There are divers choice Manuscripts of several Languages, given by Joseph Scaliger and Bonaventure Vulcane, and divers Arabic and Samaritan, and other Books which Jacobus Golius brought in great number from the East.

Bredah.

It is the Prince of Orenge his Patrimony. The Prince of Orenge was the Founder of that University.

There is a Book printed wherein are the several speeches made by the Professors in the day of their Inauguration.

Utrect.

The learned Voetius is Professor here.

Anna Maria Schurman that mirror of women lived there also.

Daventer.

Daventer is illustris Schola, or Gymnasium, but not an University.

Franekere.

Here Drusius, Ma • covius, Doctor Ames, and Cocceius of late were Professors. D. Ames speaks of its first foundation.

Harderwick.

Harderwick is an University of late standing.

Groning.

This City was the Country of that learned man Rodolphus Agricola, here Ubb • Emmius (Frisiae suae decus) was Professor of History, and the Greek. Here was also Franciscus Gomarus. Henry Alting Doctor and Professor of Divinity.

Maresius the learned Frenchman is Professor now there.

There are two Universities in Denmark.

I. Copenhagen.

In this City was erected an University by Christian Earl of Oldenburge, in the year of Salvation 1478. after he had gained the Regal Diadem. For the which he obtained at the hands of Pope Sixtus the 4 ^th the privileges of Bononia.

This Academy was afterward augmented and enlarged by King Christian the 3 ^d , in the year 1498. and after him by Frederick the 2 ^d , in the year 1549.

When Tycho Brahe was past twelve years old, his Uncle sent him to Hafnia the Metropolis of the Kingdom of Denmark, that he might study Philosophy and Rhetoric in that famous University.

II. Sore, or Soroe.

Upsal.

It is the only University in Sweden.

CHAP. IX. Of the Universities of Italy.

ITaly is the most noble Region of Europe, and is commonly called, its beautiful Garden.

The Italians do maintain, cherish, and honor Scholars, and are good Maecenasses to them. Hence there are so many Universities in Italy, as Rome, Venice, Padua, Bononia, Ferrara, Milan, Pavia, Turim, Florence, Pisa, Sienna, Medena, Naples, Salern.

Here flourished the famous Orators, Cicero, Hortensius and Antonius; the renowned Historians Livy, Tacitus and Salust; the memorable Poets, Virgil, Ovid, Catullus, Tibullus and Propertius; Plautus and Terence the Comedians; the Satyrists, Hor • ce, Juvenal and Persius, Aeneas Silvius afterwards Pope Pius the 2 ^d , Marsilius Patavinus, Petrarch, Angelus Politianus, Rodolphus Volaterranus, Picus Mirandula, Guido Bonatus, Ariosto and Tasso, Sixtus Senensis, Bellarmine, Baronius, were Italians.

Rome.

It was so named from Romulus who laid thereof the first foundation.

Nauclerus writeth, that Urbane the 4 ^th of that name, being Pope, was much grieved to see the course of Studies in the Roman Academy intermitted, and all good discipline neglected: wherefore immediately he caused to be sent for that famous and most learned Clerk Thomas of Aquine, to direct and govern it, who setting aside all care and respect of worldly promotion, applied his mind wholly to reform, restore and adorn the same: during which time, at the Popes entreaty he did write many excellent Commentaries upon divine and human Philosophy. Pope Innocent the 4 ^th ratified this University. Pope Clement the 5 ^th in a Council held at Vienna, ordained, That at Rome, or wheresoever the Pope in person should be resident, the Hebrew, Chaldee and Arabic tongues should publicly be taught. Pope Eugenius the 4 ^th much adorned this Academy.

Pope Nicholas the 5 ^th , being himself a learned Prelate, highly favoring all learned men, did more labor in repairing and beautifying this glorious Academy then any of his Predecessors.

Pope Leo the 10 ^th exhibited liberal pensions to several learned men, which by their pains and industry upheld the glory of this renowned Academy. He sent into Turkey for John Lascaris, who robbing all the Heathen Universities of their best and worthiest Authors, did therewith plentifully furnish and adorn the Roman Libraries.

Sixtus the 4 ^th built in the Vaticane that famous and renowned Library, called Palatina.

Venice.

Italy is the face of Europe, Venice the eye of Italy.

Georgius Fabricius in itinere suo Romano, hath these verses of it.

          Urbs Venetum foecunda viris vener anda Senate
          
           •
          
          ,
         
          Pro portis illi est Nereus, pro moenibus aequor.
         
          Unum collectum mundum miramur in urbem,
         
          Quicquid habet tellus, aequora quicquid habent.

Many men excellently learned in Rhetoric, Philosophy and Theology, have there flourished and professed.

Johannes Rovennas taught in Venice, from whom issued many excellent wits, which restored Schools and Discipline.

After the Latin Tongue was again restored, Immanuel Chrysoloras began to teach the Greek.

Many other singular Scholars have taught and lived in this City, as Hermolaus Barbarus, Guarinus Varonensis, Leonardus Iustinianus, Anthonius Mancinellus, John Baptista Egnatius, Caelius Secundus Curi • , Peter Bembus, Gaspar Contarenus, Aldus Manutius, and Paulus his son.

Bessarion Cardinal of Rome and Patriarch of Constantinople, bestowed 30000 Crowns on a Library, which he caused to be erected in Venice, which afterward the Dukes thereof exceedingly augmented and adorned.

Petrus de Assasio, Master Bartholus the famous Civil Lawyer built in this Academy Collegium pietatis, for the education of poor men's children, and such Orphans, as should happen in the street at any time to be taken up.

Padua.

This City is famous for Livy a most eloquent and wise writer, who hath written the History of the people of Rome in fourteen Decads. The City itself,

          —Doctiloquis sedes aptissima Musis,
          
          Magna loco, spaciosa foro, placidissima coeli
         
          Temperie, muróque triplex latissima fossis,
         
          Et magnis celebrata viris.

The University was established anno 1220. It is famous for Physicians, who have here a Garden of Simples.

Leander writeth, that in Padua is a free and public Academy, wherein all Studies and Sciences universally are professed: erected by Frederick the 2 ^d in contempt of the Bononian Students.

There is no City in Italy, which for beauty and stateliness of Edifices, may with this place worthily be paragomed.

Patavinus a minorite Frier, who wrote so learnedly in behalf of the Emperor against the Pope, and Francis Zaborella the Civilian, Maginus the Geographer, and divers others lived here.

Bononia.

It is the chief University of Italy, and the retiring place of the Popes.

This University was first founded (say some) when Theodosius swayed the Scepter of the Roman Empire, though others doubt of it.

Pope Gregory the 9 ^th , Pope Boniface the 8 ^th , and Pope John the 23. writing sundry learned Treatises, did dedicate them all to this University.

Pope Clement the 5 ^th in a Council held at Vienna, decreed, That besides the study of all the liberal Arts, the Hebrew, Arabic and Chaldean Languages should be there publicly taught.

The Civil Law is much studied here, insomuch that from hence proceeded the famous Civilians.

Johannes Andreas professed in this Academy the Law with great fame and estimation.

Azo that bright shining lamp of Learning was here also a public Professor of the Civil Law.

Io. Antonius Maginus was public Professor of the Mathematics.

Here also taught Bartholus and Accursius.

Of the learned Divines, Philosophers, Lawyers, both of the Civil and Canon-Law, Orators and Poets, the learned Physicians, Historians, Musicians, Arithmeticians of Bononia, See Leand. Albert. Descript. Ital. in Roma, pag. 514, 515, 516.

Ferrara.

Volateranus writeth that Salicet was in the year of Christ's Nativity 1316. sent for by Albertus Duke of Ferrara, to institute a common School in this City, which was afterward confirmed and privileged by Pope Boniface the eighth, and exceedingly augmented by the bounty and liberality of the succeeding Princes of Este.

Sundry learned Writers have proceeded from this Academy, as Felinus Sammaeus, the Interpreter of the Canon-Law, Andraeas Alciatus, Theodorus Gaza, Alexander Guarinus, Caelus Calcanimus, to whom Rhodiginus dedicated his book of four and twenty ancient readings, Baptista Gnavinus, and Nocholaus Leonicenus, Peter Bembus his master, Johannes Manardus, Lilius Gyraldus, Alexander Sardus, Angelus Aretinus the famous Lawyer.

Milan.

This City is one of the greatest of Europe, it is seven miles in circuit.

It hath by long and ancient custom enjoyed a free and public University.

It was very famous in Virgil's time, who studied there, as some write.

Demetrius Cydonius born in Thessalonica, forsaking his native Country, came to Milan, where he studied first the Latin Tongue, and afterward Divinity, during which time he translated the books of Thomas of Aquine into Greek.

The great ornaments of Milan were Ambrose, Hermolans Barbarus, Caelius Rhodiginus, and Jerome Cardane, that great Mathematician and learned Doctor of Physic, and Alciate.

Pavia, or Papia.

It is so called from its great affection to the Popes, seated on the River Ticinus. It was anciently called Ticinum.

The University there is thought to have been erected by Charles the Great, not long after Paris: for this Emperor zealously affecting the propagation of Christian Religion, sent unto this City one of those Priests, which came to him into France out of England, from venerable Bede, crying out in all places, that they carried about them wisdom to sell, at which time began first the Institution of this Academy.

In this place did Baldus read his latest Lectures, for he died, and was buried in the Covent of the Friers minorites.

Turin a City of Piemont.

A goodly University was here erected by the Dukes of Savoy, which excelled all other Italian Academies, for their perfection in Typography, or the Art of Printing. Erasmus Roterodamus did in this University proceed Doctor of Divinity, where he after became a public Professor of the same.

Florence in Hetruria, or Tuscia flos urbium Italicarum.

It exceeds all the Italian Cities in beauty.

Cosmo de Medices erected here an Univesity. He caused to be sent for into Florence Argyrophilus a Grecian born, and at that time in the studies of Rhetoric and Philosophy singularly learned, to the end that the youth of Florence might by him be instructed in the Greek Tongue, and the Liberal Sciences. He entertained also in his house Marcilius Ficinus a Platonic Philosopher, him he entirely loved.

This Academy was afterward by Lawrance De Medices his sons son, finished and brought to a full, absolute and flourishing perfection. This Laurence was a great lover of good Letters, he held Marsilius Ficinus (whom his grandfather had caused to come to Florence ) in great esteem. He nourished in his house that excellent Scholar Angelus Politianus, who in his youth did first make the Grecian Poet Homer speak in the Latin Tongue.

He entertained with liberal pensions and exhibitions, Demetrius Chalcondylas, Picus Mirandula, and sundry others, much renowned for their singular learning. Pope Paulus the third, although he daily heard in the Roman Academy, Pomponius Laetus, a man excellently learned, yet was he exceedingly desirous to study in the Florentine University, because the Greek and Latin Tongues, together with the other Arts, were there professed with greatest sincerity and profoundnesse. This Prince much augmented, and with great cost adorned the Library which his Grandfather Cosmus had erected near the Temple of S ^t Mark: from whence of late time have been brought to light many excellent books, which long have lain obscured, and were to be found in no other place of Christendom, as Eusebius Caesariensis, Hierocles, and the works of Clemens Alexandrinus, and others.

Another Library was in this City erected at S ^t Laurence his Church, by Pope Clement the seventh.

Pisa.

A University was erected here about the year 1339.

Not long after it began exceedingly to flourish, as appeareth by the many grave and reverend Doctors, which therein received their instruction and education, viz. Pope Eugenius the 3 ^d . Also Raimerus and Bartholomeus, two deep and profound Scholars of the Order of the Friers Predicants, whereof the one did write that egregious work of Pantheology: the other set forth The Sum of Cases of Conscience.

There have been learned Professors in this University, Felinus Sandaeus, Franciscus Aretinus, who was held to be the most judicious Civil Lawyer of his time.

Bartholus after be had proceeded in Bononia, did in the Pisan Academy (as himself confesseth) publicly profess the Civil-Law, Cosmo de Medices restored again this Academy, which in his time was exceedingly decayed.

After him Laurence his Nephew so much adorned and augmented the same, that Volaterranus and Machiavel name him as the first Founder and Erector thereof.

Sienna.

There is a fair Church here of Marble, in which are the pictures of all the Popes from Peter, and also of Pope John, till Baronius caused it to be pulled down.

An University was here long since erected, as appeareth by the authentic testimony of sundry learned Historiographers.

Petrus Ancoranus confesseth, that himself being sent for by the Council of Sienna, in the year 1357. did in this University three years publicly profess the Civil-Law.

In the time of Pope John the second all manner of studies exceedingly flourished there.

Panormitanus, Paulus Castrensis, Bartholomeus, Socinus, Philippus Decius, Hngo Senensis, and many others of great learning, did adorn this renowned Academy.

In this City was born Aeneas Silvius, who afterward was Pope Pius the 2 ^d , by whose bounty and benevolence this Academy was adorned with many privileges. Francis Picolominy, after Pope Pius the 3 ^d , and Sixtus hence surnamed Senensis the greatest Scholar of the three, if not of all the age he lived in.

There is a College in it called Domus Sapientiae.

Modena.

When this City was erected, or by whom the University was privileged, Authors mention not.

Naples.

It is a magnificent and neat City. Philip King of Spain was born there, Virgil the Prince of Poets lived there, Livy, Horace, Claudian, Francis Petrarch, Panormitane, Laurentius Valla, Blondus, Bartholomaeus Facius, Nicolaus Saguntinus, all most excellent men, many of them Divines and Philosophers. Here Lucilius the Poet, and Thomas Aquinas flourished.

Salern.

This flourished heretofore in the studies of Physic, being consulted by Richard the first King of England when he went to the Holy War, they wrote a good book of preserving health,

          Anglorum Regi scribit Schola tota Salerni:
         
          Si vis incolumem, si vis te reddere sanum,
         
          Curas tolle graves, irasci erede profanum
         
          Parce mer
          
           •
          
          , coenato parum, non sit tibi vanum,
         
          Surgere post epulas, somnum fuge meridianum.
         
          Nec mictum retine, nec comprime fortiter annum.
         
          Haec been si serves, tu longo tempore vives.

By degrees also other Arts were here taught, although now by the injury of time, and by the splendor of other near Academies it be almost obscured.

CHAP. X. Of the Universities of France.

FRance is famous for Corn Wine and Salt.

It hath bred many learned men, Prosper of Aquitain, Irenaeus the renowned Bishop of Lions, Cassianus, Bernard Abbot of Clarevalle, Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris, John Gerson Chancellor of that University.

Ausonius the Poet, Hottoman and Gotfredus the Civilians, Duarenus the Canonist, Barn. Brissonius the great Antiquary, Isaac Casaubon that renowned Philologer, Budaeus that great Master of the Greek Language, Thuanus the Historian, Laurentius the Anatomist.

Of later time,

Claudius Espencaeus a Sorbon Doctor, Cardinal Peron, Genebrard the Historian, Petavius.

For Protestants, Calvin, Beza, Farel, Viret, Danaus, Peter du Moulin, Fr. Junius, Chamier, Philip de Mornay Lord of Phessis. Daille.

Some reckon up sixteen Universities in France, some more.

Paris, Poitiers, Lions, Angiers, Avignon, Orleans, Bourges, Cane, Reims, Burdeaux, Toulouse, Nismes, Mompellier, Bisanson, Dole, Nantes, Grenoble, Valens, Avenion, and Massils, which is the ancientest of them all, and founded by the Grecians.

In the Province of the Gauls there was a particular Country called Parisium, in which Julius Caesar in his Commentaries of the wars made with the Gauls, speaking of it, calls it Lutetiam Parisiorum, meaning that this Town was set on Parisium. Pasquier Recherch. de la France l. 9. c. 2.

Paris.

Paris (the Metropolis) is the first and most ancient University of France.

L'Academie de Paris estant, taunt pour son antiquite, pour le number d'escholiers, que pour l'opinion de doctrine, la premiere de toutes les universitez qui estoyent au monde. Preface D ' Antoine Du Verdier Sur Sa Bibliotheque.

It was called Lutetia from lutum, which signifies dirt, because it abounded with dirt and mire, and the French have a Proverb, That a thing stains like the dirt of Paris, Il gaste comme la fange de Paris.

The Emperor Charles the Great did institute this famous University at the earnest suite and instigation of Alcuinus, whose Scholar he had been in the year of Salvation almost 791. so Ramus and Middendorpe, Parisiensis, Patavina, & Ticinensis Academiae Carolum magnum parentem suum appellant Papyr. Masson. Annal. l. 2.

Utcunque se res habeat satis constat Anglos primos Lutetiae bonas arts docuisse. Polyd. Verg. Hist. Anglic. l. 5.

Pasquier de Recherches de la France. lib. 9. cap. 4. seems to deny that Charles the Great was the founder of this University, and in the 5 ^th and 6 ^th Chapters of that Book, he shows his own opinion about it.

He saith there ( lib. 3. cap. 29.) that Peter Lombard laid the first stone of the University of Paris.

The Kings of France have beautified it from time to time with many sumptuous edifices, adorned it with many high and noble privileges, and endued it with many rich and princely revenues.

Some speak of a hundred Colleges there built all of costly marble-stone, for the use of Students.

Others mention but fifty four or fifty two Colleges, whereof forty are of little use, and in the rest the Students live at their own charges, there being no indowment laid unto any of them, except those two, the Sorbonne, and the College of Navarre.

1. That of the Sorbonists.

The King S ^t Lewis by the counsel of Robert of Sorbonne (which took his surname, as they say, from the place of his Nativity) his Almoner and Confessor, resolved to erect a College of Divines, which retains the name of Sorbonne. The most famous Doctors in Divinity have studied in this College. The Pope Clement the 4 ^th confirmed the foundation of this College.

He that answers there continueth from morning to night.

II. The College of Navarre was founded by John Queen of France and Navar in the year of Grace 1304. She enriched likewise this College with an excellent Library.

The greatest part of the young Princes, Lord's and Gentlemen in France are customarily nourished and instructed in this College rather then another, as well for its pleasant situation and neatness, as because of its royal foundation.

Petrus de Aliaco Chancellor of Paris hath bestowed so much on this College, that he is esteemed as a second Founder.

Francis of Valois King of France, anno Dom. 1530. did send for sundry learned Professors of the Greek and Hebrew Tongues, unto whom he allowed liberal exhibitions, unto which he added afterward (being moved thereunto by the counsel and persuasions of William Budie and John Bellay, two singularly learned men) the profession of Physic, Philosophy, and the Mathematics, See Pasquiers Recherches de la France l. 9. c. 2.

Dionysius Areopagita first taught in this City the principles of Religion.

Clodoveus primus religionem Christianam in Franco Gallorum principatu fundavit. Thuanus Hist. Tom. 3. l. 73.

The Kings Readers and Professors in the Greek Tongue in the University of Paris from the year 1529.

Petrus Danesius, Johannes Auratus, Jacobus Tusanus, Petrus Gallandius, Adrianus Turnebus, Dionysius Lambinus, Ludovicus Regis, Georgius Critonus Scotus Natione, Nicolaus Borbonius, and others.

The Kings Readers and Professors in the Hebrew Tongue in Paris from the year 1529.

Franciscus Vatablus, Johannes Mercerus, Gilberius Genebrardus, Agathius Guidacorius, Rodolphus Baynus Anglus, Johannes Quinquarboreus, Franciscus Iordanus, Petrus Victor Palma Cajetan, and others.

The Kings Readers and Professors in the Mathematics in Paeris from the year 1533.

Orontius Fineus, Johannes Merlierus, Gulielmus Postellus, Johannes Pena, Ramus his Scholar, Petrus Forcadellus, Johannes Bullingerus.

The Kings Readers and Professors in the Latin Tongue, or Eloquence in Paris from the year 1534.

Bartholomaeus Latomus, Leodegarius de Quercu, Frederieus Morellus, Johannes Passeratius, Theodorus Marcilius.

The Kings Readers and Professors in Philosophy in Paris from the year 1562.

Franciscus Vicomeratus an Italian, and a great Philosopher, Petrus Ramus, Jacobus Marius, and others.

The Kings Readers and Professors in Physic in Paris from the year 1543.

Vidus Vidius, Jacobus Silvius, Jacobus Goupylus, Ludovicus Duretus, Johannes Duretus, Johannes Faber, Johannes Riolanus, Master to Sir Theodore Miram, Claudius Carolus.

Poitiers, Pictavia.

Poitiers is the Metropolis of the Earldom of Poitou, for Antiquity, not inferior to any Town of France, second to Paris, only in greatness, power and majesty.

In this City hath long flourished a most learned University, for the Civil-Law chiefly, of great fame and authority in degree and preeminence next to Paris.

Scaliger in his Cities thus speaks of it,

          Si studium est animae: veniunt à corpore vires;
         
          Galliaque à meritis poscit utrumque sibi:
         
          Hac studiis, aliae belli exercentur amore.
         
          Pictavium est animus, caetera corpus erunt.

It was erected under Charles the 7 ^th King of France, and confirmed by Pope Eugenius the 4 ^th .

We read in the Ecclesiastical Histories, that S ^t Hilary called the Apostle of Aquitaine, first revealed unto this people the light of the Gospel, and became the first Bishop of Poitiers, his excellent writings sufficiently testify his singular wisdom and learning.

Johannes E • pnion and Christophorus Longolius were Professors here.

Lions.

The Arms of the City are a Lion, whence the name of the City in French Lyon.

In this City flourished an Academy of great fame and celebrity, which hath sent forth into the world many excellent men, renowned for their great learning and holiness of life, as Irenaeus and Eu • herius both Archbishops of Lions.

This City is famous for John Waldus learned in the Scriptures, who opposed the Pope and his Doctrine, whence the Waldenses called by some Pauperes De Lugduno, the poor men of Lions.

It was a Colony of the Romans. They erected a University here near the Church, and consecrated it to Minerva, Eloquence was chiefly adorned, and the youth was much exercised in learning it.

Palleat, ut nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem,

Aut Lugdunensem rhetor dicturus ad aram. Juv. Sat.

Angiers.

It is the Metropolis of the Dukedom of Aniou.

A public University was in this City erected by Lewis the second about that time that Rupertus Phaltsgrave of Rheine founded Heidelburg in Germany, which was about the year 1346. Others will have it to be founded in the year 1362. at which time Casimire erected Cracon in Polonia.

It flourisheth in the study of the Latin especially.

Henry Valoise Duke of Aniou, brother to King Charles the ninth, not long since with much industrious care, labored to augment and restore the same: the which good work that he might the better perform, he with great munificence invited thither sundry excellently learned Scholars: amongst the which was Francis Baldwin, who therein to his everlasting memory did establish the profession of the Civil-Law.

Bodine came out of this University.

Avignon.

I is an ancient City of Prouuence, situated on the bank of Rhodanus, wherein is an University of long continuance.

Pope John the 22. transferred the Apostolic seat from Rome unto this City, after whom it remained there 74 years, or thereabout.

The City and Church of Avignon are at this day immediately subjected to the Popes of Rome, who first became Lord's thereof, by means of a certain Neapolitane Queen, who being indebted to the Church of Rome, resigned this City to the Bishops thereof, and his Successors forever.

Paulus Castrensis a Lawyer, by sundry learned works he wrote, much ennobled this University.

Andreas Alciatus coming into France was hired (as himself in an Oration he made to the Scholars of Tycinum confesseth) for six hundred Crowns to be a public Reader in this University. He taught the Law here.

Orleans.

It is a rich and plentiful City placed on the bank of the River Loire.

Some ancient Historiographers write, that the foundation of this City was laid by Aurelian the Emperor, in the year 276. and from him was called Aurelia, which name unto this day it retaineth. Others say, it was only enlarged by him.

In this City was erected an University by Philip le Beau King of France, in the year from our Savior's Nativity 1312. wherein the Civil-Law is with such learning and admiration professed, that this Academy hath been often of grave and learned Writers, entitled the nurse or mother thereof. It enjoyeth the same privilege with Toulouse.

The Maidens here especially labor to adorn the French Tongue, and they strive so to excel in it with an emulation, that they boast that they imitate Pindar.

Bourges.

It is a City in France of great fame, rich, spacious, and much frequented.

Some say, it was called Byturus quasi Bituris, from two ancient Towers, which they affirm to have been in this City erected by two brethren, which there together reigned.

Turribus à binis inde vocor Bituris.

In this City is a most glorious University, and so much admired of all learned Authors, that whensoever they have occasion to write thereof, they call it, The ornament of Letters, and habitation of the Muses. It was many years since founded by a certain Duke of Burgess, but after in continuance of time falling to decay, and being almost utterly extinct, it was again restored by sundry Kings of France. It was authorized and endued with many great privileges and high prerogatives by Pope Paulus the 2 ^d of that name.

Here Alciate, Rebuffus, Duarenus, Hotoman, Bonellus and Cuiacius (famous Lawyers) lived and taught with great applause.

Cane.

An University was erected at Cane in Normandy, upon this occasion. Henry the 5 ^th King of England, who subdued the Kingdom of France, and left the title to his posterity after many great and glorious Conquests achieved against the French King, he at last bereaved him of Normandy, in the year 1418. In token and memory of which victory, as an eternal Trophy and Monument of his glory, he caused to be laid in Cane the foundation of this University.

The Archbishop of Dublin was the first Reader of Divinity there.

Here now lives Bochart the learned French Divine.

Reims.

It is a goodly City, and the Metropolis of Champaigne, wherein not long since was erected an University by the Prince Charles Guise, Cardinal of Lorain, Archbishop and Duke of Reims, whose glory and renown daily more and more increaseth, by reason of the Arts so learnedly there professed.

S. Remigius was Bishop of this City, a man of holy conversation, and excellently learned, as it evidently appeareth by the Commentaries which he wrote upon the Old and New Testament. He baptized Clodovaeus a mighty and puissant King of France, together with Cho • isdis his wife, daughter to the King of Burgundy, he died in the year 498.

The French Kings are anointed at Reims with the oil wherewith S ^t Remigius had anointed Clodoveus the first Christian King of France.

Burdeaux.

It is the head City of Aquitane.

In this City hath long flourished a most renowned University commonly called the School of Aquitaine, where the Arts are publicly taught and professed.

Here Ausonius that famous Poet was born and educated.

Toulouse.

Pope John the 22 was the first Institutor of the University therein, which as it was erected not long after Paris, so doth it enjoy the same privileges that heretofore have been granted to Paris.

There was said in times past to have been in this City a Temple, wherein were commonly reserved in secret vaults and dungeons under ground, as Possidonius saith, 15000 talents of gold, which if any man had taken, he shortly after came to some unfortunate end: From whence proceedeth the Proverb, applied commonly to those whose attempts are ever unfortunate and without success, Aurum habet Tolosanum.

Nismes.

It is called by Ptolemy, Pomponias Mela; Strabo and others, Nema • sus; it is an ancient City in Dolphine, wherein was lately erected an University.

Mompelliers.

A City in D • lphiny not far distant from the Mediteranian sea.

An University was therein erected (as some Writers affirm) in the year of our Lord 1196. which afterward was endued with many privileges by Pope Urban the fifth, who laid the foundation of a goodly house called Popes College.

There have famous Physicians proceeded out of Paris, and this University.

Bisanson.

It is the Metropolis of Burgandy.

In the year of salvation 1540. by the authority of Pope Julius the 3 ^d , and the Emperor Charles the 5 ^th a new University was therein erected, which hath exceedingly since flourished.

Dole.

This is also a City in Burgundy, very strong and opulent.

An University is therein of great continuance, wherein among many other sciences the Civil Law is most Learnedly read and professed.

Carolus Molinaeus here publicly taught the Law.

Geneva.

It is a famous Town in Savoy of yery great Antiquity.

The situation of it is pleasant and the Country fertile.

There is a Library of ancient and rare Books, the French Bible translated 300 years since.

The inhabitants generally are addicted to the more pure and Reformed Religion, thence it is the refuge and asylum of the afflicted exiles of Christ.

For the Politick Government, this Common-wealth is free from all Dominion, and it obtained this liberty from Charles the 4 ^th Emperor.

There have been many Learned men here, Peter Viret. William Farel, John Calvin, Antony Sadeel, Petrus Cevallerias, Cornelius Bertram, Bucane, Theodore Beza, Simon Goularti • s, Antonias Faius, John Deode •• Professor of Divinity and the Hebrew Tongue, Isaac Casaubone the Kings Professor for the Greek.

CHAP. XI. Of the Universities of Polonia, Prussia and Lituania, Bohemia and Moravia.

Craconia.

IT is the Metropolis of Polonia.

An Academy was instituted in this City by Casemire the second, in the year of salvation 1361. which afterward, viz. in the year 1400. was by Uladislaus, at the instant intercession of Hedvigis his Queen ratified and confirmed with the Popes authority.

The University is not in the principal City, but in that part which lieth on the other side of the river, and is named from the first Founder thereof Cazimira: Therein are two goodly Colleges, in the one is professed Philosophy and Divinity, in the other Physic and the Civil Law; the other inferior studies are there also learnedly taught with great diligence of the Readers.

Posnania.

An University was erected in Posne of late years by Sigismond the King of that Nation, and confirmed by Pope Clement the eight.

The Jesuits enjoy therein a goodly College, wherein they profess Theology, Philosophy, and the other inferior studies.

Koningsperge.

Mons Regius, commonly called Koningsperge, is the Metropolis of the great Dukedom of Prussia.

Albertus Marquess of Brandeburg first erected in Konningsperge the University which hath ever since, even until this present time, continually flourished.

Vilna,

Commonly called the Wilde, is a large and apulent City in the great Dukedom of Lithuania, whereof it is the Metropolis.

Near unto the Church of S ^t John the Baptist, was lately erected a goodly and spacious College, possessed by the Jesuits.

The Universities of Bohemia and Moravia.

Prague.

It is a renowned City, lying in the center of Bohemia.

This School by reason of the access of Germans thither, grew to be exceedingly frequented, and so flourished until the springing up of Wieliffe. Not long after him arose amongst them Jerome of Prague, and John Hus, so named from a little Village wherein he was born called Hiss, which in the Bohemian Language signifieth a Goose.

Olmuts.

It is a fair and ample City▪ in Moravia, now annexed to the Crown of Bohemia.

The University there seems to have been erected lately since the coming thither of the Jesuits, for whom there was built a magnificent and sumptuous College at the Popes charges.

CHAP. XII. Of the Universities of Spain.

MUnster reckons up these as the principal Learned men in Spain, which are well known and famous elsewhere, Fulgentius, Isidore Archbishop of Sivill, Paulus Orosius, Paulus Burgensis, King Alphonsus, Columella, Higinius, Sedulius the Poet, Ludovicus Vives the Orator, Quintilian the Rhetorician, Seneca the Orator, Pomponius Mela, Raymundus Lullus, Justin the Historiographer; and among the Jews and Saracens, Ibn Ezra, David and Moses Kimchi, Avicenna, Averroes, Rasis, Mesalac, Albumazar, and many others.

Mercator in his Atlas, saith the Academies or Universities in Spain, are about twenty two.

Munster saith there are seven famous Universities in Spain, viz. Salamanca, Complute, Colimbria, Pinciaria, Toledo, Sanguntum, Osten, and Ilerden.

Toledo.

In this City was the University first erected by a certain Bishop of the same Sea, and was afterward confirmed by the privileges of many Popes and Kings of Spain.

The chief sciences therein professed are the Canon and Civil Law.

The Archbishop of this City is Chancellor of Castile, Metropolitan and chief of all the Ecclesiastical persons in Spain, the revenues of this Church amounteth to the sum of 200000 Duckats, whereof the Archbishop receiveth 80000.

Siville.

It excelleth all other Cities of Spain in fertility of the soil, which bringeth forth all kinds of Grain, and Olives in great abundance, and is environed with green and fruitful trees.

The Archbishop of Sivill is in degree next unto him of Toledo, he receiveth yearly out of the Church revenues 24000. Duckats.

The University herein is of great antiquity, and hath sent forth into the world many Learned and excellent men, as Pope Sylvester the 2 ^d , Avicen a profound Philosopher, and most excellently Learned Physician, and Leander, who by their industry and wisdom, reclaimed Hermigild, and Richard, Kings of the Goths from Arianism to the Catholic faith, herein also flourished Isidorus, a man much renowned for sincerity and profoundness in Learning.

In this University is a rich and most renowned Library, near to the Friars Predicants.

Valentia.

In this City is an University, which in the year of grace 1470. did wonderfully flourish. Herein Dominic the first Founder of the Friers Predicants, did absolve the courses of Philosophy and Theology.

In this Country are made those Porceline dishes, which for pure temper of the metal, and exquisite workmanship, are so much desired in foreign Nations.

Granada.

By the great bounty and liberality of the King of Spain in this City, was Founded and erected a most sumptuous and magnificent College to the use of the Jesuits, who are authorized therein to profess Philosophy, Divinity, and other inferior studies.

In this place had that mirror of Christendom Louis of Granada his birth and education.

Compostella.

An University and Archbishops See, vulgarly called S ^t Iago, in honor of S ^t James, whom they pretend to be buried here, and of whom there is an Order of Knights.

The Emperor Charles the great Founded herein a goodly College, now Governed after the rule of Isidore.

Valladolit.

It was wont to be numbered among the seven most ancient Universities of Spain.

King Philip late deceased, because he was born there, did restore unto it the ancient Privileges thereto belonging, and did his uttermost endeavors to raise it to his former dignity. He hath lately erected a College there for the Institution of young English Gentlemen, which have abandoned their Country.

Complute.

Among many great and goodly Cities in Spain, Complute, which of the Spaniard is commonly called Alcala de Henores, is not the meanest.

An University was herein erected by an Archbishop of Toledo, named Franciscus Ximenes, who was by profession a Franciscan Frier, in the year 1317.

There is Collegium Complutense Philosophicum: disputations upon Aristotle's Logic and natural Philosophy.

Salamanca.

Some say this University was first founded in the year of Christ's incarnation 1404. many Kings and Popes have granted divers privileges to it.

Pope Clement the 5 ^th in a Council held at Vienna, made a Decree, that the Hebrew, Arabic and Chaldee tongues should in this Academy be continually taught.

Ignatius Loyola first Founder of the society of the Jesuits, was in this University a Student.

The famous Didacus Covarruvias professed the Canon Law here. Franciscus à Victoria was Professor of Divinity here.

Dominicus à So • o, l. 1. de Iustitia & jure, calls it his University.

Saragossa.

In this ancient City the Kings of Aragon are usually accustomed to be Crowned.

By Pope John the 22 ^d , the privileges of this University were restored and ratified.

Signenca.

Little is said in Authors concerning the Foundation of this University or donation of privileges thereto.

Lerida.

In this City flourisheth an Academy of great Antiquity, wherein Pope Calixtus the 3 ^d , before he obtained the Papacy, proceeded Doctor of either Law, who afterward became a public Professor of the Civil Law in the same place.

Also Vincent a Dominican Frier was there made Doctor of Divinity.

Huesca, Osca or Isca.

It is a goodly City of Aragon, containing an University of great Antiquity, which is said to have been erected before the coming of Christ, as a Nursery for the Institution of Noble men's children.

Lisbone.

It is the Metropolis of Portugal.

A most renowned University was by the bounty of their Kings erected in this City, where even until this day the liberal Sciences are professed with great profoundness, to the incredible benefit of Christendom.

Conimbra.

It is a most pleasant and goodly City in Portugal.

An University was therein Founded in these later days, by John the 2 ^d , King of Portugal.

Jacobus Payva Andradius studied in this University.

There is Collegium Conimbricense upon a good part of Aristotle, his Logic and Physicks.

Evora.

It is another famous City of Portugal.

An University was herein lately erected by Henry Cardinal of Portugal, who was Bishop of that place. He was a man endued with abundant wealth, and exceedingly affected to the Muses.

Majorica.

In this City is an ancient privileged and authorized University, where the Arts generally are publicly with great Learning professed.

Among the Students of this Academy, the memory of Raymundus Lullius is with great admiration retained, because he received therein his birth and education: in so much, that even until this present time, a Learned man is there with liberal exhibition entertained to maintain and teach the doctrine professed by Lullius in times past.

CHAP. XIII. Of the Universities of England.

BRittain (which comprehends England and Scotland ) is the greatest Isleland of Europe; it was in times past called Albion, say some, ab albis montibus primùm ad eam navigantibus apparentibus. See Bish. Usher De Britain. Eccles. primord.

Some of the chief things for which England is famous, are comprehended in this verse,

Mons, & Fons, & Pons, Ecclesia, Famina, Lana.

England is termed by some, the Paradise of women, the Purgatory of servants, the Hell of horses.

England hath been famous for Learned men, and for her Seminaries of Learning, as well as other things.

Renowned Scholars amongst us.

Alcuinus one of the Founders of the University of Paris, Beda styled Venerabilis, Anselm and Bradwardine Archbishops of Canterbury, Alexander of Hales Tutor to Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventure, John Wiclef.

Since the times of the Reformation, John Jewel Bishop of Salisbury, D ^r John Reynolds and M ^r Richard Hooker, D ^r Whitaker, Bishop Bilson and Andrew's, both Bishops of Winchester, Bishop Montague of Norwich, D ^r John Whitgift.

Papists, D ^r Harding, Nicholas Sanders, and D ^r Thomas Stapleton, Campian and Parsons, and William Rainolds.

For other studies, Lindwood the Canonist, Cosins and Cowell eminent in the study of the Civil Laws, Bracton and Briton of old times Dier and Cook of late days expert in the Laws of England. Johannes de Sacro Bosco the Author of the book of the Sphere, Roger Bacon, a famous Mathematician, Sir Francis Bacon an excellent Philosopher, Sir Thomas More Lord Chancellor, a witty and Learned man, Sir Henry Savill a great Grecian, Sir Henry Spelman a Learned Antiquary, Camden the Pausanias of the British Islands, Sir Thomas Bodlie, Sir Isaac Wake, M ^r Selden, Matthew Paris, Matthew of Westminster, Roger Howden, Henry of Huntingdon, William of Malmesbury and Thomas of Walsingham, all known Historians.

For Poetry, Gower, Chaucer, Spencer, Sir Philip Sidnie, Daniel and Draiton, Beaumont and Fletcher, Ben, Johnson.

As the messenger of Pyrrhus long since called Italy a Conntry of Kings, and Egypt was wont to be called the Country of Physicians; so may this blessed Island of ours justly merit the title of The Region of Divines. D ^r Hals Preface to the married Clergy.

Stupor mundi Clerus Britannieus: whence many outlandish men have learned English, that they might read those Books of our Divines which were printed in our Language.

Joseph Scaliger finds fault with our English men for speaking Latin.

Some think they pronounce the a too little, and the i too big and broad.

Gaius in his Book De pronuntiatione Graecae & Latinae linguae, saith, that he learned by experience that variety of pronuncing did hinder mutual commerce, men's society and understanding of things. He saith, that a Greek Patriarck being at London in the Reign of Edward the 6 ^th , did not understand Sir Thomas Cheeke, nor Sir Thomas him, the Knight using the new kind of pronouncing, the other the old: he adds, pleading for the old and barbarous pronunciation, Quo omnes Graeci ad huc utebantur cum ego essem Venetiis, tum e Cathedra Graecas literas profitendo, tum in templis sacra celebrando. Audiebam enim data opera saepius. At si ego tacerem norit Oxoniensis schola, quemadmodum ipsa Greece pronunciarit, ex Matthaeo Calphurnio Graeco, quem ex Greece Oxonium Graecarum literarum gratia produxerat Thomas Wolsaeus, de bonis literis optime meritus Cardinalis, cum non alia ration pronunciarit ill, quàm qua nos jam profitemur. Id si ita sit, nos Britanni docebimus ipsos Graecos in ipsa Greece oriundos sua verba sonare? suas voces atque literas pronu • tiare? & plus in aliena lingua sapiens quàm ipsa gens atque natio, cui lingua Graeca familiaris atque etiam vulgaris est, & succession temporum continuata, tanquam per manus esse tradita? Nam privata haec pronunciatio paucorum hominum in Britania est, & eorum juvenum, alibi minime recepta gentium.

There are in England many trivial Schools in Towns and Cities: Amongst which the most famous are,

That of Eaton and Westminster, founded by Henry the 6 ^th , Edward the 4 ^th , and Q. Elizabeth, and of Winchester, Schola certe Augusta, ante 200 ampliùs annos erecta, ut adolescentes suavioribus disciplinis imbuti, ad arts Academic • s meliori genio animum intendant. Europaei orbis Academiae.

There are also in London that of Paul's, and Merchant Tailors.

The two Universities of England may equal many beyond Sea.

Ubi tot Academiae quot Collegia, Scultetus de curriculo vitae. Magnae in Collegiis Angliae opes & vectigalia: verbo vobis dicam? unum Oxoniense Collegiam (rem inquisibi) superat vel decem nostra. Lipsi Lovanium l. 3. c. 5.

Most of their Universities ( Paris excepted) being no better then our Colleges of Westminster, Eaton, or Winchester.

Oxford (without controversy) is the more healthful place, and better situated, and the Town and streets (I suppose) larger.

Both Universities are governed by a Vicechancellour and Proctors.

The Heads of the Colleges in Oxford have several Titles, as President, Master, Warden, Provost, Dean, Principal; but in Cambridge they are all styled Masters, except in Kings College, the Head of that House is called the Provost.

The time of Doctors and Masters proceeding yearly or taking their complete degree, is called Commencement in Cambridge, Act in Oxford, for though they be designed before to their degrees, yet they obtain them not actually and completely but in Comitiis.

Oxford Act concludes with a Latin Sermon, so doth not Cambridge.

In our Universities Scholars live in their Colleges, not in the Town, as some where beyound Sea. Heutznerus saith, Vestitus cum Iesuitarum ferme congruit; etenim togis sunt induti longis ad talos usque demissis.

By the Council of Vienna Oxford was reckoned not only among one of the four ancient Universities, but had the second place, Paris, Oxford, Bononia, Salamanca, and, as some think, it may justly challenge the first place, though Coringius in his first Dissertat. Antiq. Academ. and some others think it was a while after Paris.

Ingulphus (who was Secretary to William the Conqueror) saith he lived in Studio Oxoniensi. His words are these, Ego Ingulphus humilis magister S. Guthlaci Monasteriique sui Croilandensis, natus in Anglia, & à parentibus Anglicis, quippe urbis pulcherrimae Londoniarum pro literis addiscendis in teneriori aetate constitutus, primum Westmonasterio, postmodum Oxoniensi studio traditus etiam.

Those Schools of Learning which we call Academies or Universities, that Age termed Studia; that is, Studies. S ^t Jerome termed the Schools of Gaul, Studia florentissima. The name of University was taken up about the time of King Henry the 3 ^d , for a public School.

There are but three Latin Writers (which I have met with) who have written generally de Academiis, Junius, and Middendorpe, and another entitled, Academiarum quae aliquando Fuere & Hodie sunt in Europa, Catalogus & enumeratio brevis.

At the end of Junius his excellent Treatise de Academiis, there is added a brief Catalogue of all the Universities in the Christian world, in which their Country, Names, Original and situation are described out of Ptolemy.

He begins with England, and therein with Oxford, and saith of it, Academia Oxoniensis vulgo Oxford, quam instituit Aluredus, Saxonum Rex, Anno Christi 872. Posteà vero ex multorum Principum & Praes • lum beneficentia, amplissimis structuris, reditibus & privilegiis ornatur: habetque jam Collegia XVI, aulas etiam VIII, singula aedificiorum splendore magnificentissima, ac bonarum literarum artiumque omnium studia florentissima. Cantabrigiensis, vulgo Cambridge, in qua primum Collegium instituit Batsomus, Eli • nsit Episcopus, Anno 1274. Habet jam Collegia XI, Aulas etiam IV, eaque omnia aedificiorum celebritate praestantissima. Habuit etiam ante Scholam publicam pera • gustam (in qua Philosophia, humanio oresque disciplinae tradebantur) à Sigeberto, Estanglorum Rege constitutam, Anno 637.

Yet it is the opinion of some, that the University of Oxford was rather restored then first Founded by King Alfred, Anno 806. after it had been over-born a while by Danish furies.

Middendorp in his 3 ^d Book de Academiis, where he speaks of the Universities of England, saith, Inter harum duarum Academiarum professores gravis & acerba nuper controversia exorta est, dum singuli suam Academiam & antiquiorem prioremque tempore, & praestantiorem existere asseverant, & varias pro sua quisque sententia rations, diversaque argumenta producit, ut difficile sit homini externo, terra ab iis marique disjuncto, suum judicium interponere. But after counsel given to them, to endeavor rather to excel each the other in diligence, faithfulness and wisdom, and not to stand so much upon antiquity, and multitude, or excellency of Colleges, which belong more to the glory of the dead then the living, he concludes at the last thus,

Porro utramque hanc Academiam, veterem quidem atque florentem reperio, Cantabrigiensis tamen, quantum hactenus deprehendere licuit, tempore prior & antiquior est. Ideoque ab ea principium ducam.

But Learned Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus p. 217. saith thus,

Haec ipsa Antiquitatis lis, publico jam nuper totius Regni conventu Parliamentario, ex antiquissimorum Historicorum fide examinata est & determinata, & praecedentia Oxoniensi Universitati communi applausu omniumque suffragiis asserta.

There he also addeth, p. 218.

Johannes Gaius, vir fidei ut in rebus Religiosis, ita in Historicis nullius plane.

He proceeds,

Imo qui inter ipsos istius Scholae antiquitatem acerrime tuentur, non asserunt tantùm, sed & probant indubitatis argumentis Cantabrigiam, Generalem Artium & scientiarum Academiam factam & stabilitam non fuisse, ante vicesimum annum Edwardi tertii (hoc est nudiustertius fere, si Aluredi seculum spectemus) quo Rege intercedente, apud Johannem Pontificem Romanum, Universitatis ibi stabiliendae privilegium iis est concessum ut Petrus de I • kham Monachus Ecclesiae Cantuar. scribit.

Gaius Middendorpii testimonio rem probat: Caii testimonio eandem probat Middendorpius: sic manus manum, & falsarius falsarium fricat. Quin potiùs suam oportet agnoscere ignorantiam, qui de exterorum rebus scribit, quorum res gest as nunquam legerit. Imo Middendorpi (tibi clam in aurem dico) agnosce impudentiam tuam, qui it a confidenter scribis de Academiis, ac si in omnibus aetatem totam vixisses, ita tamen frigide, futiliter, indocte, ac si in nulla unquam vel diem unum posuisses. Wake ibid.

The third who writes of all the Academies of Europe saith,

Ac libens optarim ne digladientur nimis & naenias mittant, qui hanc aut illam Acad • miam contendunt esse antiquiorem. Sint Arcades ambae, utraeque florentes, lucem sole clariorem sibi invicem alternantes.

And after he hath this passage of Cambridge: Haec est illa Academia antiqua, & celebris, quae non modo Oxoniensi florentissimo. Anglorum Gymnasio, sed & aliis Europaei orbis Academiis antiquioribus facile posset adaequari.

He speaks also very honourably of Oxford, and I have cited something out of him to that purpose.

Sir Thomas More saith in an Epistle to the University of Oxford, Cantabrigiae, cui vos praelucere semper consuevistis.

I know one, who is a very competent judge, because a most Learned Bishop, and well versed in antiquities, and also of an University in another Kingdom, who holds Oxford to be the ancienter.

Oxford also hath been famous for Learned Scholars.

Mathematicians and Schoolmen, for the later there is no question, and I shall mention divers of them when I speak of Merton College.

For the first Roger Bacon, Bradwardine, Simon Bredon and Oddington were famous.

The first Professor in Civil Law in England, viz. Vacarius, was of Oxford.

Oxford lies in a Champion plain: It is a fair and goodly City, whether a man respect the seemly beauty of private houses, or the stately magnificence of public buildings, together with the wholesome sight or pleasant prospect thereof.

It is formed in the figure of a Cross, two long streets thwarting one another, each of them near a mile in length, containing in that compass thirteen Parish Churches, and a See Episcopal founded here by King Henry the 8 ^th , Anno 1541.

For the Stateliness of the Schools and public Library and Gallery, the bravery and beauty of particular Colleges, all built of fair and polished stone, the liberal endowment of those houses, and great encouragements of Industry and Learning in the salary of the Professors in most Arts and Sciences, it is (say some) not to be paralleled in the Christian world.

D ^r James hath set out two Catalogues of the public Library in Oxford:

One published in the year 1605, which mentions the Books Alphabetically distinguished, according to the four Faculties.

The other 1620. in which there is only a care had of the Alphabetical order, by this more exact Catalogue one may readily find any Author, and all the Works of that Author uno intuitu.

If the Library be inferior to the Popes Vaticane in sumptuous building, yet in Printed Books, if not in Manuscripts (there being many choice ones given by Sir Thomas Bodlie, and of late by my Lord of Pembroke, and Archbishop Laude, in almost all Languages) it may well contend with it for a Superiority.

Reckon the number of Volumes in the public Library, whereof the greatest part are in Folio, which amount to 11 or 12 thousands of divers Authors, the plurality of Languages, the diversity of Sciences, wherein these Books are written, the condition of the Books whether written or printed, by Protestants or Papists, or any other, the use for six hours every day throughout the whole year, (Sundays and Holydaies excepted) and we shall find that the like Library is nowhere to be found. D ^r James of the Corrupt. of Script. Counc. and Fath. part 5.

In Oxford there are 18 Colleges endowed with Lands, besides 7 Halls, where Students live at their own charges in both of them.

Professors of the Arts and Sciences, as also of Divinity, Law, Physic, and the learned Languages, with Liberall Salaries.

University College, Founded 872.

Alfred or Allured King of the West Saxons, being addicted to Religion and good literature, for the increase and study of Divinity, Philosophy and other Arts, in the 2 ^d year of his reign founded this College, by the name of University College.

George Abbot Archbishop of Canterbury was of this College.

Baliol College, Founded 1262.

John▪ Baliol, born at Bernads Castle in the Bishopric of Durham, (a worthy Warriour to King Henry the 3 ^d in his civil Wars against his Barons) with his wife Dervorgilla, a Lady of Honorable Parentage, Parents of John Baliol King of the Scots, Founded this College, giving thereunto both Lands and Revenews, for the maintenance of a Master, 10 Fellows, and 11 Scholars, which is Recorded to be the first and most anciently endowed College in this University, as some late Historians constantly affirm.

I am Fundatoris imprimis Balioli Regis Scotiae nomen jactat, quasi tum olim Scotia suos Reges Academiae nostrae propitios in Baliolo suo sposponderit, quod in Iacobo nostro jam faeliciter appropinquante praestitit. Wake Rex Plat.

John Wiclefe was of this House.

Wiclefus ill Restaurator Religions cui non notus Baliolensis. Alber. Gent. Laud. Acad. Perusin. & Oxford.

Merton College Founded 1274.

Walter de Merton sometimes L. Chancellor of England, Counselor to King Henry the 3 ^d , and Edward the first Bishop of Rochester, Founded this College by the name of Merton College, endowing it in effect with all the Lands and Revenews which at this present are belonging thereunto, ordaining in the same a Warden, and no definitive number of Fellows.

It may be styled Collegium Scholasticorum, Bacon, Burlie, Occam, Scotus, Bradwardine, Gatisdene, Dumbleton, Nicholas Gorrham, Suitzaeus, great lights of Europe were of this College.

What one College ever yielded at one time and from one Country, three such Divines as Jewel, Reynolds, and Hooker; or two such great Wits and Heroicall spirits, as S ^r Thomas Bodley, and S ^r Henry Savill. D ^r Hackw. Epist. Dedicat. to Oxford before his Apology.

Of this College also were Bishop Carleton, S ^r Isaac Wake the University Orator.

Excester College, Founded 1316.

Walter Stapleton, being descended of Noble Parentage (for his Wisdom, Gravity and Learning, was often employed in Embassages from King Edward the 2 ^d , who made him Bishop of Excester, Lord Treasurer of England, and one of his Privy Council) Founded this College, it was much augmented by Sir William Peter.

D ^r Hakewell Fellow of this House, erected and finished the new Chapel.

D ^r Prideaux was Head of this House.

D ^r Holland was of this House.

Orial College, Founded 1337.

King Edward the 2 ^d erected it, it was so called because it was indeed a work which might beseem a King.

Queens College, Founded 1340.

Robert Eglesfield Bachelor of Divinity, Chaplain to Queen Philippa, wife to King Edward the 3 ^d , founded this College in his own ground by the name of Queens College (commending the Patronage thereof to his Lady the Queen, and to the Queens of England successively) which he endowed with Lands and Revenews.

They are called to Dinner and Supper by the sound of a Trumpet.

Doctor Ayrie (who wrote so well upon the Philippians ) was Provost of this College.

Learned D. Langbane is now the Provost of it, and worthy M. Barlow the Public-Library-Keeper, a Fellow of it.

New College, Founded 1375.

William Wickam principal Secretary to King Edward the 3 ^d , Keeper of the Privy-Seal, Bishop of Winchester, Lord High▪Treasurer, and Chancellor of England, founded this College. He also founded a College at Winchester, wherein he established one Warden, ten Fellows, two Schoolmasters and seventy Scholars, with Officers and servants, which all are maintained at his charge; out of which School he ordained should be chosen the best Scholars always to supply the vacant places of the Fellows of this College.

Thomas Chaundlerus librum de Wiccami vita & rebus gestis sane perelegantem conscripsit Waynfleti 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 .

Wickamus celebratur ab erudito Iurisconsulto Martino.

Of this College was Philpot the famous Martyr, and S ^r Thomas Rives, Bishop Lake, D ^r Twisse and D ^r James.

Lincoln College, Founded 1420.

Richard Fleming Bishop of Lincoln in the eighth year of the reign of King Henry the 5 ^th founded this College by the name of Lincoln College, which was afterward in Richard the thirds time, in the year of our Lord 1479. by Thomas Rotheram Bishop of the same Sea, and Secretary to four Kings, much augmented and increased.

D ^r Kilbie a learned Hebrician was Head of this College, and that learned School-Divine D ^r Sanderson was Fellow of this House.

All-Souls College, 1437.

Henry Chichley Archbishop of Canterbury, laid in Oxford the foundation of two goodly Colleges, this and that of S ^t John's College, the last being reedified by S ^r Thomas White Lord Major of London.

There is Vita Henrici Chichele Descripta ab Arthuro D •• k.

Magdalene College, Founded 1459.

William Wainflet Bishop of Winshester founded first Magdalene▪ Hall, after that this College dedicating the same to the honor of S. Mary Magdalene. He built also a great part of Eaton College, before begun by King Henry the sixth.

Prince Henry was of this College. Claimund and Doctor Bond were Presidents of it.

Braze • -Nose College, Founded 1515.

William Smith Bishop of Lincoln, during the reign of King Henry the 7 ^th laid the foundation of this College. After whose death Richard Sutton Esquire, took upon him to perfect the same, which he accomplished.

Alexander Nowel was of this house, M ^r Bolton, and I think M ^r John Ball.

Corpus Christi College, Founded 1516.

Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester, and Godfather to King Henry the 8 ^th founded this College.

It nourished Jewel, Rainolds, W • tton, Hooker, Cardinal Pool, who was chosen Pope, D ^r Featley, and other learned men.

Christ-Church College, Founded 1546.

Thomas Wolsey Cardinal, Archbishop of York, and Lord high Chancellor of England laid the foundation of a most ample and spacious College, but he falling, his design failed with the Founder.

Henry the eight enriched the same with many goodly revenues, annexing thereunto Canterbury College.

It hath a spacious Court or quadrangle, nay divers, and a Hall both spacious and splendid, wherein is a most beautiful glass Lanthorn, there is also a very fair Kitchen, which only, was finished by the Cardinal, and gave oceasion to that scoff of an outlandish man, Egregium opus (saith he) Cardinalis Collegium incepit, popinam absolvit. Sanna vix e coquina deprompta adeo sale caret▪ saith Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus.

Peter Martyr was once Prebend of this College, as his own Epistles show, He writes thus, Amico cuidam in Anglia, Ego cum essem Oxonii vestibus illis albis in Choro nunquam uti volui, quamvis essem Canonicus, mei facti ratio mihi constabat.

Toby Matthew Archbishop of York was of this House, and M ^r Burton who wrote of Melancholy, upon whose Tomb there is this witty Epitaph,

           Paucis notus, paucioribus ignotus
          
           Hic jacet Democritus Junior
          
           Cui vitam pariter & mortem
          
           Dedit Melancholia.

Trinity College, Founded 1556.

Sir Thomas Pope Knight founded this College in the fourth year of the Reign of King Philip and Qu. Mary, dedicating the same to the Trinity.

S ^t John's College, Founded 1557.

Henry Chichley Doctor of the Civil-Law Archbishop of Canterbury, among other building, laid the foundation of this Fabric; it was enlarged by William Laud Archbishop of Canterbury.

Jesus College, Founded 1572.

Hugh Prise Doctor of the Civil Law founded this College, it was perfected by Queen Elizabeth; it hath had many other Benefactors.

Wadham College, Founded 1613.

Nicholas Wadham Esquire in the seventh year of the reign of King James founded it.

Pembrok College, Founded 1620.

It was first Broadgate-Hall, but was called Pembroke College from William Earl of Pembroke, then Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and Visitor of that Hall.

There are also in this University seven Hals, in which there are many Students living at their own charge, viz.

Gloucester-Hall.

Which being first built for Monks, was after converted to a House for Scholars, by Sir Thomas White Knight.

Edmund Hall.

It was built by S. Edmund Archbishop of Canterbury.

Albon Hall.

It was built by the Abbot of S ^t Albons, for their Monks to study in.

Hart Hall.

It was built by Walter Stapleton Bishop of Excester.

M ^r Selden was of this House.

New Inn.

Heretofore it was called Turlocks Inn.

S ^t Mary Hall.

It was founded by King Edward the second.

Sir Thomas More Chancellor of England was of this Hall. Cardinal Allen was principal of it about the same time.

Magdalene Hall.

It was founded by William Wainfleet Bishop of Winchester, and D ^r Budden who writes his life and death, calls it Aulam Magdaelene parentem Collegii, and a little book which mentions the several Colleges in Oxford and Cambridge, makes the Hall a eleven years elder then the College.

Cambridge.

THis is the other University and eye of England, a most famous Storehouse of good Literature and Godliness; it standeth upon the River Cam, which divideth it into two parts, and hath a Bridge over it, whence arose the name Cambridge.

There is not wanting anything here, which a man may require in a most flourishing University, were it not that the air is somewhat unhealthful, arising as it doth out of a Fenny-ground hard by.

That Cantaber a Spainard 3751. years before Christ's Nativity, first began and founded this University, is affirmed by Gaius, but Leland the great Antiquary, and Camden also confute that conceit; and M ^r Camden saith, It was a seat of learning about the time of King of Henry the first, and that under the reign of Edward the first (some think it should be the second) Grantbridge of a School was made an University (such as Oxford is) by the Court of Rome. Hugh Balsham Bishop of Eli in the year 1284. built the first College, called Peter House, and endowed it with lands: whose example the other Founders did imitate and follow, saith the same Camden.

That which some relate also▪ That a public Academy was erected at Cambridge by King Sigebert, Anno Christi 630. Id vero dubia annalium fide nititur; Cantabrigiensium quoque aemuli Oxonienses pernegant fortiter. Et ut quaedam fuerit instituta, procul dubio rudis fuit, nec in longum tempus. Caeterum nono seculo majori verisimilitudine laus illa competit. Coring. De Antiq. Academ. Dissertat. 3. Vide plura ibid. p. 73. See Petrus Blesensis at the end of Ingulphus.

That which some urge for the honor of Cambridge of Bedes reading there, is a fable well confuted by Sir Isaac Wake in his Rex Platonicus, in his Acts of the fourth day, Bedam vero ipsum unquam Cantabrigiae fuisse quis nisi cerebri laesi putat? Quum ipse dissertissimis scriptis suis asserat, se nunquam extra monasterium suum operam literis dedisse, ac ne inde unquam fere egressum à pueritia; Cantabrigiam vero, sua aetate adeo Academiam celebrem non fuisse, ut fuisse plane desolatam civitatulam asserat.

Gaius the Physician styled himself Londinensem when he wrote De Antiq. Cantab. Acad. though he was of Cambridge, and only a Londoner by birth, ne si Cantabrigiensis videretur, affectum quoque suum in scribendo prodidisse videretur.

That passage of Gaius 's De Antiqu. Cantab. Acad. lib. 1. therefore might well have been spared. Caeterum ad has discordias rumpendas atque fini • ndas sanctamque pacem componendam, at{que} statuendam, cum ne{que} Ox • niensis Cantabrigiensem, nec Cantabrigiensis ferat Oxoniensem in controversia judicem, quod pro sua cujus{que} affectione rem tractatam iri uterque indicet, ex libidine magis quàm ex vero celebratam aut obscuratam existimet, res suasit & commiseratio jussit, ut ego homo Londinensis, medio loco inter utrumque positus, & eodem animo in utrumque affectus, cui longa triginta annorum absentia à gymnasiis (nisi subinde invisendi gratia charitatis studio) omnem affectum juvenilem in Gymnasia sustulit, hanc controversiam ut inutilem, imo vero rem damnosam alioqui tanquam communis amicus definirem ac componerem. Vide librum ejus de libris propriis.

My worthy friend Sir Simonds D'Ewers (in his Speech touching the Antiquity of Cambridge ) saith, If I should lose time to reckon up the vain allegations produced for the Antiquity of Oxford by Twyne, and of Cambridge by Gaius, I should but repeat deliria senum.

At the present Cambridge consists of sixteen Colleges and Hals (for there is little difference there between them) erected and maintained with the Lands and Revenues of their several Founders.

Kings College Chapel being founded by Henry the sixth, is all of free-stone, a very curious structure, and from its form, called the University Cradle.

Trinity College founded by King Henry the eighth, one of the completest Colleges in Europe.

A College for stately greatness, for uniform building and beauty of rooms, scarce inferior to any other in Christendom, saith Camden.

Next to it is S ^t John's College.

S ^t Peters College or House, Founded 1280.

Hugh Basham Bishop of Eli began the foundation of this College about Anno 1257.

He settled not the endowment till anno 1284.

Clare-Hall, Founded 1280.

Richard Badew Chancellor of the University first founded this Hall by the name of the University-House or Hall. Afterwards the first foundation was resigned into the hands of Elizabeth Countess of Clare widow, which Lady by the license of King Edward the 3 ^d , established and finished the same, and changing the name thereof, willed that forever after it should in memory of her family, from whence she was descended, be called Clare-Hall.

D ^r Butler the famous Physician was sometimes Fellow and President of this House.

Pembroke Hall, Founded 1343.

Mary de S. Paul Countess of Pembroke, daughter to Guido Chastillion Earl of S ^t Paul in France, procured Licence from King Edward the 3 ^d , to found this House by the name of the College of Mary Valence, after called Pembroke Hall.

Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester, Edmond Grindall and John Whitgift Archbishops of Canterbury, William Fulk Doctor of Divinity, were all Masters of this House, and have by gifts of Lands, Money, Plate, Books, augmented the same, and Lancelot Andrew's Doctor of Divinity, late Master and Bishop of Winchester hath given a thousand pounds, with three hundred seventy four folio Books well bound.

M ^r Bradford Martyr was Fellow of Pembroke Hall, and first lived in Katherine Hall, and the Masters of those Colleges strove which should have him, as himself relates in one of his Letters, not to boast of himself, but to show God's goodness towards him.

Bishop Ridley was also of Pembroke Hall, and there in the Orchard learned without Book almost all Paul's Epistles, yea and all the Canonical Epistles, save only the Apocalypse. So he saith of himself.

Corpus Christi College, Founded 1351.

Henry of Monmouth surnamed Torto Collo ordained this College. It hath been since much enlarged.

Matthew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury, and Sir Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England, were of this House, and great Benefactors to it.

Trinity Hall, Founded 1353.

William Bateman Bishop of Norwich founded this Hall.

Steven Gardener Bishop of Winchester and Chancellor of this University, was of this House.

Gonvill and Gaius College, Founded 1353.

Edmond Gonvill Parson of Terrington in Norfolk, obtained License of King Edward the 3 ^d to erect this College.

Afterward John Gaius Doctor of Physic Anno 1557. was made a Cofounder by Letters Patents, who caused it to be called Gonvill and Gaius College.

King James being in Gaius College presented with Gaius his Antiquitates Cantabrigiensis Academiae, he said, What should I do with the Antiquities of Cambridge? Give me Gaius de Canibus.

Kings College, Founded 1441.

King Henry the sixth in the nineteenth year of his Reign, began this royal Foundation.

In which College at this present is standing one of the fairest Chapels in the world, which only he finished, but intended to have made the College conformable thereunto.

D Goad was of this House.

Queens College, Founded 1448.

Queen Margaret wife to Henry the sixth laid the Foundation of this College, but leaving the same imperfect, Queen Elizabeth wife to King Edward the fourth, obtained Licence to finish the same, which she accomplished.

Bishop Davenant was Master of this College.

Sir Thomas Smith principal Secretary to Queen Elizabeth, was Fellow of this College.

Katherine Hall, Founded 1475.

Robert Woodlork Chancellor of Cambridge, founded this Hall, it hath been since enlarged by many other Benefactors.

D. Sibbes and Gouge were of this House.

Jesus College, Founded 1496.

John Alcock Bishop of Eli and Lord Chancellor of England, procured Licence of King Henry the 7 ^th to found this College.

Christ's College, Founded 1505.

It was first begun by King Henry the sixth, and after his decease brought to perfection by the Lady Margaret Countess of Richmond, and mother of King Henry the 7 ^th .

This is called by D. Willet Collegium Theologorum, the College of Divines, M. Perkins, M. Baines, and D. Ames were all Fellows of this College.

S ^t John's College, Founded 1508.

The Lady Margaret Countess of Richmond founded this Collenge, which hath been much enlarged since by other Benefactors.

D. Whitaker was Master of this College.

There is a fair Library in it founded by Bishop Williams.

Magdalene College, Founded 1519.

Edward Stafford Duke of Buckingham founded this College; it is since much enlarged by divers Benefactors.

Trinity Hall, Founded 1546.

It was founded and erected by King Henry the eight, it is since much enlarged by divers Benefactors.

Immanuel College, Founded 1584.

Sir Walter Mildmay Privy Counselor to Queen Elizabeth obtained Licence of the said Queen to found and erect this College. It hath since been much augmented by the liberality of divers Benefactors.

Doctor Preston was first Fellow of Queens College, and the Master of Immanuel.

Sidney Sussex College, Founded 1598.

Frances Sidney Countess of Sussex (Aunt to the renowned Sir Philip Sidney ) widow of Thomas Ratcliffe Earl of Sussex, founded this College by the name of the College of the L. Frances Sidney Sussex. It is much enlarged since by divers Benefactors.

Doctor Ward was Master there, and M. Gataker Fellow.

CHAP. XIV. Of the Universities of Scotland and Ireland.

THe learned men of Scotland have been these.

1. Marianus surnamed Scotus.
2. Hector Boetius both Historians.
3. John Major a well known Schoolman.

Since the Reformation.

George Buchanan an excellent Poet.

King James his Scholar, and a good Poet also.

Napier the Laird of Marchiston.

Barclay the Father and the Son.

John Skeine the Antiquary of this Nation.

Doctor John Maxwell the learned Bishop of Ross.

Rolloc, Baronius, Cameron, Melvin.

The Universities.

I. Aberdein.

King Alexander with his Sister Isabella adorned this with many privileges about the year 1240.

Doctor John Forbes was Professor of Divinity here.

Glasco.

It is honored with an Archbishops See, and an University founded here by Archbishop Turbal, An. 1454.

S ^t Andrew's.

It is the chief Town of Fife, an Archiepiscopal See, and an University, erected in the year after our Savior's Incarnation, 1411.

The University of Ireland.

THe Christian Faith was first preached among the Irish by S ^t Patrick.

The Irish Scholars of Patrick profited so notably in Christianity, that in the Age next following, Ireland was termed Sanctorum Patria, that is, the native Country of Saints; and the Scottish Monks in Ireland and Britain highly excelled for their holiness and learning.

Out of Ireland came Caelius Sedulius a Priest.

Richard Fitz-Ralf, commonly called Armachanus, is of famous memory, who turned the edge of his style about the year 1355. against the mendicant Friers, as detesting in Christians such voluntary begging.

Dublin, or Divelin.

There is a beautiful College consecrated unto the name of the holy and indivisible Trinity, which for the exercising and polishing of wits with good Literature, Queen Elizabeth endowed with the Privileges of an University; and it is furnished with a good Library.

Bishop Usher was born there, and was the first Scholar of that College.

Thus much of Dublin (saith Camden in his Britain ) for the most part of which I acknowledge myself beholden unto the diligence and learning of James Usher Chancellor of S ^t Patricks Church, whose variety of knowledge and judgment are far above his years.

The End of the second Book.

THE THIRD BOOK. Of such as were Famous for ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION, or any Kind of Learning.

CHAP. I.

A

I Saac Abarbinel a Jew of great note, both amongst the Jews and Christians. He is the best Expofitor of the Jews upon the Text.

His Hebrew Comment upon the Pentateuch and Prophets are much esteemed by those who are so well skilled in the Hebrew, that they are able to make use of them. He hath Commented (say some ) upon all the Scripture.

Some Jews of malice study to pervert all Christian Doctrine, as this man Abrabban •• l or Barbanel a Rabbin of great pains and wit, but not of grace, and only to be followed, when he clearly is on our side. H. Broughtons Observat. upon the first ten Fathers.

Robert Abbot, a pious and Learned Bishop.

His excellent Writings are much esteemed. Some much commend his Book de Antichristo, others his Answer to Bishop, others his Treatise de gratia & perseverantia Sanctorum.

He wrote a most accurate Commentary (in Latin) upon the Epistle to the Romans, with large Sermons upon every verse, in which he handled, as his Text gave him occasion, all the controverted points of Religion at this day. They who withhold this work from the public view, as they wrong the Church in general, so in special the City and Cathedral Church of Worcester, to which he bequeathed it as a kind of legacy, as the Authors own words in his Dedicatory Epistle to B. Babington printed with his Sermons upon the 110 Psalm import.

Petrus Abelardus, vel ABAELARDUS, a person of great note in his time, contemporary with Bernard.

See Pasquiers Recherch. de la France, l. 6. c. 17.

Two of the verses of his Epitaph are these,

Ille sciens quicquid fuit ulliscibile, vicit

Artifices, arts, absque docente, docens.

Scripsit opera quam plurima in unum volumen edita opera & Studio Francisci Amboesi equitis.

Abelfoedus a great Cosmographer.

Alpbonsus Tostatus, Abulensis Episc. 1430.

Had he lived in any other age save his own, we should not have needed now to envy either Hippo for Augustine, or Strido for Jerome, nor any other of those ancient noble Worthies of the Church.

Possevine in his Apparatus saith, that at the age of 22 years he attained the knowledge of almost all Arts and Sciences. For besides Philosophy and Divinity, the Canon and Civil Laws, History and the Mathematics, he was well skilled in Greek and Hebrew.

Hic stupor est mundi, qui scibile discutit omne.

He wrote so many Books and they not ill ones, that the world computed a sheet for every day of his life: Some conceive they meant after he came to the use of reason and the state of a man, others say, he wrote more sheets of paper then he lived days.

It is related by a very credible Author Fr. Ximenes, Archbishop of Toledo, and Primate of all Spain, that reckoning the days that he lived, from his first infancy until his dying day, you shall find three sheets of paper that he wrote for every day.

He is styled Voluminous Abulensis, or the Voluminous Writer.

Accursius : He flourished in the year 1223, or as some say, 1230. He was the first that wrote a Gloss upon all the Civil Law, and as yet the last, saith Genebrard in his Chronology.

Jacobus Acontius, He hath written a book called Stratagemata Satanae. See D ^r Cheinels Triunity.

Adrian the Emperor was a very Learned Prince and Facetious, a great Grecian, he was called by many Graeculus.

Pope Adrian the fourth, an Englishman, he was bred and born at S ^t Albons. Oft times in familiar talk with John of Salisbury his Countryman he used these sentences: To take the Papacy (saith he) is to succeed Romulus in murder, and not Peter in sheep-feeding. None is more wretched then the Romish Bishop, neither is any man's condition more miserable then his. Johan. Salisb. de nugis aulicorum, l. 8. His breath was stopped with a fly which entered into his throat.

Pope Adrian the sixth, a poor man's son of Utrecht.

He was a Learned man and Schoolmaster to Charles the 5 ^th , who sent him to Rome to negotiate for him for the Popedom, thinking thereby to sway much if he could get both the Swords; but they chose Adrian, who would not change his name (as the custom is) when he was made Pope. Marcellus Cervinus being elected Pope also retained his name, showing that his dignity had not changed him. See the Hist. of the Counell of Trent, l. 5. p. 389, 390.

He saith there, that the changing of the Popes names began, because Dutch men were made Popes, to whose names Roman ears were not accustomed, all that followed observed the same use, signifying thereby that they had changed their private affections into public and divine cares. Platina saith Sergius the 2 ^d was first called Os Porci, Swines mouth, and because of that filthy name he took the Name of Sergius when he was made Pope, and that that custom continued after, that those which were made Popes changed their names, although this was not observed by them all.

Adrian’s memorable speech was, Nihil sibi imperio infelicius in vita accidisse▪ That nothing befell him more unhappy in his life, then his Dominion.

He was severe and purposed to reform corruptions, and said he would begin with the Court, but was thereupon poisoned, as some think.

Vide Sleid. Comment. lib. 3.

         Quod bonus & recti custos, quod pacis amator,
        
         Correctorque Aulae luxuriantis eras,
        
         Scilicet hac una ex causa vir sancte peristi,
        
         Vixisses annos Nestoris improbior.

Laurent. Pignor. in Symbii Epistol. Epist. 33. ad Johan. Thuilium.

He wrote as the genius of that age was twelve Quodilibeticall Questions, and Questions on the fourth book of the Master of the Sentences. Is erat illius saeculi apud Theologos genius, ut quae in controversiam vocarentur, graves in primis atque difficiles Quaestiones, quod de re qualibet cuilibet disserere liceret, Quodibeticae appellarentur. Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Aegidius Romanus Anno Christi 1280.

Aelian. His Books de animalibus and de varia historia are commended, though some prefer the first.

Paulus Aemylius of Verona.

He beginning with the first Kings of France, hath written a French History of above a thousand years, yet with laconicall brevity. He is reported to have spent thirty years about this famous work, and by it got himself a great Name.

Gerardus Vossius lib. 3. de Hist. Lat. cap. 12. calls him an elegant and eloquent Writer.

Aeneas Sylvius an Italian, after called Pope Pius the 2 ^d , he lived in the year 1464.

Being seven years old sporting with his playfellows of the same age, he was saluted Pope by them, all of them kissing his feet, as the Papists do the Popes.

Historians report the like of Ambrose, how he was made a Bishop being a boy by his companions.

He was very Learned, an excellent Orator, a great Poet, Philosopher and Cosmographer, he could speak eloquently. Magna quidem in dicendo Pii laus fuit, quod, cùm saepius iisdem de rebus loqueretur, diversa semper visus est dicere: tanta erat in homine elegantia & copia. Platina de vitis Pontificum Romanorum.

Scientia sane insignis, pari utinam & conscientia. Sed Papalis Cathedrae vis in eo statim enituit. Morn. Myst. Iniq.

He was at the Council of Basel, wrote everything, praising the Decrees that were there made exceedingly: But when he was advanced to this high degree of dignity, he changed his opinion, and would have the Counsel subject to the Popes. Sleid. Comment. l. 2. Whence that scoff of him, Quod Aeneas probavit, Pius damnavit.

He is said to be the Author of that famous Dystick,

Non audet Stygius Pluto tentare quod audet.

Effrenis Monachus, plenaque fraudis anus.

Johannes Aepinus, a Learned Divine.

His several Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Aeschines the Orator, he was an Athenian, there was a great contest between him and Demosthenes, Demosthenes caused him to be banished. Plenior Aeschines & magis fusus, & grandiori similis, quo minus strictus est: carnis tamen plus habet, lacertorum minus. Quintil. Instit. l. 10. c. 1.

Aeeschylus an Athenian.

He first published Tragedies, saith Quintilian Institut. Orat. l. 10. c. 1.

When he heard that he should die with a stroke coming from above, he shunned houses and was wont to remain in the open air, but he was killed by a Tortoyse falling from the mouth of an Eagle upon his baldhead. See Plin. l. 10. c. 3.

Agapetus Diaconus, a most Learned and holy man.

These are his Works,

De Officio Regis, Gr. & Lat.

Expositio Capitum Paraeneticorum ad Iustinianum Caesarem Gr. & Lat.

Agobardus Bishop of Lions in France, Anno Christi 840.

Peracris ingenii & doctrinae, Possev. a man very acute and Learned.

CHAP. II.

ROdolphus Agricola. He was a very eminent Scholar, a Musician, a Painter, and very studious of other Arts and learned in them. Inter Graecos graecissimus, inter Latinos latinissimus: Amongst the Grecians a special Grecian; amongst the Latinists a pure Latinist. In verse you would have thought him another Virgil, in prose he resembled Angelus Politianus in wittiness, in majesty he exceeded him. Swertii Athenae Belgicae.

Hermolaus Barbarus made these verses on Agricola,

         Invida clauserunt hoc marmore fata
         
          Rudolphum
         
          Agricolam,
         
         Frysii spem{que} decusque soli.
        
         Scilicet hoc vivo meruit, Germania, laudis,
        
         Quicquid habet Latium, Greece quicquid habet.

Beissard in his Icones mentions his Works.

Thuanus Tomo primo Hist. l. 16. p. 459. much commends Georgius Agricola. He goes beyond all in those subjects, Dere M • ttallica, & Statica.

Henricus Cornelius Agrippa, a great Scholar, but too much given to Magic, as his Book De occulta Philosophia shows, which I wonder any will justify.

Adhuc cum plausu à multis exceptum volumen de vanitate scientiarum, alium addidit librum de occulta Philosophia, curiosis admodum pestilentem, quod opus ex censura Christiana, edicto vetatur, apud unos impios reperitur. Paul. Jov. Elog. Doct. Vir. homo cumprimis eruditus & Magicis superstitionibus infamis: Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. lib. 89. Vanissimus ill vanitatum effictor. Tych. Brah. lib. 1. de Nova Stella.

Ainsworth a Brownist, but a learned Hebrician, and good Commentator on the five Books of Moses, the Psalms and Canticles. He hath published also other Works, all which are much liked by some of our Divines.

William Alablaster an excellent Poet, he wrote a Poem called Elisaeis, of the chief things in Q. Elizabeth's Reign, but it was not perfected.

There is his Apparatus in revelat. Jesus Christi.

Albategnius an Arabian, Anno 1070. a famous Mathematician and Physician. He hath written De Numero Stellarum & Motibus.

Albertus Magnus, for his Learning and exact knowledge of all good Disciplines he was surnamed Great. He left many Scholars and two principal ones among the rest, Thomas de Aquino, and Bonaventure.

He died when he was fourscore years old. He left many Books which are now Printed, and do much elucidate Philosophy and Divinity. Although he was as it were the chief of the Schoolmen, yet he hath some things not agreeable to the Doctrine of the Papists.

Ill • r. Catal. Test. verit. l. 16.

His Works were many, the principal are reckoned up by Boissard in his Icones.

Leander Albertus, His Italia, and his Book De viris Illustribus ordinis Praedicatorum, show his great abilities.

Leo Bapt. Albertus, he was a Learned man of the same family.

Gabriel Albaspinaeus Bishop of Orleans.

He published a Book de Eucharistiae Mysterio, and two Books De veteribus Ecclesiae ritibus cum notis in Concilium Eliberitanum, & aliquot Tertulliani libros.

M ^r Selden and M ^r Gillespie cite his observations on Tertullian, and speak of him as a great Antiquary.

This was his Epitaph,

         Clauditur hoc tumulo spinâ cui nomen ab Albâ,
        
         Successor patriae fidei, successor honoris,
        
         Regis deliciae, procerumque & plebis amores:
        
         Dives opum been partarum, sed ditior usu;
        
         Munificus, facilisque aditu, studiisque politus
        
         Ingenuis, rectique tenax, & simplice lingua
        
         Egregium decus oris erat; maturius annis
        
         Consilium, & cani juvenili in corpore mores.
        
         Denique florebat summae spes proxima laudi;
        
         Cùm brevis humanis semper virtutibus aetas
        
         Ter den
         
          •
         
         s juvenem vetuit numerare Decembres.
        
         Tot bona quam parvo rapuerunt tempore fata!

Edmundus Albertinus, a Learned French Protestant Divine of Paris.

There is a Learned Book of his de Sacramento Encharistiae lately published, with a Preface of Blondels to it.

Andreas Alciatus was the first that wrote Learned notes on the Civil Law, after him Budeus, and Cujacius, and many others.

Erasmus stiles him Unicum hujus aetatis miraeulum, ac studiorum delicium, the only miracle of this age, and the darling of the Muses: By Lilius Gyraldus he is intitled, Iurisperitorum eloquentissimus, eloquentium juris peritissimus, polyhistor, bonusque poeta.

His Emblems are much commended by Julius Scaliger.

Arias Montanus made these verses of him,

         Eloquio jus Romanum lucebat & art▪
        
         Turba obscurarunt barbara legulei.
        
         Andreas prisco reddit sua jura nitori,
        
         Consultos{que} facit doctius inde loqui.

Our age (saith Learned Pasquier Recherch. de la France, l. 9. ch. 30.) brought forth four great persons in the same time, Erasmus a Dutchman, Budeus a Frenchman, Alciate an Italian, Vives a Spaniard: and yet we have with us (saith he) Adrian Turnebus and Peter Ramus, which last hath made many Books full of learning and knowledge; and for Turnebus his Adversaria consisting in Humanity, it is a work unimitable in variety of knowledge. In his 29. ch. of that Book he speaks of the Lawyers in the year 1500 which joined the study of the Law with human learning, where he makes honorable mention of also Budeus, Alciate, Cujacius, and divers others.

Stephanus Paschafius likewise in his Icones, hath these verses of Erasmus, Budaus and Alciate.

         Qui leget hos, leget ill sui tria lumina secli,
        
         Lumina non ullo non celebranda die.
        
         Hic Italus, Gallusque alius, Germanus & alter,
        
         Quos triplex uno tempore fama tulit.

Flaccus Albinus or Alcuinus, vir illis temporibus longe eruditissimus, a learned English man for those times, Schoolmaster of Charles the Great, one of the Founders of the University of Paris. He lived 800 years after Christ, saith Helvicus in his Chronol.

Camden in his Britane in Yorkshire, makes honorable mention of him: So doth Gaius Histor. Cantabr. Academ. l. 1. p. 37.

That which many Writers observe, of his being Bedes Scholar, will not be made good.

Ulysses Aldrovandus, percelebris ill de animalibus scriptor, so he is styled by Gassendi in vita-Peireskii. l. 1.

His Books de Animalibus printed at Bononia are commended.

Hieronymus Aleander Cardinal, was Learned in Latin, Greek and Hebrew, ad stuporem usque, whose labor Leo the Pope used against Luther.

He was of so great a memory, that though he greedily read over many Volumes, yet he remembered all, and would rehearse it long after. Neand. Geog. parte • ^a .

Alexander the Great, He was tam Marti quam Mercurio, a great Scholar and Soldier both.

He was bred and taught under Aristotle, who Dedicated divers Books of Philosophy unto him: He was attended with Calisthenes, and divers other learned persons that followed him in Camp, and were his perpetual Associates in all his travels and conquests. He expostulates with Aristotle for publishing the mysteries of Philosophy, and gave him to understand, That himself esteemed it more to excel others in Learning and Knowledge, then in Power and Empire.

Alexander de Hales: He was an English man, and Princeps Scholasticorum one of the chief Schoolmen. He was first called Fons vitae, then Doctor irrifragabilis, the Master of Thomas Aquinas, and Bonaventure. He flourished in the year of Christ 1245.

He wrote by the Commandment of Pope Innocent the 4 ^th , an excellent and most copious sum of Divinity, which is generally known. Bellarm. de Script. Eccles. He wrote other things also, as Gesner shows in his Bibliotheca.

Camden in his Britain in Glocestershire mentions Hales a Monastery there, whence this our Country man came.

Alexander Alesius, a Scotchman of later times, magni inter suos nominis Theologus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2 ^do l. 36. Anno Dom. 1551.

Alexander ab Alexandro, a Neapolitane.

He hath written a book styled Genialium dierum, which it were good to read with Tiraquellus his Annotations, because he shows what Authors he was beholding to for those things he hath.

Iuris consultus Neapolitanus, reliquit Genialium dierum libros sex, vere promptuarium antiquitatis veterisque historiae, etsi nec pauca in • o sint ad verborum proprietatem, aliaque studia pertinentia. Unum autem hoe merito in hisce praeclaris Commentaries improbari solet, quod eorum unde profecisset, dissimularet autores. Sed huic vitio medicinam fecit doctissimus, Tiraquellus, qui digitum ad fontes intendens, unde quaeque hausta essent, judicavit. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 8.

Alhazen▪ Tycho Brahe calls Vitellio ejus imitatorem. Inter Optices scriptores praecipui sunt Alhazen & Vitellio. Tych. Brah. De Nova Stella. c. 1.

Leo Allatius, a Learned Scholar, a natural Grecian.

He hath put out a Book entitled Apes Urbanae, of all the famous men which were at Rome in the years 1630, 1631, 1632, and have published Books.

Muhamedes Alfraganus, a great Astronomer. He is translated out of Hebrew by Jacobus Christmannus, and put out in Arabic and Latin, by Golius.

There are his Chronol. & Astron. Elementa.

Alfred King of England.

He divided the day and night into three parts, if he were not let by Wars and other great business, eight hours he spent in Study and Learning, other eight hours he spent in Prayer and Alms-deeds, and other eight hours he spent in his natural rest, sustenance of his body, and the affairs of his Kingdom.

He was not only very Learned himself, but also a worthy maintainer of the same through all his Dominions.

Thomas Allen, he hath put out Notes on Chrysostem, and Sir Henry Savill often styles him Doctissimum: he was skilled both in Greek and Divinity.

Peter de Alliaco, Bishop of Camray in France, and Cardinal of the Church of Rome, 1400.

He was a famous Mathematician and Divine, a Germane.

He observing many superstitions and errors in the Church, wrote a Book De Reformatione Ecclesiae, and in the year 1414, he left it with the Council of Constance to judge of it.

Alphonsus King of Aragon.

He much favored the wits of his age, and therefore he honourably maintained at his Court Bartholomaeus Facius, Georgius Trapezuntius a Grecian, Laurentius Valla, Antonius Panormitanus, and other Learned men in great number. His virtues are most amply celebrated by Blondus, Sabellicus, Bernardinus Corius, Antonius Panormitanus, Simoneta, and other Learned Writers.

A most excellent Philosopher and Astronomer as any of his time, a great lover and advancer of Learning.

He was wont to say, Se malle privatim vivere, quam eruditione carere, he had rather live privately then want learning, and that an unlearned King was but a Crowned Ass.

When he was sick of a great disease, and his Physicians applied many medicines in vain, he began to read the history of Curtius concerning Alexander, and was so much delighted with it, that being restored to health he is reported to have said, Valeant Avicenna, Hippocrates, medici caeteri: Vivat Curtius sospitator meus. Anton. Panorm. lib. de rebus gestis Alphonsi.

Petrus Alphonsus, a Jew, and first called Moses, he left Judaism and was converted to the Christian Faith, and was by Baptism engraffed into Christ, in the year of our Lord 1106, on Peters day, when he was 44 years old, whence he had the name of Peter given him; and because Alfonsus the King of Spain was his Surety in Baptism, he was called Alfonsus. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit. l. 14. John Henry Alstid an industrious Writer, but a great Collectour.

Henricus Alting.

He and Conradus Vorstius were Piscators Scholars; Piscator was wont to call Alting Theologum optimum, Vorstins Pessimum.

Spinola invading the Palatinate, and the place taken where he remained, a bloody fellow used these words to him with a Poleax in his hand, I have killed with these hands ten men today, to which D. Alting shall be speedily added, if I knew where he did lie hid, but who art thou? he answered, I was the Schoolmaster in the College of Wisdom, and so escaped.

His works are these Scripta Theologica Heidebergensia tribus Tomis.

Exegesis Augustanae confessionis, unà cum Syllabo controversiaram Lutharanarum Methodus Theology Didacticae, & Catecheticae.

Henry Alting his son, who wrote Hebraeorum Respublica Scholastica.

Didatus Alvarez, a famous Spanish Divine, and for the most part orthodox in the controversies concerning Predestination, as likewise Dominicus Banns, and the Dominicans generally are, who follow Thomas, as the Franciscaens do Scotus.

Sixtinus Amama, a Dutchman, both learned and modest.

His Antibarbarus Biblicus and Censura are useful.

One that had a natural genius to enlighten the Text of Scripture, and to find the notion of the sacred Language.

Ambrose Bishop of Milane.

He hindered Theodosius the Emperor from entering into the Church, for a murder committed at Thessalonica. To whom when the Emperor said, That David the King was also an adulterer and manslayer, Ambrose answered, Qui secutus es errantem, sequere poenitentem, Thou that hast followed him sinning, follow him repenting. Hence the Emperor underwent a public penance imposed upon him by the Bishop. He stoutly defending the Catholic Faith and Ecclesiastical Discipline, converted many Arians, and other heretics to the truth of the Faith.

It is reported of him, that when he was an Infant, a swarm of Bees settled on his face, as be lay in his Cradle, and flew away without hurting of him, whereupon his Father said, If this child live, he will be some great man.

He flourished anno Christi 361. Helv. Chron.

Cardinal Baronius at the commandment of Pope Sixtus, wrote S ^t Ambrose his life with all diligence. Before he was Bishop, he was a secular Judge, and no Divine: nay, no Christian at all: but his Christianity and Divinity began both together, after he was chosen Bishop of Milane. For, he was fain to be Christened, before he could be consecrated. Bish. Andrew's Answ. to the 20 ^th Ch. of Cardinal Perrons Reply.

CHAP. III.

WIlliam Ames Doctor of Divinity, a judicious and solid English Divine, witness his Medulla Sacrae Theology, his five Books De Conscientia & ejus jure, vel casibus.

His Bellarminus Enervatus, his Corronis ad collationem Hagiensem, and his other works.

Amiraldus a learned French Divine. He hath written divers learned Tracts both in Latin and French. De libero arbitrio, de gratia contra Spanhemium, de secessione ab Ecclesia Romana.

Gulielmus de Sancto Amore, a Master of Paris, and chief Ruler then of that University.

He was a worthy and valiant Champion of Christ, and adversary of Antichrist. He wrote against the Friers and their hypocrisy, but especially against the begging Friers.

In his days there was a most detestable and blasphemous book set forth by the Friers, which they called Evangelium aeternum, or, Evangelium Spiritus Sancti, The Everlasting Gospel, or, The Gospel of the holy Ghost; it said, The Gospel of Christ was not to be compared with that Gospel, no more then darkness to light. That the Gospel of Christ should be preached but fifty years, and then this Everlasting Gospel should rule the Church. He mightily impugned this pestiferous Book. Foxes Act. and Monum. Tom. 1. p. 410. to 416.

Ammonius Alexandrinus, an eloquent man, and great Philosopher.

Amphilochius, He flourished about the year 380.

Anacreon.

The learned and noble Poet Anacreon was born in Perche in France. His Poem concerning Gems and precious Stones, deserves the Laurelwreath.

Anastasius the Popes Library-keeper, he hath written faithfully the lives of 109 Popes of Rome.

Anastasius Synaita. In the year of our Lord 640.

He is by some called Nicenus, by others Sinaita, and Antiochenus.

Petrus Ancharanus (sive Ancoranus) Bononiensis.

He was of the illustrious Family of the Farnesii. He wrote in both the Laws. He wrote five Books upon the Decretals, one Book on six of the Decretals, one Book on the Clementines, one Book concerning the Rules of the Law, and others.

Bishop Andrew's.

De cujus alta doctrina in omni genere disciplinarum, quicquid dixero minus erit. Casaub. ad Front. Duc. Epist.

Some learned men much commend his Tortura Torti, Exactissimae fidei & diligentia scriptum. Casaub. ubi supra.

Vulgarem secutus sermonem vir longe doctissimus, qui pro Iuramento Fidelitatis in Anglia Matthaeo Torto respondens, opus suum Torturam Torti inscripsit. Vossius De vitiis Sermons, l. 3. c. 53.

Anselm.

There were two Anselm's, ours, Archbishop of Canterbury, and the other of Laon in France, Anselmus Laudanensis, the Author of the interlineary gloss, who lived anno Christi 1110.

I shall speak of the first who was an Italian.

This Anselm though he was learned and continent all his life time, yet being obstinate in his opinion, he often swerved from the truth and doctrine of Christ, and rather loved the glory and vain fame of Christian praise, then truth itself.

He first in England forbad Priests marriage.

He flourished in the year of our Lord 1080.

For his witty inventions, forecastings, policies, disputations and other laborious affairs about the overthrow of princely Authority, and uprearing of Antichrists tyranny, Pope Urbanus appointed both him and them that should afterward succeed in the Patriarchal seat of Canterbury to sit at his right foot in every general Council, and that he also ratified by a special decree. Thus it was proclaimed when that place was given him, in the open Synod, Includamus hunc in orbe nostro, tanquam alterius orbis Papam.

Marcus Antoninus Emperor.

He was the greatest Philosopher of his time. When he was going to make war upon the Germans, the Philosophers generally came with Questions to him to answer, least he dying in that expedition, they should be unresolved.

For his clemency and modest behavior he had the name of Pius, and is for the same in Histories commended.

Antoninus of Florence. Anno aerae Christianae 161.

He hath written three Tomes of Chronicles, and four Parts of Summes in great Volumes.

Marcus Antonius de Dominis.

His Books De Republica are much commended.

Marcus Antonius Genuae, cui veterum doctrinarum arcana patent, quo nemo peritior Aristotelis interpres. Manut. Epist. l. 4. Epist. 5.

Alex. Aphrodisaeus. One of the first Interpreters of Aristotle.

Petrus Apianus a famous Mathematician. Mathematicus superioris aetatis celeberrimus. Tych. Brah.

Petrus Aponensis seu Aponius, a chief Physician in his time.

He wrote Commentaries upon Aristotle's Problems.

Vir Philosophiae & Medicinae famâ tam clarus, ut ab discrepantes in iis disciplinis sententias in consonam, aptamqu • unius sensus concordiam revocatas vulgo Conciliator appelletur. Castellanus De vitis Medicorum.

Apollinaris the Father and Son, both Heretics.

Apollinaris the Syrian, was excellently skilled in the Greek Language. S ••• men • aith, He wrote in Heroic verse the Antiquity of the Hebrews after the imitation of Homer, even to the times of King Saul after the number of the letters in 24 Volumes.

He translated also the Psalms in Heroic verse, which are yet extant.

He also imitating Menander, is said to have written Comedies, and Euripides, Tragedies, and Pindar, Lyricks. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 5.

This Apollinaris brought in a new Heresy, those which follow him are called Apollinarists, he held that Christ took the body but not the soul of a man; but when he was urged with reasons he somewhat changed his opinion, saith Ruffinus. He lived from Constantine to the time of the elder Theodosius. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5.

Sidonius Apollinaris a Frenchman, anno Christi▪ 557. About 450. saith Peter du Moulin in his Antibarbarian cap. 12. He was Bishop of Cleruant in A • vernie, He married the daughter of the Emperor Avitus, by whom he had children.

Apollonius being a Roman Senator wrote and recited in the Senate his Apology for the Christians, and was after crowned with Martyrdom.

Apollonius Pergaeus, a great Mathematician.

Magnus Giometra, nulla ration Archimede inferior, quam mira, quam abstrusa in suis conicis in lucem profert? Blancani Dissertat. De Natura Mathemat.

Apollonius Rhodius.

He only of the Greek Poets after Pindar wrote Argonautica, of which subject there are four Books of his.

He was Callimachus his Scholar, although Alexandria was his Country, yet he was called Rhodius, after he came from Alexandria to Rhode, and lived there long in great honor.

Appianus Alexandrinus.

He is called deservedly by Ios. Scalig. animad. Euseb. p. 163. Alienorum laborum fuc • s, yet is a profitable writer, because many of those whom he exscribes, are lost.

He lived in the time of Adrian, and hath written De Bello Civilli Romanorum.

Apuleius a Platonic Philosopher, anno Domini 161.

Scriptor eruditissimus. Casaub. de Satyr▪ poesi. a most learned writer.

There are twelve Books of his De aureo asino, ex Graco Asino Luciani descripta orationis genere tali, ut rudere verius quam loqui, ibi Apuleius viris eruditis videatur. Neand. Geog. parte 3.

Aquila a Translator of the Bible. He was converted from Judaism to the faith, afterward being again made a Proselyte, he translated the Old Testament into Greek.

Aquila Ponticus ex Gentili Christianus, posteaque Judaeus factus, cum Hebraice didicisset, sub Caesare Hadriano anno 129. veteris instrumenti libros. Greece ita transtulit, ut verbum verbo redderet. Vossius De Art Grammatica, l. 1. c. 3.

Tho. Aquinas born at Aquinus a Town in Abruzza in Italy.

He is the great Dictator of the Schools.

For his profound Learning and great piety, he is commonly called in the Popish School Divus Thomas, because he was canonized by Pope John the 22. Doctor Angelicus ob acumen ingenii.

He was a great maintainer of the Authority of the Bishops of Rome.

Upon whose Scholastical Works by Popish Divines, are published as many Commentaries, as upon the holy Scripture, and his Summes are more frequently read in their Schools and Academies, then the Bible itself; yet he when he was near his end, taking the Bible, is said to have uttered this speech, Credo quicquid in hoc libro scriptum est, I believe whatsoever is written in this book.

It is said, he got his knowledge rather by prayer then labor and industry, therefore he would still pray before he did write, read or dispute.

He was so intent upon his studies, that supping at Court with Lewis the French King, whilst others were discoursing of pleasant matters, he was so deep in his Meditation, that forgetting himself, he struck the Table with his hand, saying, I am conclusum est contra Manichae • s, Now it is concluded against the Manichees.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones, hath these verses of Thomas Aquinas.

Cedite Pythagorae qui dogmata vana putatis;

Redditus in terris alter Aristoteles.

He was more then 1200 years after Christ, and was both overwhelmed with the corruption of his time, and wholly wedded to the See of Rome. B Bills. Differ. betw. Christ. Subject. and unchrist. Rebel.

Aratus an ancient Poet, there is nothing of his but his Phoenomena which Tully translated into Latin.

Archimedes the Syracusan Mathematician. See of him Plin. Natural. Hist. l. 7. c. 37. and Plutarch of Marcellus and himself.

God would have some singular Idea, as it were, to be in all Arts, which all that are studious of that Art should propound to themselves to imitate, as Demosthenes and Tully in eloquence, Hippocrates and Galen in Physic, Archimedes in the Mathematics. He had an admirable Genius or wit for the Mathematics, and by study he perfected it. He did so bend his thoughts that way, that he almost neglected other necessaries. If he were at any time led to the Bath by his servants, he would make figures in the ashes, and upon his anointed body.

He is said to have composed a Sphere of transparent glass, representing unto the life the whole frame of the Heavens, wherein the Sun, Moon and Stars, with their true motions, periods, and limits were shown to the sight, in such sort, as if it were natural.

Petrus Aretinus, He wrote so well on the Penitential Psalms, that he was called Divine Aretine, yet he hath written very lasciviously in Italian.

He was studiosissimus morum Explorator.

Leonardus Aretinus, a most learned Historian, Orator and Philosopher, his works are mentioned by Boissard.

Benedictus Aretius inter suos plerisquc scriptis editis clarus Thuanus.

His three Works, viz. his Commentary upon the New Testament, his Problems or Common-places, and his Examen Theologicum made his name illustrious.

He was Professor of Divinity at Bern.

Architas Tarentinus.

He was esteemed the rarest Mathematician of his time.

Johannes Argyropylus, he was of Constantinople.

He was Politians Master in Philosophy, and a learned Scholar.

He translated some Books of Aristotle's more elegantly then faithfully.

Johannes Argenterius, a learned Physician, but too forward in censuring Galen and other of the Ancients.

Aristophanes a great Comedian.

He was the first that called himself Philologus, as Pythagoras was the first that called himself Philosophus.

Facetissimus quidem sed & obscaenissimus veteris Comaediae scriptor. Dilher. Dispute. Acad.

Chrysostom laid him under his pillow.

Gregorius Ariminensis, 1386.

A learned and a famous man. He disputed about the Doctrine of Grace and Free-will, as we now, and dissented from the Sophisters and Papists, counting them new Pelagians.

CHAP. IV.

ARistotle he was born at Stagira in Macedon. He was Plato 's Scholar, and the chief of the Peripatetics.

Sectam condidit omnium longe nobilissimam, quam Peripateticam vocarunt, eo quod inter ambulandam arts commentationesque suas discipulis trad • ret. Castellanus de vitis Medicorum.

He was not only the Master and Patriarch of Philosophy, Logic and Rhetoric, but also especially learned in Poetry, both in respect of the Art, and the composing of verses. Lil. Gyrald. de Poet. Hist. Dial. 3.

He was Master to Alexander the great, of whom he was much esteemed, for his sake he repaired his Country Stagira, being much decayed.

He alone both invented and perfected the whole Art of Logic. Vide Crakanth. Log. l. 4. c. 4. & 16.

Crakanthorpe in his Treatise De Providentia, proves, that Aristotle did not deny God's Providence, and that the Book De mundo is his.

He is called the Philosopher by an excellency.

Richard Fitzrauf, or Fitzraf Armachanus. 1350.

Among those famous Clerks that lived in the family of Richard Angervill Bishop of Durham in the days of Edward the third, Thomas Bradwardine, who was afterward Bishop of Canterbury, Richard Fitzrause afterward Archbishop of Armagh, and Robert Holcot the Dominican were of special note. Richard of Armagh my Country-men commonly call S. Richard of Dundalk, because he was there born and buried. B. Ush. Answ. to the Jes. Challenge, of Merits.

He wrote against the Mendicant Friers, and should have been canonized, but for them.

A man for his life and learning so memorable, as the condition of those days then served; that the same days then as they had but few good, so had they none almost his better. He was first brought up in the University of Oxford in the study of all liberal knowledge, wherein he did exceedingly profit under John Bakenthorp his Tutor. There were thirty thousand Students in Oxford in his time. Foxes Act. and Monum. Vol. 1. p. 532. to 543.

He wrote seven Books De paupertate Salvatoris, wherein he proves that Christ was not a beggar.

Jacobus Arminius.

He was a learned man, and (as some say) of a strict life for a Dutchman.

He hath written Disputat. 24. de diversis Christianae Religions capitibus.

Orationes & Controversiae Theologicae.

Examen libelli Guil. Perkinsii. De Praedestinatione & amplitudine gratiae divinae analysis cap. 9. ad Romanos. De gemino sensu cap. 7. ad Romanos.

Amica cum Fr. Junio per literas habita collatio de Praedestinatione.

Arnobius lived in the year of our Lord 300.

He was the chiefest man of his time for Latin eloquence. He was Lactautius his Master, both of them wrote seven very learned books against the Heathens, consisting of many of their own testimonies produced against them.

Arnoldus de Villa Nova, a Spaniard, a man famously learned, and a great writer, anno 1250. whom the Pope with his spiritualty condemned among Heretics for holding and writing against the corrupt errors of the Popish Church. Gaius▪ de antiqu. Cantab. Acad. l. 1. saith, He lived an. Dom. 1300. when Raimundus • ullius and Roger Bacon flourished in England.

Arianus a Greek Historian, very faithful, he writes the things done by Alexander the Great, as Q. Curtius doth in Latin in an elegant style. He imitates Xenophon, therefore he is called another and a lesser Xenophon. He wrote well also upon Epictetus.

Arzahel a great Astronomer.

Asconius Pedianus, a famous Historian.

Roger A •• ham Secretary for the Latin to Queen Elizabeth, the only Englishman who hath written a Volume of Latin Epistles, they were published by Doctor Grant.

He was very intimate with Io. Sturmio, as the Epistles written between them show, though he never saw him.

Two only of his Books, Toxophylus and his Schoolmaster with a little Tract of his Travels in Germany are published in English.

He flourished in the year of our Lord, 1540.

Aspasia a great Philosopher, she was the Mistress of Pericles, and at length his wife. Plut. in Pericles.

Angelus Politianus in an Epistle to Cassandra that learned Venetian maid, mentions Aspasia and many other learned women, and saith, that Sex is not naturally slow or dull. So doth Thevet Vies des hommes illustres in Sappho.

Athanasius Bishop of Alexandria.

He was worthy in honor to be immortal in the Church according to his name.

He was the wonder of all the world for his learning, piety and constancy, standing like an unshaken Rock against the Sea of Arian Errors.

He was called Haereticorum Mallens, and was one of the chiefest in the Council of Nice.

He foretold the destruction of Julian the Emperor, when by his Edict he was cast out of Alexandria, he said to his hearers bewailing his exile, Bono animo estote filioli nubecula est, brevi evanescet, Be of good courage my children, it is but a little Cloud, and will soon vanish away.

He lived (say some) six years in a Well without the light of the Sun, forsaken of friends, and everywhere hunted by enemies.

The Great Athanasius; he was Great, for his learning, for his virtue, for his labor, and for his sufferings, but above all Great for his Creed. B. And. Opusc. Posth. Speech in Star-Chamb against M. Trask.

Athenagoras, an Athenian Philosopher, who wrote an Apology for Christi 〈…〉 ▪

Athena • s, He lived in the time of Marcus Antoninus the Emperor.

His Works are put out in Greek and Latin by Isaac Casaubone with learned Notes.

Johannes Aventinus. He was born anno 1466.

Beatus Rhenanus gratulates him to his Germany, and calls him Eruditissimum Aventinum, & variarum cognition disciplinarum prastantem. Erasmus styles him, Hominem studio indefatigabili ac reconditae lectionis, his just Epitaph styles him, Rerum antiquarum indagat • rem sagacissimum, No man in his History can tell his Religion.

He wrote ten Books of Germany illustrated; of which see the heads in Neander his Geog. parte 1 , and the Titles in Gesners Bibliotheca.

Averroes a Physician at Corduba in Spain, a Commentator upon Aristotle.

He flourished in that time when Gratian the Monk, Peter Lombard, and Peter Comestor flourished.

Avicenna e stirpe regia, he was also a famous Philosopher and Physician of Corduba, anno Christi 1002. Averroes and he were two famous Arabians.

Besides Physicks, he wrote a Metaphysick also, much esteemed of.

Augustine Bishop of Hippo.

Bishop Andr. in his Opusc. Post. de Decimis calls him Decus Aphricae.

He was the most accomplished that ever writ since the days of the Apostles. Kellets Miscel. lib. 1. cap. 8. Dr. Field hath the like of him, De Eccles. lib. 3. cap. 32. p. 170. B. Usher also ascribes as much to him. Magnum est ejus in Ecclesia nomen. Whitak. de sacr. Script. Controv. 16. Quaest. 6. His name is great in the Church of God.

He is the most Doctrinal among the Ancient Fathers.

The Doctrine of S ^t Augustine was approved anciently by the Catholic Church, and till this new fangled age generally and commonly allowed and embraced both by the Romanists, and by the Protestants. B. Dav. Animadversion. upon God's Love to Mankind, p. 103.

His Works are published in magne folio in ten Tomes, purged by Erasmus.

It is pity that so great a Pillar of the Church was no better skilled in the Originals of the sacred Tongue.

He was famous for two of his Works especially, his ^b Retractations, which are the Confessions of his errors, and his Confessions, which are the Retractations of his life.

In Ludovicus Vives his time, there was none that had imitated him in such a work of Retractations.

Bellarmine hath since wrote a Book of Recognitions, wherein he makes some things worse. Vide Casaub. Epist. ad Front. Duc. p. 39.

He doth the most accurately of any handle the Controversy de Gratiâ against the Pelagians, yea and against the Papists.

He confutes the Brownists in his Book against the Donatists; and the Socinians, in that De Utilitate Credendi.

He defended the truth against whatsoever error prevailed in his age.

His Book de Doctrina Christiana is a good Body of Divinity.

His Books de Civitate Dei are full of human learning.

Some most dislike, amongst Augustine's interpretation of Scripture, his Exposition on the Psalms, though it be full of excellent matter.

Nunquam infelicius in Scriptures sanctis versatus, quam in Psalmorum enarratione. Smeton. ad Hamile.

He died in the 76 year of his Age.

Antonius Augustinus very skillful in all Ecclesiastical Antiquity, History, and in the ancient Law, a great light of Spain.

Tarraconensis Archiepiscopus, vir Romanarum antiquitatum, & melioris litteraturae peritissimus. Merul. Cosmog. part. 2. l. 2.

The History of the Council of Trent mentions him, l. 6. p. 494, 495. Antonius Augustinus Bishop of Lerida, an Antiquary, &c.

There are several Epistles of Manutius to him, Epist. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. wherein he much commends him.

Divers of his Works are published, mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue, and more fully in the Oration of Andreas Schottus in Funere Ant. Augusti.

His four Books Emendationum Iuris he published when he was scarce twenty five years old. Qui libellus, si molem spectes, in speciem exiguus; sin rerum utilitatem, ponderumque momenta, sinuosis aliorum voluminibus anteponendus. And. Scot. Orat. in fun. Ant. August.

Johannes Auratus.

He was much respected by Charles the ninth King of France, the Regius Professor for Greek in Paris, and the chiefest Poet of his time. He was most skillful in Latin and Greek, Ronsard Bayfius and Bellay were his Scholars.

Some of his Poems are published,

Auratam nemo te dicat, magne Poeta,

Aurea namque tibi Musa lepósque fuit. Papir. Masson.

Decius Ausonius, A French Poet of Burdeaux, as himself shows,

Burdegallia est mihi natale solum,

Ubi mitis est Coeli clementia.

He wrote this of himself,

Diligo Burdegalam, Roman colo, civis in hâc sum,

Consul in ambabus—

He was Master to Gratian the Emperor, by whom he was made Consul. He was very skillful in Greek and Latin; he wrote many things in Prose and Verse.

His saying was Beatum esse non qui habet quae cupit, sed qui non cupit, quae non habet. He is blessed not which hath the things which he desires, but who doth not desire the things which he hath not. Therefore the Aquitanes did boast of him, Quemadmodum Ausonius neminem sibi proposuit imitandum: ita Ausonium nemo nunc potest imitari. As Ausonius propounded none to himself to imitate, so no man can now imitate him. Scis quam non vulgaris eruditio sit in poematis Ausonii▪ Ios. Scalig. N. M. in opusc.

Azo a Bononian, he brought a great light to the Laws: O dofredus and Accursius were his Scholars.

Azorius, a learned Jesuit. His Institutiones Morales are published in three Volumes. He hath gone over the ten Commandments in Case Divinity.

Mart. ab Azpilzenta, who also is commonly called Doctor Navarrus, or Navarrus.

The honor of Navarre, Martinus Azpilzenta at ninety years finished the fourth Edition of that his elaborate Manual of Cases of Conscience.

He was very dear to three of the Popes, Pius Quintus, Gregorius Decimus tertius, and Sixtus Quintus, so that they would not use any other Counselor in iis dijudicandis, quibus conscientia constricti tenemur. Iani Nicii Erithraei Picanotheca. He had many famous Scholars, among which Didacus Covarruvias was one.

CHAP. V.

B

ROger Bacon was notable and famous in his time, and in all respects comparable then with the best. He was able to judge of the Latin, Greek and Hebrew Tongues, as appears by his Book De Idiomate Linguarum. B. Jewels Defense of his Apol. part. 4. c. 15. Divis.

He was a famous Mathematician, and most skillful in other Sciences.

He was also very skillful in the Hebrew and Greek, as the Greek and Hebrew Volumes yet extant long ago written with his own hand do abundantly witness. Twine Apol. Acad. Oxford. l. 3.

He hath a Manuscript, entitled Opus magnum, to show, that all Sciences conduce to the understanding of the Scripture.

Sir Francis Bacon. He is called by one, the Aristotle of our Nation.

He calls Philosophy some where his darling, as I remember.

His learned writings show his great parts.

Peireskius often lamented that he went not to him when he was at Paris. Gassend. de vita Peireskii. l. 6.

John Baconthorpe Trithemius and others call him Bacon.

Iudocus Badius Ascensius, the most famous Philosopher, Rhetorician and Poet of his time.

Erasmus in his Ciceronian Dialogue compares him with Budaeus the ornament of France. He hath commented upon Tullius Offices and Epistles, and Bo • thius de Consolat. Philos.

Paul Bain a judicious Divine, as his Exposition on Eph. 1. and other works show.

Rod. Bainus, a Learned Englishman Professor at Paris.

Io▪ Bale Bishop of Ossory in Ireland in King Edward the sixths time, and one of the first English Preachers of Protestantism in time of King Henry.

Dr. Humfrie in his Prophesy of Rome hath these verses,

Plurima Luterus patefecit, Platina multa:

Quaedam Vergerius, cuncta Bal • us habet.

He hath written fourteen Centuries of the Englishmen that were famous in Learning and virtue.

An Apology against a rank Papist, and a brief Exposition upon the 30 ^th Chapter of the Book of Numbers. Notes on Bonners Articles, and of Popish Votaries.

Franciscus Balduinus. He was a Lawyer at Geneva, but fell off from the Protestant Religion to Popery. Calvin and Beza wrote against him, and he against them.

Balduinus nunquam gustavit de brodio juris nisi primoribus labris, unde merito juris dolor non doctor habebatur. Quinimo multis vicibus appellatus est Doctor necessitatis, hoc est sine legibus: quia necessitas non habet legem. Strigilis Papirii Masson.

Paschasius hath this Epitaph of him,

         Franciscus jacet ill Balduinus,
        
         Mirum quàm varius, sub hoc sepulchro:
        
         Nam quicquid tibi proferebat aetas,
        
         Quicquid pagina sacra vel profana,
        
         Pulchre calluit: unus inter omneis
        
         Consultissimus utriusque juris,
        
         Anceps ut patria haesitarit illum
        
         Baldum diceret, anne Balduinum.

He hath published divers books: One De Historiae cum jurisprudentia cognatione. Another De Legibus 12 Tab. Com. ad Leges de famosis libellis & de Calumniatoribus, with others.

Baldus Perusinus, a famous Lawyer; he was the hearer and Scholar of Bartholus, and Master to Gregory the 11 ^th before he was Pope.

His brother Angelus Perusinus almost equalled him both in Learning and Writings in the same Faculty.

He flourished in the year of our Lord 1346.

He wrote Commentaries upon the whole body of the Civil Law, and after that he professing the Civil Law for 47 years got a great fame.

Bernardinus Baldus Urbinas, a great Artist and Linguist.

Vir undecunque doctissimus: cujus utinam omnia lucem vidissent. Gerard. John. Vos. Ars Histor. c. 9. Vide Iani Nicii Erythraei Picanothecam.

John Ball a holy and learned Divine, who lived by faith, having but a small maintenance.

He was of Brasen-nose in Oxford.

His Books of Living by Faith, of the Covenant, and those against Cam, and others, show his great Abilities.

Balsac, an eloquent Frenchman.

Theodore Balsamon Patriarch of Antiech. He and Zonaras were the chief of the Greek Canonists.

Dominious Banns, a famous Dominican.

Gulielmus Bar • laius, William Barelay: He published these books,

De potestate Papae in Principes Christianos.

Contra Monarchomachos.

Com. in Tit. Pandectarum de rebus credit is & de jure jura • do O • glisse • ii. Iudicium de examine cum Buchanano.

Johannes Barclaius, a Learned French man.

There is his Paraenesis ad Sectari • s, and his Pietas.

His Argenis and Euph • rmi • .

Franciscus Barbarus Venetus, Utraque lingua eruditns: scripsit de re uxoria libellum: orationes quoque & Epistolas nonnullas. Volatter. Anthropol, l. 21.

Hermolaus Barbarus, Francisci ex fratre nepos, a Venetian by Nation; one of the great restorers of Learning. Gloria erat nobilitatis Venetae, & sui saculi splendor Boissard. Barbariae suo tempore victor, solidam sibi apud erudito gloriam peperit, & victurum omni aevo nomen. Salmas. Praefat. ad Plinian. Exercitat.

Ardeo cupiditate juvandi recta studia. Nullus est tam magnus labor, nullum munus in literis tam sordidum quod defugiam. Polit. Epist. l. 1. Epist. Hermolaus Barbarus Angelo Politiano. Vide Miscel. Cent. 19. c. 10.

Etenim summo loco natus: amplis opibus innutritus: egregiis honoribus perfunctus: & fastigium disciplinarum prope omnium tenes, & professores ac studiosos artium bonarum: quamvis humili fortuna plerun{que} sumus: ita complecteris & amas: ut aeque cunctis tuae quasi majestatis fasces ac vexilla submittas. Polit. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 12. Politianus Herm • lao Barbaro. Homo ( •• mihi quidem videtur) unus ex reliquiis aur • i seculi, quamvis ipse longe doctior: & non illi sanctiores. Polit. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 8. Vide l. 9. Ep. 4. Vide l. 5. Epist. 1.

Petrus Angelus Bargaeus.

There are these of his works published.

Syrias. Com. de obelisco Votinum Carmen in D. Catharinam.

Petrus Baro.

Martinius in his Preface to his Hebrew Grammar makes honorable mention of him. In primis vero haec excipiet Cantabrigiensis Academia, lumen Augliae, cum aliis nominibus mihi chara, tùm quod Petrum Baronem habet Theologia professorem, mihi jam inde ab adolescentia conjunctissimum.

Hadrianus Barlandus, a Learned Dutchman, who hath written several Works.

Casparus Barlaeus.

Dubium poe • a meli • r, an Philosophus. Vo •• ius de Art Grammat. l. 1. c. 3.

There are Poems published of his, Athenaeum, Dissertatio de b • n • Principe.

Caesar Baronius was born in Naples, he was the Popes Confessor.

He hath made a long and learned Collection of Ecclesiastical story, and digested it into a good method, and will be useful for a distinct comprehension of Ecclesiastical story.

But he was no Grecian, and is not much to be trusted; for

1. He makes use sometimes of spurious authors, and gives them for faithful witnesses.
2. He endeavors by all means to advance the Popes Supremacy.

He is the Papists great Champion for Ecclesiastical history, as Bellarmine is for Controversies; they esteemed him the Father of Church-story.

Alsted calls Baronius his Annals the Tower of Babel, and Bellarmine's books of Controversy Goliath's sword.

Illustrissimus Cardinalis Baronius cui intima totius vetustatis penetralia tam erant cognita & familiaria, quam est mihi domus mea. Montacut. Appaerat. Vide ejus praefat. ad Apparat.

Annals suos amplius quadraginta annorum studio elucubravit. Reynold. Vide Whear. Meth. Leg. Hist. parte 2 ^da , Sect. 44.

Spondanus hath epitomized that Voluminous work, he follows Baronius too superfluously in asserting the Popes omnipotency, else it is well done.

Iustus Baronius.

Calvin's name is so odious to the Papists, that he ran from Mainz to Rome to change his native name of Calvinus into the adoptive of Baronius. B • M • rt. Epist. Dedicat. to his Appeal.

Robertus Baronius, a Learned Scotchman, as his Works show.

Arthur Johnston hath these verses of William Forbes and Robert Baronius, Divines of Aberdeen.

         Nil, quod Forbesio, Christi dum pascit ovile
        
         Nil, quod Baronio comparet orbis habet.
        
         Eloquio sunt ambo pares, discrimen in uno est,
        
         Quo lubet, hic mentes pellicit, ill rapit.

Gul. Sallustius Bartassius, an excellent French Poet. Ille Poetarum Gallicorum Coryphaeus Sallustius, Bar • hasii Dominus, Gaius poemata apud exteros etiam in laude sunt. Waseri Comment. ad Mithrid, Gesneri. He is translated into many languages. He may be read in Latin, French, Italian, Dutch, English.

Pasquier Recherches de la France, l. 7. c. 11. shows that the French Poets imitating the Latin, have often equalled, and sometimes exceeded them. He instanceth in the description of the old Chaos by Ovid, and compares with it that of Du Bartas, and in some verses of Virgil's and Rousards: Although (saith he) some would blame du Bartas his style as too swelling, yet his work hath been very well liked, not only for the worthy subject which he praiseth, but also for his learning, fine Discourses, pithy strains, and proper deductions which accompany it.

Antoi • e du Verdier in his Bibliotheque much commends him.

Gasp. Barthius, immortale Germaniae ornamentum, Dilh. Dispat. Acad.

He hath written Commentationem de Lat. Linguae Scriptoribus, and Adversariorum Com. l. 60.

Clarissimum illud Germaniae lumen Barthius incomparably Adversariorum opere. Dilh. Dispute. Acad. Tom. 2.

Bartolus de Saxoferrato was born in the year of our Lord 1303. some say 1309.

Being but 21 years of age, he proceeded Doctor of the Civil Law with the applause of all, saith Pasquier Recherch. de la France, l. 8. c. 14.

In jure primas, comparatus caeteris, Partes habebit Bartolus, Alciat • .

He had a Coat of Armor given to him by the Emperor Carolus Quartus, of whose prime Councils he was, and is the first of Gown-men whom we shall readily find (as I believe) that had honor done unto him in that kind, which was but in the year of our Lord God, 1347. The Elements of Armories c. 24.

Basilius Magnus, Anno Dom. 370. whose Greek Epistles, and very many Greek books are published in one Volume.

Quem nulla unquam aut sententia aut verbo errasse communis Graecorum patrum consensus affirmat. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4.

He was brother to Gregory Nyssene, and a most familiar friend (saith Sixtus Senensis loco citato ) to Gregory Nazianzen, and John Chrysostom.

But he was afore Chrysostom. He was called Basil the great for his admirable wit, as Gregory Nazianzen for his excellent knowledge in the Scriptures was termed the Divine.

His Hexameron is very much esteemed, followed so much by Ambrose. He was honored by the Ancients with this Elogium 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 .

He was the light of the Greek Church, whom the Heretics could never shake; yea at whose virtue the hand of the Arian Emperor did shake, when he would have subscribed to his banishment, and that in such sort that he left off his purpose utterly.

Basilius Bishop of Sileucia.

He lived about the year 360, saith Pezel. Refutat. Catech. Jesuit. 361. Helv. Chron. 460. B. Ush. Catal.

Dominicus Baudius, an elegant Poet.

Amicus noster dum viveret, & quando Dordrechtum diverteret hospes suavissimus, Dominicus Baudius, poeta item elegantissimus & disertissimus. Voss. De Analog. l. 1. c. 42.

Bernardus Bauhusius made a book in praise of the Virgin Mary, by changing one verse a thousand twenty two ways, according to the number of the Stars.

Unius Libri versus, unius versus Liber is the title of it.

Tot tibi sunt dotes virgo quot sydera caelo.

Martinus Becanus, a Learned Jesuit.

Christ. Beckmannus, a Learned Linguist.

CHAP. VI.

BEda was an English man, born not far from Dyrrham: He was the Learnedest man of his time, skillful in Divine and Secular Learning.

Of his rare learning and knowledge his Writings yet extant are a clear and sufficient testimony. He was so great a follower of S ^t Augustine (the worthiest Pillar of the Church since the Apostles time, as some hoid) that his Commentaries upon the Scripture, both of Old and New Testament, are almost word for word out of S ^t Augustine.

He was a continual Preacher, as his Homilies do testify.

He was usually called Venerable Bede, but why, the Monks usque ad ineptias certant, as Lilius Gyraldus saith, De Poet. Hist. Dial. 5. Some of the reasons given for that title are ridiculous. One saith, Pietate & eruditione venerabilis cognomen adeptus est. He was called Venerable for his Piety and Learning. Others say he was called Venerable, because that was the title of Presbyter, and his Homilies were read in his life time, and they calling him then not Saint but Venerable, so called him after his death. Vide Trithem. de Script. Eccles.

Sedulius is likewise styled Venerabilis.

Beda's Works were printed in three Tomes at Paris, An. 1545. and in eight Tomes at Basil, Anno Domini 1563. in Folio, containing four great Volumes.

In omni disciplinarum genere, Graecae etiam atque Latinae linguae gnarus excelluit: Poeta, licet mediocris, Rhetor, Historicus, Astronomus, Arithmeticus, Cosmographus, Philosophus, Theologus, ita eo tempore mirabilis, ut in proverbium apud ejus seculi doctores abierit, Hominem in extremo orbis angulo natum, universum orbem suo ingenio perstrinxisse. Possev. Apparat. Sac. Tomo 1 ^o .

Coringius in his 3 ^d Dissertat. de Antiq. Acad. saith it is observable, Sexto septimo atque octavo seculo neminem fere per Italiam, Galliam, Britanniam, Hispaniam (uno verbo) in occidentalis Ecclesiae toto orbe, nomen aliquod scripto libro invenisse, qui non in Monasterio educatus sit atque institutus. Qui inter Britannicos Monachos eminet Beda, idem omnium illius tempestatis per occidentem universum fuit doctissimus. Nos ipsi Germani prima Christianae doctrinae exordia illis caenobitis debemus. Imo debemus illis initia omnis culturae melioris, atque eruditionis: sicut & Angli ipsi ac Scoti à Monachis Romanis eam antehac acceperant.

William Bedwell: He was skillful in the Oriental Tongues.

He hath put out the Catholic Epistle of John in Arabic with a Preface to it.

William Bedle, a very Learned Bishop of Ireland, but an English man, and Chaplain to Sir Henry Wotton at Venice.

He hath put into Latin Tr. de Inter dicto Pauli 5 ^ti Ital.

Rob. Bellarmine was born in Politian, Anno Dom. 1542.

He and Tolet, and of late Lugo only were made Cardinals of the Jesuits.

Mutius Vitelliscus persuading Bellarmine to write his own life (as Fuligat reports) at last prevailed with him: He hath this passage there, De virtutibus suis nihil dixit, quia nescit, an ullam vere habeat: De vitiis tacuit, quia non sunt digna quae scribantur, & utinam de libro Dei deleta inveniantur in die Iuaicii.

Possevine in his Biblioth. Select. tomo 1 ^o l. 7. c. 4. saith of his four Tomes of Controversies, Opus absolutissimum, quod Controversiarum ferme omnium corpus dici queat.

Gretser in his Preface to his Defense of Bellarmine's Controversies also highly magnifies him.

Cardinal D' Ossat in his fifth book of French Letters saith thus of him, Est celuy qui a faict cet oeuure incomparable des Controverses pour la Religion Catholic, contre toutes les heresies qui sont auiourd' huyr & qui ont este au temps pass; & nostre saint Pere le faisant Cardinal a voulu honorer taunt la vertu, & doctrine, & labeur de ce personnage, que le College des Cardinaux. It is he which hath made this Incomparable work of Controversies for the Catholic Religion, against all the heresies of this day and of times past; and our holy Father in making him Cardinal, would herein honor, both the Virtue, Learning, and Labor of this Person, and the College of Cardinals. Vide vitam Bellarmini à Fuligattio scriptam, l. 2. c. 6.

Robertus Bellarminus e sodalitio Iesuitico, opere de Religions Controversiis cumprimis clarus, Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 12.

Robertus Bellarminus Cardinalis summo vir in Controversiis discutiendis acumine praeditus, & tot polemicis scriptis editis Clarus Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. part. 2. l. 3. Vide Jani. Nicii Eryth. Pinacoth.

Fuligate in the 7 ^th book 3 ^d ch. speaking of his death, saith, He was called Pater pauperum for his great liberality to the poor. He gave them the third part of his yearly revenue. Ante omnia illud affirmare sit, annui proventus ipsius partem fere tertiam erogari solitam quotannis in paupers, Fuligattus in ejus vita. l. 4. c. 3.

He saith thus in his Will, Primum igitur spiritum meum in manus Dei commendatum toto cord exopto, cui ab adolescentiâ servire desideravi: & precor, ut me inter Sanctos & Electos suos non aestimator meriti, sed veniae largitor admittat.

The only Champion that ever Rome had for eluding evident authorities of Scripture. D ^r Jackson on the Creed, Vol. 1. l. 2. c. 14.

He sometimes sold some of his goods at home, that he might give alms. Demum quadam die proprium atramentarium argenteolum, ut ditaret inopes, inter pignora obligavit. Fuligattus in ejus vita, l. 7. c. 1.

William Bellaye. A man of much honor and virtue, and an especial ornament of the French Nobility, by reason of his notable Learning, Eloquence, Experience, and singular Aptness in all affairs.

Qui cùm omnium optimarum artium doctrina, summaque ingenii laude praestaret, tamen in libello de Galliae & Franciae antiquitatibus, non Franco gallicae historiae, sed Amadisicarum fabularum instituisse tractationem videtur▪ Hotomani Franco Gaul c. 4.

Francois de Belleforest, a Learned French Historian.

His Works are mentioned by Antoine Du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

Petrus Bellonius.

He hath published Observations, and other Works.

Peter Bembus, Vir sapientissimus, doctissimus, ac eloquentissimus, quod docent tùm Epistolae ejus, tùm caetera scripta cruditae. Neand. Geog. parte prima.

He hath written a book of Epistles, and twelve books of the Venetian Histories, a book de imitatione sermonis, and Poems.

Beza hath this Epigram upon his history of Venice:

         Clara urbi Venetum debes natalia Bembe:
        
         Urbs eadem clara est munere, Bembe, tuo.
        
         Tu patria foelix, foelix te patria Cive,
        
         Bembe tamen debet patria plura tibi.
        
         Nam mortal fuit patria quod munus habebat:
        
         At, quam das patriae, vita perennis erit.

He was a Venetian, and a Cardinal: his Life is written by Johannes Casa. His style is disliked by Lipsius and others.

It is no marvel if Lipsius disliked his style, it being nothing like his own, but he was a great Ciceronian, as also was Sadoletus the Cardinal his great friend, and above them both, he who was familiar with them both, Longolius.

Peter Bembus is reported to have said (witness George Fabricius and Alexander of Hales in his Commentary upon the 2 ^d of Tim.) Semel legi Biblia, Quod si iterum mihi essent legenda, perderem omnem Latinitatem.

He and Sadoletus were made Cardinals by Pope Paul the 3 ^d . Vide Bembi Epist. Fam. l. 6. Epist. 3.

Boxhorn Monum. Illust. vir. & Elog. in Sadoletus saith these four Cardinals Learned and good men, Pet. Bembus, Jacobus Sadoletus, Caspar Contarenus, and Campegius properata morte feruntur • ccubuisse, are reported to had died an untimely death, many are ignorant of the cause, unless peradventure (saith he) they were thought to have some familiarity with those which differ from the Roman Religion. The same hath Boissard in his Bibliotheca or Icones.

Vide Sadolet. Epist. l. 2. Pet. Bembo. Petrus Bembus, quem orbis terrarum Cantat: nec injuria: vixit enim, quantus ei vitae Cursus fuit, in virtute totus: is cum alias coluit Philosophiae partes, tum vero poeticam artem amavit more quodam ardentissimo, ejusque studium à prima pueritia amplexus, nunquam ne in extrema quidem senectute dimisit. Scripsit autem versus in omni aetate multos, & scripsit omnium elegantissime, sic ut Apollo dictasse videatur. Manut. Praefat. ad Torquatum Bembum Petri Filium. In Virgilium.

R. Benjamin a famous Jewish Geographer.

His Hebrew Itinerary is published cum version & notis Constantini L'Empereur. Vide ejus Epist. Dedicat.

He was a Spaniard, and died in the year a nato Christo 1173, in that very year, wherein he returned from his voyage.

Antonius Benivenius.

He hath written de morborum mirandis, &c. a book for the bigness as full of choice observations, as any I have seen, D ^r Casaub. of Enthus. ch. 3.

Paulus Benius, homo Italus, & (quod nemo non miretur) in Gymnasio nostro eloquentiae Interpres, qui Patavii Patavinum (sc. Livium) aggressus est conviciis proscindere, silentibus omnino civibus nostris, & strenue condonantibus actionem injuriarum, quam illi intendere debuerant. Pign. Symbol. Epist. Ep. 44.

Berengarius a Frenchman. He was Deacon of Aniou, and the first that was counted an heretic for denying of Transubstantiation, and troubled for the same.

When he had professed the truth of the Sacrament, and had stood in the open confession thereof, according to the ancient verity of the Church before, he was so handled with certain malignant and superstitious Monks, that partly by evil entreaty, and partly for fear of death (such is the weak frailty of man) he began to shrink, and afterward did indeed recant the truth. Foxes Act. and Monum. Tom. 2. p. 456, 457, 458. Vide Matth. Paris. Hist. Angl. p. 16, & 17.

Theuet vies des hommes Illustres, l. 3. saith thus: l'ay un fort long temps demeure douteux, si en ce mien liure des Illustres personnages, ie deuoie fair mention d'vn certain Berengier, le nom, duquel (a mon grand regret.) nest que assez cogneu, pour la nouvelle opinion qu'il tascha de mettre sus contre la realite du sacrement Eucharistique. D'vne part me retiroit la memoire odieuse d'vn tell homme, & d' antre cost sa public confession, retractation, & louable penitence, effacans les plays chancrenses de son offense, quil a de cueur et de faict exhibees, me provoquent à n' espargner vn fuellet, pourlu fair place, et ce d' autant plus volontiers, qu' il pourra seruir de mirouer et example à plusie urs desuoyez.

Bernard was Abbot of Claravon in the year 1108. of whom sprang the Bernardine Monks.

He continued with the Papists, and tells the Pope his own.

Recentissimus est, vixitque post confirmatam Episcopy Romanui tyrannidem. Cham. de Oecumen. Pontif.

From erring Bernard that frequent Proverb of Writers erring drew its original. Bernardus non vidit omnia. Neither is it a wonder, when he flourished in the darkest midnight as it were of Popery. Vir dignissimus meliori aevo, qui vel in tantis tenebris veritatis lucem salutarem aspexit, vicesque suas saepe deplorabat. Mortoni causa Regia, c. 3. Sect. 7.

His book de gratia & libero arbitrio is much commended by Vossius. Qui praeconio nostro (saith he) non indiget, cum in deliciis esse omnibus soleat, qui Catholicam sententiam sequunt • r.

Philippus Beroaldus. He was a Bononian, most skillful in Latin and Greek, the Prince of the Grammarians and all the Orators of his age.

He bath left many excellent Monuments of his Learning. Vide Bembi l. 4. Epist. Fam. Philippo Beroaldo minori. p. 132.

Two Beroaldi Philippi flourished in Italy, and both lived in the same age, both Learned and Bononians.

Matthaeus Beroaldus, an excellent Hebrician.

Vir doctus, & quod familiam ducit, pius. Jos. Scal. Epist. l. 3. Ep. 229. yet he saith he would not pollute his Library with his Chronology. Diu est, postquam illius Chronologiam legi, qua bibliothecam meam pollui nollem. Scal. Elench. Orat. Chronol. Parei.

Cujus utinam Chronologia tam proba esset, quam vita ejus fuit. Id. Elench. Orat. 1. Chronol. Parei.

Bertramus, so he is commonly called, or Ratrannus, Anno Dom. 876, Helv. Chron. 841. a Learned man of that time, who lived in the Monastery of Corbey, whereof Paschasius Raebertus was Abbot.

He joined with Rabanus in refuting the error of the carnal presence, at the first bringing in thereof by Paschasius Rabertus. The book which he wrote de Corpore & Sanguine Christi to Carolus Calvus the Emperor, was forbidden to be read, by order from the Roman Inquisition, confirmed afterward by the Council of Trent. The Divines of Douay perceiving that the forbidding of that book did not keep men from reading it, but gave them rather occasion to seek more earnestly after it, thought it better policy that Bertram should be permitted to go abroad, but handled in such sort, as other ancient Writers that made against them were wont to be. B. Ush. Answ. to the Jes. Challenge, p. 18, 19.

He speaks of him also in his Goteschalcus, c. 11. p. 175, 176. and mentions there another book of Bertrams, de Nativitate Christi, in which he defends the same doctrine which he delivered in his book de Corpore & Sanguine Domini.

Bish. Ridley Praefat. ad Coenam Domini hath a great commendation of this Bertram.

Bonaventure Cornelius Bertram, a famous Hebrician, and very skillful in the Jewish Antiquities, as his Works show. He had the chiefest part in the French Version of the Bible. He put forth Pagnines Thesaurus of the Hebrew Tongue, with the Observations of Mercer, Rodolphus Cevallerius, and his own. His Works are, Commentarius de Politia Iudaica ex omnibus ejus operibus maxim commendatur. Thuanus Hist. Tom. 5. l. 109. Vide plura ibid.

CHAP. VII.

BEssarion, a Grecian and Monk of S ^t Basil made Cardinal for his Learning by Eugenius the fourth, his house was the shop of liberal Arts, whilst he lived, he especially honored Plato, in defense of whom he put out Commentaries against Trapezuntius.

He and Chrysoloras, and Trapezuntius, and Argyropilus brought Greek and pure Latin into Europe.

He gave his Library to Venice, Venetiis Bibliothecam libris Graecis & Latinis instructissimam exexit, quos ex Greece in Italiam multis impensis emptos transportari curavit. Boiss. Icon.

He wrote many learned Works, which are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Bessarion Cardinalis Nicaenus, ea fuit morum gravitate, & doctrinarum cultura, ut nemo eo Christiana probitate spectatior, Paulo Jovio teste, nemo fuerit doctrina admirabilior. Is Cornelium Tacitum in delitiis habuit, scriptorem civilis prudentiae magistrum, & quod non minima laus est, Livio nostro in hac etiam parte proximum. Pignor. Symb. Epistol. Epist. 21.

Xystus Betuleius a Learned Writer.

Theodore Beza, Anno mundi 5661.

His translation of the New Testament, and his accurate Notes upon it have made him famous. Beza edidit Psalterium suum jucundum opus & utile. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Danaus Zanchio.

His French Psaltery was so well liked, that it was well translated into the Germane, Bohemian, English, Scottish, and many Languages, and all the Orthodox Churches use it, and much esteem it.

He lived 86 years, and towards his later end began to forget what he had spoken. He would (saith Thuanus ) repeat whole Psalms in Hebrew, and what ever Chapter one could name out of Paul's Epistles, he would rehearse it all in Greek, for the things he had formerly learned his judgment failed him not, but he presently forgot what he had spoken.

His French Works are mentioned by Verdier in his Bibliotheque. His Latin are known.

Bibles divers.

There are Biblia Latina by Sebastian Castalio with his Annotations, an ethnical Translation, he using Lotio for baptismus, Respublica for Ecclesia. Beza often reproveth him in his Annotations upon the New Testament.

Biblia Hebraica printed at Venice by Bombergus in four Volumes, and by John Buxtorph in two Volumes with the emendation of the Chaldee Translation.

Biblia Hebraea Hutteri.

Biblia Hebraica, vulgo Complutensia in six Volumes, the Chaldee, Greek and Latin Interpretations being added, by Cardinal Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo, published in the year of Christ 1515, a little before Luther, an excellent work, which made way for the Gospel, since both the original languages of the Bible, before only in the hands of the Jews and Grecians, were now generally made known.

The King of Spain's Bible in eight Tomes with Apparatus Sacer, printed by Plantine.

The Old Testament in the four first Volumes, in Hebrew, Chaldee and Greek, with a threefold Latin Interpretation, the first of which is the vulgar, and is annexed to the Hebrew Text, the second and third answer to the Greek Text and Chaldee Paraphrase.

In the fifth Volume the New Testament is contained, in Greek and Syriac with a double Latin Interpretation, one of which is the vulgar, the other expresseth the propriety of the Syriac Text, being written by Guido Fabricius Boderianus, one very skillful in the Syriac.

In the sixth, seventh and eight Tomes is the Apparatus Sacer. In the sixth the Old Testament in Hebrew with the Latin Interpretation of Pagnine and Arias Montanus, and the New in Greek with the vulgar Latin Interpretation, and the other of Arias Montanus.

In the seventh Tome the Grammatical precepts of the Languages, and the Dictionaries of them, Hebrew, Syriac, Chaldee, and Greek are contained.

In the eighth and last Tome, there are singular Books of Arias Montanus his, and the Variae Lectiones gathered by the most learned with greatest study, with two Indexes.

Since that, came out Iay the Advocates Bible in France, who hath been at great charge in printing the Bible in Hebrew, and in other oriental Languages, wherein there are two Volumes supernumerary, which have the Samaritan Pentateuch, and a Translation of it, a Syriac Translation of the Old Testament, and an Arabic Translation of the whole Bible, with Latin Translations to each of them, but it hath not the Interlineary, nor any Apparatus.

It is very corruptly printed.

Now there is here printing in England a Bible, which will exceed the French Bible, because it sets forth all uno conspectu, whereas that is in several Volumes, and hath the best Editions of each, the vulgar Latin of Clement the 8 ^th , and the LXX of Sixtus Quintus their authentic Editions, and it hath the variety of readings of the Alexandrian Copy on the LXX in the Margent, the Chaldee Paraphrase of Buxtorfs Edition.

It hath also the Interlineary Translation of the Hebrew Bible, and the Ethiopic Translation of the New Testament. Some emendations of the Latin Translation, of the Samaritan Pentateuch, and in the Apparatus, the variety of readings of all the Texts.

There are Biblia Hebraica with the Targum, and divers Commentaries of the Rabbies.

There are Biblia Tig • rina begun by Leo Iudae, and finished by other Reformed Divines, published by Robert Steven with Notes annexed.

There are Biblia Latina à Sixto Edita.

There is the Latin Bible translated by Immanuel Tremellius and Francis Junius, with their Notes.

There is the Latin Bible with the ordinary Gloss of Strabus Fuldensis the brother of Beda, the Postils of Nich. de • yra, and the additions of Paulus Burgensis.

There is the French Bible reviewed by the Professors of Geneva.

There is the Italian Bible by Diodate. Scaliger saith, he makes use of it still at his study.

There is the Spanish Bible of Cypriano Valera, well approved of.

Theodorus Bibliander was a good Linguist. Vir multijugae eruditionis. Thuanus.

Besides many other learned Works which he hath written, he hath also published a Commentary De Ration Communi omnium Linguarum & Literarum.

Gab. Biel. 1480.

Nicolaus Biesius a learned Dutchman. He published an Oration Pro Studiis Literarum, two Books De dicendi Art, two Books De Universate, five Books De Natura, and four De Republica, a little Book De Opinionum varietate, Commentaries in Galeni Artem, the Method and Theory of Physic.

Hieron. Bignonius. Who may be called the Varro of this Age.

Eberardus Bilichius . He died at Trent coming thither to the Council.

Jacobus Billius Primaeus a very learned man. He was famous for his exact knowledge in the Greek Tongue, which he specially exercised in illustrating the Greek Fathers.

He translated Nazianzen into Latin, and illustrated it with Scholia. There are also Sacrae Observationes, and Sacra Anthalogia of his, with divers French works mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

Thomas Bilney a learned and godly Martyr. I have spoken of him elsewhere.

Thomas Bilnius Concionator vehemens, litterarum & virtutis existimatione celebris. Camp. Narrat. Div • rt. Henrici octavi.

Thomas Bilson. His rising was merely by his Learning.

He hath written,

Survey of Christ's Sufferings.

De perpetua Ecclesiae Christi Gubernatione.

Answer to the Apology.

L • lius Bisciola, an Italian.

His H • rae subcesivae are commended by Alegambe, containing excellent things in all kind of Philology.

Bilibaldus Birkheimerus. He was born at Norimberg, Anno 1501.

A great Mathematician, and most familiar with Erasmus for his great learning. He wrote a Description of Germany, and divers other works mentioned by Boissard.

Peter Blesensis. 1160. a worthy learned man, he spared not at times sharply to reprehend the enormities of the Clergy. Divers of his Epistles are yet to be seen, wherein he rebuketh the arrogancy of Thomas Becket.

Archbishop first in England, then at Roane.

David Blondell.

In antiquitate Ecclesiastica versatissimus. Rivet Grot. discript. dialys. Sect. 10. He is very well versed in Ecclesiastical Antiquities.

Bochart speaking of Church-Government saith, Blondellus vir piissimus & supra fidem in hisce doctus. Bocharti Epist.

He hath published many learned Works in Latin and French. Pseudo. Isidorus & Turianus Vapulantes.

Modeste Delaration De La Sincerite & Verite Des Eglises Reformees de France.

An Answer to Cardinal Per • on, and other Works.

Flavius Blondus a famous Historian and Secretary to many Popes, deserves well of Antiquity for the age in which he lived.

He died poor at Rome, Ut Philosophum decuit, as it became a Philosopher, saith Boxhornius.

He wrote three Decads, De gestis Romanorum, a Book of Epistles, and another of Orations, and divers others.

He died Anno salutis Christianae. 1363.

Ludovicus Blosius, Abbas Laetiensis.

Johannes Bocatius, a famous Poet of Hetruria, as Petrarch also, but too obscene.

Petrarch was his Master.

His Life is written by Papirius Massonus.

He put forth a Book De Genealogia Deorum, which contains fourteen Tomes, and many others mentioned by Boissard in his Icones. He died in the • 3. year of his age.

Trajanns ^• Boccalinus.

Sir Isaac Wake called his Collections of Pernassus the first Satire in prose, and Master Selden said, he would rather lose any human Book in his study then that.

Samuel Bochart an able French Divine, Pastor of the Church of Can • , who hath written a learned Treatise De Geographia Sacra.

M ^r Pocock in his learned Miscellaneous Notes in Portam Mosis c. 3. styles him Virum longe doctissimum, and quoting that Book saith, In illo diffusae eruditionis opere.

Peter du Moulin dedicates his Antibar barian to him, and styles him his Nephew.

CHAP. VIII.

JOhn Bodin, a Papist , but an ingenuous and judicious Writer, of great and good note, as well among Protestants as Papists.

Scriptis ad posteritatem victuris satis clarus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 63.

Possevine dislikes his Methodus Historica, because he makes such honorable mention of the Protestants there.

Voetius in his Biblioth. l. 2. Sect. prior. c. 1. condemns Posse •• nes Bibliotheca, as maimed, because out of his envy and pretended hatred against heresy, he passeth by many excellent Authors.

Joannes Bodinus homo multiplici eruditione notus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 94.

Olim Protestantium doctrinae addictus, nec ab ea multum unquam postea alienus.

Some commend his Theatrum Naturae for a choice piece, a Book full of natural curiosities.

Tycho Brahe l. 1. De nova Stella. c. 10. chargeth him with gross errors in matters of History.

Sir Thomas Bodlie, a great Scholar and prudent Statist.

His Parents were rather good then great. What liberal Education they bestowed on him, he shows in his own Life written in English by himself, which is put into Latin by D ^r Hackwell, and is in Oxford Library. He living in the troublesome times of Queen Mary, his Parents took him beyond Sea.

At Geneva • he heard Bero • ldus for Greek, Cevallerius for Hebrew, in Divinity Calvin and Beza.

He was very skillful in the Oriental Tongues. Linguarum Orientalium callentissimus vir Thomas Bodlaeus. Drus. Not. in Tetragram. He was the great Founder of our famous Oxford Library, which is therefore called Bibliotheca Bodleiana. He gave many Hebrew Books to the Library, and was employed in many honorable Embassies to the Kings of France and Denmark, the Lantgrave of Hesse, the Duke of Brunswick, the States of Holland.

He gave for his Arms three Crowns, with this Inscription, Quarta perennis erit.

B • etius Severinus. Anno Dom. 520.

Thevet Vies des hommes Illustres l. 6. mentions the several names given to him, and the reasons of them. He was called Severinus, to show his Cato like severity and integrity. He was very famous in his days, being Consul a long time at Rome, and a man of rare gift • and abilities. Some say, in prose he gave not place to Tully, and had none that exceeded him for Poetry; a great Philosopher, Musician, Mathematician.

He was put to death by King Theodoricus King of the Goths.

He was a most excellent Peripatetic, after he was slain Peripatetic Philosophy decayed, and almost all Learning in Italy. Barbarism wholly invaded it, and expelled good Arts and Philosophy out of its borders, saith Heereboord Epist. Dedicat. ad Disputat. ex Philos. select.

Albertus Magnus and Aquinas have commented upon him.

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boetius, vir & dignitate & opulentia & virtute & eruditione longe maximus, Aristotelicam Philosophiam Romae docuit. Coring. de Antiq. Acad. Disser. 3.

Quis Boetio, vel in dialecticis acutior, vel subtilior in Mathematicis, vel in Philosophia locupletior, vel in Theologia sublimior. Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. cap. 1.

John Bois, both a good Grecian and Divine.

He hath published some Notes upon Chrysostom, which are in the eighth▪ Volume upon Chrysostom, put out by Sir Henry Savill, who calls him, Ingeniosissimum & doctissimum Boisium, and styles his Notes, Doctissimas ejus Observationes.

He saith thus to Sir Henry Savill in his Notes upon Chrysostom's Homilies upon Genesis, Emendationes enim omnes quas affero, meae sunt conjecturae, & fortasse multis in locis parùm probabiles nec satis scite confictae. Sed ut non omnes dignas existimo, quae eruditorum calculis approhentur: ita nonnullas, tamet si paucissim • eae sunt▪ meliore sidere natas credo, quas ne emunctissimae quidem naris Critici sint prorsus aspernaturi.

Daniel Bombergus a famous Printer, who alone almost hitherto hath printed at Venice great and large Volumes in Hebrew with invaluable expenses.

Those Hebrew Books which he printed at Venice are conveyed into all the parts of the world where the Jews are, into Africa, Ethiopia, India, Egypt, and other places.

He printed,

1. The Hebrew and Chaldee Bible with Commentaries of divers Rabbies upon all the Books of the Old Testament in royal paper.
2. The Talmud, an immense and stupendous work divided into some Volumes.
3. The Volumes of Rabbi Moses which contain both his own Expositions, and also those of other Rabbins upon the Talmud, with other Hebrew Books.

Bonaventure first a Monk, and then a Cardinal. He was called Doctor Seraphicus, a Seraphical Doctor.

His Works are in seven Tomes.

His Notes on Lombard are good, Gerson commends his Opuscula for devotion.

He joined together so much sanctity of life, and integrity of manners with his great knowledge of Scholastical Divinity and Philosophy, that Alexander of Hales his master, was often accustomed to say of him, That Adam seemed to him not to have sinned in Bonaventure. Sixt. Senens. Bibliothec. Sanct. l. 4.

Anno 1265. About this time flourished Thomas of Aquine, Reader at Paris among the Dominick Friers, and Bonaventure among the Franciscan Friers. Foxes Act. and Monum. Tom. 1. p. 433.

Thomas Aquinas coming to him to salute him, and finding him writing the life of S ^t Francis (as the Papists term him) he called him a Saint though living, saying, Sinamus Sanctum pro Sancto laborare, Let us suffer a Saint to labor for a Saint. Ang Roch. Biblioth. Vatic.

He was canonized by Pope Sixtus the 4 ^th anno 1482. for a Saint in the Kalendar.

Franciscus Bonamicus.

There are some of his Works published.

De alimento, De motu.

Lazarus Bonamicus.

A most famous Professor of Eloquence, and the Greek Tongue at Padua.

He hath put out some learned Orations and Poems.

It is reported of him, that when he once asked the Devil in a possessed woman, what verse in Virgil he judged to be best? he answered,

Discite justitiam moniti, & non temnere divos.

Cardin. Borromaeus.

He was of Milan, he had Francis Alciate a most famous Lawyer his Master. Pope Paulus Quintus made him a Saint.

He escaped a great danger from some loose Friers, as Thuanus relates. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 38. p. 627.

He hath put out a Tract, De Concionatorum Pastorumque Instructione, cum aliis Opusculis.

There are also Epistolae cum ejus vita.

Franciscus Bosquetus a learned Lawyer.

He hath written a History of the Popes of Rome which were Frenchmen, thus entitled, Pontificum Romanorum, qui à Gaul oriundi sunt, historia.

Arnold Boot Doctor of Physic, a Dutchman, lately dead.

He hath written a learned Book, entitled, Animadversions Sacrae ad Textum Hebraicum Veteris-Testamenti.

He wrote also two Tracts against Ludovicus Cappel his Sacra Critica.

I received this passage from a learned Friend of mine (whom I informed of his death) in a Letter,

The loss of that man is great, for he was well furnished with that kind of learning, and besides very judicious, very industrious, very zealous. He wrote •••• in a more general way, but so as he hath indeed cut the sinews of that Sacra Critica.

Henricus Bracton, a learned Lawyer.

Henry de Bracton, a Judge of the Court of Commonpleas in the Reign of K. H. 3. and a writer of the Laws.

John Bradford.

As holy a man as any lived in his time, and learned also, as M ^r Fox shows in his Book of Martyrs.

He wrote two Sermons, one of Repentance on Mat. 4. 17. the 2 ^d of the L. Supper▪

I find also in the Oxford Catalogue, mentioned,

His holy Meditations upon the Lord's▪Prayer, Belief, and ten Commandments.

A Dialogue of Predestination and Free-will.

Two Letters for men afflicted in Conscience.

William Bradshew.

He hath written well of Justification. M ^r Gataker calls it, Aureum quantivis preti • libellum.

There are also Meditations of his upon the Psalms.

Th • ▪ Bradwardine Archbishop of Canterbury▪ King Edward the thirds Confessor.

A man reputed so pious in those days, that the Kings prosperous success then was chiefly imputed unto his piety, who followed him in his wars in France, as Preacher in the Camp.

Above three hundred years ago he valiantly defended the truth against the Arminian Doctrine. Grati • Dei stre • uissimus assertor, D ^r Ward in Phil. 2. 12.

Henricus Brandius, a learned and Pious Divine.

He hath written a Book entitled, Examen Consulationis Lessianae religions capessend • . And Analysis in Catechesin religions Christianae, Quae in Ecclesiis & Scholis tum Belgii, tum Palatinatus traditur.

Tycho Brahe a Dane and a Knight, a great Astronomer.

Stellae describuntur à Ptolomaeo, Alphonso & Tychone Brahe, triumviris reipub. Astronomicae. Alsted. Eucyclop. l. 7. part. 1. c. 15.

There are divers of his Works published,

Astronomiae illustratae Progymnasnatum Liber 1.

Mechanica.

Oratio d • Disciplinis Mathematicis.

De mun • s Aetherei recentioribus. Phaenomenes liber secundus. Epistol • Astronomicae.

Edw. Brerewood. He was the first Astronomy Lecturer in Gresham College.

He hath written Enquiries touching the Diversities of Languages and Religio • s through the chief parts of the world, an excellent piece.

De ponderibus & pret. vet. nummorum.

• le •• nta Logicae.

Treatises of the Sabbath.

John Brenz. He was born Anno 1499. A Divine of great name amongst the Protestants, saith Thuanus. Vir est gravis, & modestus & doctus: sed desiderari in eo nonnihil potest. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. ad Bezam.

His Works are printed in several Tomes in Folio.

G • ido de Bres.

He hath written against the Anabaptists in French.

Of the Authority of the Magistrate, and Immortality of the soul.

Henry Brigges, a famous Mathematician, and a pious man.

His Works are Arithmetica Logarithmica, & Triganometria Britannica.

Thomas Brightman, a learned and godly man.

Bishop Andrew's in his Answer to Bellarmine's Apol. ad cap. 9. is too sharp and bitter towards him.

I have heard that M ^r Thomas Cartwright counted him a bright Star in the Church of God.

He hath put out a Comment in Latin on the Canticles and Revelation. And Disputatio de Antichristo, & Ref • tatio de Bellarmini Antichristo.

Io. Brinsley, A learned man.

He hath published,

Ludus Literarius, or, The Grammar-School.

The posing of the Accidens.

The true Watch and Rule of Life in four parts.

The Calender Reformation.

Barnabas Brissonius, the learned Chief Justice of France, whom one calleth Varro Galliae.

Ios. Scaliger. l. 1. Epist. Epist. 8. & 9. speaks somewhat against his book De Regno Persarum, and de formulis, &c. but that De formulis is an excellent work.

Stephanus Paschasius in the second Book of his Epigrams, hath these Verses to him.

         Mirantur eunctis animum te intendere caussis,
        
         Cùm tot pervoluas nocte dieque libros.
        
         Queis ego sic
         
          Balbus;
         
         nihil est mirabile factu:
        
         Plurima nam dicit, plurima qui didicit.

John Briton Bishop of Hereford of profound judgment in the Common-Law.

He composed a learned Work of the Law, and published it in 5. E. 1. by the commandment of Edward the first, our Justinian.

Erasmus Brockman, a learned Lutheran. He hath put out Theology univers • Systema. vol. 3. De speculo veritatis Pontificiae. Controversiarum sacrarum qua in salutari Religions negotio intercedunt orthodoxis cum schola Pontificia partes duae.

John. Brodaeus, a man of stupendous and wonderful reading, of incredible memory and industry. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 34.

He hath written divers Miscellanies, and learned Commentaries upon Euripides his Tragedies, and Xenophon.

Sir Robert Brook Chief-Justice of the Court of Commonpleas.

His Abridgement was first published in Anno 16. Reg. Eliz. long after his decase; a worthy and painful work, an excellent Table for the year Books of the Law.

Hugh Broughton, well skilled in Hebrew and Greck, if he had been as judicious and humble.

He hath put forth several works, his Concentus Sacrae Scripturae is best liked.

He said, it was portended by his Arms that he should be a Grecian, for he gave the fowl of Athens for his Arms.

Christoph. Browerus a learned man. He hath written, Fuldensium Antiquitatum. l. 4. and other works.

Henricus Brucaeus.

Fr. Lucas Brugensis, a famous Divine. He hath written Notationes in sacra Biblia, and Commentarios in quatuor Jesus Christi Evangelia, and other works.

Petrus Brunellus.

There are Epistles of his published.

Guil. Bucanus. D ^r Prideaux was wont to say, sive Buchanus sive Buchananus, they being both ours.

These are his Works, Institutiones Theologicae.

In Orat. Dominicam.

Meditationes & Aphorismi de controversies de Religion determinandis.

Georgius Buchananus, A most famous Poet and good Historian for the Scottish affairs.

         Namque ad supremum perducta Poetica culmen
         
         In te stat, nec quo progrediatur, habet.
        
         Imperii fuerit Romani Scotia limes:
         
         Romani eloquii Scotia finis erit.
         
          Jos. Scalig.
         
         in Epitaphio
         
          Buchanani.

Vir ingenii felicitate & scribendi facultate, quod ejus scripta ad omnem aeternitatem victura vel fatente invidia testantur, nostra aetate incomparabilis. Thuanus Hist. Tom. 3. l. 76.

There he commends his History also. Ego Psalmorum tuorum lection incredibiliter delector, qui tales sunt quales à te uno proficisci potuerunt. Beza in Epist.

Carolus Utenhovius saith thus of his Translation of the Psalms,

Tres Italos Galli senos vicere, sed unum

Vincere Scotigenam non potuere virum.

The six Italians were Michael Hospitalis. Adrianus Turnebus, Johannes Auratus. The three French A. Sannazarius, H. Fracastorius, A. Flaminius, H. Vidas, A. Naugerius. P. Bembus.

Martin Bucer, born Anno 149. a great instrument of God as well as Martin Luther, both Germains and Monks formerly.

The two judicious Commentators Bucer and Martyr.

Quam multiplicem in Bucero jacturam fecerit Dei Ecclesia, quoties in mentem venit, cor m •• m prope lacerari sentio. Calvin in an Epistle to Viretus.

After the Assembly of Regenspurge, when John Gropper Ambassador to the Archbishop of Collen, was returned home, he commended Bucer exceedingly, and said, he was meetest of all others to take in hand the Reformation of Religion, for he was both well learned, a lover of peace, and of pure life. Sleid. Comment. l. 14. p. 187.

Abraham Bucoltzer.

Opere Chronologico magnam gloriam adeptus. Thuanus.

Ludovicus Buccaferrens, a learned Philosopher of Bononia.

Many famous Scholars came from his School, Francis Piccolominie, and others.

Julius Caesar Scaliger in his Epistle to the Reader prefixed before his Subtilties, names him his Master.

Osorius in his learned Book De Gloria, saith, he diligently heard him.

He published Commentaries upon Aristotle's first Book of Physicks, and other Books of his.

Io. Buckeridge, Bishop of Rochester.

Guil. Budaeus, William Budey born at Paris in France, Anno 1467.

He was Secretary of Francis the first, King of France, and Keeper of his Library, and after his Counselor and Master of Requests. His Commentaries upon the Greek Tongue, his Epistles, Philology, his excellent work De Ass, his Commentaries upon the Pandects, and others show his great knowledge in the Greek and Latin Tongue.

In those things which he wrote before the preaching of Luther, he doth roughly and largely accuse the Pope, Bishops and Priests, especially in his Book De Ass, which was published Anno 1513. Illyr. Catal. Test. verit. l. 19. Vide Montacut. Analect. Exercit. 5. Sect. 4. Et Pauli Iov. Elog. Doctorum virorum▪ & meam Epist. Dedicat. ad Crit. Sac. Nov. Test.

He was a man of great learning, and worthy to be had in perpetual memory, for this cause only, that he and Cardinal Bellay Bishop of Paris, did counsel and persuade Francis the first, the French King, to do a most noble act, that is, to appoint great stipends, for the Readers of Tongues and good Arts at Paris.

Buchanan hath this Distich of him,

Gaul quod Graeca est, quod Greece barbara non est:

Utraque Bu • aeo debet utrumque suo. Buch. l. 2 Epig.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Et Latiae nobis debent Graiaeque Camaenae:

Laudem utram quaeras, magnus utraque fui.

He died at Paris Anno 1539.

Io. Bugenhagius Pomeranus nascitur Anno 1485.

Moderate ingenio & eruditione rara excultus. Thuanus Hist. 1. Tom. l. 21.

He died at Wittenburg in the 73 year of his age.

Lutherus ut in Schola suum Melancthonem, sic in Ecclesia suum sibi Bugenhagium adjunctum habui • . Verheid. Prastant. aliq. Theol. qui Rom. Antich praecip. oppugn. essig.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Henry Bullenger , born Anno 1504.

Some much commend his Book de Origin Erroris.

Henry Bunting , Teacher of the Word of God in Saxony, in the Dukedom of Brunswicke.

Neander much commends his Chronicon Ecclesiasticum, and his Itinerarium Ecclesiasticum.

Aegidius Burdinus, a learned Lawyer and an excellent Grecian. Vid. Scaev. Sam. Gallorum Elog.

Francis Burgersdicius famous for his Logic, Ethics and Metaphysics.

Paulus Burgensis was by birth and institution a Jew, and excellently versed in all the learning of the Rabbin's, but by faith and conversion a Christian and a Bishop.

When he was a Jew he was called Salomo Levita.

Walter Burlie, a great light of Europe, and ornament of Oxford. The Learned Master of King Edward the 3 ^d , and Scholar of Merton College.

He hath written divers Works upon Aristotle.

Io. Buridanus.

He hath written on the ten Books of Aristotle's Ethics.

Burgundius.

He interpreted the Gospel of John.

This is part of his Epitaph,

         Decessit senio propria
         
          Burgundius
         
         urbe,
        
         Cui similis vivens vix fuit est vel erit.
        
         Omne quod est natum terris sub sole locatum,
        
         Hic plene scivit scibile quicquid erat,
        
         Optimus Interpres Graecorum fonte refectus,
        
         Plurima Romano contulit eloquio.
        
         Commentor primus,
         
          Chrysostomus
         
         ill secundus,
        
         Claruit, exposit
         
          •
         
         r, scripsit & innotuit.

Rob. Burhill.

He hath written contra Mart. Becani controversiam Anglicanam de Britann. and a manuscript in verse, De Britanniae rebus Scholasticis.

Anna Burgius.

Anne du Burg, a most learned Lawyer and holy Senator was burnt at Paris for the true Religion: not so much by the inclination of the Judges, as by the resolution of the Queen, provoked against him, because the Lutherans did divulge in many Writings and Libels spread abroad, that the King had been wounded in the eye by the providence of God, for a punishment for his words used against du Bonrg, that he would see him burnt. But the death and constancy of a man so conspicuous, did make many curious to know what Religion that was, for which he had so courageously endured punishment, and made the number increase. Hist. of the Counc. of Trent. l. 5. p. 418.

Augerius Busbequius, a great Ambassador and a Learned man, skillful in the Civil Law and all Philosophy.

He hath written most elegant Latin Epistles and most pleasant to read concerning the Turks.

Besides the Greek and Latin tongue, he was so exactly skilled in the Italian, Spanish, French, German and Illyrick tongue, that any of them might seem to him vernacula.

Johannes Busaeus, a most Learned Papist.

John Buxtorf, the Father and Son.

The Learned works of the Father discover his great abilities and • kill in the Hebrew Tongue, and give great light to many places of Scripture.

Epistolarum decas, cum notis.

Tiberias, sive Comment. Masorethicus.

Biblia Sac. Hebr. & Chaldee. cum Masora.

Lexicon Chaldaicum & Syriacam.

Synagoga Iudaica.

Concordantiae Bibliorum Hebr.

De Abbreviaturis Hebraicis▪

Thesaurus Grammaticus Linguae Sanctae: and other Learned Works of the same nature.

Daniel Tossanus Orat. de Vita & obitu Johannes Buxtorfii mentions Commentarium Chaldaicum notas Criticas accuratissimas in paraphrasin Chaldaicam Bibliorum Hebraeorum continentem, which I hope his Learned Son will shortly publish, I having seen, or heard at least, something in a letter from him lately to that purpose.

Young Buxtorf is Paternae eruditionis ex asse haeres: as his Dissertations and Answers to Cappel show.

CHAP. IX.

C

THomas de Vio Cajetan, an Italian and a Cardinal.

A man very well read in Divinity, having studied it even from a child, who for the happiness of 〈…〉 wit, and for his laborious diligence, became the prime Divine of that and many more ages, unto whom there was no Prelate or person in the Council who would not yield in Learning, or thought himself too good to learn of him.

This Cardinal, going Legate to Germany in the year 1523. studying exactly how those that erred might be reduced to the Church, and the Arch-heretics convinced, found out the true remedy, which was, the literal meaning of the text of the Scripture in the Original Tongue in which it was written, and all the residue of his life, which was 11 years, he gave himself to the study of the Scripture, expounding not the Latin Translation, but the Hebrew Roots of the Old, and the Greek of the New Testament. In which Tongues, having no knowledge himself, he employed men of understanding, who made construction of the Text unto him word by word, as his Works upon the holy Texts do show. That good Cardinal was wont to say, that to understand the Latin text, was not to understand the infallible Word of God, but the word of the Translator, subject and obnoxious unto error. Hist. of the Counc. of Trent, l. 2. p. 155.

Cajetan is commended for an incomparable Divine by Sixtus Senensis Bibl. 4. Tit. Thomas, and for the most Learned man of his time by Pererus the Jesuit, Comment. in illa verba Gen. Creavit Deus, &c. Vide Leand. Albert. Descript. tot. Ital. & Gerh. l. 2. Cathol. Confess. Art. 1. c. 1.

P. Victor Cajetan Palma.

He hath put out Paradigmata de quatuor Linguis Orientalibus Praecipuis.

Johannes Gaius, a Learned Doctor of Physic of Cambridge.

He hath written a Book de Libris propriis, and besides Commentaries or Annotations upon divers Physic Books, and other Books Translated or Corrected by him: He mentions these,

De Medendi Mothode. Two books.

De Ephemera Britannica. Three books.

De Antiquitate Cantabrig. Academiae. Two books.

De Historia Cantabrig. Academiae. Two books.

De Rariorum animalium atque stirpium Historia. One book.

De Symphonia vocum Britannicarum. One book.

De Thermis Britannicis. One book.

De Antiquis Britanniae urbibus. One book.

De Libris propriis▪ One book.

De Pronunciatione Graeca & Latinae Linguae cum scriptione nova. One book.

De Annalibus Collegii. One book.

De Annalibus Collegii Gonevilli & Caii. One book.

Compendium Erasm. lib. de vera Theologia. One book.

Julius Caesar, a great Conquerer, and as great a Scholar.

He hath published his own Acts both truly and purely. His Commentaries show his great Eloquence.

Gest a not asse opus est ingens, gessisse notanda.

Majus opus: princeps Caesar utrunquefacit.

Manutius in his Preface on Caesar's Commentaries much commends Caesar and his Commentaries.

Huic ipsi Caesari, atque iterum Terentio, ob proprietatem ac nativam Romani sermonis elegantiam, proximum post Tullium damus locum, Voss. Institut. Orat. l. 4. c. 1. Sect. 9.

In procinctu, ac pene in acie quoque ipsa rerum suarum Commentarios it a diligenter conficiebat: ut nihil a quo quam tam putetur accurate prescriptum: quod non illorum purissima elegantia superetur. Polit. Epist. l. 10. Epist. 1.

Domitius Calderinus Veronensis.

He was a good Grammarian. He hath published three books of Observations, a Comment on Martial, and Notes on Ovid's Epistles.

Vir fuit acris ingenii, multae{que} in literis industriae, Latinae linguae diligentissimus, Graecae non incuriosus: non prosam condere absurdus, non carmen. Nimium sui tamen (quod opera ipsius testantur) admirator, ac pro sententiae cui semel adhaeserat, etiam contra verum contumax, & refractarins. Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. c. 9. Vide plura ibid. & Epist. l. 3. Epist. 19.

Ambr. Calepinus.

There is his Dictionarium Latino Graecum cum addit. Pauli Manutii.

Dictionarium 10 Linguarum.

Georgius Calixtus, a most learned man.

Professor Theologus Helmstadiensis.

Theologorum Germaniae nostrae body princeps & sine pari, Georgius Calixtus, amicus, & olim Collega noster non e multis. Meibomii Maecenas c. 24.

He hath written an Harmony styled Concordia quatuor Evangelicorum Scriptorum, and Tractatus de art nova.

John Calvin.

One of the soundest Divines and of deepest judgment in matters of Religion, both of Doctrine and of Discipline that God gave to his Church this 1000 years. M ^r Travers.

Steven Pasquier a French Writer and a Papist doth much extol his Piety, Wit and Learning, in his Recherches de la France, l. 8. ch. 55. Estoit-il homme bien escrivant taunt en Latin que Francois, & anquel nostre langue Francoise est grande meant redeuable pour l'avoir enrichie d' vne infinite des beaux traicts et à la mieme volante que c'eust este au meilleur subiet: An demeurant homme merueilleusement verse et nourry aux liures de la saint escriture, et tell que s'il cast tourne son esprit à la bonne voye, il pouuoit estre mis an parangon de plus signalez Docteurs de l' Eglise.

He was a good Writer both in Latin and French, and one to whom our French Language is exceedingly obliged, for having enriched it with many good Treatises; and I would they had been upon a better subject. He was marvelously versed and skilled in the books of the holy Scripture, and such a one that if he had turned his spirit the good way, he might have been set for a Paragon of the most famous Doctors of the Church. This and more he hath there of him.

I willingly acknowledge him to have been an excellent instrument in the Church of God, and a man of a deep judgment, specially in the Exposition of holy Scripture (which I think none condemn more then those who have read him least) yet withal I freely confess he had his errors. D ^r Hackw. Apol. l. 5.

Suos naevos haebuit, quanquam in doctrina sua nihil penitus mutavit, quod rarum est in eo presertim qui tam multa scripserit. Mori Calvinus. Vide plura ibid.

His Works have been so profitable to the Church of God that they have been in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Transylvania, Polonia, England, Scotland. His Institutions and Commentaries upon almost all the Scripture, are generally well esteemed.

One writes thus of his Institutions,

Praeter Apostolicas post Christi tempora chartas

Huic peperere libro, secula nulla parem.

His French Works are mentioned by Antoine Du Verdier in his Bibliotheque▪

None hath more solidly refuted the Libertines then he.

Sethus Calvisius Cantor, a Learned Chronologer.

Giraldus Cambrensis.

There is Rerum Hibernicarum appendix eum Ric. Stanhurst.

William Camden, our British Pausanias.

He that is studious of the British History, let him in the first place read Camdens Britain, where (besides a most accurate description of the whole Island) he may learn the name of Britany, the manners of the Britain's, and the History of the Romans in Britain, and many other things most worthy to be known, gathered summarily out of the incorrupt Monuments of ancient Antiquity.

His Annals also of the English and Irish affairs in the Reign of Q. Elizabeth, are excellent.

He was Schoolmaster of Westminster School, and his Monument is in Westminster Abbie.

He lost a Scholars place in Oxford in Queen Mary's days, because of his Religion.

Pope Urbane the 8 ^th , who had the Pictures of divers Learned men in his Gallery, had only the Pictures of two English men, Sir Thomas Moore and Master Camden.

The first Learned man which Peireskius met with in England was William Camden, ill de sua Britannia been meritus. Gassend. De Vita Peireskii, l. 2.

Ioach. Camerarius. He was the great honor of Germany.

He was exquisitely skilled in the Greek Tongue, a godly and wise man.

Adhane autem in omnibus bonis disciplinis eruditionem accesserat pietas singularis, prudentia longo rerum usu confirmata. Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust.

Ioachimus plus habere videtur curae quam naturae. Eras. Epist. l. 26. Epist. 45.

I pray to God continually (saith Casaubon, Epist. Append. Ep. 88. Georgio Remo) ut excitet Camerarios in vestra Germania in nostra Gaul Scaligeros: that he would •• ise up Camerarii in your Germany, Scaligers in our France.

Vivet viri illius, & aetatem florebit lau • intemerata, nec quisquam erit, qui hoc publicum ipsius Elogium. Optimum & Doctissimum Seculi sui fuisse, unquam queat • ripere. Dilher. D • sput. Acad. Dissertat. 18. de Censoribus.

Philippus Camerarius.

His Historical meditations are larger in Latin then English, and of good use.

John Cameron, a Learned Scotchman, as his Praelectiones, Myrothecium Evangelicum, opuscula Miscellanea, and his Amica▪ Collatio de Gratiae & voluntatis humanae concursu in vocatione de Gratia & Libero Arbitrio, and other Works show.

Io. Camers.

There is Tabula Cebetis of his.

Thomas Campanella.

He hath written De sensu rerum & magia lib. 4.

Apologia pro Galilaeo.

Prodromus Philosophiae restaurandae.

Astrologicorum, lib. 7.

Philosophia sensibus demonstrata.

Qu • st. Philologicae, Polit. morales.

Metaphisicarum, l. 18.

Thomas Campegius.

He hath written De Pastorum residentia.

De Rom. Pontifice cum aliis opusc.

De Auctoritate S. Conciliorum Varia opuscula, and other Treatises.

Laur. Campegius.

There is his Oratio ad ordines Imperii.

Johannes Campensis.

His Hebrew Grammar and Learned Paraphrase upon the Psalms and Ecclesiastes according to the Hebrew are published.

Edm Campian, a good Orator.

Tanto Bellarmino inferior eruditione atque doctrina quanto superior cura verborum. Reynold. de lib. Apoc. Tomo primo praelect. 11.

Though the Papists brag much of him, yet our Learned Whitaker hath sufficiently refuted him.

Angelus Caninius, a good Linguist, as his Works show.

Grammaticorum eruditissimus, so he is styled by Downes in his Notes on Chrysostom.

Henricus Canifius and Petrus Canisius, both Learned men.

Petrus Canisius, his Catechism is much approved of by some.

CHAP. X.

GUliel. Canterus, he is preferred before his brother.

Besides his own Belgic Tongue, he was skilled in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, the Germane, French and Italian.

Siquis absolutum specimen desideret hominis studiosi, & ejus qui literis promovendis totus se consecravit, in Gulielmo Cantero ad amussim expressum reperiat. Suffrid. Pet. de Script. Fris.

Besides his Novae lections the third time reviewed and enlarged, he wrote Notes upon Tullius Offices and Epistles, Scholia upon Propertius, and he turned the Works of divers out of Greek into Latin.

His Works are mentioned by Suffridus Petrus.

Theodorus Canterus the others brother.

He hath published a Book styled Variae Lectiones, and Arnobius with his own Annotations.

Melchior Cano, a Spaniard. Inferior to none in the Church for Learning, and for a Papist a man of a singular ingenuity. D ^r Iacks. Comment. on the Creed, Vol. 1. l. 3. c. 13.

His Common places are most esteemed.

Whear in his Method of reading, Hist. parte 1 ^a , Sect. 33. saith, Melchior Cano magni nominis apud pontificios (nec immerito) Theologus.

He is commended by the Jesuit Pererius (tom. in Dan. l. 12. c. 6.) for the most famous Divine that was in the Council of Trent, who explained the mysteries of the holy Scripture more fully then any since his time.

Hieronymus Capivacceus or Capinacca, a famous Professor of Physic in Padua.

Jacobus Cappellus, he was elder brother to Lodovicus Cappel.

His Historia sacra exotica ab Adamo usque ad Augustum is most approved.

He hath written de Mensuris Observationes in 〈…〉 lam ad Hebraeos.

Apology pour les Eglises Reformees.

Ludovicus Cappel, a great Hebrician now living at Somers in France.

His Critica Sacra are more commended by Grotius, then by some of his own Countrymen, and other Learned and Orthodox Writers.

Vir summus meus olim praeceptor. Bocharti Geograph. Sac. parte prior. l 2. c. 8.

His Spicilegium and Diatriba de Voto Iephtae are well liked.

Ludovicus Carbo.

Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Hier. Cardanus, he was a great Scholar, but some much dislike his XII. geniturae exemplares, wherein he speaks strangely of his good and evil qualities, he cast also our Savior Christ's Nativity, showed that he should be a Prophet, and die a violent death Cardanus eo dementiae fuit progressus, ut horoscopum Christi ex astrorum positu meditatus sit, & ex sinistris quibusdam aspectibus nato Christo natis fataele illi praedixerit crucis suspendium. Alsted. Encyclop. l. 32. c. 10.

His Books de Subtilitate and Varietate are most commended.

He wrote a Book de libris propriis. Imitatus sum (saith he) in hoc scribendi genere Galenum, & Erasmum, qui ambo catalogum librorum suorum scripserunt.

George Carleton, he was one of our Divines of Great Britain that was at the Synod of Dort.

His Consensus Ecclesiae Catholicae contra Tridentinos, and his Jurisdiction Regal, Episcopal and Papal are most commended, though he hath published other Works.

John Carion.

His Chronicle with the additions of Philip Melancthon and Gaspar Peucer is commended, and was highly esteemed by M ^r Bolton.

Carolus M. Charles the Great, Anno Dom. 800.

Heros vere magnus, veritate, pietate, sapientia, eruditione & rerum gestarum celebritate nulli cedens. Helv. Chron.

He was Learned in the Greek and Latin Languages, Philosophy, the Mathematics, and other Sciences he called his pastimes.

A Prince great in War and Peace, a great favourer of Justice and Learning, without question the greatest of all Emperors since Constantine the Great, the Phoenix of Germany, another Romutus, and Lycurgus. Ioachimus Camerarius makes a rhetorical comparison between Charles the Great and Augustus Caesar. Pezel Mellif. Histor. parte ter 〈…〉

Every Calling hath a promise from God, which Charles the Great expressed in this verse,

Nenti fila Deus mentem conjungit Olympo.

Carolus quintus, King of France.

He reigned about the year of our Lord 1360. He was called Charles the Wise, for his great Wisdom and Piety, and especially because he caused the holy Scriptures to be translated into the Vulgar Language, that the common people might understand them. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit.

Exercitui raro praesse solebat; aut si praelium conserendum esset, periculo sese subducebat; ac propterea Sapiens est appellatus. Bod. De Repub. l. 5. c. 4.

Carolus nonus, Charles the 9 ^th , King of France, Anno 1560.

His Life is written by Papyrius Massonius.

He was a Prince that had excellent natural gifts, but mingled with vices, wherewith his Governors and Schoolmasters had corrupted his young mind, which at the first was more virtuously inclined, delighting in Music and Poetry. But as he was a great Hunter, that loved to shed the blood of wild beasts, so he suffered also (during his reign) the Protestants blood to be shed, and in revenge thereof in his sickness before his death, great store of blood issued out by vomiting, and by other passages of his body in the two last weeks of his sickness, wherein he endured as much pain and torment, as the strength of youth could suffer in the last pangs of death.

Andrew Melvin hath these verses to Charles the 9 ^th , dying with an unusual flux of blood,

         Naribus, or
         
          •
         
         , oculis, atque auribus; undique, & an
         
          •
         
         ,
        
         Et pene erumpit qui tibi, Carle, cruor.
        
         Non tuus iste cruor sanctorum at caede cruorem
        
         Quem ferus hausisti, concoquere hand poteras.

Nath. Carpenter an able Scholar, as his Geography and Philosophia libera show. Des Cartez, Heereboord in his Epistola Dedicat. to his select Disputat. ex Philos. hath a great commendation of him.

Dionysius Carthusiensis.

For his singular holiness of life he was called Doctor 〈…〉 taticus.

He wrote divers Works, which are in twelve Volumes.

Thomas Cartwright, a Learned and Pious Divine, honourably mentioned by Protestants of other Countries.

His Evangelical Harmony, Comment on Proverbs and Ecclesiastes, Confutation of the Rhemists Translation, Glosses and Annotations, Reply to B. Whitgift, Commentaria practica in totam historicam Evangelicam, and other Works show his great abilities.

Christopher Cartwright.

A Learned, Pious Divine of Peter-house in Cambridge, not only well skilled in the three Learned Languages, Hebrew, Greek and Latin, but also well versed in the Hebrew Rabbins, for which he is honourably mentioned by Voetius in the last Edition of his Bibliotheca, and his Annotations on Genesis and Exodus are well liked by the Learned generally. M ^r Pocok styles him Virum eruditssimum, in not. Miscel. c. 4.

Bartholomaeus Casa.

He hath explained this question, Utrum Reges vel Principes jure aliquo, & salvâ conscientia cives a regia Corona alienare possint.

John de Casa Archbishop of Benevent.

He wrote a Book in Italian rime, wherein he praiseth and exalteth that horrible sin of Sodomitry, and names it a Divine work, and affirmeth he took great pleasure therein.

He hath written the life of Bembus and Gasp. Contarenus.

Then the question was (saith Thuanus ) concerning Claudius Espencaeus a Divine of Paris, and John Case the Popes Secretary, about making them Cardinals: Nobleness of birth and learning, commended both of them, although different, for one of them being brought up in the study of Divinity, grew old in his profession, the other in eloquence and in the skill of writing elegant Latin, was to be compared with the Ancients; but their manners were very different, Espencaeus excelled in holiness of life and chastity of manners, but Casa in licentiousness, and using the liberty of the place in which he lived, he led his life wantonly, therefore both of them were accused to the Pope by their Competitors; Espencaeus, that he had in a Sermon spoken disgracefully of the golden Legend, as they commonly call it, and that he said it was rather to be called an iron Legend, and afterward he was compelled publicly to recant, as Sleyden relates, the other because he was reported in his youth in verse to have praised that which is abominable, and so for several causes, both of them lost that dignity.

Io▪ Casus, a Learned Oxonian.

He hath put out Ethics and Politicks and other Works.

Isaac Casaubone, a great Linguist, but a singular Grecian, and an excellent Philologer.

He hath written in 12 Books of his Exercitat. Animadversions on those 12 Tomes of Baronius his Annals.

Scaliger in an Epistle to Casaubone, commends his Book de Satyra, and in another, his Theophrastus h •• Charecters. It were no difficult task out of Scaligers Epistles, to excerpe Elog •• upon most of Casaubons Woe • ks.

Incomparabilis vir Isacius Casaubonus divinis in Augustam historiam Commentaries. Scalig. Animadversion. in Euseb.

Nihil vidi absolutius Commentario Casauboni in Suetonium. Scalig. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 29. Vide ejus Epist. l. 1, Ep. 35. & Epist. 40. & 50. & 92. & l. 2. Epist. 104, & 106, & 115, 117. l. 3. Ep. 272. l. 4. Ep. 384.

D ^r Merick Causabone is also the heir of his Fathers Learning, as his Works show.

Georg. Cassander.

Vir doctus & moderatus. Thuanus. A man professing himself a Roman Catholic, though of wonderful modesty, moderation and Learning. Mountag. Answ. to the Gagger of Protest. Sect. 36.

A man famous for his immoderate moderation in Controversall points of Religion. Smect.

He was a man of such note and eminency in his time, that two Emperors, viz. Ferdinand the first, and Maximilian the second, made choice of him above all, as a man most meet to compose (if it might be) the difference betwixt Protestants and them of the Church of Rome, as D ^r Featly hath observed.

Cassandra Fidelis Veneta, Nata 1465. Puella doctissima.

Politian writes a whole Epistle in her commendation.

He begins it thus,

O Decus Italiae virgo: quas dicere grates: quasve refer parem: quod etiam honor me tuarum literarum non ded • gnaris: mira profecto fides: tales proficisci a foemina: quid autem a foemina dico: immo vero a puella, & virgins potuisse.

Again, At vero aetate nostra: qua pauci quoque virorum caput altius in literis extulerunt: unicam te tamen existere puellam: quae pro lana librum: pro fuso calamum: stylum pro acu tractes.

Afterwards, Scribis Epistolas Cassandra subtiles: acutas: elegantes: latinas: & quanquam puellari quadam gratia: virginali quadam simplicitate dulcissimas: tamen etiam mire graves & Cordatas. Orationem quoque tuam legimus eruditam: l • cupletem: sonoram: illustrem: plenamque laeta indolis. Sed nec extemporalem tibi deesse facultatem accepimus: quae magnos etiam oratores aliquando destituit.

Mirari equidem ante hac Ioannem Picum Mirandulam solebam: quo nec pulchrior alter mortalium nec in omnibus (arbitror) doctrinis excellentior. Ecce nunc etiam te Cassandra: post illum protinus caepi: fortasse jam cum illo quoque venerari.

Io. Cassianus, Anno Domini 430.

He was Chrysostom's Scholar.

Most of his Works are mentioned in Oxford and Zion-College Catalogue.

M. Aurel Cassiodorus, he wrote about the year of our Lord 520, or 530.

His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Petrus Cassiodorus.

He hath written de tyrannide Pontificis Romani.

Petrus Castellanus.

Aureliarum Episcopus, Francisco rege & Errico, literis in Gaul nostra velut Apollo alter praefuit. Turneb. Advers. l. 24.

He hath written four Books de Esu Carnium.

Petrus Castellanus a Learned Physician.

He hath written a Book entitled Vitae illustrium Medicorum veterum & recentiorum.

Alphonsus à Castro, one of the Doctors of the Council of Trent.

He is commended by Vega for the most forcible Adversary against Luther. Vega l. 16. de Iustif.

He hath written contra Heresies.

Ambrosius Cathurinus. His Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Frier Dominicus Soto, who had a great part in the Synod of Trent, in framing the Decrees of Original sin, and Justification, having noted all the opinions and reasons used in those Discussions, thought to communicate them unto the world, and to draw the words of the Decree to his own meaning, printed a Book containing the whole together, and did entitle it De Natura & Gratia, and did Dedicate it with an Epistle to the Council, to be (as he said in the Dedication) a Commentary of the two foresaid Decrees. Coming to the Article of the certainty of grace, he said in a long Discourse, that the Synod had declared, that a man cannot know he hath grace by so great Certainty, as is that of Faith, excluding all doubt. Catarin • s newly made Bishop of Minori, having defended the contrary, and still persevering, did print a little book, with an Epistle Dedicatory to the same Synod; the scope whereof was, to maintain that the Councils meaning was not to condemn the opinion of him that saith A just man may know he hath grace, as certainly as he knoweth the Articles of Faith to be true: yea that the Council hath decided that he is bound to believe it, because in the 26 Canon it hath condemned him that saith, That the just man ought not to hope for and expect a reward, it being necessary, that he that ought to hope as a just man, should know he is so. In this contrariety of opinions, both writing affirmatively to the Council; either of them did not only say that his opinion was the opinion of the Synod, but afterwards wrote also and Printed Apologies and Antipologies; making complaints to the Synod the one of the other, of attributing that to it, which it never said, bringing divers testimonies of the Fathers to prove their own opinion: who bare witness some for one, some for another. This seemed to put all men out of hope to understand the meaning of the Council, seeing the principal men that were present in it did not agree. History of the Counc. of Trent, l. 2. p. 229, 230.

Cato, he was called Cato Censorius to distinguish him from Cato Uticensis.

Pliny l. 7. c. 21. gives him a threefold Elogy, he saith he was Optimus Orator, optimus Imperator, optimus Senator, the best Orator, the best Commander, the best Senator.

M. Porcius Cato Censorius, historieus eximius, & aliis quoque nominibus laudatissimus. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 5.

Plutarch wrote his life.

Catullus , Dulcissimus omnium poetarum & politissimus. Turneb. Advers. l. 12. c. 1.

Jacobus Cavacius. There is his Historia Caenobii D. Iustinae Patavinae.

Nemo sor • e melius nostra hac aetate monstravit quid valeat vivida, & foelix, ingenii ab ipsa natura vis, quam Jacobus Cavacius condiscipulus olim noster & amicus omnium horarum. Histeriarum libri sex brevissimo temporis intervallo absoluti, eruditorum manibus t • runtur, quos Phoenix Litteratorum Isaacus Casaubonus unice •• rabatur. Pignori • Miscella Elog. Adclamat. &c.

Nicol. Caussinus, a very eloquent French Papist, and yet living.

There are these Works of his,

Eloquentiae Sacrae & humanae Paralela.

De Symbolica Aegyptiorum Sapientia.

Polyhistor Symbolicus.

L • Co • r Saint.

The • u • us Graecae Poeseos.

Many of his Works are translated into English.

Aurelius Cornelius Celsus , a Learned Physician. Vir in omni disciplina summus, Augusti principatu, vel Tiberii floruit. Castellanus de vitis medicorum. Vide plura ibid. Hippocrates ill Romanus.

He imitates Hippocrates, as Marcellus doth Scribonius, Virgil Homer, and Oribasius Galene, sed tam occulte, ut non facile deprehendas, nisi in Hippocrate multum sis versatus. Gaius de libris propriis.

Conradus Celtes. He was in esteem in the time of Frederick the Emperor, by whom, through the persuasion of the Duke of Saxony, he was adorned with a Poetical Laurel in the 32 year of his age, and was the first of the Germans that was honored with this title. Boxhorn. Monum. Illust. Vir. & Elog. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 3. c. 10.

He and Eobanus Hessus were two of the most famous Poets of Germany.

He hath put out several Works:

Index eorum omnium quae in orationem venire possunt.

De situ & moribus Germaniae.

De Conscribendis Epistolis.

Urbis Norembergae descriptio, Poemata: and other Works.

CHAP. XI.

CEnturiae Ecclesiasticae.

Four Saxons gathered together in the City of Magdeburge, viz. Flaccus Illyricus, Johannes Vigandus, Matthaeus Iudex, and Basilius Faber, in religion rigid Luther anes took upon them to write the whole Ecclesiastical History from Christ to their times by centuries or ages, allowing a hundred year to every age, whence they are called Centuriatores. Pars. threefold Convers. of Engl. part. 1. l. 2. c. 5.

Lucas Osiander hath epitomized the eight first Centuries of the Magdeburgenses, so that he hath scarce omitted anything necessary to be known.

All godly learned men, and truly fearing God (saith Melchior Adam in vita Wigandi ) have with Sturmius approved that Ecclesiastical History, and to this day approve it, because they see an Idea as it were of the Church of Christ in its several Centuries contained in it, according to its propagation, persecution, tranquility, doctrine, heresy, Ceremonies, Government, schisms, Synods, persons, miracles, Martyrdoms, the Religion out of the Church and Politick State of the Empire.

Jacobus Ceratinus.

He died at Lovain in the flower of his Age, Anno 1530.

Ludovicus de la Cerda, a learned and industrious man.

He hath put out these Works,

Adversaria sacra.

Psalterii Salomonis, &c. Gr. MS. Codice Latina versio.

De excellentia Coelestium Spirituum, imprimis de Angeli custodis Ministerio.

Annotationes in Tertullianum.

Com. in Lib. Virgilii, and other Works.

Antonius Rodolphus Cevallerius, a Norman, a great Hebrician.

There are Rudimenta Hebraicae linguae recognita, & aucta ab eodem, cum Pet. Cevallerii Annot. & Joh. Tremellii Epistola.

Petrus Cevallorius, a French man, and very expert in the Hebrew.

Vir linguae sanctae dum viveret, peritissimus, mihique ob singularem pietatem & morum probitatem charissimus. Casaub. Animadversion. in Athen. l. 3. c. 28.

Demetrius Chalcondylas, a diligent Grammarian, who being himself a Grecian by Nation, was Professor of the Greek in Italy.

Daniel Chamierus a Frenchman, who in his Panstratiae Catholicae hath so learnedly refuted the Papists, that none of them hath made any answer to it.

His Epistolae Iesuiticae, and Corpus Theology also show his great abilities.

There is also a Work of his in French, entitled, La Confusion Des Disputes Papists Par Daniel Chamier. And another in answer to some Questions of Coton the Jesuit, which I cannot purchase.

He was killed at Mountaban with a Canon▪ bullet (which had a C. on it) on the Lord's-day. Being asked by one before, Whether he preached on that day? He said, it was his day of repose or rest, and so it proved, though he meant it in another sense.

Peter Charon a French Papist.

He hath written a fine Treatise De La Sagesse, if he be not beholding to others for it.

Galfridus Chaucerus, Ieffery Chaucer, he was born in Oxfordshire.

He first of all so illustrated the English Poetry, that he may be esteemed our English Homer. He is our best English Poet, and Spencer the next.

         Praedicat Algerum merito Florentia Dantem,
        
         Italia & numeros tota Petrarcha tuos.
        
         Anglia
         
          Chaucerum
         
         veneratur nostra Poeta
        
         Cui Veneres debet patria lingua suas.
         
          Lel.
         
         lib. Epig.

He seems in his Works to be a right Wiclevian, as that of the Pelican and Griffin shows.

He was an acute Logician, a sweet Rhetorician, a facetious Poet, a grave Philosopher, and a holy Divine.

His Monument is in Westminster▪ Abbey.

Chaucerus linguam patriam magna ingenii solertia ac cultura plurimùm ornavit, itemque alia, cum Joannis Mone poema de art amandi Gallice tantùm legeretur, Anglico illud metro feliciter reddidit. Voss. De Histor▪ Lat. l. 3. c. 2.

Antoine de Chandieu, a learned French Divine.

Beza highly commends his Book of the Marks of the true Church.

There are other Works also of his,

De l' unique Sacrifice.

Contre les Traditions.

Sir John Cheek. He was Schoolmaster to King Edward the 6 ^th , and most skillful in Greek and Latin.

He was Public Orator, and Greek Reader in Cambridge. In the discharge of the later he went over Sophocles twice, all Homer, all Euripides, and part of Her • dotus.

Roger Ascham in the first Book of his Epistles, speaking of him and Sir Thomas Smith, saith, Qui si adscribendum se dedissent, nec in Sadoleto Italia, nec in Longolio Gaul, justius, quam in istis duobus Anglia gloriata fuisset.

He was the first Regius Professor of the Greek Tongue in Cambridge, as Sir Thomas Smith was of Law. They were both Fellows of the same College, both Professors in the same University, both Officers of State in the same Court, both wrote De pronunciatione linguae Graecae. They two especially by their advice and example brought the study of Tongues, and other politer Learning first into request in Cambridge.

Under God Sir John Cheek was a special instrument of the propagation of the Gospel, and that religion which we now profess in this Kingdom. For he not only sowed the seeds of that Doctrine in the heart of Prince Edward, which afterward grew up iuto a general Reformation, when he came to be King, but by his means the same saving truth was gently instilled into the Lady Elizabeth, by those who by his procurement were admitted to be the Guides of her younger studies.

In Henry the eighths time his friends and familiars were most of those worthy men which proved Reformers in King Edwards days, and either Martyrs or exiles in Queen Mary's. His foreign acquaintance were Sleidan, Melancthon, Sturmius, Bucer, Camerarius, Celius, Peter Martyr, and others, great Scholars, and good Protestants.

He went into Low-Germany, Ut uxorem educeret, saith Sleiden, to fetch his wife from thence. These words were corrupted into Uxorem duceret by Thuanus and others, for he was married before.

In his return from Bruxwels to Antwerp he was apprehended by a Provost-Martial from King Philip, and so conveyed speedily away to the Tower of London. He was there by threatenings, and other ways brought to a recantation, for which he was after much troubled, and so died.

Sir John Cheeks Works were,

Introductio Grammatices, l. 1.

De Ludi magistrorum officio, l. 1.

De Pronunciatione linguae Graecae.

Correctiones Herodoti, Thucididis, Platonis, Demosthenis, & Xenophontis, lib. plurimis.

Epitaphia. l. 1.

Panegyricus in nativitatem Edvardi Principis.

Elegia de aegrotatione & obitu Edvardi 6 ^ti .

In obitum Antonii Dennei. l. 1.

De obitu Buceri.

Commentarii in Psalmum 139. & alios.

An liceat nubere post Divortium, lib. 1.

De Fide justificante, lib. 1.

De aqua lustrali, cineribus & palmis, ad Wintoniensem, l. 1.

De Eucharistiae Sacramento, l. 1.

Collegit in Parliamento argumenta & rations ex utraque parte super negotio Eucharistiae.

Libellus de damno ex seditione.

He translated also other things out of Greek into Latin, and out of English into Latin.

Martinus Ch • mnitius.

A most famous and learned Doctor of Divinity, in the Church of Brunswick.

His Harmony and other Theological writings are most profitable, especially that excellent Work, or rather most rich Theological Bibliotheque, which contains both a Refutation of the Council of Trent, and also an Explication of the whole Doctrine of the Church: to be read daily by all to whom the knowledge of the truth is welcome, saith Neander.

Andreas du Chesne, the King of France his Geographer. He hath put out divers French Books.

Renatus Chopinus.

There are several Books of his.

Monasticon.

De Sacra Politia.

De Civil. Paris moribus.

De domanio Franciae & Privilegiis Rusticorum.

Panegyricus Henrici quarti, and other Works.

Immanuel Chrysoloras of Constantinople.

He first brought back again the Greek Language after seven hundred years and Learning into Italy, writing a Grammar, and he stirred up the Europeans against Bajazet. Pezel. Mellif. Histor. part. 3.

See Antoine du Verdier his Preface to his Bibliotheque.

He came to Italy under Boniface the 9 ^th , and first taught at Venice, then at Florence, afterward he went to the Council of Constance, there he was put to death, and was praised at his Funeral by Poggius his Scholar.

Petrus Chrysologns , the golden spoken man.

He was Archbishop of Ravenna 450 years after Christ.

His Works are in one Volume.

John Chrysostom, Anno Dom. 400. 398. saith Calvisius.

A Greek and Ecclesiastical writer, a writer no less profitable then copious, no less copious then sweet, Quo nemo ex antiquis aut majore dexteritate scripturas tractavit, aut populum docuit salubrius aut haereticos oppugnavit acrius, quo nemo aut ad virtut is studia inflammavit vehementius, aut vitia sui temporis insectatus est liberius. Bois in the Preface to his Notes upon Chrysostom's third Tome. Post sacra Biblia & Paulinas imprimis Epistolas nullum novi scriptum, in quo, qui concionatores sunt, & Greece non nesciunt, majore cum fructu versentur, quam in beata Chrysostomi homiliis, quas it a numeros as reliquit, ut nemo plures, it a bonas ut nemo meliores, it a disertas & dilucidas, ut nihil ne excogitari quidem possit disertum aut dilucidum magis. Bois ibid.

The soundest Interpreter I think of all the Greek and Latin Fathers. D ^r Hackw. Apol. l. 5. The Christian Demosthenes.

Although he very well answers his name, yet he sometimes redounds with words, and seems immoderate in digressions. Eras. Epist. l. 28. Epist. 7.

He doth excellently on the New Testament.

There is Opus imperfectum on Matthew in Latin, of which there is nothing to be found in the Greek books of Chrysostom's, Opus sine dubio ab aliqno ex Latinis Patribus confectum, nec minùs erudito, nec minus fortasse antiquo nostro Johanne. Sir Henry Savill in his Notes on Chrysost.

Quando Chrysostomi cognomen Johanni nostro tribui coeptum, non est facile statuere.

See of this at the beginning of the Notes at the end of Chrysostom's eighth Tome put out by Sir Henry Savill.

David Chytraeus. He was a good Mathematician, as his Master also Philip M • lancthon was.

Petrus Ciaconius, a very learned man, and a great Restorer of ancient Writers.

His Opuscula and his Notes upon Caesar and Hirtius, and De Triclinio Rom & De vita scriptisque ejus, are published.

CHAP. XII.

M. CIcero. Anno Mundi 3855. Helv. Chron.

He was born in Arpinum.

He propounded to himself Demosthenes for a pattern to imitate, whence he was called the Roman Demosthenes.

Some think that he exceeds Demosthenes, and Virgil Homer.

Oratores vero vel praecipue Latinam eloquentiam parem facere Graecae possunt. Nam Ciceronem cuicunque eorum fortiter opposuerim. Ille se profecisse sciat, cui Cicero valde placebit. Quintil. Institut. Orat. l. 10. c. 1.

He compares there Tully and Demosthenes, and concludes, Salibus certe & commiseratione qui duo plurimum affectus valent vincimus. Quid quod & Cicero dissimilimus Demosthenis: Nihil enim adjici alteri: Nihil alteri detrahi potest: videlicet orationis ill succu • alteri quidem pene deest: alteri vero quasi superfluit. Polit. l. 5. Epist. Ep. 1.

Terentius Varro and Julius Caesar chose him for an Umpire, when both wrote concerning the Latin Tongue, the first of Etymology, the other of Analogy. See Plin. l. 7. c. 30.

Romani maximus auctor eloquii. Aug. de civit. Dei, l. 14. c. 18. Vide Campianum de imitat. Rhetor. c. 2.

Non tantum perfectus Orator, sed etiam Philosophus fuit, siquidem solus extitit Platonis imitator. Lactant. Institut. l. 1. De falsa relig.

Some therefore prefer his Philosophical Works.

His Offices was the first book that was printed, and an excellent piece.

Liber non suo pretio habitus ideo quod omnium manibus teritur. Grotii Ep. ad Gallos.

His Epistles ad Atticum are an excellent History of those-times.

He set himself to imitate the Grecians, he expresseth the form of Demosthenes, the copiousnesse of Plato, the pleasantness of Isocrates, saith Quintilian in the place before-cited.

His Repetitions without any Reason sometimes are disliked by Ramus, and his vain-glorious boasting.

O fortunatam natam me Consule Romam:

Cedant arma togae, concedat laurea linguae.

Yet Turnebus in his 7 ^th book of his Adversaria, c. 19. both defends Tully, and that former verse.

Versus ill Ciceronis, qui obtrectatorum ejus & invidorum virulentos morsus excitavit in ipsum.

O fortunatam natam me Consule Romam.

hanc opinor sententiam centinet, •• licem illo Reipublicae statu Romam fuisse, quam constituerat confirmaratque in Consulatu, optimatum enim potestatem & Senatus auctoritatem stabilierat, & cum principibus conjunxerat equites. Neque vero est cur vel à Quintil. lib. 9. c. 4. vel Juven. Sat. 19. versus irrideatur ob iterationem earundem syllabarum, hoc enim veteres in deliciis habebant, ut Maro 3. Aeneid.

—tales casus Cassandra canebat.

Many which strive to imitate Tully, differ much from him, and among themselves.

Aspice nunc eos homines: qui sibi elegerunt Marcum Tullium imitandum: quantum ab eo distent: quantum etiam inter se dissimiles sint. Profluentem quandam sine modestia ubertatem Linius arripuit: acumen Quintilianus: sonum Lactantius: leuitatem Curtius: elegantiam Columella. Polit. Epist. l. 8. Epist. 17. Vide Campianum de Imit. Rhetor. c. 4, 5. & 6.

John Claimund President of Corpus Christi College in Oxford.

He hath written learned Commentaries upon all Pliny's Natural History.

Isidorus Clarius.

He hath written,

In Evang. Lucae.

In Sermones Domini in Monte.

De modo divitiarum.

Orationes Extraordinariae.

Scholia in Novum Testamentum.

Claudia Rufina, Anno Dom. 80.

Martial the Poet commends her in his Epigrams for her beauty, fruitfulness, conjugal fidelity, learning, and her husband for his courtesy, friendship, liberality, piety, learning, study and Ciceronian -eloquence.

Claudianus a famous Poet.

He flourished in the times of Theodosius, and his sons Arcadius and Honorius. Alexandria in Egypt was his Country. He was much esteemed, for the most learned Emperors say, that in him alone was both Virgil's mind, and Homers muse. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Histor. Dial. 4.

There are these Works of his,

Epistola Sidonio.

Carmina de Fontibus Apeni.

The Rape of Proserpine, englished by learned Digges.

Claudius the Emperor, though simple, was not illiterate.

Christophorus Clavius, a Jesuit, and famous Professor of the Mathematics at Rome.

His several Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Nic. de Clamangis.

He flourished about the year 1416. a pious and learned man, a follower of politer speech and learning. Illyr. Catal. Test. verit. l. 19.

His Works are together in one Volume.

Clemens Alexandrinus, so called, because he was Governor of the School at Alexandria after Pantanus his Master. He lived under Severus and Caracalla, as himself witnesseth, l. 1. Strom.

He was Origen's Master, saith Bellarmine.

He lived about the year 200, viz. in the beginning of the third Age or Century. Calvis. in his Chronology saith, he flourished in the year of Christ 194.

He wrote a little after the death of Commodus. He abounded in all sacred and exotic knowledge to a miracle, and those many excellent Monuments of his wit which are published, he doth imbellish with much learning and many testimonies of Christians, Philosophers, and also Heretics.

Eusebius l. 5 Hist. c. 10. saith, He was exercised in the Divine Scriptures. Casaub. Exercit. 1. ad Baron. apparat. p. 2. calls him inexhaustae Doctrinae virum.

Clemens Romanns Episcopus.

He is the first and most ancient of all writers since the Apostles.

He is counted by some of the Papists to be the Author of the Apostolical Constitutions. He was contemporary to the Apostles, and is mentioned by S ^t Paul as his fellow-worker, Phil 4. 3.

Nicholaus Clenardus was of Brabant.

He was a good Linguist, most skillful in the Hebrew, Greek and Latin Tongues, and taught them all with praise at Lovain, to which that he might add the profession of the Arabic, he travelled almost ten years.

It is said, that he was killed by his own slave which taught him Arabic, because he thought he would make use of his skill therein against the Alcoran.

There is his Grammatica Graeca, his Epistolae, Mediationes Graecanicae in Artem Graecam.

Cleobulina daughter to Cleobulus, one of the seven Wise men of Greece. She wrote certain Riddles in hexameter verses.

John. Climachus, in the year 580.

His Works are Greek and Latin.

There is his Vita & Opuscula, Scala Paradisi.

John. Cloppenburgus a learned Writer. There is his Book Contra Socinum, and others.

Carolus Clusius, a great Linguist. Lipsius thus sported on him,

Omnia Naturae dum Clusi, arcana recludis,

Clusius haud ultra sis, sed Aperta mihi.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Pet. Cluniacensis. In the year 1150.

He was called Venerabilis Petrus. His Works are in one Volume.

Philippus Clunerius. His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Vir stupendae lectionis & curae. Dilher. Dispute. Acad.

Princeps aetatis nostrae Geographus. Voss. de Histor. Graec.

Magnum Germaniae ornamentum doctissimus Cluuerius noster, Voss. Hist. Pelag.

John à Coch, or Cocceius.

Amama in an Epistle to Martinius before that book of his, entitled, Duo tituli Thalmudici Sanhedrin & Maccoth, gives this Elogy of him, Excitatum eum divinitus esse statuo ad provehenda altius linguarum Orientalium studia, & reseranda nobis Iudaeorum sacraria. Nullus equidem Christianorum tantum in thalmudicis publice unquam praestitit, quantum ill eruditissimo hoc & de quo non nisi eruditissimi judicabunt, scripto.

His Exposition of Job, the small Prophets, and his Book De foedere, are well esteemed.

Christ. Columbus an Italian, a most skillful Cosmographer.

He found out America, called the New world Anno 1492.

Columbus by his glorious discoveries more justly deserved a place for a Ship among the Southern constellations, then ever the Argonantes did for their so celebrated Argo. M ^r George Sandys Commentary upon the 13 ^th Book of Ovid's Metamorphosis.

To him most truly agrees Plus ultrá.

Realdus Columbus , Anatomicorum post Vesalium princeps. Neand.

Pet. Comestor.

He and Peter Lombard and Gratian were brethren born in adultery, as some hold, but Bellarmine thinks that opinion is without ground, seeing they were of several Countries.

Philip de Commines Knight, was born at Commines a Town in Flanders.

In his youth he served Charles Duke of B • rgnudy, and afterward Lewis the 11 ^th of that name King of France, who employed him in his weightiest and secretest affairs. The French Tongue he spake perfectly and eloquently, the Italian, Dutch and Spanish reasonably well.

He hath written the History of France under Lewis the 11 ^th and Charles the 8 ^th his Son.

He was the Spectator and actor of his History.

Nothing more grieved him, then that in his youth he was not trained up in the Latin Tongue, which his misfortune he often bewailed. The Emperor Charles the fifth, and Francis the first King of France made so great account of this History, that the Emperor carried it continually about with him, and the King was much displeased with the publishing thereof.

Philippus Cominius rerum gerendarum usu clarissimus senator. Bod. de Repub. lib. 3. cap. 7.

He in his History dived so far into, and writ so plainly of the greatest affairs of State, that Queen Catharine de Medices used to say, that he had made as many heretics in State-policy, as Luther had done in Religion.

Stephanus Paschasius hath this Epitaph of him,

         Gallorum, & nostrae laus una & gloria gentis,
        
         Hic
         
          Cominaee
         
         jaces, si modo forte jaces:
        
         Historiae vitam potuisti reddere vivus,
        
         Extincto vitam reddidit Historia.

Hier▪ Commelinus.

Annas Comnenas. Empresse of the East, a learned woman. She hath written eight books, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 De rebus à Patre gestis Gr.

CHAP. XIII.

COncilia Councils.

There were six Oecumenical Councils, orthodox, and almost received by all.

Bishop Andrew's in his Sermon on Numb. 10. v. 1, 2. reckons up seven. See that Sermon.

The first Nicene Council called by the Emperor Constantine the Great against Arius, who denied the Deity of Christ. This was held in the year of our Lord 325. at Nice in Bithinia. It consisted of 318 Bishops. The Fathers of that Council did publish a Creed against the Arians.

The greatest of all Councils next to the Apostles Council, the great Council of Nice of 318 Bishops.

Urbs Nicaea clara à Synodo Nicaena, quo coacti à Magno Constantino primo Christiano Imperatore convenorunt contra Arium Alexandrinum in Aegypto Diaconum 318 Episcopy, quorum plerique Constantia tempore persecutionis & dono miraculorum clari fuere, teste Eusebio probatissimo Graeco scriptore. Neand. Geog. parte 2 ^da . Vide Aug. Roch. Biblioth. Vatic. p. 58. to 75. of all these Councils.

The first Constantinopolitan Council called by the Emperor Theodosius the elder against Macedonius, who denied the Deity of the holy Ghost, in the year of the Lord 383, or 384.

The first Ephesine Council called by Theodosius the younger against Nestorius, who held, That there were two persons in Christ, in the year 430, or 434.

4. The Chalcedonian Council called by the Emperor Martian against Eutyches, which affirmed, That there was only one Nature in Christ after the Incarnation, in the year of the Lord 451, or as some 452, and others 454.

To these two other Councils are added, the fifth, the second Constantinopolitan, in the year 548, or as others reckon it 553. called by Justinian against the Arians, Nestoriaens, Eutychians.

The sixth is the third Constantinopolitan Council against the Monothelites, in the year 681, called by Constantine Pognatus or Barbarus.

For the Council of Trent Calvin wrote against it whilst it sat, and Chemnitz and Gentilettus since. Vide ejus Exam. Conc. Trid. l. 3. Sess. 12.

Because nothing was resolved by the Fathers at the Council of Trent, but all in Rome, a blasphemous Proverb was generally used, That, The Synod of Trent was guided by the holy Ghost sent thither, from time to time in a Cloak-bag from Rome.

In this mock-Council, the Pope which was the principal party accused of Heresy, was the only Judge and disposer of all things passed therein against all good Examples, Laws, Equity and Reason.

Though the Council of Trent hath been sufficiently answered by the Protestant Divines, yet that excellent History of the Council of Trent was never answered by the Papists.

In the Council of Constance Communion under both kinds, and Wycliffe’s opinions were condemned.

John Hus and Jerome of Prague were burned against faith given, and safe conduct granted by the Emperor. Then that wicked maxim was established, Haeretici • fides non est seruanda, which is against Nature, Scripture, and the Law of Nations.

There is Summa Conciliorum & Pontificum à Petro usque ad Concilium Tridenti num per Bartholomaeum Caranzam Ord. praedicat.

The National Synod of Dort began in the year 1618. To which were sent from England, France, Germany, and other Reformed Churches, many Learned and Orthodox Divines, to discuss and unfold those unhappy Arminian Controversies with which the Low-countries was then molested.

Confessiones variae.

The Confessions of Faith of the Churches professing the Gospel, having been long ago exhibited to the several Princes of the Countries, States and Kingdoms where these Churches are, are now of • ate very profitably published to the just conviction of all such as slander the Reformed Churches to be variably distracted and rent in sunder with infinite differences of Faith.

Beza hath put out the Harmony of Confessions with Notes upon it.

The most famous is the Augustine Confession.

The Elector of Saxony with the other Princes and Protestant Cities joined with him, presented to the Emperor Charles the fifth, the Confession of their Faith, written in Latin and Dutch, which afterward from this place, where it was read was called Augustana. It contained two parts: in the first was expounded one and twenty Articles of their Creed. In the second were expounded the Doctrines which were different from the Church of Rome, and the abuses which the Confessionists reproved. The Cities which followed the Doctrine of Zwingli, presented apart the Confession of their Faith, not differing from the former, but only in the point of the Eucharist. History of the Council of Trent, translated by Sir Nathan. Brent, l. 1. p. 54. See Sleid. Comment. lib. 7. and Melch. Ad. in vita Brentii.

Conformities.

There was printed at Bononia in Italy, Anno 1590. a book entitled, Liber Conformitatum Beati ac Seraphici Patris Francisci, written by one Bartholomeus Pisanus a Franciscan Frier, and published by one Hieronymus Buchius, of which book it is affirmed in the Title page, that it is Liber Aureus, a golden book.

There he paints a tree; at the top whereof is Christ, and at the root S ^t Francis: the tree hath twenty branches on the right, and twenty on the left side, and every branch hath four particular fruits; in all eighty: These are equally divided between Christ and S ^t Francis, forty to the one, and forty to the other, and each couple or pair of these is one point of Conformity between Christ and S ^t Francis, consisting in all upon forty particulars, wherein they begin at the birth, and the conception, nay at the very Prophecies and Promises made of Christ, and so proceed to his life, his death, his resurrection and ascension: and in all, and every of these, and everything else whatsoever may be said of Christ, the very same do they not shame to affirm of that man Francis.

This was not the superfluity of idle and superstitious Monks brains, but the public Act of their Church, and many Popes one after another allowed it, and by their Charters have confirmed the truth of this Story.

Constantine the Great was born in Britain, of Helena a Britain, as Baronius shows Tom. 3. Annal. Eccles. ad ann. 306. and B. Usher De Primord. Eccles. Britain. cap. 8. M ^r Selden in his Notes on Eutychius.

Constantine the son of a Bretan Lady, Helena, rarely godly: but as women too often are, too zealous beyond knowledge . See Balaeus his first Century of the Writers of Britain concerning Helene.

Ut fidei forma cunctis videretur, Evangelium Jesus Christi ante se semper ferri fecit, & Biblia sacra ad omnes provincias derinari: diademaque monarchicum primus Brittannis regibus dedit. Balaeus de Script. Britain. Cent. 1.

Robert Constantine. He was Beza's great friend, he was (saith Thuanus) trium linguarum peritissimus, most skilifull in three Languages, especially in Greek and Latin.

He lived till he was a hundred and three years old, his senses of body and mind being perfect, and his memory strong.

These are his Works,

Lexicon Graeco-Latinum.

Nomenclator insignium Scriptorum.

Dictionarium abstrusorum vocabulorum.

Gasper Contarenus, a Cardinal, a learned and pious man, say some.

The Doctrine of Justification is handled by him conformable to the Doctrine of Luther and Calvin, and directly against that which was concluded in the Council of Trent; this he wrote in the year 1541. a little before that Council.

His Works are in one Volume.

He hath written,

De Elementis corumque mixtionibus.

De Potestate Summi Pontificis.

Summa de Conciliis.

De Rep. Veneta, and other Works.

Ant. Conti • s a great Lawyer.

He hath written many Works about the Civil-Law.

Adam Contzen, a subtle Jesuit.

He hath written,

Politicorum. l. 10.

Coronis omnium Iubilorum anno saeculari Evangelico Scriptorum.

In quatucr Evangelia Comment.

Comment. in Epistolam ad Romans.

Aulae speculum sive de Statu, & vita aulicorum.

Methodus doctrinae Civilis, and other things.

Sir Edward Cook, very expert in the municipal Laws of our Land, as his Reports, Commentary on Littletons Institutes, and other learned Works in the Law show.

Robert Cook of Leeds in Yorkshire hath published a learned Book, styled Censura quorundam Scriptorum veterum.

Nicolaus Copernicus, a great Mathematician.

Tycho Brahe calls him, Alterum Ptolomaeum. Nay, he saith, Epist. Astronom l. 1. Chrystoph. Rothman. Hypothesium concinnitate, & compendiosa Harmonia invenienda, eum longe exupera • at, scientia & ingenio, si quis alius, eminebat, quaeque à Geometria Arithmeticaque ad hanc Artem constituendam requirebantur, perfectissime callebat.

He held, That the Earth moved, and the Heavens stood still, by occasion of which Hypothesis, our Countryman William Gilbert brought in his Magnetical Philosophy.

Hinc ergo videtur fuisse primùm facta Gulielmo Gilberto, occasio cudendae, atque invehendae Philosophiae magneticae, quatenus terram magnum magnetem, & magnetem terellam se • parram terram habuit, ac à diurna terrae circa suum axem verticitate pendere eam, quae est in magnete, magneticisque corporibus, statuit. Gassend. in vita Copernici.

Nec tot inconvenientia à terrae motu proveniunt quot plerique arbitrantur, qui quoniam naturalis erit, insensibilis • vadit. Tych. Brah. Epist. Astron. lib. 1. Christ. Rothman.

Maturinus Corderius.

His Latin Works are reckoned by Gesner in his Bibliotheca, and his French by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

Corinnas.

There were three learned women of that name.

The first a Thebane, which is reported to have overcome Pindar the Prince of the Lyricks five times, and to have put forth five Books of Epigrams.

Propertius in his second Book speaks of her.

Et suae cum antiquae committit scripta Corinnae.

The second was a Thespian, very much celebrated by the Ancients.

The third flourished in the times of Ovid, and was most dear to him.

Johannes Cornarius a most famous Physician.

Cornelia the mother of the Gracchi, she hath left Epistles written most accurately. From her the eloquence of her sons did proceed.

Nam Gracchorum Eloquentiae multum contulisse accepimus Corneliam matrem, cujus doctissimus sermo in posteros quoque est Epistolis traditus.

Corradus.

Vir doctissimus, eruditus Ciceronis interpres. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 1.

Io. Arn. Corvinus, as subtle an Arminian as any, next Arminius himself.

Joannes Arnoldi Corvinus, solus plura pro hac Remonstrantium causa scripsit quam omnes reliqui: & cujus adversus Tilenum responso Tileni à nobis ad ipsos defectionem acceptam ferunt. Walaei Epist. Dedicat. ad Response. ad ejus censuram.

Fr. Costerus.

Our Bishop Hall met with him in his travels, he saith thus of him, more teasty then subtle, and more able to wrangle then satisfy.

His En • hiridion Controversiarum is most commended.

Peter Cotton, an eloquent French Jesuit.

Cotonus Rhetoricus jactanti • r quam dialecticus acutior. Cham. Praefat. ad 2 ^dam partem Epist. Jesuit.

A more boasting Orator then acute Logician.

Sir Robert Cotton.

So renowned for his great care in collecting and preserving all Antiquity. For which he is often honourably mentioned by B. Usher. and M ^r Selden.

Vir praestantissimus Robertus Cottonus, Condus ill ac promus vetustatis longe locupletissimus. Seldeni Praefat. ad Marm. Arund.

John Covel.

A learned Scholar, as his Interpretation of words, and his Institutiones Iuris Anglicani show.

Miles Coverdale sometimes Bishop of Excester, an exile a long time for the profession of the Gospel.

There are these Works of his,

His Confutation of a Treatise which Io. Standish made against the Protestation of D. Barns.

His Translation of the Bible, and others mentioned by And. Maunsell in his Catalogue of English Books.

Didacus a Covarruvias.

He was most skillful in the Civil and Canon-Laws, and in all Learning.

Richard Crakanthorp Doctor of Divinity.

Archbishop Abbot said, His Defensio Ecclesiae Anglicanae contra M. Anton. de Dominis injurias was the most exact piece for controversy since the time of Reformation.

His Defense of Constantine, and others of his Works of Logic and Physic are good.

Thomas Cranmer Archbishop of Canterbury, Martyr.

He was the first Archbishop of Canterbury that cast off Antichrist.

As Britain was most blessed under Edward the sixths Reign, so much by his means.

That he might settle the Doctrine of the Gospel in both the Universities, he sent for the most famous Divines out of foreign Naions, and drew them into England, Peter Martyr, Bucer, Fagius, Lascus, Immanuel Tremellius, Bernardus Ochinus, All which with their wives and children were liberally maintained by him.

This way he spent his yearly revenue, so that nothing remained to himself.

He studied the Scriptures diligently and wrote against that gross opinion of the Papists, affirming the carnal presence of Christ in the Sacrament, a Book filled with so much learning and plenty of arguments, that that controversy seems to be handled by none more accurately against the Papists.

Steven Gardener Bishop of Winchester being prisoner in the Tower by stealth, and largely inveighed against this Book, in that Book which he named Marcus Constantius.

This Peter Martyr learnedly refuted Cranmer being dead.

After the death of King Edward, when Cranmer was advised by his friends to fly, If I were (saith he) accused of theft, treason, parricide, or any other wickedness, I could be induced to fly much more easily then in this cause. For when the Question is not concerning my faith toward men, but toward God, and concerning my constancy in the truth of the holy Scripture against Popish errors, I would rather in this case lose my life then leave the Kingdom.

When King Henry purposed to imprison his Daughter Mary being stiff for the Popish faction, only Cranmer interceded and mitigated the Kings anger, but the ill will that Queen Mary bore him for having a hand in her Mothers Divorce, that inveterate hatred (I say) toward him, blotted out all his friendly Offices to her.

Io. Crato.

He was born at Uratislavia the chief City of Silesia, anno 1519. a great Philosopher and Physician, and excellent Poet.

He was Counselor and chief Physician to the Emperors Ferdinand the first, Maximilian the second, Rodulphus the second for twenty six years.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

CHAP. XIV.

CHristophorus Crinesius, Professor of Divinity at Altdorph in Norimberg.

He was well skilled in the Hebrew, Chaldee, Syriac. He died of an Apoplexy.

These Works of his are published,

Gymnasium Siriacum.

Lexicon Syriacum.

Babel sive discursus De Confusione Linguarum.

Analysis Novi Testamenti tabulis 27. comprehensa Exercitat. Hebraic.

Pars prior Gymnasii Chaldaici.

Petrus Crinitus.

He hath written five Books De Poetis Latinis, though he be held inferior to Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus, who hath written also of that Argument. De honesta Disciplina pe • amaena ac copiosa varietate lib. 25. delectabiles posteris reliquit. Neand. Geog. part. 1.

Ludovicus Croci • s, Doctor in Divinity, and Professor at Brema.

He hath written an excellent instruction De Ration Studii Theologici.

His Syntagma Theology is very well approved.

He hath published divers other Works:

Commentarius in Titum, in Ephesios.

Apologeticus pro Augustana Confessione.

Assertio Augustanae Confessionis De perseverantia Sanctorum.

Paraeneticus de Theologia Cryptica.

Apodixis paeraen • tica de Messia ad Iudaos per orbem dispersos.

Orator Ecclesiasticus. in Nahum Prophetam.

John Croy, a Learned French Divine.

He hath written a Treatise entitled Observationes Sacra & Historioae in n • v • m Testamentum, which title, though a Learned. Writer of our own reprehends, and in the book he seems somewhat too sharp against Heinsius, yet that book, and his Specimen conjecturarum & observationum in quadam loca Origenis, Irenaei, Tertulliani & Epiphanii, &c. and his French book entitled, La verite de la Religion Reformee, declare him to be a good Linguist and an able Scholar generally.

Hannibal Cruceius.

Gasparus Craciger a Learned Divine. He was born Anno 1504. His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

He was very swift in writing, so that of him that of the Epigrammatist might be used,

Currant verba licet manus est velocior illis:

Nondum lingua suum, dextra peregit opus.

Therefore when in the year 1540. there was a conference at Wormes amongst those which differed in Religion, he was the Notary, and received Melanchthon's and Eccius his words with incredible swiftness, and often admonished Melancthon what he had not answered; of Eecius his subtleties, therefore Granvelbane Caesar's Deputy at that Conference said, Lutherani scribam habent omnibus Pontificiis doctiorem. Melch. Adam. in ejus Vita.

Henry Cuffe, a Learned man, and of Oxford.

He hath written a book of the differences of the ages of man's life.

Jacobus Cujacius, a great light of France.

His Life is written by Papyrius Massonus.

He is celebrated by Peter Faber (whose Master he was) and Casaubon, and others, as the greatest Lawyer of his time.

Pasquier Recherch. de la Fr • nce saith, in many Universities of Germany, when those in the Chair allege Cujacius and Turnebus, they put their hands to their hats, for the respect and honor they bear them. He calls him the great Cujacins.

A Protestantium partibus non alienus.

He was thought to be somewhat inclinable to the Protestant Religion, but when any Theological question was asked him, he was wont to answer, Nihil hoc ad edictum Praetoris.

Petrns C • naeus.

There are his Animadversions in Nonni Dionysiaca.

Satyra Menippea in castrata.

D. Iuliani Imperatoris Satyra.

His three Books De Repub. Hebraorum are much valued.

Caelius Secundus Curio. He was born Anno 1503. a very Learned Protestant.

Vir doctus literarum humaniorum apud Basilienses Professor. Zanch. Epist.

He hath put out Miscellanies, a Book De amplitudine regni Dei.

De utilitate legendae Historiae, and other Works. Vide Boissard. Icones.

His son also Caelius Aug. Curio hath published Hieroglyphics and other Works.

Quintus Curtius writes pure Latin.

He flourished under the Emperor Vespasian.

Petrus Curtius.

He hath published a Work, De Civitate Castellana Faliscorum.

Nic. de Cusa or Cusanus, a Germane by Nation, Doctor of Divinity and afterward Cardinal.

He is commended by Trithemius for the most skillful in the Scriptures of all the Divines of his time.

D. Cypriauus, Anno Dom. 250. 244 saith Helvicus. 240 Illyricus.

He was Bishop of Carthage, and Crowned with Martyrdom.

He wrote a famous Treatise of Mortality to comfort men against death, in the time of a great plague.

His Book de Unitate Ecclesiae is most cited and commended.

Eruditissimus Cyprianus tam vitae sanctitate quam facundia clarus. Pier. Valer. Herog. l. 22. c. 4.

His Deacon Pontianus wrote the story of his Life and Sufferings.

Cyrillus Alexandrinus. Cyril Bishop of Alexandria, 430.

He is styled Fortis Athleta by Photios, that valiant Champion of the Church: nay he is styled Beatus Cyrillus twice for condemning the Nestorian Heresy. Lives of the Primitive Fath.

He wrote ten Books against Julian the Apostate, which being joined to his other works are full of Learning.

Cyrillus Hierosolymitanus, Cyril Bishop of Jerusalem, Anno Dom. 370.

His Cateshism is yet extant.

Cyril Patriarch of Constantinople.

There is his Confessio Fidei.

CHAP. XV.

D

JOhn Daille, a Learned French Divine.

My Lord Falkland and M ^r Chillingworth made very much use of him in all their Writings against the Romanists. The Lord Falkland was wont to say, it was worth a voyage to Paris to be acquainted with him; he calls him our Protestant Perron.

He hath written several Books in French and Latin.

One, Of the Right use of the Fathers, translated into English, and highly esteemed.

Against Milletier.

A most accurate Commentary De Imaginibus.

An Apology for the French Churches.

A most accurate Demonstration of Faith out of the Scriptures.

De Satisfactionibus & Poenis.

De Pseudepigraphis.

De Iejuniis & Quadragesima, an elegant Piece.

John Damascene, 740.

He was born in Damascus, See Act. 9. 2.

One that laid the Foundation of School Divinity amongst the Greeks, as Peter Lombard afterward did among the Latins.

He was the first amongst the Greeks which hath handled Divinity in Philosophical terms, and who wrote for the adoration of Images, therefore they put him among their Saints.

Nicolaus Damascenus.

Vastissimae eruditionis vir, nec sine laude nominandus. Vossius de Rat. Stud.

Pet. Damianus. There are his Epistolae cum aliis opusculis. De Institut. Ecclesiast. and other Works.

Damasus the first Pope, a Spaniard: He had an elegant wit in composing verses, as Jerome and Soudas say.

He appointed the Psalms to be sung alternis vicibus in the Church, and in the end of them these words were added, Gloria patri, filio, & spiritui sancto. Matth. Westm. & alii.

He first gave authority to Jerome's Writings, when before the Writings of the Septuagint were only esteemed. Platina.

Lambertus Danaus, a French Divine of Orleans.

Petrus Danesius.

He was most skillful in the Greek tongue, and Professor of it in the reign of Francis the first King of France. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 64

He was at the Council of Trent, and a Doctor of Divinity of Paris there making an Oration against the abuse of Benefices at Rome; another mocking said to his fellows, Gallus cantat, the Frenchman sings, or the Cock crows: to whom Petrus Danesius wittily replied, Utinam Gallicinio Petrus ad resipiscentiam & fletum excitetur.

Olim Francisci 11. praeceptor, & ob id Vaurensi Episcopatu donatus, homo doctissimus, quanquam nullis editis scriptis, meruit, ut inter doctrina & literis politioribus praestantes hujus aevi viros numeretur. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 63. Vide Scaev. Samarth. Elog. Gall.

Dantes Aligherius. Poeta sui saeculi nulli secundus, Italus natione, patria Florentinus. Boissard. Icon.

His Life is written by Paprius Massonus.

Dantes the first Italian Poet of note, being a great and wealthy man in Florence. He lived in the time of Ludovicus the Emperor, about the year of our Lord 1300. and took part with Marsilius Patavinus against three sorts of men, which he said were enemies to the truth: that is, the Pope. Secondly, the order of Religious men. Thirdly, the Doctors of Decrees and Decretals.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Dantes quidam Aligherius, quintus ut aiebat, à Dante Florentino poeta. Polit▪ Miscel. C • nt. 1. c. 19. Vide Pier. Valer. De Literatorum infelicitate l. 1.

Claudius Dausqueius.

He hath put out these Works,

S. Pauli Apostoli sanctitudo in utero, extra, in solo, incaelo.

Conciliabuli Dordraceni ascia.

Antiqui, novique Lat. Orthographica.

John Davenant Bishop of Salisbury, a Learned and Judicious Divine, as his Exposition of the Colossians, his Praelectiones de duobus in Theologia Controversis capitibus, de Iudice Controversiorum, & de Iustitia habltuali & actuali, his Determinations and other Works, both in Latin and English show.

Philippus Decius.

The most famous Lawyer of Italy in his time. He died Anno salutis Christianae M. D. XXXV.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard, and many of them in the Oxford Catalogue.

Pontificem Iulium secundum defendit. Gerh. Confess. Cath. l. 1. General. part. 2. c. 3.

John Dee, a Learned Englishman.

There are several Works of his published.

De praestantioribus naturae viribus.

Monas Hieroglyphica.

Propaedeumata, Aphoristica.

Mathematical Preface to Euclides Elements.

Parallaticae Commentationis praxeosque nucleus quidam.

Eruditus is tractatulus sane, apprime{que} ingeniosus, nec parùm ad Paralaxium differentias enucleandas at{que} ab invicem discernendas conducens. Tych. Brah. De nova Stella. c. 9.

His general and rare Memorials.

Martinus Antonius Delrio is much commended by Philippus Alegambe in his Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesus, as a great Linguist and general Scholar: but Joseph Scaliger in his Elench. Trihaeres. Serar. as much slights him.

He hath published divers Works, many of which are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Demosthenes, his force in pleading is commended.

Qui populum flectit, de mulcet, mitigat, urget,

Nominat hunc tellus Attica vim populi. Paschasii Icones.

His Book de Corona is most esteemed.

He wrote out Thucydides eight times, that he might better imitate him in his Orations. See in Plutarks Lives a witty reply of his to the thief Chalcus.

Thomas Dempster , a Learned Scotchman. Multisciae lectionis & eruditionis vir. Dilher. Dispute. Acad.

Eruditus Scotus, beneque de literis meritus. Voss. de vitiis Sermons, l. 1. c. 10.

He hath published,

Antiquitatum Rom. corpus absolutissimum.

Historia Ecclesiastica gentis Scotorum, Apparatus ad Historiam Scoticam, Scotorum Scriptorum nomenclatura.

De Iuramento l. 3. and other Works.

John Deodate, an eminent Divine, as his Annotations on the Bible in Italian and French show.

Videlius Rational. Theol. l. • . c. 6. calls them Aureas Annotationes.

He was sent from Geneva to the Synod of Dort.

Vir Reverendus & jampridem optime de Ecclesia mereus D. Johannes Deodatus, doctissima version Gallica & notis. Cocc. Praefat. ad Job.

Edward Dering, a solid Divine.

He defended Bishop Jewel against Harding.

And hath published some Sermons and Lectures on some of the first Chapters of the Hebrews.

Io Despauterius, the Prince of the Grammarians of his age, so Vossius de Art Grammatico, l. 1. c. 3.

He had but one eye.

Hic jacet unoculus, visu praestantior Argo,

Nomen Johannes, cui Ninivita fuit.

Johannes Ninivita, sine malis Despauterius, (Nec enim vir, been adeo de literatura pro illo quidem tempore meritus, indignus est vulgatiore nomine chartis nostris signari etsi aliter Grande quid spirantibus videatur.) Nobilis ill Grammaticus. Vossius De vitiis Sermons, l. 1. c. 6.

Antonius Deusingius, a Learned Physician.

Burgersdicius was his Master in Physic and Logic. Golius for the Mathematics and Arabic. He was intimate with Constantine L'Empereur, Ludovicus de Dieu and Elichmannus, who were skillful in many of the Oriental Languages.

His Works are mentioned Vit. Profes. Groningae.

Paulus Diaconus.

These Works of his are published,

Hist. Miscellae auctae à Landulpho Sagaci, & illustratae ab Hen. Canisio.

Ab Ant. Augustino Epitome. De gestis Romanorum.

David Dickson, a good Scottish Expositor.

He hath written Notes on all Paul's Epistles in Latin, on the Psalms, Matthew and the Hebrews in English.

Didymus Caecus, Anno Dom. 360. Jerome's Master, he was much regarded by the ancient Fathers.

He was an Ecclesiastical Writer, and an excellent Mathematician. He much troubled the Arians, whilst he constantly defended the doctrine of the Council of Nice. Antony that great Monk of Egypt coming to Alexandria, thus spake to him, Non grave tibi, nec molestum debet esse, Didyme, illis carere oculis, quorum lacertae, mures, & alia minuta abjectaque animalia participia sunt, sed beatum & jucundum potiùs, quod oculos habes similes Angelorum, quibus vere Deum contemplaris. Sozom. l. 3. c. 14.

Aubertus Miraeus in the 7 ^th Decade of his Elogia Belgica, mentions Carolus Fernandus, Parsevaldas Belligenius, and Nicasius Vordanus, for Learned (though blind) men.

Ludovicus de Dieu, a French Minister, well skilled in the Oriental tongues, and who hath Commented well on the Evangelists and Acts, and also a pious man.

Ille Phoenix sacrae Philologiae. Dilh. Dispute. Acad. Tom. 1.

He hath translated a Persian book written by Xaverius into Latin, and hath published it together with the Persian Original, and Notes.

Sir James Dier, a Reverend Father of the Common-Law, and Chief Justice of the Common-pleas.

His Book entitled Un Abridgement de tous les cases, was printed after his decease, in Anno 25. reg. Eliz.

Everard Digby.

He hath published these Works,

Admonitioni Fran. Mildappetti de unica Pet. Rami methodo retinenda responsio.

De duplici methodo, lib. 2.

Theor. Anal. De art Natandi.

Sir Kenelm Digby is an ingenious Learned Gentleman, and an ornament of this Nation, as his Book of Bodies shows.

Leonard Digges.

There are these Works of his,

Prognostication everlasting, a Mathematical Discourse of Geometrical Solids.

Thomas Digges his son.

There is a Book of his named Stratioticos.

Another styled Pantometria, lib. 3.

Nova Corpora Regularia.

And another styled Alae seu scalae Mathematicae. Of which Work Tyche Brahe l. 1. De Nova Stella, c. 9. gives this censure,

Etsi vero admodum eruditum & ingeniosum sit hoc scriptum, at{que} Mathematum excellentem peritiam prae se ferat: tamen si liceat, id quod res est, dicere, in recessu intimo, quod primo accessu, & tam magnifico specioso{que} titulo spondet, quàm minimum prastat. Nam ne Stellae quidem novae, eujus principaliter ratio habenda fuit, Phoenomena, prout decuit, commode explicata: nedum ut Planetarum omnium itinera inaccessa novo modo expediat. Vide plura ibid.

John Michael Dilher, Gerhards Scholar, Public Professor at Iena, a Learned Critick, as his Electa, Eclogae, his Disputationes Academicae show.

Diodorus Siculus.

He searched out the Antiquities of Nations with greatest diligence. A most famous Writer, and to whom for the knowledge of Antiquity, Greece hath scarce his equal.

He saith he bestowed thirty years about his History. Paulus Aemilius spent thirty years about his French History. Paulus Iovius thirty seven in his History.

Diogenes Laertius. He hath written well the Lives of the ancient Philosophers.

Dio Cassius, Anno aerae Christianae 218. Helv. Chron.

An ancient grave Historian, a Consul himself.

Vir & doctrinâ, & prudentiâ, & nobilitate insignis: Nam & viro Consulari natus, & ipse bis consulatum gessit; & Praetor Africae, Dalmatiae ac Pannoniae praefectus est. Crakanth. de Providentia Dei.

It is one of the Laws of History to relate only things memorable, this Law he diligently observed.

Nusquam ad minutias dilabitur, vel si quid, quod levius videatur, minime praeterire volet, excusatione utitur: ut facile liqueat, neutiquam imprudentiâ, vel inscitia peccare. Ger. Joan. Vos. Ars Histor. c. 11.

Dion Chrysostomus.

He was surnamed Chrysostom for his Eloquence, whose 80 Greek Orations were long since published at Venice.

Amongst other of his Orations, that Oration is of all most copious, de Ilie à Graecis nunquam Capto.

CHAP. XVI.

DIonysius Areopagita. Dionysius falsely called the Areopagite, whom neither Eusebius, nor Hieronymus, nor Gennadius, gatherers of all Ecclesiastical Writers, before their time did know. Fulke Answ. to Sand. Cavils on the L. Supper.

One of that name was born at Athens the most famous City of all Greece, the mother of all Arts and Sciences. He and his wife Damaris were converted by S ^t Paul to the true faith, Act. 17. 34.

There are his Greek Works cum Scholiis Maximi & Paraphrasi Gregorii Paychymeri, and his Latin Works per Ioach. Perionium cum Scholiis.

His Epistles and Greek Liturgy, and other things go under his name, but our Divines generally hold them to be supposititious, and so some of the Learned Papists hold.

Utrum libri qui ejus nomine circumferuntur genuini sint, controvertitur. Nam quam vis illorum Author pro Dionysio Areopagita haberi velit, nihilominus ex Adversariis ipsis viri quidam Doctissimi id incertum esse aiunt, Rhodiginus, Rhenanus, Roffensis, Cajetan: alii simpliciter nobiscum negant, Faventius, Gaza, Valla, Erasmus & apud Erasmum Grocinus, Cassander, & novissime Hubertus, ac licet non ex professio satis, aperte tamen Sirmondus ac Launaeus, & denique Petavius, Reliqui minus in Gr • cis versati vehementer affirmant, Baronius, Possevinus, Perronius, Bellarminus, qui tamen vacillat, Delrio, Alloix, & alii nonnulli. Albertinus de Sacramento Eucharistiae, l. 2. c. 1.

He proves further there in that Chapter, and Chap. 2. by several Arguments that it is a Pseudonysius. Vide Gerhard. Patrologiam. & Dilher. Dispute. Acad. Tom. 2. De Areopago p. 310.

Dionysius Halycarnasseus, a famous Historian.

Scalig. de Emendat. Temp. l. 5. calls him a most sweet and diligent Writer. Sigonius Diligentem antiquitatum investigatorem. Gravis sane auctor, & cui non minimum debet Historia Romana. Pignor. Symbol. Epistol. Ep. 44. Vide plura ibid.

Dioscorides, an ancient Herbalist. His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue. Rembertus Dodonaeus.

His Herbal is commonly known. Editis in lucem plantarum historiis magnum sibi nomen comparavit. Castellani vita Illust Med.

He hath written also other Physic Treatises.

Steven Dolet, a Learned Frenchman.

He hath written Commentaries of the Latin Tongue, as Budaeus hath of the Greek. In quibus utique ordo est aliquis & talis, qui arguat ingenium magnum in istis viris. Methodi tamen ordo non est. Bibliand. de Rat. Com. omnium Ling.

His French and Latin Works are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

Aelius Donatus, a great Grammarian.

He hath Commented excellently on Terence.

Marcellus Donatus.

Vir caetera doctissimus & medicus excellens. Meibomii Mecenas c. 23.

He hath published In Tacitum dilucidationes, in Livium, Suetonium, & alios, and several Physical Treatises.

Hieronymus Donatus.

He was a Poet, Orator, Philosopher, Divine, Mathematician, yet was so troubled about his household affairs, and his inferiors so disobedient to his commands, that unless he had eased his cares with study, he had been a most miserable man. Pier. Valer. de Litteratorum infelicitate.

Hugo Done •• us, a great Lawyer.

Vera pietate atque eruditione Clarus. Zanch. Epist.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

He taught the Civil Law some years in Heidelburg the chief University of all Germany, and was Rector of that University.

Tanta sa • e laude Ius Civile explanavit, ut veterum Iuriscensultorum aliquis Paulus, Ulpianus, aut Papinianus revixisse, illorumque animam, ex Pythagorae sententia, recepisse videretur. Lud. Jacob. Declar. Scrip. Cabclon. l. 1.

Ianus Douza , Anno Christi 1545.

He was famous for Warlick Valour and Learning both.

He was one of great reading, incredible memory, skilled both in Greek and Latin, History Ancient and Modern. He would answer well to any questions ex tempore. He was employed in many Embassies for his Country, Nec ullius ore saepiùs locuta est Batavia, quam Dousico. Melch. Adam.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his life.

His son Ianus Douza was also an eminent Scholar, and died in his prime. Vide Woweri Epist. Cent. 1. Epist. 11.

George Downeham,

A Learned and godly Bishop.

He hath written excellently upon Ramus his Logic, and de Antichristo; and many useful English Treatises, of Justification, the Covenant, and other Subjects.

Andrew Downes, the Regius Professor of Greek in Cambridge. He hath published some notes on Chrysostom, which are in the 8 ^th Volume put out by Sir Henry Savill. He hath also put out Praelectiones in Philippicam primam Demosthenis.

Sir Francis Drake.

He first of all men sailed about the whole world.

Franciscus Dracus famosissimus, ut Hispani vocant pyrata, sive ut citra odium dicatur, celeberrimus universi orbis lustrator. Thuan. Hist. Tome quinto, parte prima, l. 114.

Hier. Drexelius, a Learned Jesuit.

Johannes Driedo.

Aubertus Miraeus in his Elogia Belgica commends him for a Learned man.

His Works are published in 4 Tomes.

Io. Drusius.

He was a great Hebrician and well versed in the Rabbins, and hath given great light to a large part of the Scripture, by his notes upon a great part of it, and his Observations, Paralells, Miscellanies, Questions, Tract. De quaesitis per Epistolam, De tribus sectis Iudaeorum, and other Philologicall Treatises.

Fr. Duarenus, a Learned Lawyer.

His Works are in one Volume.

Fronto Ducaeus, a Learned and candid Jesuit.

Vir doctissimus, & cui Chrysostomus noster plurimum debet. Savil. not. in Psalm. Chrysost.

Guil. Durand, a most famous Bishop.

Pasquier Recherch. de la France, l. 9. c. 35. saith there were these remarkable excellencies in him; he was a great Poet, a great Divine, a great Lawyer.

He put out a Book entitled Speculum Iuris, divided into three great Tomes. As Lombard among Divines is not quoted by his own name, but by that of Master of the Sentences, so among the Lawyers he is not quoted by the name of William Durand, but he is styled Speculator.

He delivered this sentence about the Sacrament: Verbum audimus, modum sentimus, modum nescimus, praesentiam credimus.

Durand à S. Portiano, a Schoolman.

He hath written upon the Sentences. Of him those verses were written,

Durus Durand jacet hic sub marmore duro,

An sit salvandus ego nescio nec ego curo.

Samuel Durant, a holy man when he lived, and an eloquent Preacher at Paris. Tantae eloquentiae, ut cum Pericle, non tam loqui quam fulgurare & fulminare videretur. Vit. Profes. Gr • vingae. Sam. Mares.

Johannes Stephanus Durantus, President Senatus Tholosani.

He hath written a learned Book de Ritibus Ecclesiae, of Ecclesiastical Rites, his tumultuating Citizens killed him.

Claudius Duret, a great French Lawyer.

He hath written Thresor de l' histoire des langues, a Treasure of Languages and their Originals.

Ludovicus Duretus, a most Learned Physician, and as Heurnius was wont often to say, In medicorum ordine tertius.

         Prisca quod Hippocrati venerando debuit aetas,
        
         Dureto cur non debeat Hippocrates?
        
         Ille suâ morbos immaneis art fugavit
        
         Hic à morte sui vendicat Hippocratem.
         
          Stephanus Paschasius.

Heurnius heard him diligently three whole years, so that he would not miss a Lecture. And when Duretus saw him once coming in late, he let fall this passage more then once, Mi adolescens, do • eo jam quadam dicta quorum non es particeps, a great token of his affection toward Heurnius.

CHAP. XVII.

E

KIng Edward the 6 ^th , our English Josiah. Hayward hath written his Life well▪

He was admirable by reason of his rare towardness and hope both of Virtue and Learning, which in him appeared above the capacity of his years. Favor and love of Religion was in him from his childhood. Such an instrument given of God to the Church of England he was, as England never had better.

Cardan saith this of him: Being but fifteen years of age, he asked of me in Latin, (in which tongue he uttered his mind no less readily and eloquently then I could do myself) what my Books which I had Dedicated unto him De varietate Rerum did contain? Cardan made answer, and the King wittily replied several times, as M ^r Fox in his 2 ^d Book of Acts and Monum. p. 65. relates.

He restored holy Scriptures to the mother Tongue, he abolished Masses; such as were in banishment for the danger of the truth, were again received to their Country.

During the time of the six years of this King there was much tranquility to the whole Church of England.

Egesippus a Writer of the Ecclesiastical History from Christ's Passion to his time, as witnesseth Jerome and Eusebius l. 4. c. 8. & 22.

He lived in the time next after the Apostles, and is the ancientest Writer of Ecclesiastical History next to Luke.

Eginhardus, Anno Dom. 80.

Elias Levita, a most Learned Grammarian of the Jews.

He (or his son, as some say) gave his name to Christ before his death, bringing with him thirty other Jews to be baptized.

He excelled all the Rabbins in the explication and curious handling of all the Masoreth, in his Book entitled Masoreth hammasoreth, from which book Buxtorf received much light in his Tiberias, sive Commentarius Masorethicus.

Doctissimus Judaeus, Elias Levita, Germanus (cui gratiam non mediocrem debent Christiani, propter sincerum in linguae Sanctae cognition ipsos adjuvandi studium) in Lexico su • Rabbinico, quod Thisbitem inscripsit. Ful. Miscel. l. 2. c. 3.

Sir Thomas Elyot. He hath written a book called, The Governor, his Castle of health.

For his Learning in all kind of knowledge, he brought much honor to all the nobility of England. He told me he had a work in hand which he nameth De rebus memorabilibus Angliae, which I trust we shall see in Print shortly, and for the accomplishment of that Book he had read and perused over many old Monuments of England, Aschams Toxophilus, p. 28.

Queen Elizabeth, a Learned Queen, and our English Deborah.

She Translated out of Greek into Latin, Isocrates his Oration to Nicocles, his first Book de regno, his second Oration in one Book; She translated also the Meditations of the Queen of Navarre, out of French into English. Baleus.

Fuit ingenio d • cili, & scientiarum Cupido, Latin sciebat, & commode loquebatur, Germanice, quod vernacula lingua ab illa derivaretur, been, Gallice saepius, sed absona voice, Italice per eleganter. Musica & poetica summopere delectabatur. Thuan. Hist. tom. 5. part. 2. l. 129. p. 1051, 1052, 1053. Vide plura ibid.

Ubbo Emmius, a very Learned man, Professor of History and Greek, at Groning.

Suffridus Petri vir been doctus, sed qui in Frisiae rebus, atque omni literaturae laude longe cedat Emmio. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 2. c. 40. Vide vit. Profess. Groningae.

He is much commended by Ianus Dousa Hollandiae Annal. in two Books, for a most faithful Historian.

Constant. l' Empereur, the famous Professor of Hebrew at Leyden in Holland.

Vir de literis Hebraeis praeclare merons. Vossius. de Philol. cap. 11. Vide Voss. in Maimon. de Idol. c. 6.

His Works, Talmudis Babylonici Codex. Middoth.

Notae in Benjaminem.

De legibus Ebraeorum forensibus, and Clavis Talmudica, show his great Abilities.

Quintus Ennius.

He made these verses,

Nemo me lacrymis decoret, nec funera fletu

Faxit cur? v • lito vivus per ora virum.

Virgil is reported to have said, when he read Ennius, Se aurum in sterquilinio colligere, that he gathered gold in a dunghill.

Habent Enniani versus aliquid, quod prodesse & delectare possit, & orationem etiam, quod minime quis existimaret, ex colere. Turneb. Advers. l. 27. c. 11.

Ephraem or Ephraim Syrus, a Father that lived in S ^t Basils time.

Anno Aerae Christi 378. Calvis. Chron. 361. Helv. Chron.

Ephraem Antiochenus. 527.

Epictetus the Philosopher.

He entitled his Book Euchiridion, because ad manum semper habere oportet.

Sermo in eo omnino efficax est, atque energy plenus, & in quo mira sit ad permovendum vis Stylus autem qualem res postularet, concisus est, dilucidus, quique omnem respuat ornatum. Polit. In Epict. Enchirid.

Epiphanius 390. Bishop of Salamina in Cyprus, who was famous all over the world in the doctrine of the Catholic faith, saith Agustine.

He was famous for Learning and for his skill in five Tongues, called by Jerome 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , famous for his holiness and miracles, a most sharp enemy to Heretics, against whom also he published a famous Work. Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct. l. 4. Vide Augustini praefat. ad lib. de Hares.

Apud Graecos inter magnos habitus, & à multis in Catholicae fidei sanitate laudatus. Aug. de Haeres. p. 230.

Epiphaenius the Deacon. 787.

Epistles. They are Amicorum Collequia absentium, saith Tully, 2. Phil.

The reading of Epistles (as also of Lives) is both pleasant and profitable.

No other kind of conveyance is better for knowledge or love.

Baronius in his Annals commends Historiam Epistolarem. Jerome is most eloquent in his Epistles, especially in that to Heliodorus.

Isidore Pelusiota hath excellently handled the greatest part of the mysteries of our Faith, and the controversies agitated both against the Jews and Heretics, and yet he entitleth his Book Epistles.

Saint Basil the Great, Gregory Nazianzen, Synesius Bishop of a City in Cyrene, Cyril of Alexandria, S ^t Cyprian, S ^t Austin, Gregory the Pope, S ^t Bernard, and other Fathers of the Eastern and Western Churches, do not speak more powerfully anywhere, then in their Epistles.

What treasure of moral knowledge are in Seneca 's Letters to only one Lucilius? How much of the Story of the time is in Cicero 's Letters, especially those ad Atticum?

Ciceronis Epistolis ad Latinae Orationis elegantiam informamur, ex his primus eloquentiae quasi succus, qui qualis initio fuerit, per magni interest, bibitur. Manut. Praefat. in Epist. Cicer. Fam.

Politian was a most polite Author. See the first Epistle of his first Book of Epist.

Manutius his Epistles, Wowerus and Coelius Secundus Curios are good.

Erasmus and Lipsius his Epistles are elegant and useful. Bembus and Sadoletus pure Latinists. Longolius is termed by Ludovicus Vives Homo Ciceronianissimus, there is elegant Latin (though little matter) in Baudius his Epistles, Scaliger saith of him, Solus Baudius Latin loquitur. For the Fathers, Jerome's excel for Latin, Augustine's for variety of Learning, Cyprians for the state of those times in the first three hundred years. For modern Writers, those of Calvin, Beza, Luther, Melancthon, Oecolampadius, Peter Martyr and Zanchius, are very profitable, also Casaubones and Scaligers.

For English, our Hall is styled by some the English Seneca, and M ^r Bain is excellent for pious admonitions and instructions.

There are Epistolae clarorum virorum.

Epistolae obscur • rum virorum, a facetious Book, thought to • e done by Erasmus.

Hebrew Epistles by Buxtorf, and Greek by Budaeus.

Epistolae Laconicae.

Epistolae Iesuiticae by learned Chamier.

Epistolae Astronomicae by that famous Astronomer Tycho Brahe.

Epistolae Medicinales by learned Langius.

Centuria Epistolarum Philologicarum edita à Goldasto, Laurentii Pignorii Symbol • Epistolicae.

Desiderius Erasmus.

He was born at Roterdam in Holland, in a little house at the Church-yard, Anno Christianae salutis 1467.

There is his Statue to be seen at Roterdam in brass on the Market place with this Inscription,

ERASMUS Natus ROTERODAMI Octob. XXVIII. Anno 1467. Obiit Basileae XII. Julii. Anno 1536.

The House where he was born is yet to be seen, in the front of which are these verses,

Aedibus his ortus mundum decoravit Erasmus

Artibus ingenuis, Religion, Fide. Boxhorn. Theat. Holland.

By his learned writings which he published he obtained such a fame of his Learning and virtue, that he was drawn by Kings and Princes into Germany, Italy, England, and other Regions of Europe, they giving him great rewards.

He was of indefatigable diligence, and a great Scholar. Being sent for into Brabant by Mary Queen of Hungary in the year 1536. there he died, being seventy years old.

As he himself acknowledgeth, that his Adagies cost him great pains, so there is variety of Learning in them, they are a most ample field of Philology, Omnia grata, elegantia, aut ipsae potius Gratiae, veneres, joci, facetiae, sales, dicteria, gemmae lumina. Verheiden. Optimus paraemiographus Erasmus. Alsted. Eucyc.

He used great pains and industry in collating the several copies of the Fathers, and his fidelity was great in publishing them according to the Manuscripts, his Prefaces and Praeloquia to them are excellent, and his Notes upon them useful, but there were two special things wanting for the perfecting of his learned Animadversions upon the Fathers Works, 1. That he did not set down the divers readings very exactly. 2. That he did not relate the number of the Manuscripts, which he used, and where they were to be seen.

From the Collation of Greek and ancient Copies, he corrected also all the New Testament.

Ingeniosus veterum Scriptorum Censor; So Ludovicus Vives.

Sed acumen Erasmianae censurae & certitudinem, quam in Latinis praestitit, in Graecis prorsus desidero. Hales in his Notes on Chrysost. Homil. on the Hebrews.

He opened the way before Luther, many were provoked by his learned Works to study the Greek and Latin tongues; who perceiving a more gentle and ready order of teaching then before, began to have in contempt the Monks barbarous and sophistical Doctrine, and especially such as were of a liberal and good disposition.

He wrote to the Archbishop of Mainz a certain Epistle touching the cause of Luther. In which he saith, That many things were in the Books of Luther condemned of Monks and Divines, for heretical, which in the Books of Bernard and Augustine are read for sound and godly. Foxes Acts and Monum. Vol. 2 ^d . pag. 61, 62.

He saith thus in an Epistle to Biblibaldus, Ego, qui nunquam faverim Luthero, nisi quomodo faver, qui hortatur ad meliora, utrique parti sum haereticus.

His Book of familiar Colloquies notatur in prima Classe librorum prohibitorum.

Atque utinam id genus impia scripta, Moriam inquam, & Colloquia, pestes perniciesque juventutis, flammis potiùs, quam luci tradidisset. De his enim Maenandri illud recte usurpaveris.

Corrumpunt bonos mores Colloquia prava;

Et ô mi • eros, coeeos, & amentes, quos hodie que moria illa sapere docet. Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg. in Martino Dorpio.

Si intra professionis litterariae terminos substitisset, seque totum hisce studiis, quibus in primis natus erat, dedidisset, haud dubie cum primis illis Latins sermonis auctoribus paria facere potuisset. At vero postquam Theologum agere coepit, ingenio fisus nimium sibi sumpsit at tribuit; dumque in tractandis sacris litteris, veterumque Patrum scriptis, severum se nimis praebet Aristarchum, nominis sui auctoritatem vehementer labefactavit. Aub. Mir. Elog in Erasm.

His Annotations upon the New Testament read and approved by Leo the 10 ^th , were forbidden to be read by the Council of Trent. Hist. of the Council of Trent l. 6. p. 473.

Stephanus Paschasius hath this Epitaph of him,

Quae Desiderio mors nos orbavit Erasmo,

Heu desiderium quam longuum liquit Erasmi.

Many of his Works were printed at Basil by Frobe • i • s; there are nine Tomes of them, the Contents of each which are mentioned by Boissardus in his Icones.

There was another Erasmus a learned Bishop.

CHAP. XVIII.

THo. Erastus a learned Physician.

He wrote against the Excommunication of Church-officers, and is ananswered by Beza.

Many follow his judgment in these days, which some call Erastians.

His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Eratosthenes.

He is called by some Plato minor, Plato the younger for his singular Learning.

Erinua a learned Poet.

She wrote in the Dorick Tongue an elegant Poem, consisting of three hundred Verses, and also other Epigrams.

They report that her Verses ad Homericam accessisse Majestatem.

Politian mentions her in his Epistle to Cassandra, l. 3. Epist. 17.

Thom. Erpenius.

He was excellently skilled in the Oriental Tongues, the Hebrew, Chaldee, Arabic, Syriac, Ethiopic, Persian and Turkish. The King of Morocco did so much esteem his Letters written in Arabic for their Elegancy, that he kept them amongst his Cymelia. He is celebrated through the whole Christian world, as the restorer of the Arabic Tongue. He was of incredible diligence and industry, to which was added a rare facility of wit and sweetness of manners, for which he was much respected by Philip Mornie, Joseph Scaliger, Isaac Casaubone.

He died at Leyden in the flour of his Age Anno 1624.

These were his Works,

Grammatica Arabica cum Lockmanni fabulis & adag. Arabum.

Pentateuchus Arabice.

Hist. Josephi Patriarcha. Arabice cum triplici version Lat. & Scholiis Tho. Erpenii.

Claudius Espencaeus a French Bishop.

None of the Divines of Paris had a greater concourse of all sorts of Degrees, and was more admired for his frequent Sermons to the people then he. He was very eloquent.

There are many Questions concerning Religion discussed by him in Latin and French with great subtlety.

His Commentaries upon Timothy and Titus are well liked.

He hath published many other Works.

Petrus Espinacus Archbishop of Lions.

A witty and eloquent man, at first addicted to the Doctrine of the Protestants, but he fell off afterward.

Gulielm. Estius, a Hollander, a Doctor of Douay, a learned and modest Papist.

His Exposition of all Paul's Epistles is generally liked.

Gulielmus Estius in adnotationibus aureis ad difficiliora Scripturae loca. Dilher. Dispute. Acad. Tom. 2.

Georgius Macropedius was his Master at Utrect.

This Epigram was added to his Picture,

         Quicunque effigiem
         
          Gulielmi
         
         conspicis
         
          Esti,
         
          Esti,
         
         qui una fuit gloria Theologôn:
        
         Relligio, Virtus, Doctrina, modestia morum,
        
         Haec uno obtutu conspicienda patent.

Evagrius Scholasticus.

Nic. Everardus.

Several of his Works are published.

Ordo studendi Consil. in materia monetaria loca legalia, which last is much commended by Aubertus Miraeus.

Also Theses Iuridicae ex ministeria de regalibus collectae, and other things.

He left four Sons Everardum Nicolaum, Nic. Grudin, Hadr. Marium, & Io. Secundum, partim Iuris Civilis, partim Poeticae tractatione clarus.

Euclid. He was of Megara.

He fitly answered to one asking many things of the gods, Caetera quidem nescio, illud scio, quod ode resos.

There hath not been anything of any worth added to his Labors in Geometry by posterity, in so many Centuries of years since he flourished.

God hath raised up certain singular and heroical wits in all Sciences. Demosthenes and Tully excelled in eloquence, Aristotle in Philosophy, Euclid, Archimedes and Ptolemy in the Mathematics. Therefore the Profession of the Mathematics is is called Professio Euclidea, Archimedea, Ptolemaica. Alsted. Eucyclop. l. 4. c. 14.

Euclides Artis elementa continuo ordine & magna solertia ita tradidit, ut à quovis mediocris ingenii acumine praedito non difficulter percipi possent. Tych. Brahe Orat. De Disciplinis Mathematicis.

Euripides .

It is a great Question, Which was the better Poet, he or Sophocles, though they went a different way. Quintilian determines it after a sort. There is all moral Philosophy in Verse, in him.

Eusebius. Anno Domini 330.

He was made Bishop of Cesarea in Palestine. He flourished under Constantine and his Son.

Eusebius Pamphili, not Pamphilus, as he is commonly called.

He had that name from Pamphilus the Martyr whom he dearly loved.

He is taxed for an Arian, Gerhard in his Patrologia saith he was so, and alledgeth authority for it, yet he is justified by others, he is therefore to be read with the greater caution, as to that partcular, for he much favored that opinion, though he subscribed the Nicene Council.

It is the ancientest Ecclesiastical History now extant. See a commendation of him in Crakanth. Defense of Constantine, c. 6. p. 107. and several Elogies of him in Gerhards Patrologia.

Eusebius Emissenus, Anno Christi 330.

There are Homilies abroad in the name of another Eusebius Emissenus (which is said to have flourished about the year 430.) upon the Gospels of the whole year, and also fifty most eloquent Homilies of divers subjects. Though some Question, Whether the man be the same Author of those short Homilies upon all the Gospels, who is of those fifty Homilies of divers arguments, seeing the style in both is very different.

Eustathius.

He lived under the Emperor Andronicus, in the year about 1180 from Christ's birth.

He was Archbishop of Thessalonica. He hath written Commentaries upon H • mers Books, and on Dionysius his description of the world.

From Aristarchus old Didymus made his Commentary upon Homer, and Eustathius from both, and many more ancient. Brought. Exposition of the 21 ^th of the Revel.

Valde inclinata jam & magnas mutationes passa Graeca lingua erat aetate Eustathii. Steph. De Bene Instit. Ling. Graec. Stud.

Eustochium a learned woman, of whom Jerome makes honorable mention.

Euthymius Zigabenus. Anno 1080.

He wrote Commentaries on all the Psalms, and the four Gospels, and Panopliam adversus omnes heresies.

E • tropius, He lived under Valentinian the elder.

Ibn Ezra , a most learned Grammarian. He lived about the year of Christ 1140.

The sharpest and best learned that ever ye bred. Broughtons Require of Consent.

Schickard in his Bechinath Happeruschin, showing how the Jews magnify Rabi Solomon Rashi, adds, At si me arbitro res ista disceptaretur, palmam ego deferrem sequenti Ibn Ezrae, quia non tantùm magis perspicuus est, methodicus & in stilo multùm elegantior; Scripturaeque idiotismorum tenax, sed etiam prudentior, cantior, & nugarum parcior: Cum vicissim ill à fabulis abstineat minus, obscurior sit & in Orthographiam alicubi impingat, ut cum Kimchaeo interdum non agat mitius, quam nostrates pueri cum Prisciano.

CHAP. XIX.

F

JAcobus Faber Stapulensis, skilled in all Learning, especially in Divinity.

Farel and Calvin were his Scholars.

He was very low, of a modest countenance, and a sweet disposition, his mind wholly estranged from all injustice. Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Petrus Faber.

Jacobus Cuiacius was his master.

His Agonisticon and Somestria are well esteemed.

John. Faber. He hath written several Works.

         Quod studiis primus lucem intulit omnibus arts;
        
         Et doctum cunctum haee regit ur
         
          •
         
         a
         
          Fabrum.
         
         Heu tenebrae tantum potuere extinguer
         
          •
         
         lamen?
        
         Si non in tenebris lux tamen ista micet.
         
          Buchanan.
         
         Epig. l. 2.

Nic. Faber, Master to Lewis the. 13 ^th King of France.

Guido & Nicolaus Fabricii Boderiani fratres.

Bibliorum Veteris Testamenti Hebraicorum Latina interpretatio opera olim Santis Pagnini nunc vero Benedicti Ariae Montani Hispalensis, Francisci Rafelengii, Guid. & Nicol. Fabriciorum fratrum collato studio ad Hebraicam dictionem expensa.

There is also

Dictionarium Syrochaldoicum Guidono Fabricio Boderiano collectore & auctore. He was a famous French Poet.

Divers Works of his in French are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

Georgius Fabritius Chemnicensis.

M. Laurentius Fabricius.

There is a Book of his called Partitiones Codicis Hebrai.

Steph. Fabricius.

He hath put out

Conciones in Proph. Minores in Decalogum.

Barth. Facius.

Alphonso, Aragonicae, Siciliae ac Neapolis regi ab Epistolis fuit, vitam & res gestas Alphonsi conscripsit. Ubert. fol. Elog.

Paulus Fagius, born Anno 1504. a great Hebrician.

As the Jews say of Moses Ben Maimon, à Mose usque ad Mosen non surrexit sicut Moses, viz. Maimonides, so the Germans may say of Paulus Fagius à Paulo ad Paulum non surrexit sicut Paulus, viz. Fagius.

There is a Catalogue printed of all the Books published by him, many excellent ones.

His Annotations upon Oukelus his Targum on the Pentateuch (which he turned into Latin) are a special Work.

Anton. Faius a French Divine.

He hath written these Works,

In Epist. ad Romanos.

In priorem ad Timotheum.

In Ecclesiastem.

Enchiridion Theologicum.

De vita & obitu Theod. Bezae.

Emblemata & Epigrammat • . Miscel.

Abraham Faius his Son hath put out Linguae Gallicae & Italicae hortulus amaenissimus Horarum subcisivarum libri duo.

Gabriel Fallopins.

He hath published both Commentaries De rebus metallicis, and also Anatomical Observations and Institutions, with other Works.

Guliel. Farel a learned and godly Minister of Geneva.

He hath written De Uray Usage de la Cr • ix, Of the true use of the Cross, and Summaire, ou brifue declaration • aucuns lieux fort necessaires à vn Chacun Chrestien pour mettre sa confidence en Die • & a ayderson pro chain.

Salvus sit optimus senex & optime meritus de Ecclesia. D. Farellus, primus istarum partium Apostolus. Calv. Epist. Bullingerus Calvino.

There is Beza 's Epigram,

In tres eximios aetatis nostrae Ecclesiastas.

         Gaul mirata est
         
          Calvinum
         
         Ecclesia nuper
        
         Quo nemo docuit doctins:
        
         Est quoque te nuper mirata,
         
          Farelle,
         
         tonantem:
        
         Quo nemo tonuit fortius:
        
         Et miratur adhuc fundentem mella Viretum:
        
         Quo nemo fatur dulcius:
        
         Scilicet aut tribus his servabere testibus olim,
        
         Aut interibis, Gaul.

Fasciculus Temporum, A Book full of complaints against the Popes, and gross things in Popery.

The Fathers. They were eminent for Learning, holiness of life and eloquence.

Antiquos Patres nos amplectimur, & ita accipimus, ut nec sine justa & evidenti ration ab uno pluribusve, nec ad unanimi ipsorum consensu unquam in causis fidei dissentiamus. Crak. Log. l. 4. c. 26.

In the division of the Decalogve four precepts, (and one of those about not worshipping Images) are rehearsed in the first Table, by Philo, Josephus, Origen, Athanasius, Jerome, Gregory Nazianzen, Chrysostom; but six in the second. Only Agustine (propter Trinitatis mysterium ) puts three in the first Table, and seven in the second, dividing the last precept into two, and referring the second (which forbids worshipping of Images) to the first.

D ^r Daniel Featly a learned Divine, and a most acute Disputant, as his Grand Sacrilege, several Conferences, and Answers to the Papists, and other Works show.

Minutius Felix, an eloquent Father.

Lucius Fenestella, a famous Historian, of whom Pliny, Plutarch, Gellius make mention.

He lived in the time of Tiberius Caesar.

Dominicus Floccus Florentinus was the Author of the little Book De Magistratibus & Sacerdotiis Romanorum, ascribed to him.

Dudlie Fenner a learned Divine.

Thomas Cartwright and Walter Travers were his Scholars.

There is his S. Theologia methodice digesta, and several English Tracts.

His Commentary on the Canticles.

The order of Household Government.

An Interpretation of the Lord's Prayer.

An Interpretation upon the Epistle to Philemon.

A short Table orderly disposing the principles of Religion out of the first Table of the Law.

A Treatise of the Sacrament.

A profitable Treatise of lawful and unlawful Recreations.

Art of Logic and Rhetoric plainly set forth, with examples for the practice of the same, &c.

Answer unto the Confutation of the Recantation of John Nicols, especially in the matters of Doctrine, of Purgatory, Images, &c.

Johannes Fernelius, a learned French Physician to Henry the second of France.

Medicinam universam doctissimis & politissimis scriptis complexus est. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 21.

Arnoldus Ferronus.

John Ferus.

He is no suborned or counterfeit Author, but the famousest Preacher that was in Mainz, or in Germany in all his time: His Commentaries upon John were eight times at least printed in ten years. Crashaws Prolegom. to the English Papists before his Romish Forger▪ and Falsificat.

Jacobus Fevardentius.

That railing Franciscan answerable to his name.

Johannes Fichardus.

He was born at Frankford ad Moenum Anno 1512.

Decus & ornamentum eorum quibus cumvixit, & patriae imo Germaniae totius & saeculi sui. Boissardi Icones.

He hath written De vitis Iurisconsultorum recentiorum, and other Works mentioned by Boissard.

Marsilius Ficinus of Florence, a famous Philosopher, Physician and Divine.

He wrote many excellent Works.

Tu Platonem, quanquam & alios veteres, sed Platonem tamen ipsum maxim. Platonicosque omnes: & Latin loqui doces, & uberrimis Commentaries locupletas. Polit. Epist. l. 9. Ep. 13. Polit. Marsil. Fic. Eo saltem facto meritus; ut qui tot clarorum virorum memoriam in occulto latere passus non est, ipse quoque oblivioni minime sit tradendus. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

Richard Field a learned Divine.

He hath written learnedly of the Church, and in defense of such parts of his Book, as have been excepted against.

Thomas Fienus, a very learned Physician, who hath published a very rational and scholastical Treatise, Concerning the Power of the Imagination.

Io. Filesacus, a learned Writer, as his Books show, Opera varia, De sacra Episcoporum authoritate, De Idololatria, De Politico & legitimo Principis cultu Comment.

John Fisher Bishop of Rochester. Vir singulari pietate & eruditione. Eras. Epist. l. 290. Epist. 42.

Sir Anthony Fitzherbert.

His Abridgement was painfully and elaborately collected and published in the 11 ^th year of K. Henry 8. by him then Serjeant at Law: and he wrote also another Book called his Natura brevium, an exact Work exquisitely penned, and publishin the 26. year of Henry 8. When he was Knight, one of the Judges of the Court of Common-pleas: about the same time he wrote his Treatise of Justices of the Peace.

L. Florus.

He lived in the Raign of Trajane and Hadrian.

Ubertus Folieta.

He hath published divers Works.

One, De Latinae Linguae usu & praestantia.

And Clarorum Ligurum Elogia.

Patrick Forbes a learned Scotch Divine.

John Forbes his Son. He put out Instructiones Historicae Theologica, a Book well esteemed of, and Irenicum.

John Ford or Foorth a learned English Divine.

He hath written several Works.

Synopsis Politica.

In Apocalypsin.

The Necessity and Antiquity of catechizing, and on Heb. 6. 1.

The Covenant between God and man.

Franciscus Forerius.

He said as much as possibly could be said in the Defense of the Vulgar Translation, altering the Hebrew Vowels for this purpose at his pleasure, yet it seemeth the errors discovered by him in his Comment upn Isaiah hath hindered the setting forth of his other Commentaries upon the Prophets, which he had finished (as appears by the later part of his Epistles to the Trent Fathers) so the Church would have approved them. D ^r Jackson on the Creed, Vol. 1. l. 2. c. 31.

He that wrote the Spanish Bibliotheque in the second Tome saith, He is said to have written besides that on Isaiah (which I have not seen) upon the other greater Prophets, the twelve lesser, Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Canticles.

Sixtus Senensis saith, He wrote upon all the Prophets.

Petrus Forrestus , a learned Physician.

He read the first Lecture in Physic, and made the first Oration for its praise in the University of Leyden then restored.

He hath published many learned Works.

CHAP. XX.

JOannes Forsterus.

He was Professor of the Hebrew Tongue at Wittenburg, and very much illustrated and amplified it with a Lexicon published at Basil in folio.

Sir John Fortescu • , an excellent Antiquary, and of profound knowledge in the Common-Law.

He hath written a book De laudibus Legum Angliae.

This Book was written in the Raign of K. H. 6. in commendation of the Laws of England, containing with all much excellent matter worthy the reading.

John Fox, sometime exile for the profession of the Gospel, that Saint-like Historian M ^r Fox, D ^r Hall.

He studied the Arts, and three principal Languages first in Oxford in Magdalene College.

He wrote elegantly in Latin, as appears by what he added to D ^r Haddon against Osorius, and one part of his Acts and Monuments. Medit. in Apoc.

De Christo Crucifixo Concio.

De Christo gratis Iustificante.

Disputatio contra Iesuitas, contra inherentem justitiam.

His English Works.

His Acts and Monuments.

A Treatise of God's Election.

Sermons.

Translation of Urbanius Regius of Faith and Hope, and others mentioned by Maunsell.

Sebastian Fox a most elegant and learned Spanish Philosopher.

Thuanus in his History often makes honorable mention of Paul Fox, and once of Francis Fox.

Of which last, saith Scaevola Sammarthanus in his Elogies of learned Frenchmen, Iure igitur tanto alumno superba laetatur Gaul hoc abunde per te consecuta, ut Italiae suos Mirandulas invidere jam desinat.

Hieronimus Fracastorius, a most famous Philosopher. He is called by many Divinus Fracastorius.

Vir consummatissimae doctrinae: Medicus enim, Poeta, Astrologus & Philosophus fuit sua aetate doctissimus. Ejus Poemata tanti fiunt apud omnes literatos, ut illa confera • t cum Vergilianis. Boissardi Icones.

He died at Padua Anno Christianae salutis 1553.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Franciscus Monachus, an Italian Frier, an ignorant man for Learning, but witty, and the more, for that his wit was shrouded under the shadow of great simplicity: He was the Founder of the Franciscans. Bonaventure hath written his life.

Francis the first King of France, Anno 1515.

The several courses he took for the restoring of Learning in France, Antoine du Verdier mentions in his learned Preface to his Bibliotheque, and in his Book, he saith, He was deservedly called the father of Learning, because he planted in his Kingdom both Hebrew, Greek and Latin, and gave great salaries to the choice men of all Europe in all Learning, to read publicly in the University of Paris. See more there.

To one that desired pardon for another that had used ill speeches of his Majesty, this King said, Let him for whom thou art a Sutor, learn to speak little, and I will learn to pardon much.

Thevet and Postellus travelled into the East to procure him rare Books for his Library.

The death of King Francis chanced unfortunately for Students and learned men. For he loved all Liberal Sciences, no man better, not shown more liberality to advance the same. Through long use and custom, he had gotten much knowledge. For dining and supping his talk was commonly of Learning, and that most earnestly using many years for the same purpose James Coline a learned man, and in the vulgar tongue most eloquent. And after him Peter Castellan. Of these two had he learned, whatsoever was written in the books of Poets, Historiographers and Cosmographers. Moreover he knew perfectly whatsoever Aristotle, Theophrastus, Pliny, and such other like, have written of the nature of Plants, Herbs, Beasts, Metals and precious Stones, and by daily use and hearing did remember them.

He was wont also to confer much of the Mathematical Sciences, and to reason oft of the Scriptures. In his own Tongue he was always accounted right eloquent and grave. Throughout Greece and Italy he had those that sought and copied out for him the Works of old Writers, and he made a great Library. The Keeper whereof was Castellane. Sleid. Comment. l. 19. p. 283. Evangelium in Gaul perumpit sub Francisco 2 ^o .

Kings might soon be learned, who might learn the holy Word of both Testaments in two months, and the Concent of Scripture in an hour: and might command that every Sermon should either abridge the whole Bible, as S ^t Paul doth to the revolting Hebrews: or tell the afflictions of our Lord's Family, as Daniel doth seven times over: or weakness of Salomens Kings: or how Aaron's twelve stones tell the Tribes story: or the golden chain of Chronicle and Jubilees: or the Mysteries of Moses Ceremonies: or Collations of Prophecies with event: or like Revolutions to show God's facility in teaching Christ: or some whole book in one Sermon. Brought of the Revelat. in c. 12.

Marquardus Freherus.

He was born Anno Christiano 1565. a great Antiquary.

His Works are mentioned by Melch. Ad. in his life.

John. Tho. Freigius, a very learned man, Anno Christi 1564.

He was famous for his knowledge in Philosophy, Philology, Law. Peter Ramus his Scholar, and diligent follower all his life time. He writ his Life, and this Epigram on him being dead.

         Invictus, Rame es, nam bis duo pectore gestas:
        
         Socratis, Euclidi
         
          •
         
         , Tullii, Aristotelis.
        
         Art es Aristoteles: methodo Plato: Tullius ore:
        
         Ingenio Euclides Rame, quid ulterius.

Melchior Adam mentions his works.

Nicolaus Frischlinus, a learned man.

John Frith, a learned Divine and Martyr.

Io. Froissardus , a French Historian.

Libertus Fromondus, He hath written well of Meteors.

Lucas Fruterius.

Lipsi • s mentions him among the prime wits of the Low-Countries.

There are published three Books of his, verisimilium.

There are also Epistolae Philologicae of his.

Leonardus Fuchsius, Anno Salutis humanae 1501.

He rightly called his Book Compendinm medicinae, but not Methodum medicinae, as Gaius de libris propriis shows.

These Works of his are published.

Compendiara ac succiucta admodum in medendi artem introductio.

Liber sextus Epidemiorum Hippocratis e Graeco in Latinum translatus, cum Commentaries luculentissimis.

Paradoxorum medicinae libri tres, in quibus multa à nemine hactenus prodita, Arabum & aetatisque nostrae medicorum errata confutantur.

And others mentioned by Melchior Adam.

B. Fulgentius Ruspensis Episcopus Fulgentissimum Ecclesiae sidus. Voss. Hist. Pelag. l. 1. c. 21.

In the time of his sickness this was his familiar speech, Da Deus mi, hic patientiam, post indulgentia • . Here, ô God, give me patience, and then pardon and mercy.

Fulgentius Ferra • dus, 530.

Baptista Fulgosius.

William Fulk Doctor of Divinity, and Master of Pembrook Hall in Cambridge.

That profound, ready and resolute Doctor, the hammer of Heretics, the Champion of Truth D. Hall first Decad. of Epist. Epist. 7.

His English Works are fully mentioned by Maunsel in his Catalogue of English printed Books.

His Latin are,

Our anomachia.

Resp. ad Ep. Stanislai Hosii de expresso Dei verbo.

De succession Ecclesiastica contra Stapletonum Praelectiones in Apocalypsi • .

Nic. Fuller.

He is styled Doctissimus vir by Constanti • e L'Empereur not is in Benjamin • m, and by Buxtorf Dissertat. de Nomin. Heb.

His Miscellanies, and his Exposition of Rabbi Mardochie Nathan's Hebrew roots with Notes upon it (in a Manuscript kept in Archivis in Oxford Library) show his excellent skill in the Hebrew, and in other Philologicall Learning. Per multa sunt difficilia & obscura in Opere illo utilissimo concordantiarum Hebraicarum à R. Mardoch • o Nathane constructo. Quae partim in ipsa version • nostra, partim in notis eidem insertis, pro virili parte expedivimus atque illustravimus. Fulleri Miscel. c. 4. l. 6. c. 19.

Inter harum literarum studiosos merito primas tenet Nicolaus Fullerus. Pocock. Not. Miscel. In Portam Mosis.

He intended to put forth a Lexicon. Sicuti in Lexico nostro apertius ostendamus & sigillatim, modo vita supersit, a • studiis con • tibusque nostris propitius adsit calestis Pater & Deus noster in secula benedictus. Fulleri Miscel. l. 3. c. 10. and c. 20. of the same book he saith, Quemadmodum in Lexico nostro dilucide docuimus. Vide Praefat. ejus ad l. 4. Miscel. & l. 4. c. 7.

The End of the third Book.

THE FOURTH BOOK. Of such as were Famous for ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION, Or in any Kind of Learning.

CHAP. I.

G

I O. Gagneius.

He hath written upon all the New Testament.

Rob. Gagwin.

He wrote the French History.

Erasmus his intimate friend calls him a most discreet Historiographer.

He compares him to Salust and Livy, for purity of speech and composition of his History.

He was sent Ambassador by the King of France into Italy, England, and Germany.

He put out some Poems.

Petrus Galatinus.

He takes all from Raimundus or Porchetus.

Galeacins Caraccielus , an Italian Marquess. He renounced Pope • y, and became a good Protestant.

Beza hath written his Life.

Galen, a Learned Physician of Pergamos, the chiefest Physician next Hyppocrates.

He coming to a shop and finding a Book under his name which he knew not of, nor never saw before, he wrote a Book de libris propriis.

The like hath Cardane and Gaius of Cambridge done, that their genuine writings might be known, they having published many Works.

Some say he lived sevenscore years.

Galenus homo Graecus, & summi judicii a • doctrinae vir, ut si quis alius sui aut insequentis temporis. Gaius de Pronunciat. Graec. & Lat. Ling.

His Philosophical and Physical Books were printed in Greek by Aldus Manutius at Venice, being distinguished into Tomes, with the most copious Prefaces of Camerarius, Gemaseus and Fuchsius most famous men: They were Printed at Basil in a great Folio.

Petrus Gallandius. Turnebus in the 2 ^d Book of his Adversaria, c. 1. much commends him.

Inter primos liberales disciplinas in Gaul jacentes politioris doctrinae luce illustravit. Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Many of the famous learned men of France were his Scholars, amongst which Adrian Turnebus was one, as he ingenuously confesseth in his Adversaria.

Gulilaeus Galilaeus of Florence, a famous Philosopher and Mathematician.

He hath published many things in the Hetrurian and Latin Language.

Henricus Gandavensis.

He was born at Gaunt in the Low-Countries, and was a Doctor of S • rbonne and explained the Scriptures many years at Paris.

He wrote, besides Learned Commentaries upon Aristotle's Physicks and Metaphysics, a Theological sum, and a great Volume of Quodlibeticall Questions, as they called them.

Stephen Gardener Bishop of Winchester, a Scholar good enough, as his Works show, but a great enemy to the Protestants in Q. Mary's days.

He died miserably, as M ^r Fox and others bear witness.

He hath written a Book De vera Obedientia; and other Works in English.

Petrus Gassendi, Professor of the Mathematics at Paris, the greatest Astronomer now living.

Thomas Gataker of the Gatakers of Gataker in Shropshire, a solid, judicious and pious Divine; as his divers learned Latin and English Treatises show.

For the Hebrew he acknowledged himself much beholding to Lively in the 9 ^th Ch. of the 2 ^d Book of his Cinnus, and for the Greek to John Boys, c. 9. of the first Book. See his Life.

He was my worthy Friend, and receiving a kind Letter from him not long before his death, he thus concluded it, Thus with hearty salutation of yourself and yours, recommending your pious endeavors and indefatigable labors to the Lord's gracious protection, I rest, Yours assured in him, T. G.

Lucas Gauricus.

He flourished at Venice Anno Christi 1550.

He was made Bishop for his Learning. He wrote many things. His Works are in two Tomes.

Pomponius Gauricus a Learned man also, was his brother.

He hath written De Sculptura.

Theodorus Gaza. Omnium sui temporis hominum doctissimus habitus est. Boiss. Icon.

He was born in Greece, and brought up in Italy. Vir graecus, & ut doctis etiam videtur eruditissimus. Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1.

He did so happily translate Tullius Book de Senectute into Greek, that he hath excellently there represented the Majesty of Tullius eloquence.

When he presented to Sixtus Quartus the Pope of Rome Aristotle's Books de Animalibus, translated out of Greek, which could not be done but by one most learned in both Languages, and the Book was adorned with golden plates. The Pope asked what the adorning of it cost, his servant telling him forty pieces of gold, he commanded so many to be given him, and no more. Alsted. Encyclop.

Many of his Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Geber, a Learned Arabian, a great Chymist, and a most acute Writer, but very obscure.

The Alchemists have on set purpose (saith Theuet Vies des hommes Illustres l. 2.) obscured their manner of teaching, not only thereby to make their Science more wonderful, but also to hinder the most part of men from attaining it. He saith there that William Postell his good Friend and companion of his Travels in the East, Greece and Asia, had the Almagest of Geber, which is an excellent Work in the Arabic Tongue, containing the Explanation of the state of the years, and Ceremonies, according to the Feasts and Solemnities of the Israelites, Nestorians, Persians and Syrians, which he had got from a Jew.

There is in Zion College Alchimia, De Metallorum Investigatione & Perfectione.

De Fornacibus construendis Explicatio librorum Gebri, & Raym. Lullii.

Gelasius primus Papa.

Gelasius the first of that name Pope, published five Books of the two Natures of Christ, against Eutiches & Nestorius. Two Books against Arius.

Sigism. Gelenius.

He hath written Observat. & Emendat. in Tit. Livium.

Aulus Gellius. In the year of our Lord 98.

Ludovicus Vives censures him somewhat harshly , but Stephanus defends him in his Notes upon him.

His Book more pleaseth with its variety then its order.

Agellius potius quàm Gellius, dictus videtur scriptor noctium Atticarum. Voss. De Anal. l. 1. c. 6.

Aulus Gellius huic, legiturque Agellius illi,

Nominibus priscis heu male tut • fides. Steph. Paschas. Icones.

Some dislike the title of his Book, because it shows the time when he wrote it, rather then the subject of the book.

Geminus.

Sir Henry Savill terms him Elegantissimum and acutissimum.

Georgius Gemistius Pletho, a Grecian, and great Scholar.

He put out a defense of Plato, he was Professor in Greece, and taught only those of his own Nation, amongst whom Bessario was one, many of whose Epistles to him are extant. Volat. Anthropol. l. 21.

Gemma Frisius, a great Mathematician.

Ut gemma quaedam rarior, inter aevi sui Mathematicos illuxit. Quo nomine Carolo V. Caesari, harum artium non ignaro in primis gratus, saepe Bruxellam est evocatus, & vicissim ab aulicis Lovanii salutatus. Caestell. Vita Illust. Med. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica.

He hath left many Writings in the Mathematics.

De Orbis Divisione.

D • locorum describendorum ration de{que} eorum distantiis inveniendis.

• s •• an • ali Astronomici.

De usu Globi Astronomici.

De Radio Astronomico & Geometrico.

Also Cosmographia cum aliis Libellis.

De Astrolabio Catholico.

Qui liber ultimus erat eorum quos conscripserat, ad • o ut fatis praereptus, non ipsemet, sed post ipsum filius Corn • lius Gemma eum absolverit, ideóque verisimile est, eum postrem •• • uas ha • de re cogitations & sensus, qui plaerunque sol •• t meliores veriores{que} esse, patefecisse. Tych. Brah. l. 2. De Comet • Anni 1577. c. 7.

Cornelius Gemma , a famous Physician and Philosopher of Lovain.

Illustris parentis Gemmae Frisii non obscurus filius. Tych. Brah. De Cometa, Anni 1377. l. 2. c. 6.

Eruditionis paternae haeres praesertim quoad Arts Mathematicus, quibus ill si quis alius excelluit, Id. ibid. l. 2. c. 10.

Reliquit & Cornelius filium Philippum Doctorem medicum, raro certe exemplo, filium, patrem, av • m, & eruditos, & iisdem deditos studiis, ut in Italia nostro aevo Man • tios flornisse. Aubertus Miraeus Elog. Belg.

Gilb. Genebrard, a Divine of Paris, and the Kings Professor of Hebrew: A good Hebrician, but a most petulant Writer.

By whom (saith B. And. ) it is verified that much Learning and railing may be accidents in one subject.

Gennadius Scholaris. 1450.

Innocentius Gentiletus.

He hath put out Examen Concilii Tridentini.

An Apology for the French Christians of the Reformed Religion, both in French and Latin.

Apology pour les Chrestiens de France de l • Religion Evangelique on Reformee found • e sur la Saint Escritur • & approvee par la raison, & par les a • ci •• s Canons.

Alberi • us Gentilis, an eloquent Italian, the Regins Professor of Civil Law in Oxford.

His Works are most of them mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue and the Appendix.

John Gerhard, Doctor of Divinity, and Professor in the University of Iena.

A laborious and Learned Lutheran, as his Supplement of Cheminitius his Harmony, and his Common places of Divinity, Commentaries on the Hebr. and Peter, Meditationes sacrae show.

At the end of Gerhardi Patrologia, there are Funeral Orations had in divers Universities at Gerhards death, where he is deservedly magnified.

CHAP. II.

JOhn Gerson, Anno Salutis 1410. 1363. saith Theuet.

A Divine of Paris right famous, he was present at the Council of Constance, and in books written he commendeth highly the Decree whereby it is agreed that the Bishop of Rome should be subject to the Counsel. And saith the thing is worthy to be written in all Churches and public places, for a perpetual memory. For he saith they are pestilent flatterers which bring this Tyranny into the Church, as though the Bishop of Rome ought neither to obey the Counsel, nor be judged by the same, as though the Counsel should take all its force and authority from him, as though it could not be called but at his pleasure, as though he were bound to the observation of no Laws, nor no accompt might be taken of his doings. These monstrous sayings must be utterly rejected, which are against all Laws equity and reason. For all the authority of the Church dependeth on the general Counsel, and it is lawful to appeal from the Pope unto it: and those which inquire whether the Bishop of Rome or the Church be greater, make as wise a question as if they should ask whether the part be more, or the whole, for it appertaineth to the Counsel, to constitute, to judge, and to depose the Bishop of Rome, as lately it was declared at Constance. Sleid. Comment. l. 1.

The greatest Learned man of his time, and the only Doctor and leader of the Council of Constance. B. Jewels Pref. to his Defense of his Apol.

He was counted a subtle Disputer and profound School-Doctor, and for his Wisdom and Learning was thought worthy to be the Director of all the Bishops in the Council of Constance, that is, all the Bishops of the world. Jewels Def. of his Apol. part. 4. c. 15.

The Learned and devout Chancellor of Paris. B. Bedell Waddesw. lett. p. 107.

He wrote a Book de auferibilitate Papae ab Ecclesia, intimating that it is in the power of a General Council to cast the Pope out of his place, and to choose another.

He was singularly acquainted with temptations, and wrote a Book De variis Diaboli tentationibus. He was surnamed Doctor Christianissimus.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Quid potuit Sorbona; doces meritissime Gerso;

Magni Gerso luxque, decusque chori?

His Works are Printed in four Volumes, his French Works are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

Conradus Gesnerus. He was born at Zurich the chief Town of the Helvetians, Anno Christi 1516.

He was scarce 49 years old when he died. He died Anno Christi 1565.

Neander in the first part of his Geography highly commends him, especially for those three Works, his Historia Annimalium, and Stirpium, and Bibliotheca.

Vere sanctissimus, doctissimus, omnibusque numeris absolutissimus, & totius Enropae ornamentum. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Bulling.

Nobilis ejus fama, quam praeclaris scriptis suis sibi peperit, jampridem in omnes Orbis provincias emanarit. Waseri ad Mithridatem Gesireri Commentarius.

Gaius in his Book de Libris propriis, commends him highly, and much bewails his death.

He practiced Physic in Zurich and taught Philosophy for a public stipend 25 years.

Vir pius & omni genere virtutum ornatissimus, omnia naturae arcana perscrutatus. in omni literarum genere, praesertim vero in medicina & Philosophia naturali atque Philologia clarissimas lucubrationes edidit, lumen Germaniae & decus Helvetiae. Boissardi Icones. He mentions his Works.

William Gibieuf Doctor of Sorbonne.

He hath written two Books De libertate Dei & Creaturae, which are often cited by Bishop Davenant and others.

Obertus Gifanius.

Vir eruditissimus, mihique obrarat excellentissimi ingenii dotes carissimus. Jos. Scal. Com. in Copam.

He hath published

Observationes in Linguam Latinam.

Gulielmus Gilbertus, an English man.

He hath written a painful and an experimental Work, touching the Loadstone. Bac. Advancem. of Learning, l. 2. c. 13.

That admirable searcher of the nature of the Loadstone, D ^r Gilbert, by means of whom, and of D ^r Harvey, our Nation may claim, even in this later age, as deserved a Crown for solid Philosophical Learning, as for many ages together it hath done formerly, for acute and subtle speculations in Divinity. Sir Ken. Digb. Treat. of Bodies, c. 20.

Learned Peireskius was wont to lament, that when he was in England, he was not acquainted with this William Gilbert the Author of the Book de Magnete, nor Thomas Lydiat the famous Mathematician. Gassend. de Vita Peiresk. l. 2.

Gassendi l. 4. de vita Peiresk. makes honorable mention of his Book de Magnete p. 378.

We had not any certain or satisfactory knowledge of Magneticall properties, until such time as it pleased God to raise up one of our Countrymen, D ^r Gilbert, who to his evelasting praise hath trodden out a new path to Philosophy, and on the Loadstone erected a large Trophy to commend him to posterity. Carpent. Geog. first Book, chap. 3. See more there.

Pet. Gillius, a most Learned man, Aquitanus.

Duo magna hujus saeculi lumina, Petrus Gillius & Gulielmus Philander. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 4. l. 82. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 16.

Sylvester Giraldus, a man elegantly Learned for those times.

Sylvester Giraldus Cambrensis, a Britain by birth, though by descent rather an Englishman or a Norman, as he makes himself, but a very Learned man for those times.

There is published of his Itinerarium Cambriae cum Annotat. Descriptio ejusdem, & De rebus Hybernicis.

Victor Giselinus.

Besides divers Poems, he wrote Learned Notes upon Prudentius the Christian Poet, Note • and a Chronology upon the Works of Sulpitius Severus.

Ranulphus Glanvile de Glanvilla, Chief Justice in the reign of King Henry the 2 ^d , wrote Learnedly and profoundly of part of the Laws of England.

He wrote a Book De Legibus & consuetndinibus Regni Angli • .

Henricus Glareanus, an excellent Mathematician.

He hath written well of Music, upon Livy, Salust, and divers other Works.

Solomon Glassius, a Learned Lutheran, and the great ornament of Germany for sacred Philology.

His Christologia Mosaica. Philologia Sacra, and other Works are very Usefull.

Rodolphus Goclenius.

He hath written Learnedly of divers subjects in Humanity. Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Conradus Goclenius.

He was first Professor of the Latin tongue at Lovain.

Annos ipsos XX. quibus publice professus est, auditoribus suis adeo gratus fuit, ut eos nec assiduitate, satiarit unquam, nec diuturnitate lassarit. Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Fr. Godwin, Bishop of Landaff.

His Rerum Anglicarum Annals: and his Tract De Praesulibus Angliae show his Learning.

Thomas Godwin. His Roman and Jewish Antiquities are very useful.

D • mianus A Goes Lusitanus.

It happened to him as to Homer heretofore for the excellency of his wit, several Cities strove for his birth, as those of Paris would have Christophorus Longolius to be theirs, the Romans challenged him for theirs, those of the Low-Countries for theirs, because of his great Eloquence.

Jacobus Golius, well skilled in the Oriental Tongues.

Admirabilis ill Arabizantium Phoenix. Hotting. Analect. Histor. Theol.

Cl. V. Jacobus Golius in praestantissimo illo linguae Arab. Thesauro. Pocock. Not. Miscel. in Portam Mosis c. 7.

Vir summus in linguis orientalibus & Mathesi Jacobus Golius Salmas. de Annis Climactericis.

Whom the States of Holland for his excellent skill in the Arabic and Mathematics, have substituted to two famous Professors of the University, Thomas Erpenius, and Willebrord Snellius.

He travelled into the East, and observed the condition and state of the Eastern people, and got thereby knowledge of the Oriental Languages and affairs, and brought divers Oriental Books thence, which are now at Leyden.

He hath put out lately an excellent Arabic Lexicon.

Hubertus Golthzius, a great Antiquary. Dilher calls his Book De re Antiquaria libellum Aureolum.

Franciscus Gomarus, a Learned and Judicious Divine.

All his Works Exegetical and Polemicall are published together in one Volume in Folio.

Christopher Goodman , a Learned Scotch Divine, and according to his name good and holy.

Abraham Gorlay.

He had more then four thousand exquisite Medals of Gold, more then ten thousand of Silver, and more then fifteen thousand of Brasse, all choice ones, Ios. Scal. Lettre au Sieur De Bagar.

There is a Book of his styled Dactyliotheca published.

Io. Goropius Becanus.

A Physician, Philosopher and Historian. He obtained an exact knowledge of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin. Divino plane vir ingenio, qualem vix singulae aetates ferant, seu Philosophiam, seu Philologiam (in utraque enim ad miraculum usque excelluit) tractaret; ut seculi sui Varra nominari merito potuerit. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica. Castellani Vitae Medic. Illust.

Dionysius Gothofredus, an excellent Lawyer.

He hath written short Notes upon all the Civil Law, and all Tullius Works.

He hath written also upon Seneca, and Notes ad Varronem Festum & Nonnium.

Jacobus Gothofredus his son.

He wrote first de Ecclesiis Suburbicariis.

He set out some Orations of Libanius with Notes, and his Oratio de Iuliane.

William Gouge Doctor of Divinity, a Learned and Pious Divine.

He was counted (whilst he lived) the Father of the London Ministers. A good Text-man, as his Whole Armor, Exposition of the Hebr. Exposition of the Lord's Prayer, and other Learned Works show him to be; and he is often Honourably mentioned by Voetins, Streso, and other outlandish Divines.

He was eminent for three graces, his Humility, Patience and Faith.

He would begin his prayer very audibly and distinctly, which was the more commendable, because of his great Congregation at Blackefriers.

Sim. Goulartius, a Learned and godly French Minister.

There is his Morum Philosophia Historica, and Histoires admirables de nostre temps, and other Tracts, mentioned in the Appendix of Oxford Catalogue.

Johannes Goverus, sive Gouerus , a Learned English Knight, and Poet Laureate.

Hic nomen suum extulit partim iis quae & Gallice & eleganter Anglice elaboravit. Sane is & Gualterus Chaucerus primi Anglicam linguam expolire caeperunt. Vossius de Histor: Lat. l. 3. c. 3.

Io. Grammaticus.

He hath written upon divers books of Aristotle, and de Differentiis Linguarum, and other Works.

Saxo Grammaticus.

He was called Grammaticus for his elegancy in the Latin Tongue.

He hath written the History of the Danes in very elegant Latin for those times.

Lud. Granatensis.

His Works are in three Tomes.

He hath written

De ration Concionandi.

De frequenti Communione.

Sylva locorum Communium.

Dux peccatorum.

De Officio Pastorali.

Catechismus, sive Introductionis ad Symbolum Fidei libri quatuor: and other Works.

D ^r Edward Grant.

He was one of the Learned Schoolmasters of Westminster.

Camden was his Usher.

He hath put out a Greek Grammar, styled Graecae Linguae spicilegium, which Camden hath contracted.

He hath also published Aschams Epistles and Poems, with his Life and Death.

Conradus Graserus.

He went some miles to the Jews to understand some Hebrew words. Vide ejus ultima verba, p. 31. in Praef.

Exquisitissimus ill ac divinitus aetate nostra excitatus antichristo-mastix juxta & doctrinae Christianae propugnator Conradus Graserus Francus. Lud. Croc. in Ficin. De Relig. Christ. c. 27.

Aurei Commentarii eruditissimi Graseri in Apocalypsin & Danielem. Id. ibid.

Franc. Gratianus. 1170.

A Monk of Bononia, he compiled the book called The Popes Decrees, or The Canon Law.

Also his brother Peter Lombard Bishop of Paris, which is called The Master of the Sentences, compiled his 4 Books of the Sentences. These two brethren were the greatest doers in finding out and establishing the blind opinion of the Sacrament, that the only similitude of Bread and Wine remained, but not the substance of them, and this they call the Spiritual understanding of the Mystery.

G • ilhelmus Gratarolus, an excellent Philosopher and Physician.

Et vere pius, & been doctus peritusque medicus. In Patria ea & sua honoratus erat & dives, sola pietas illum reddidit pauperem. Zanch. Epist. lib. 2. Iusto Vult • io.

There are several of his Works published, mentioned by Boissard.

One de Conservanda Valetudine Literatorum.

Gratius the Faliscian.

An ancient Latin Poet, contemporary with Virgil and Ovid, who bore an high esteem in that pure age, when the greatest Wits flourished, and Poetry underwent the severest Judges.

His style is everywhere concise, chaste, and florid.

His Book De Venatione is now Englished by M ^r Wase.

Ovid speaks of him,

Aptaque venanti Gratius arma daret.

Johannes Gravius, a Learned Oxonian.

Elementa Linguae Perficae.

Anonymous Persa de Siglis. Arabum & Persarum Astronomicis.

Epochae Arabum Celebriores, and his other Works show his Abilities.

The Lady Jane Gray.

She was both Learned and Religious.

Ascham in his Epist. and Schoolmaster, and divers others commend her for her Learning.

He saith when he came to her once, whilst others were hunting and following their pleasures, he found her reading Platos Phaedon, and that she understood it so, that he admired her.

No marvel if she were well skilled in the Greek.

Miraris Janam Graio sermon valere?

Quo primum natae est tempore, Graia fuit.

Ingenium, Graiis dedit ore rotundo

Musa loqui.— Horat.

Richard Greenham, an eminent and experienced Divine.

His Works are in one Volume.

CHAP. III.

GRegorius M. Gregory surnamed the Great, the first Bishop of Rome of that name, Anno Dom. 1600.

He was an humble, devout, and holy Bishop, and had many pious Martyrs his Predecessors as Popes or Fathers in that See of Rome: he deserved the title of Gregory the Great for abhorring the name of Universal Bishop.

Bede calls him Apostolum nostrum our Apostle, and he gives this reason for it, quod nostram, id est, Anglorum gentem de potestate Satanae ad fidem Christi sua industria convertit, because he converted our Nation by his own industry from the power of Satan to the faith of Christ. He sent Agustine the Monk and other Legates hither. See Pet. du Moulins Antibarbarian, ch. 13.

He first wrote Servus Servorum Dei, putting the Roman Bishops in remembrance thereby, both of their humbleness, and also of their duty in the Church of Christ.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of Gregory the first, Leo the first, and Nicholas the first.

         Pontifices quot Roma tulit celeberrima sanctos;
        
         Majores nullos
         
          Nicolao, Gregorioque;
         
         Sive
         
          Leone
         
         habuit: re sunt ut nomine primi.

Gregory Thaumaturgus, Episcopus fuit Neocaesariensis.

He was called Thaumaturgus from the greatness of his miracles: Basil saith, he was called by the enemies of the truth another Moses. Jerome styles him Virum Apostoli • orum signorum & virtutum.

When he was Bishop of Neocesarea in Pontus, he blessed God that when he came first to his charge, he found not above seventeen Christians, and when he departed from them, he left not in all his Diocese so many unbaptized, or unbelievers.

He was present at the Synod of Antio • h, celebrated against Samosatenus, Anno 266.

He wrote a Metaphrase upon Ecclesiastes.

An Exposition of Faith.

M ^r Gregory of Oxford.

His two Books show him to be a good Linguist.

Gregorias Turonensis.

He hath put out these Works,

Hist. Francorum.

De gloria Martyrum.

De gloria Confessorum.

De vitis quorundam Patrum.

Iac. Gretzerus, a Learned Jesuit, a good Grecian.

He hath commandment from Claudius de Aqua viva General Governor of the society of the Jesuits, to second Bellarmine in all his attempts, and observeth in his own Writings, these two qualities, temere dicere & astute reticere.

He is unreasonably bitter against those which are both Learned and Modest.

The defender of Bellarmine, the most scurrile Writer that this or the former age hath seen. D ^r Crakanth. in a Serm. on 2 Chron. 9. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

He was chosen for the Papists Champion, in the famous Disputation holden at Regensperg, 1600; whom Possevine the Jesuit calls the very hammer of the Heretiks.

Grindall, a Learned Divine.

Johannes Groperus of Collen was offered the Cardinalship by Paul the 4 ^th , but he was then old, and thinking to honor his memory much more by refusing a Dignity, desired even by great Princes, then by keeping it a few days, he sent the Pope many thanks, together with his excuse, and refusing the Ornaments, would neither have the Name nor Title. Hist. of the Counc. of Trent, lib. 5. p. 396, 397.

This was after a sort commendable, but his forsaking the Gospel mentioned by Sleidan in his 15 Book of Commentaries, was most wicked.

Hugo Grotius. He was born at Delph in the Low-Countries, in the year of our Lord 1583.

He hath written upon all the Old and New Testament. His Books De Veritate Religions Christianae, and De Satisfactione Christi are well esteemed.

Piscator sent these verses to him when he published Martianus Capella.

         Magnus es ingenio, doctrina magnus es idem,
        
         Nomini, & magni. Magna cupido tibi est,
        
         Non temere ergo tibi, sed cum ration, locuta
        
         Cognomen
         
          Grotî
         
         Belgica lingua dedit.

He was a very Learned Lawyer, but fell off much from soundness and Orthodoxy in the true Religion in his later days.

Voetius in his 2 ^d part of Select. Theolog. Disputat. De Conversione Iudaeorum reckons him among the men dubiae ant variatae Religions.

Some Learned and Orthodox French Divines, as Rivet, Maresius, and others also have written solidly against him.

Therefore his diligent Translatour might perhaps have been better employed, then in turning into English his Vow for the Churches Peace, a book so empty and Heterodox, and so well refuted by the Learned Rivet in his Apoligeticus pro vera Pace Ecclesiae.

Ianus Gruterus, a famous Critick.

He wrote Thesaurus Criti • us, and Criticall Notes on Seneca 's Tragedies, Statius his Poems, on Martial, Titus Livius, Tacitus. Velleius Paterculus, and others, a great and large Volume of the Inscriptions of the ancient Romans, and divers other Works.

Simon Grynaeus, born Anno 1493.

Incomparabili • vir Simon Grynaeus, in quo pietatem Christianam & virtutes omnes, & musas atque charites habuisse domicilium existimo. Bibliander de Ration Communi omnium Linguarum.

He hath written De utilitate legendae Historiae.

A Dissertation De Cometis, and other Works.

Io. Iac. Grynaeus.

He hath expounded several parts of Scripture, and published two Books of select Epistles, with other Works. Epistolae selectae plenae gravissimarum rerum lectuque dignissimae. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

He said Erasmus did more hurt the Pope of Rome, jocando, quam Lutherus stomachando.

He answered thus to Chytrans, Si non amplius in his terris te visurus sum: ibi tamen conveniemus, ubi Luthero cum Zwingli optime jam convenit. Melch. Ad. in ejus Vita.

• Rudolphus Gualtherus, a Poet and Divine. He was born at Zurich the chief City of the Helvetians, Anno 1518.

His son also of the same name was a Learned Divine.

There are extant his verses in imagines Doctorum nostri seculi virorum.

Rodolph. Gualterus the son hath written Homilies upon the lesser Prophets, and other Learned Works.

Baptista Guarinus.

Stephanus Guichardus, Estienne Guichard a Learned French Linguist.

He hath written a French book entitled L' Harmonie Etymologique des Langues, an Etymologicall Harmony of Languages, in which he compares at least twelve Languages with the Hebrew, and excellently shows their original and signification out of the Hebrew Language.

Franciscus Guicciardinus.

He seems to be inferior to none of the Ancients, for he excels in faith, diligence, prudence, and other virtues, and in the relation of things done, in discovering of Counsels, in noting the manners of men, in describing of persons, and in recounting Orations, he hath many things which are wanting in others who have written the History of those times.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

A Tito nullus, si quis mihi credat, in orbe

Clarior hoc uno floruit Historiâ.

Melchior Guilandinus.

Vir fuit sine dubio literatissimus, qui instar Gorgiae de qualibet re proposita, copiose, atque diserte poterat disputare. Ca • tellanus de vitis Medicorum.

Johannes Guinterius Andernacus, a Learned Physician.

His Works are mentioned by Castellanus De vitis Medicorum.

Gyldas . He wrote the Annals of the British Nation.

Lylius Gregorius Gyraldus.

Petrus Crinitus and he have both written of the Poets, but he far better.

Longe hoc (viz. Crinito) doctior & diligentior. Voss. De Histor. Lat. lib. 3. part. 4. c. 1.

Cujus extat Historia dialogis decem perscripta de Poetis antiquis; opus sicut magni ingenii, & judicii, sic ingentis doctrinae, atque industriae: ita ut exspectandum non sit, ne quis deinceps hanc denuo provinciam suscipiat. Vossius De Poetis Latinis, cap. 7.

CHAP. IV.

H

GEorge Hackw • ll Doctor of Divinity. A very Learned and Pious man.

There are these Works of his published:

An Apology of the Power of God in the Government of the world.

King David's Vow for Reformation.

His Answer to Carrier.

And some Sermons.

Theodoricus Hackspanius, Professor of the Hebrew at Altdorph.

He hath put out

Quadriga Disputationum, and other Tracts.

Gualterus Haddonus, Walter Haddon, an Eloquent and Learned Doctor of the Civil Law.

There are published his

Lucubrationes.

Poemata.

Oratio in Funere Mart. Buceri.

Responsio contra Hier. Osorium. Continuata per Jo. Foxum, l. 3

Hadrianus the Cardinal.

A man of profound Learning, as appeareth by what he hath written of the Fundamentals of Christian Religion.

There is a Book also of his published, De Sermon Latino & modis Latin loquendi.

Thaddaeus Hagecius, ab Hayck Bohemus, Aulae Caesareae medicus, most skillful in Physic, Philosophy and Astronomy.

Sunt sane hi quatuor viri (D. Thaddaeus Hagecius ab Hayck, M. Bartholomaeus Scultetus Gorliciensis, D. Andreas Nolthius▪ Embecksensis, D. Nicolaus Winklerus, Halae Suevorum Physicus) tum in aliis Doctrinarum generibus, tum praesertim in Mathematicis scientiis excellenter periti, quorum duo priores mihi ex facie noti sunt, & Amicitia diuturna conjunctissimi, Tych. Brah. De Cometa Anni 1577. l. 2. c. 10. membrum secundum.

John Hales, a great Grecian, one who when he was young wrote Notes on Chrysostom, and is often honourably mentioned by Andrew Downes the Greek Professor of Cambridge.

He hath printed a Sermon concerning the abuse of obscure and difficult places of Scripture.

Joseph Hall Bishop of Exceter, a Learned and pious man.

He hath written

Three Volumes of Contemplations on the Old and New Testament.

An Explication of all the hard Texts of Scripture.

And divers other Treatises.

Bertholdus Hallerus, a Learned Helvetian Divine.

Dionysius Halycarnasseus, a grave Historian.

He lived under Augustus Caesar.

He hath written

De Rom. Antiq. Gr.

Praecepta Rhetorica.

Opuscula varia.

De Thycididis historia Iudicium.

D ^r Henry Hammod, a Learned Divine, of Magdalene College in Oxford.

He hath published several Works.

Large Annotations on all the New Testament.

A practical Catechism.

And divers other Works in English.

And a Latin Tract against Blondell, of Church-Government.

Thomas Harding.

A Doctor of Lovane, an English man, the Target of Popery in England, as he is styled by Peter du Moulin.

He wrote a Confutation of the Apology, and Replied several times to Bishop Jewel.

John Lord Harrington.

He was both Learned and pious, M ^r Stock the Divine hath written his Life.

William Harvey Doctor of Physic.

Gassendi makes honouaable mention of his book De Circulatione Sanguinis. De vita Peireskii, l. 4. p. 323.

And other outlandish men mention him with great respect.

The Anatomicall part of Physic seems to be rising toward the Zenith of perfection, especially since our never sufficiently honored Countryman D ^r Harvey discovered the wonderful secret of the bloods circular motion. Webst. Exam. Acad. c. 6.

Scientiam humani Corporis, Physicae partem utilissimam, in libris suis de motu Sanguinis, & de Generatione Animalium, mirabili sagacitate detexit & demonstravit. Gulielmus Harvaeus R. R. Iacobi Caroli{que} medicus primarius; solus (quod sciam) qui doctrinam novam superata invidiâ vivent stabilivit. Hob. Praefat. ad Elem. Philos. Sect. 1. De Corpore.

He hath put out

Exercitatio Anatomica, de motu Cordis & Sanguinis, in animalibus.

D. Haymo, a Monk of Fulda, Anno Dom▪ • 40. One of the learnedest of his time.

He hath written upon all the Scriptures, De varietate Librorum, and other things besides.

Casparus Hedio.

He was a most faithful and diligent Pastor of the Church of Argentine for 23 years, and a good Historian.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Alexander Hegius.

Erasmus was his Scholar.

He first brought the Greek learning into the Low-Countries, as Rudolphus Agricola did restore it to Germany.

Daniel Heinsius.

Public Professor of History at Leyden, Secretary and Bibliothecary of the same University; appointed to be Notary in the Synod of Dort.

He hath published Exercitations upon the New Testament, and many Philologicall Works.

Heliodorus, a most eloquent and sweet Greek Writer, whose ten Books of the Ethiopic History in Greek being snatched out of the fire of the Library of Buda (Buda being burnt by Soliman ) were Printed at Basel.

Christ. Helvicus.

His Chronology of the last edition is much commended, as most complete and very useful for any sacred or profane Story.

There are also other Works of his,

De Chaldaicis Bibliorum Paraphrasibus.

Lexicon. Heb. diaacticum.

Vindicatio locorum V. Testamenti à corruptelis Pontificiorum.

Tr. Historicus & Theologicus.

De Chaldaicis Bibliorum phrasibus.

De Carminibus atque Dialectis Graecorum.

Hieronymus Henninges, a godly and Learned Divine.

He hath put out Theatrum Genealogicum in 4 Volumes.

Which Work Neander styles Opus rarum, egregium, spissum atque stupendum, and shows the heads of every Tome.

Henry the first of that Name for his knowledge and science in the seven liberal Arts, was surnamed Clerk or B ••• Clerk.

Henry the 8 ^th .

He set forth a book entitled, A necessary Doctrine and erudition for any Christian man.

See a commendation of his Learning and Severity, Eras. Epist. l. 6. Epist. 12. to him. Of his Learning also in Epistola Thom • Mori ad Academ. Oxford.

Amongst the most famous Contradictors, which the Doctrine of Luther found, was Henry the 8 ^th King of England, who not being born the Kings eldest son, had been destinate by his Father to be Archbishop of Canterbury, and therefore in his youth was made to study: But the eldest being dead, and after him the father also, he succeeded in the Kingdom. Esteeming it a great honor to employ himself in so famous a Controversy of Learning, he wrote a Book of the seven Sacraments, defending also the Popedom, and oppugning the Doctrine of Luther: a thing so grateful to the Pope, that having received the Kings book, he honored him with the title of Defender of the Faith.

But Martin suffered not himself to be scared with that most illustrious glittering name of a King, but answered his Majesty with as much acrimony, vehemency, and as small respect, as he had answered the petty Doctors. The Hist▪ of the Council of Trent, l. 1. p. 16.

He drew many Learned men into England.

Desiderius Heraldus, a Learned Frenchman.

He hath written a Comment on Martial.

Animadversion. in Salmas.

Observat▪ ad Ius Atticum & Romanum, and other Learned Works.

Herbert Lord of Cherbury.

He hath published a Book De Veritate & Causis Errorum, and hath written the Life of K. Henry the 8 ^th in English.

Hermes Trismegistus, the most ancient Doctor of the Egyptians.

He hath written

De Lapidis Philosophici secreto, and other Miscellanies.

Conradus Herebachius , Anno 1 • 08. a Learned Papist.

He was a complete Scholar, skillful in many Languages, the Latin, Greak, Hebrew, Italian, French, Dutch. His friends were the Learned men of that time, Erasmus, Sturmius, and others.

He hath written a most Learned Commentary on the Psalms, de re Rustica.

He put out two Books De institution principis deque Republica Christiana administranda: Lexicon Graeco Latinum locupletavit.

Hermannus Contractus, a Germane, Anno 1032. 1058 say some.

He was descended of a Noble Count of Swedland, and was crooked and lame from his infancy, which gave him the surname of Contractus. He spake Latin, Greek and Hebrew as his natural Language.

He published all his Works with his contracted and paralytick hands. Membris plane erat contractis, unde & Contracti nom • n accepit, & fortasse ea propter monachus factus fuit. Voss. de Histor. Lat. l. 2. c. 44.

He was the inventer of the Astro • abe.

Hermogenes▪ He was of Tarsus in Asia minor. Being scarce 18 years old he wrote the Art of Rhetoric in six books, but when he was old he forgot Learning▪ Thence they spake of him jestingly, that he was old in his childhood, and a child in his old age.

He • edian, an eloquent and faithful (yet free) Historian.

He wrote 8 books of Histories.

Stylus▪ Photio teste, est elegans, perspicuus, ac talis plane; ut vix historicorum ulli ulla virtute cedat. Veritati etiam studuit nisi quod fides ejus mutat in Alexandro & Maximino. Voss. de Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 15.

Herodotus.

Although he relates stories that may seem fabulous, yet the whole body of his History is composed with singular fidelity and a diligent desire of truth, but he often prefaceth concerning other narrations, that he rehearseth them not because he thinks them to be true, but as he hath received them from others.

Hic pater historiae mendacia plurima finxit,

Quippe suam Musis dedicat histori • m. Steph. Paschas. Icon.

Hesiod▪ 37 annis Hesiodus artis suae specimina publice edidit ante Homerum, Seldem. Marm. Arund.

It is an ancient and famous question of the age of Homer and Hesiod, and whether was ancienter. Accius the Poet, and Ephorus the Historian, make Hesiod the first. Vide Agellium l. 3. c. 11.

John Hessels, he hath put out several Works mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

William Landgrave of Hessen was the first Protestant Prince in Germany.

He died of a burning Fever 1637.

Many of the Landgraves of Hessen were Learned men.

Helius Ebanus Hessus. He was born in the year 1488.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Hesychius Grammaticus, Anno Dom. 400.

The most Learned Glossary but corruptly printed.

He was a Christian (though some seem to question it) as Casaubone on Athenaeus, Henry Stevens and D ^r Price show.

Learned D ^r Langbane in his Notes on Longinus, styles Eustathius, Hesychius, and Pollux, Literaturae Graecae Triumviri.

Johannes Heurnius.

He was intimately familiar with the most famous men of that age, Ianus Dousa, Franciscus Junius, Lucas Trelcatius, Hugo Donellus, Everard Br • h • rst, Joseph Scaliger, Iustus Lipsius, Francis Raphelengius, and others.

His Works either published by himself or his son, are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

CHAP. V.

HIeronymus, Anno Aerae Christi 375. Helv. Chron. 390. say others.

He matched any of his time in Learning in the Tongues, skill of humanity, and knowledge in holy Scripture, yet was that time so plentiful of Learned men, as almost no time since.

Linguarum, Historiarum, & locorum situs peritissimus vir. Ful. Miscel. l. 2. c. 8. Vide c. 11. & 15.

He was mainly taken with Origen, so that he called him by way of praising him, Suum, his own.

His Epistles are approved of in Italy, France, Spain, all Germany and Africa: he was honored and sought to far and near by Bishops, by Noble Matrons, by great Rulers, many great personages came far, having seen his Works, to see the Author. He had excellent skill in the Hebrew, which he got of a Jew Barhanin-a • , as Erasmus relates in his Life.

Vir perfecto omnium doctrinarum genere praeditus, Hebraeam praeterea linguam, Syram, Chaldaicam, Graecam, & Latinam callens. Ang. Roch. Bibl. Vatic.

He was over-sharp and vehement in his Epistles with Agustine and with others in his Controversall Writings.

Ut ubique vehemens, ita in Eristico contradicendi genere parum interdum attendendus. Montac. Appar. 9.

Omnium Traditionum Curiosissimus explorator. Id.

Hilarius Pictaviensis Antistes, Bishop of Poitou in France.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Et nos exhilaras, Hilari sanctissime Praesul,

Et monitis victa est Arria secta tuîs.

Hilarius Arelatensis Episcopus.

He lived in the time of Pope Leo about the year 458.

Hildefonsus Toletanae sedis Episcopus.

There are Opuscula varia of his.

Arthur Hildersham, a Learned and Judicious Divine; who quotes Scripture Texts pertinently.

His Comment on the 51 Psalm, and his Lectures on the 4 ^th of John, and other Works are excellent Treatises.

Hincmarus, Anno Dom. 850.

There are his Opuscula & Epistolae.

Admonitio de potestate Regia & Pontificia.

Hipparchus, a great Astronomer.

He lived about 125 years before Christ was born.

Pliny much commends him in the 2 ^d Book of his Natural History, c. 26.

There are his Enarrationes Gr. Lat. Ad Arati & Eudoxi Phenomena.

Hippocrates.

He was the first that wrote Methodically the Art of Physic, all Greece admiring him because of his knowledge.

His Works are in Greek and Latin in two Volumes.

His Aphorisms are much esteemed and quoted by Physicians.

Hippolytus.

He hath written some Homilies, and De Consummatione mundi, de Antichristo, & secundo adventu Christi.

David Hoeschelius, a very Learned man, to whom we owe many good books.

Rob. Holcot, an English man, a Learned Dominican Monk,

He hath written

On the Proverbs.

Questions and Speeches upon the Sentences.

De imputabilitate peccati quomodo longa.

Determinations of other Questions.

Jacobus Hollerius.

Magni illius Hollerii dignissimus filius. Jacobi Augusti Thuani De vita sua. l. 1.

He hath written

De morbis internis, Observat. ad Consilia curandi.

Lucas Holstenius, a Learned Papist.

Franciscus Hottomannus, a Learned Lawyer, well skilled in History and all Antiquity, and a Protestant.

Divers of his Works published Concerning the Law, and other things, for the illustration of Antiquity and politer Learning, are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Homer. Seven Cities contended about his birth.

Leo Allatius hath written a book de Patria Homeri.

Homers Poetry is twofold, his Iliades and Odysses. In the Iliades he represents the strength of his body, in his Odysses that of his mind, both is described in an Heroic verse, the most absolute of all Meeters.

Amongst all Homers verses his Iliades and Odysses are especially celebrated, in which the light of all Philosophy, Oratory and Poetry is seen. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. Hist. l. 2.

Est perfecto regium quid Homeri poesis, & praesertim Ilias, & paraemia quidem ait malorum Ilias, haec vero omnis boni Ilias. Possev. Biblioth. Select. Tomo 2 ^do , l. 17. c. 10.

Homer and Virgil, the two Poets that have been the admiration of all ages, which have afforded men of judgment.

Philosophers and others ascribed little less then Divine authority to Homer.

Alexander the Great put Homers Iliades in a curious Casket which he took from Darius, and laid it still under his pillow when he slept.

Homero vati haec est propria, peculiarisque tribuenda laus, quod neque, ipse de patria sua quicquam prodidit, & pleraeque illum nobilissimae civitates suum quaeque fuisse alumnum contendunt. Polit Orat. in Exposit. Hom. Vide plura ibid.

Alcibiades the Athenian coming into a School, commanded them to bring him Homers book, when they answered they had him not, he struck the Master and went away, counting it an unworthy thing for a Schoolmaster to be without Homer.

Festus Hommius.

He was in the Synod of Dort, and opposed the Arminians.

There is his Specimen controver siarum Belgicarum.

And his Disputationes Theologicae.

Petrus Cornelius Hoofduis, a Learned Dutch Knight.

Richard Hooker.

For his solid Writings he was surnamed the Judicious, and entitled Theologorum Oxonium.

He hath published a Learned Book Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, written in Defense of the Government then established, against the new desired Discipline.

John Hooper, the Learned and godly Bishop of Gloucester and Worcester, and Martyr.

These are his Works,

His Answer to my L. of Winchesters book, entitled, A Detection of the devils Sophistry wherewith he robbeth the unlearned people of the true Belief in the Sacrament of the Altar.

Confession of the Christian Faith.

Declaration of the 10 Commandments.

Sermons on Jonah.

And other Tracts mentioned by Maunsell in his Catalogue.

Ioacbimus Hopperus.

He hath written divers Works.

Paraphrasis in Psalmos.

De usu Psalmorum.

De vera Iurisprudentia

Isagoge in Iurisprudentiam.

De Iuris Art.

Dispositio Lib. Pandectarum.

More of his Works are mentioned by Suffridus Petrus De Scriptoribus Frifi • .

Horatius Flaccus. an ingenious Poet.

Qui unus plura Criticorum judicio, quam caeteri omnes innovavit. Dilher. Disputat. Acad. Tom. 1.

Robert Horne, sometime Bishop of Winchester.

Et been sonantem Hornum. D ^r Humph.

There is his Answer to Fecknam.

Conradus Hornaeus Lutheranus. Vedelius terms him Virum doctissimum, and commends his book De processu disputandi.

Lambertus Hortensius.

Divers of his Works are published.

De Anabaptistis, De Bello Germanico, Explanationes in Lucanum, in Virgilii Aeneida, Dissertatio de Trajecto & Epistolis, Rerum Ultrajectinarum.

Stanislaus Hosius.

He was employed by three Emperors successively, Charles the 5 ^th , his Brother Ferdinand, and Maximilian the son of Ferdinand. He was President in the Council of Trent.

All his Works are in one Volume.

Rod. Hospinianus.

He hath written

De Festis Iudaeorum & Ethnicorum.

De Templis.

De Monachis.

Michael Hospitalius.

Unicum aevi nostri decus. Grot. Pr • fat. ad Poem. Chancellor of France under Charles the 9 ^th , but removed from the Court and made a prisoner as it were, only because he opposed those wicked counsels against the Protestants in the Massacre at Paris.

Beza mentions him in his Icones Virorum illustrium.

There are these of his Works published,

Six Books of Epistles in Latin verse.

De Caleto expugnato.

Epistola & carmen, cum aliis.

In the Preface to his Epistle one saith, it appeared by a most ancient Coin, that he much resembled Aristotle. Summum illum omnium Philosophorum principem Aristotelem sic ore toto retulit, ut alterius ex altero imago expressa videri posset.

Io. Howson, Bishop of Oxford, a Learned man. He hath written De Divortiis, and Sermons.

Rogerius de Howden, a famous Historian, who flourished about the year 1190. He wrote two Books of Annals.

Robert Hues.

He hath written well of the Celestial and Terrestiall Globes and their use.

Hermannus Hugo.

He hath written a good Book de Origin scribendi & rei literariae antiquitate.

Hugo Cardinal, a Dominican.

He hath written learnedly on all the Scripture.

Antonius Hulsius, a learned man.

He hath put out.

Theologia Iudaica, and Notes on the Psalms in Latin.

Humbertus Episcopus.

Whom Leo the 9 ^th made Cardinal for the rare Learning and virtue which was in him, and sent him to Constantinople to suppress the andaciousnesse of another Leo Bishop of the Bulgarians.

Laurentius Humphredus.

Laurence Humfrey Doctor of Divinity and President of Magdalene College in Oxford, a learned and pious man.

He hath written Bishop Jewel's life in Latin, and Iesuitismus.

De Interpretatione Linguarum.

He hath written in English

Of Civil and Christian Nobility, showing the Original, Nature, Duties, Right and Christian Institution thereof.

Also a Treatise by Philo a Jew, of the same Argument, translated.

Seven Sermons.

John Hus a Bohemian born in a Town named Hassenitz.

He died as a Martyr of Christ at Constance Anno 1415. His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

He and Jerome of Prague were condemned in the Council of Constance against the public faith given them. Hus in the year 1415. but Ier • m in the year following, which Bodin (though a Papist) disliked De Repub. l. 5. c. 5.

The people which were present at the execution of Hus, so admired his constancy and pious death, that they said, What that man taught or did before we know not: certainly those things are great evidences of true piety, for he prayed most fervently to God a little before his death.

Hulrichus Huttenus a Knight and Poet laureate, born Anno 1488.

He was Luther's good friend, and encouraged him to constancy.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

In Vallam de donat constant.

Huttenus captivus, Huttenus illustris Satyra nemo.

De Schismate extinguend • .

Exhortatio in Council. Basil. contra decimas.

De laude Germanorum.

De morbo Gallico.

Arminius, Dialogus.

His Poetical Works are in one Volume.

There was this Epitaph made of him.

Hic eques auratus jacet oratorque disertus,

Huttenus vates carmine & ense potens.

C. Julius Hyginus.

Hypatia or Hypathia, a most learned woman, daughter to Theon the Geometrician, she taught publicly at Alexandria, many flocking thither to hear her.

Andreas Gerhardus Hyperius a most learned and diligent Divine. Anno 1511. His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

CHAP. VI.

I

Dr THomas Jackson a learned Divine, as his Commentaries upon the Apostles Creed, and other Works show.

Mr. Arthur Jackson, a Reverend Divine, and good Expos •• or of Scripture.

He hath commented on the Pentateuch, on the Historical Part, and five Poetical Books.

King James a learned and wise Prince.

His several Works show his great Learning. I find in the Appendix of the Oxford Catalogue these words, Opera Regis Lat manu propria inscripta & Acadomiae suae Oxoniensi don • data, in perpetuam Regiae munificentiae memoriam, in Archivis reposita.

In the Catalogue itself his Poetical Exercises, and other particular Works are enumerated.

He died in March.

Non miror regem si Martius abstulit Anglis;

Pacificis semper Mars inimicus erat. Arth. Jonstoni Epig.

Jacobus De Voraigne. He wrote the golden Legend.

Richard James.

M ^r Selden speaks of him and Patrick Young, as his Assistants in his Work of Marmora Arundelliana.

Sed ut expeditiùs res absolveretur, rogo ut in operae societatem adsciscerentur amici communes, eruditissimus Patricius Junius, & multi jugae doctrinae studiique indefatigabilis vir Richardus Iamesius.

For this Richard James, there is this censure of him, that he preached three Sermons, one without a Text, another against his Text, and a third besides it.

D ^r Thomas James. He was a laborious man. As

His Corruption of Scriptures, Councils and Fathers.

The Downfall of Jesuits.

Bellum Papale, and other Works show.

Iamblychus a famous Philosopher, and Porphyrius his Scholar.

He hath written a Book of the mysteries of the Egyptians, Chaldeans and Assyrians, and three Books of the Sect of Pythagoras, with Commentaries of Simplicius the Philosopher.

Io De Ianduno.

Cornelius Jansen. He was born at Hilstane in Flanders.

One of the Papists learnedest and best Expositors of the Gospel.

He was sent by King Philip the second King of Spain to the Council of Trent.

Fuit in hoc viro praestans ingenium, exacta linguarum trium Latinae, Graecae & Hebraicae cognitio, singularis prudentia, eximius rerum usus, inprimis vero summum religions ac pietatis studium. Quantus Theologus fuerit, clamant doctissimi in Concordiam suam Evangelicam orbis judicio probatam Commentarii; qui & aequales aliquot, in his Salmeronem & Beauxamamum in eadem arena desudantes, à suis tunc edendis deterruerunt. Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg.

He was uncle to the other Jansen Bishop of Iper, who wrote Sanctus Augustinus. This Jansen wrote another Book also against the French, and styles it Patricius Armachanus, whence Petavius calls the Jansenians Armachani, or because Jansen was so much beholding to the Archbishop of Armaghs Goteschalci Historia for his Book.

Rabbi Solomon Rashi a learned French Jew, who hath commented on the whole Bible, and to whom Lyra is much beholding for what he hath of the Hebrew.

Jason Maynus.

His Works are in six Volumes.

Iesuitae. The Jesuits.

In the fifth year of Pope Urbane the fifth began first the Order of the Jesuits.

Men of famous industry and excellent reach in all subtle and profound Arts, but ignorant and besotted in matters of faith and mysteries of salvation. D ^r Iacks. on the Creed, Vol. 1. l. 2. c. 1.

Thuanus and Pasquier (though Papists) speak against the titles of Jesuits, as proud and blasphemous. Novo atque ut plerisque visum est superbo nomine appellati sunt. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 15.

See Thuan. Hist. tom. 2. l. 36. at the beginning, and Pasquiers Recherches de la France, l. 3. c. 42, 43. against them.

A Book called the Jesuits Rule, discovers what they are.

See also Monarchia Iesuitica, Arcana Societatis Jesus, Mysteria Patrum Iesuitarum. De studiis Iesuitarum abstrusioribus, and the Jesuits Catechism.

The best Expositors amongst the Papists, are Pererius, Ribera, Tolet, Maldonado, Estius, all which (except Estius ) were Jesuits.

The ablest for controversies, are Bellarmine, Stapleton, Gregory De Valentia, two of which were also Jesuits.

The best Philologers, are Sirmondus, Andraeas Schottus, Fronto Ducaeus, Serarius, all Jesuits.

Some of the Papists are very bitter and malicious, as Genebrard, Gretzer, Scioppius.

Others more candid and ingenuous, Schottos, Frontones, Acostas, Petavios, Rosweydos, & aliquos alios viros eruditos & modestos excipio. Montac. Appar. 7.

Ignatius, Anno Dom. 102. 96. Helv. Chron.

He was the Scholar of S ^t John the Evangelist, Bishop of the Church of Antioch, a man of great Sanctity, and a most ardent lover of our Lord Jesus Christ, he was was wont to say of him, My love was crucified.

Bishop Usher and Vedelius show which of his Epistles were genuine.

Matth. Fl. Illyricus was somewhat heretical, but yet was useful to the Church in some of his Works, his Clavis, the Centuries, in which he had a great share, and Catalogus testium veritatis.

D ^r Jackson indeed in Christ's everlasting Priesthood, l. 10. c. 12. seems to justify Illyricus his definition of original sin, and chap. 13. labors to show, that Calvin and Peter Martyr consent with him in the description of original sin. Yet I have elsewhere refuted his opinion, of original sins being the essence and substance of a man, and it is generally disliked by the Orthodox.

Denegarunt ei coenam ministri propter doctrinam de peccata originally, ita sine viatico, quia aberrarat e viae, abiit ex hac vita: utinam pius & bonus. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Lavater.

Johannes De Indagine.

He flourished Anno 1522.

He was a great Astrologer.

Indices Expurgatorii.

There are two Expurgatory Indices, one new, the other old, one set out by Cardinal Quiringa in the year 1584 the other by the Cardinal of Squidoval and Roxas in the year 1612. B. Ush. Answ. to the Jesuit. Challenge.

There be some Authors so purged, as Georg. Venetus, Erasmus Roterodamus, and Carolus Molinaeus Works, that their depravations being diligently noted, would amount unto whole Volumes. D. James his Remedy against all manner of Popish Corrupt. Part. 5 ^th .

They have put as much out of Cajetan as would make a pretty Book.

The purpose of these Indices is to corrupt the writings, and raze the records of the world, to make all Authors to become the Popes Proctors, and such as (having spake for the truth) now (being dead) must plead for the Pope. Their practice is so soon as an Author is purged, to burn all the old ones as far as they can. Crashaws Preface to his Romish Forgeries and Falsificat.

Arias Montanus was sometime a chief Inquisitor in the Low-Countries, and had more then a finger in printing of the Antwerp Index, long since, and often reprinted by Junius: yet now his own Works (as his learned Commentaries ) upon Isaiah, the lesser Prophets, the four Evangelists and Acts of the Apostles, upon the Epistles and Apocalypse, and other writings of his, are purged and purged again in the Roman Index. D. James his Mysteries of the Indices Expurgatory.

Io. Philippus▪ Ingrassi • s, a learned Physician.

His house was called eruditionis emporiam, the mart of Learning.

These of his Works are celebrated.

De moribus pr • ter naturam. Tomus 1.

Quaestio de p • rgatione per medicamentum, & de sanguinis mission.

Iatrologia.

Synopsis Commentarior •• de peste.

Commentaria in Galeni librum de ossibus.

Comment in Artem medic. Galeni.

Ingulphus a Learned English Abbot.

He lived Anno 1050. as he witnesseth in the end of his History.

He wrote a History of the Monasteries of England. See more of him, lib. 2. cap. 13. pag. 93.

Innocentius tertius Papa, Anno Dom. 1200.

A learned man but a great persecutor of the Church.

When he had great store of money, he said to Thomas Aquinas, Dost thou not see Thomas, that the Church cannot now say as in times past when it first began, Aurum & argentum non habeo, I have not gold and silver, Thomas presently answered, Holy Father, this is true, but the Church cannot now say, as the Primitive Church did by the same man, Arise, walk, be whole.

His Works are contained in two Tomes.

Alanus Insulensis, vel de Insulis,

There is his

Ante-Claudiani, & de Anti-Rusfino.

Abbas Ioachimus.

He was an heretic, he held a distinction of the Deity from the Persons, and so a quaternity, mistaking a passage in Peter Lombard.

Arthur Ihonston a Scotch Doctor of Physic before he was full twenty three years of age, he was laureated Poet at Paris, his Paraphrastick Translation of the Psalms is commended.

Iornandes, he was called Iordanus, he flourished Anno Domini DXXX, under the Emperor Justinian.

He being a Monk was made Bishop of the Gothas.

Josephus Ind • ious Clarissimus Iudaeorum Historicus. Ful. Miscel. l. 2. c. 3. mo •• learned in the Greek and Hebrew.

He is a diligent Historian, yet since he wrote the Antiquities of his own Nation, with an intention to communicate them to others, he described them as stately as he could, and when he thought the simplicity of the Scripture did not suffice to the commendation of things done amongst the Hebrews, he invented and added many things himself, therefore in those things he is to be prudently read, lest he deceive the unwary Reader. This fault Luther on Gen. 34. and Rivet on Exod. 2. and Chamier and others tax him with. Vide Cornel. à Lap. in Gen. 29. & in Numb. c. 11. v. 34.

There was a Jew in latter times who out of the true Josephus translated into Latin by Ruffiuus (he himself understanding no Greek) and Hegesyppus (or rather Ambrose ) his Latin History of the destruction of Jerusalem, set out an Hebrew History under the false▪ name of Joseph Ben-Gorion, whom he thought to be the same with Josephus the Historian, for whom he would be taken. The Epitome of this Hebrew History is entitled, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Iosiphon, whence the name of Iosippus was taken up.

Paulus Iovius.

Some commend him, and others much dislike him.

I have heard wise and learned men say, That his whole study and purpose is spent on these points, to deface the Emperor, to flatter France, to spite England, to help Germany, to praise the Turk, to keep up the Pope, to pull down Christ and Christ's Religion, as much as lieth in him. Aschams Discourse of the State of Germany, p. 15.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him.

Vaeualis cui penna fuit, cui gloria flocci,

Vix quid ut ill fide scripserit historicâ.

Thuanus calls him Luculentum historiarum Scriptorem Hist. Tom. 1. l. 11. Neand. in the third part of his Geography, saith Paulus Iovius in opere ejus doctissimo & • loquentissim • historiarum nostri temporis.

Hic situs est Iovius Romanae gloria linguae:

Par cui non scripto non Patavinus erat.

CHAP. VII.

IRenaus, Anno Dom. 180. 161. Helv. Chron.

Bishop of Lions, the Disciple of Polycarpus who was a hearer of John, most famous among the Fathers.

His nature well agreed with his name, for he ever loved peace, and sought to set agreement when any controversy rose in the Church.

He was martyred with a great multitude of others more, for the Confession and Doctrine of Christ, about the fourth of fifth year of S • verus.

Io. Isaacus. He was a Jew, but turned Christian.

He hath put out an Hebrew Grammar.

Isidorus Hispalensis, Anno Dom. 632.

He was called the younger to distinguish him from the senior Bishop of Corduba, or from another Bishop of Siville his Predecessor.

He was the Archbishop of Sivill, the President of the Council of Sivill in Spain, one of the most learned Writers which have been in the Church within this thousand years. B. Down. Defense of his Serm. l. 3. c. 4.

He hath learnedly interpreted almost all the Old and New Testament. He hath written twenty Books of Etymologies, wherein he hath not only shown himself a Grammarian, but a complete Artist.

Isidorus Pelufiota, floruit anno 482. Bell. de Script. Eccles.

For his famous sanctity he was called by a peculiar name 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , that is, carrying God in him.

Isocrates.

He was very bashful, and never spake in public but once.

Tully calls him the father of eloquence, Dilher that Attick Syren.

Isocrates quidem suavitatem habuit, vim Demosthenes.

Notae Dounaei in 36. Hom. Chrysost. in Epist. prim. ad Corinth.

Henricus Isselburgius Professor and Pastor of Brema, Doctor in Divinity.

There is a Book of his published, styled

Digeries praecipuarum quarundam Controversiarum Theol.

John Jewel Bishop of Salisbury, exile in Queen Mary's time for the Profession of the Gospel.

He was born in Devonshire. John comes from the grace of God. Jewel is the same in our Language with Gemma in Latin, as lately a learned Writer was called Gemma Frisius.

The Jewel of Bishops, the worthiest Divine that Christendom hath bred for some hundreds of years, saith incomparable Hooker. Doctor Hackwell. Apol. lib. 5.

Hardly is there any Controversy of importance handled at this day, of which in his Works is not to be found some learned and probable resolution.

His Apology was esteemed not only by the Tigurines, but by all Protestants. It was translated into the Germane, French, Italian, Spanish Tongue, and into the English by the Lady Anne Bacon, wife to the Lord Chancellor Bacon.

The first part of it is an illustration of the true Doctrine, and a certain paraphrastical Exposition of the twelve Articles of our Christian faith. The second a succinct and solid Refutation of Objections.

He had at hand a great paper-book, as it were a rich treasury of Sciences, in which he wrote his divine and human collections out of Poets, Philosophers and Divines. We call it a Common-place book.

Doctor Rainolds in his Letter to his friend concerning his advice for the study of Divinity, saith thus,

Touching noting, you know, I do not like the common custom of Commonplace Books. The best in my judgment is to note in the Margent, or in some paper-book for that purpose the Sum and Method of that which you read.

In other little Books which he carried about with him (an Ephemerides or Diary ) he diligently wrote all the Apophthegmes and witty speeches, or jests which he heard from others, or observed any way, by which means he much increased his knowledge yearly.

He was very affable and courteous, amiable in his whole life, in speech witty and pleasant; in his writings he is solid and yet facetious. He fled in Q. Mary's days, and returned when Q. Elizabeth ruled.

Julian the Emperor, a Learned Prince, but an Apostate.

Quo tetrius magisque Deo simul & hominibus exosum animal orbis vix vidit. Crak. De Provid. Dei.

He was given to Eusebius Bishop of Nicomedia to be instructed, of whom also he learned the Doctrine of the Church, and was made a Reader in the Church of Nicomedia. But he was a hearer secretly of Libanius the Rhetorician, and was familiarly acquainted with the most famous Philosophers of that time. He was drawn back by these by degrees to the Heathenish Religion.

He wrote Books against the Christians, and reproved their Doctrine, especially the prohibitions of revenge delivered, which, though they properly belong to private revenge, yet he wrested them for public revenge, and he said by these, Magistrates, punishments, lawful wars were taken away, and all the sinews of retaining human Societies.

Ammianus Marcellinus commends his Temperance in meat and drink, and his continual watching, and the partition of the night into private, public and divine offices.

He took away the great Gifts and holy Vessels which Constantine the Great had given to the Churches use, and Ministers maintenance, with this scoff, See in what goodly vessels this N • zarite is served.

It was one of his scoffs when he robbed the Churches and the Christians, He did it that the Galileans (so he contumeliously called the Christians) might go more readily to heaven.

He not only killed the Christians, but scoffed at Christ himself and the Scriptures.

He had scarce reigned two years, when warring against the Persians, he was struck and mortally wounded with a Spear in that war, as Nazianzen, Theodoret, Socrates, Sozomen, and others uno ere docent, and filling his hand with blood, casting it into the air, he cried out, Vicisti Galilae • , Ita simul & victoriam confessus est, & blasphemiam evomit, saith Theodoret.

Franciscus Junius.

The glory of Leyden, the oracle of Textual and School-Divinity, rich in Languages, subtle in distinguishing, and in Argument invincible. D ^r Halls Dec. of Epist. Epist. 7.

He saith in his own Life written by himself, that he being once in the times of trouble very hungry, came by accident into the house of a Countryman, and desiring some food, he entertained him most courteously. Hic (ô sapientiam Dei admirabilem ) saith he, optimam scholam Christianitatis Dominus meus mihi paraverat. There they discoursing together about the troubles for Religion. Sic effecit Deus admirabiliter (saith Junius) ut bonus rusticus sanctissimum Zelum, quem habeb • t, operante Domino, mihi quasi insti •• ar •• , ego vero malus Christianus, siquidem Christianus, ei scientia praelucerem. Una & eadem hora suam gratiam in utroque explicavit & ostendit▪ Deus: à me scientiam rustico, ab illo Zeli semina qu • dam mihi ingenerans. And so being each of us some way bettered by the other we departed, saith Junius.

He is censured by Doctor Twisse as too obscure, but by Thuanus overharshly, Vir desultorio ingenio, qui multa conatu • , an adsecutus sit quod moliebatur, doctorum erit judicium. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 79. from whom he is vindicated by Vossius.

His Works are in two Volumes in Folio.

Migravit ad Christum anno 1602.

His Son Francis Junius (whom I know well) hath written a learned Book De Pictura veterum.

Hadrianus Junius a Physician.

One of the great Lights of Holland, as Erasmus also was.

Vir eruditissimus variaeque lectionis. Ful. Miscel. l. 4. c. 5.

Fuit Medicus, Criticus, Poeta, Historicus exactissima antiquitatis cognition egregie clarus; linguarum plurium peritus. Melch. Ad. vit. Germ med.

Many Monuments of his wit full of Learning witness his great ability.

His Nomenclator, six Books of Animadversions, Copiae Cornu, and other Works.

Ptricius Junius, Patrick Young a Scotchman, a great Grecian.

There is his

Catena Pat. Graec. in Job Gr. Lat.

Clementis ad Corinthios Epistola, cum ejus notis.

Fr. Iuretus.

He hath put out Notes on Seneca.

Christ. Iustellus a learned Protestant.

He hath published these two excellent Works.

Codex Canonum Ecclesiae Affricanae.

Codex Canonum Ecclesiae Universa.

Justinian the Emperor.

He was born at Prisdena in Sertia. He was most Orthodox in Religion, a most constant Defender of the true Doctrine against the Arians, Nestorians Eutychians and Manichees.

He wrote four Books of Institutions, in which the Sum of all the Roman Laws is briefly comprehended.

Of these Melanchthon's Distich is memorable.

Continet hic tenuis legum praecepta libellus.

Primaque Romani semina juris habet.

Augustinus Iustinianus Episcopus Nebiae.

Paulus Iovius saith, when he passed from Genua into the Corsick Island, he was thought to be drowned, or to be intercepted by Pirates.

Sodalitatis praedicatorum eximius theologus, Graecis, Hebraeis, Arabis, Chaldaeisque literis ornatus, qui ex Graecis Hebraicisque Latinitati plurima donavit. Ingensque volumen historiarum Genuensium lingua vernacula, cum insulae Corsicae descriptione condidit. Leand. Albert Descript. tot. Ital. in Liguria.

Laurentius Justinian the Patriarch of Venice was also of the same house.

Leonardus Iustinianus.

His Family had the same felicity that the Curios had, that there were three famovs Orators of it, two Leonards, the Grandfather and the Grandchilde, and Bernard the Grandchildes son. Volat. Anthropel. l. 21.

Justin Martyr.

A famous Philosoph ••• and a great Defender of Christian Religion, who first exhibited unto the Emperor Antoninus Pius, and to the Senate, an Apology in the Defense of the Christians, and afterward himself also died a Martyr.

He flourished in the Church after Christ about the year 150, so Zanchi Others say 163.

He is the ancientest of the Fathers (whose writings remain) except Clement.

He lived in the very next Age to the Apostles, and Tertullian lived the next Age to him.

He was first allured to the Faith by the cruelty of Tyrants, and by the constancy and patience of God's Saints.

In the year of Christ 163. he suffered Martyrdom for the faith under Marcus Aurelius Antoninus the Philosopher, and Lucius Verus Emperors.

His Works were printed in Greek and Latin by Co • imelinus Anno 1593.

Justin the Historian.

He lived under the Emperor Antoninus.

Junius Juvenal.

He is commended by learned men for the best Satirist. That Censor morum liberrimus. He is a rare Poet, is testified by his Verse, flowing like a River, when the wind breaths gently, smooth besides the banks, strong in the current.

He was a true Philosopher, who with inimitable sweetness of Language, and majesty of Sentences, sets before our eyes the loveliness of virtue, and the deformity of vice. So the learned Sir Robert Stapleton in his Preface to his exact Translation of Iuvenals Satyrs.

Iuvencus Presbyter a Spaniard.

He flourished in Constantine's reign, Anno Dom. 330.

He wrote four Books of Verses, in which he hath comprised the Evangelical History.

CHAP. VIII.

K

BArth. Keckermannus.

He hath written almost on all Arts

All his Works are in two Volumes in Folio.

Thomas de Kempis, or Kempensis.

His Book De Imitatione Christi is translated into sundry Languages.

He is translated into the Turkish Language. A Merchant going to Algiers in Mauritania to redeem some Captives from their miserable slavery, found this Author translated, and by the King wonderfully enriched with pearls, and kept (as he saith) in a more glorious Cabinet then ever Alexander kept his Homer in.

Liber quotidianarum pagi • arum erat ei Thomae à Kempis divinum opusculu •• de Imitatione Christi, de quo in libro de Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis, Ego, inquit, ab adolescentiâ mea, & usque ad senectam hoc Opusculum saepissime volvi & revolvi usum per mihi novum apparuit, & nunc etiam mirifice cordi meo sapit. Fuligattus in vitae Bellarmini.

Aureus ill De Christi imitatione libellus, & non modo de manibus nunquam deponendu • , sed & ad verbum ediscendus, tanquam pietatis myrothecium, ut jure omnium gentium linguis hodie legatur. Aubert. Miraei Elog. Belg. Vide plura ibid.

John. Keplerus a famous Mathematician.

He hath put out many Works that way.

Vir ingenio, industria, & (quod omnium instar) foelicitate inventorum, Admirabilis, saith D ^r Ward of him in his Preface to the Reader before his Inquisitie in Bulliald. Astronomiae Philolaicae Fundament • .

Jacobus Kimedoncius, he was Professor at Heidelburg in the Palatinate.

He wrote De verbo Dei.

De Redemptione generis humani.

De Divina Praedestinatione.

Oratio lugubris in obitum Io. Casmiri.

R. David Kimchi, a most learned Rabbin, and deadly enemy to Christians.

The King of Grammarians. Broughton of the ten first Fathers.

He hath styled his Grammatical Work Michlol.

Liber Radicum, that Book of his roots or Hebrew Lexicon is Hebraicae literaturae locupletissimus thesaurus.

Comment in Psalmos 10. priores.

There is he and other Rabbins upon the lesser Prophets.

Adversus Christianos.

R. Moses Kimchi.

There is his Introductio ad sapientiam cum Exposit. D. Eliae & annot. Const. L'Empereur Hebraice & Lat. 80.

Athanasius Kircherus, a learned Germane Jesuit now living at Rome.

He hath written these Works,

Lingua Aegyptiaca restituta.

Prodromus coptus sive Aegyptiacus.

Consule eruditissimum de magnete opus Athanasii Kircheri. Musaeum Wormianum l. 1. Sect. 2. c. 9.

Conradus Kircherus.

His Greek Concordance of the Old Testament is much esteemed, entitled

Concordantiae Veteris Testamenti Graecae Hebraeis vocibus respondentes.

Petrus Kirstenius a great Arabist of Germany.

He hath published divers things about the Arabic Tongue.

John Knewstub a Learned Divine.

There are his Lectures on Exod. 20. 7. first 17. verse. on 1 Cor. 13. v. 4, 5, 6, 7. on Gal. 3. v. 10. on 3 John. v. 16. on Mat. 6. v. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13.

Answer unto certain Assertions.

Confutation of monstrous and horrible heresies taught by H. N. and embraced of a number, who call themselves of the Family of Love.

John Knox a learned Scotch Divine.

Johannes Major a famous Scotchman also was his Master.

Beza and Calvin write several Epistles to him; Calvin three, and Beza two. Calvin calls Knox and Goodman his Brethren, and excellent men.

He had a Prophetick Spirit, by which he fore-told many things that came to pass afterwards, as Whitaker observes.

He was the Restorer of the Gospel among the Scots.

His Sermons and other English Works are mentioned by Maunsell in his Catalogue.

Albertus Krantzius, or Crantzius.

A man, as of an excellent Spirit, so of far greater Place and Authority in Germany then Luther was, and one that from as earnest detestation of the Romish Churches pride and insolencies, notified as great a desire of Reformation, as Luther, yet thought he should have but lost his labor in oppugning the greatness whereto it was grown. The same Bishop a little before his death being made acquaiuted with Luther's purpose; after approbation of his good intents to reform the abuse of Indulgences, burst into these despairing speeches of his good success, Frater, frater, abi in cellam, & dic, miserere mei Deus. D ^r Iacks. on the Creed first Vol. l. 1. c. 30.

There are his Works in two Volumes mentioned by Melch. Ad.

CHAP. IX.

L

LActantius Firmianus, Anno Dom. 300.

He was Tutor to Constantine's Son Crispus, but that was (as Jerome saith) in extrema senectute.

He was so poor, that many times he wanted even necessaries. G • neb. out of Euseb. Chron.

Hic est Cicero Christianorum quemadmodum Cyprianus eorundem Caesar. Alsted. Encyclop. l. 32. c. 7.

Institutionum divinarum opus, sub Diocletiano aggressus est, ut ipse testator libro quinto, capite quarto, & tempore Constantini magni edidit, ad ipsum Constantinum sermon converso. Forbes. Instruct. histor. Theol. l. 7. c. 8.

Quem obsecro ad pietatem accendit Lactantius? atque nihil • o nitidius. Dicas Christianum Ciceronem loqui, quanquam ill non tractat Scripturas, sed cum Ethnicis digladiatur. Eras. Epist. l. 27. Epist. 38. Inter omnes Patres audit Ciceronianus. Ames. Bell. Enerv.

He was called Firmianus from his Country Firmi or Firmii a Town of the Picenes in Italy, Lactantius à lacteo eloquentiae flumine, solidiorique orationis genere. Wolfii Lect. mem. Cent. 5.

Arnobii discipulus, & quidem similis fortunae. Nam utramque ex Oratoriae artis profession religions Christianae doctorem evasisse, ex Hieronymo constat. Voss. Hist. Pelag. l. 3. part. 1. Thes. 1.

Franciscus Lambertus. There is his Commentary on the Revelation.

Dionysius Lambinus.

A learned man and a Protestant, say some, though Thuanus make him a Papist.

He hath commented well on Lucreti • s, Horace, Plautus, Turnebus often honourably mentions him in his Adversaria.

Dionysius Lambinus vir omnibus literis egregi • doctus & Greece & Latin imprimis eruditus, & nunc lingu • Graecae profession Parisi • nse gymnasium ornans. Turneb. Advers. l. 11. c. 26.

Carolus Langius.

Johannes Langius, a learned Physician of Germany,

Illustrissimi Principis Pulatini Rheni Medicus, cujus extant Epist • larum medicinalium Tomi duo ab Op • ri • o nostro Basilea impressi, opus stupendum, eruditum, varium, Medicum, Physicum, Phylologicum, planeque tale • t ob rerum in illo opere pulcherrimarum, variarum ac scitu dignissimarum copiam, non solum medicinae candidatis, sed etiam omnibus eruditae ac Philologicae doctrinae studiosis, plurimum sit emolumenti all • turum. Extat etiam ejusdem medicu • de Repub. symposium, ejusdem plane argumenti cum Epistolis medicinalibus. Neand. Geog. part. 1.

Steph. Langton, a learned Englishman.

Hubertus Languetus.

Non minus doctrina, quam diuturn • totius Europae peragratione clarus. Bod. Meth. Hist. c. 4. Vide Thuan. Hist. Tom. 3. l. 74.

Thomas Lansius.

His Consultatio de principatis inter provincias Europae is a learned Work.

Cornel. à Lapide, a Jesuit of Flanders. He publicly taught the Hebrew, and expounded the Scriptures at Lovaine more then twenty years.

He hath Commented almost on all the Scripture.

He was of very low stature, as I have heard from one that (I think) saw him, and so I find him described in Valeri Andr • ae Bibliotheca Belgica, Pusillus quidem corpore, at ingenio magnus fuit.

Johannes Lascares.

Lud. Lavaterus.

A Learned and diligent Preacher of the Church at Z • rick.

His Book de Spectris, hath been often published in Latin, High Dutch, Low Dutch, French, Italian.

He first got himself a name by this Book.

Perlegi Lavateri Doctissime: non sine voluptate & fructu, eruditissimum libellum tuum de Spectris. Placet argumentum, sententia tua, methodus, perspicuitas. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Lavatero.

He hath Commented upon Ezekiel, Ecclesiastes and Esther, Ruth, Nehemiah.

Io. Baptista Laurus. He hath written two Centuries of Epistles.

Theatri Rom. orchestra, de viris illustribus.

Jacobus Laurentius, a Learned Minister of Holland.

In his singular Tractate entitled Reverentia Ecclesiae Romanae erga S. Patres veteres subdola D ^r Featlies Stricturae ad Lyndomastigem.

He hath Commented upon the Epistle of James, both the Epistles of Peter, hath written in loca difficiliora Epist. Pauli.

Gaspar Laurentius.

These Works of his are publi • hed,

Observatio de publicis dispute. de Religion.

De natura in Sacramentis, cum Christi Jesus Conjunctione.

Jacobus Latomus, Pater • ive Senior, an eloquent and learned man, most skillful in three Languages.

He wrote two Dialogues de trium Linguarum & studii. Theologici ration.

And divers other Works.

Jacobus Latomus, filius • ive Junior.

He turned some of the Psalms into verse.

Hugh Latimer, sometimes Bishop of Worcester, Martyr.

There is his Conference with Ridley, and his Sermons.

Johannes Lati • s, or de Laet.

Olaus Wormius in his Museum Wormianum often honourably mentions him.

He hath put out the work of the several Commonwealths.

America, seu novi orbis descriptio cum Tabulis.

Hispania, sive de Regis Hispaniae reg • is, & oppibus Comment.

A learned Tractate de Gemmis & Lapidibus.

De Imperio magni Mogolis. Novus Orbis, seu descriptionis Indiae Occidentalis, l. 18.

Persia, seu Regni Persici status.

Pierre De Launey, a French Gentleman.

He hath written upon all Paul's Epistles in two Volumes in French, in quarto.

The same man (by another name) hath written on Daniel and the Revelation.

Wolfgangus Lazius.

He hath published

Com. Reipub. Rom.

De gentium aliquot migrat.

De Bello Turcico.

De rebus Graecis.

Rerum Viennensium lib. 4. with other Tracts.

Iac. Ledesma.

He hath written a book De divinis Scriptures in quavis lingua non legendis.

Legenda.

It was called Aurea Legenda the golden Legend, by the Papists, for the excellency that it seemed to have above all other stories.

It contains a report of the Lives and Miracles of the Saints, a book written by a man of a leaden heart for the baseness of the errors that are without wit or reason, and of a brazen forehead, for his impudent boldness in reporting things so fabulous and incredible.

Io. Lelandus, a famous Antiquary.

He wrote four books de viris illustribus, • ive de scriptoribus Britannicis: It is pity it is not printed. That Manuscript is in Oxford Library.

Hoc opus magna diligentia, cura, & labor congessimus, atque adeo jam in temos quatuor digessimus, ne Britanniae nostrae, fama tot eruditorum, & elegantium scriptorum deperiret. Quotus enim quisque est hac nostra • tate, vel inter eruditos, qui recte norit quos literarum flores Britanniae hortus protulerit. Certe ut ingratitudini • notam multi in hac parte • luant, nunquam profecto desidiae maculam abstergent. Lelandi Comment. In Cygneam Cantionem.

Civis Londinensis sum, nec me patriae paenitet meae. Speroque aliquando futurum, ut nec illam sui qualiscunque poeniteat alumni.

Nulli nota magis domus est sua, quàm mihi certe

Omnia Londini sunt monumenta mei. Id. ibid.

There are some of his Works published,

Assertio inclytissimi Arturi Regis Britanniae.

Ge • ethliacon Edw. 6 ^ti .

Cignaea Cantio, with a Comment, which is his best book printed. He himself in his Peroration saith thus of it, I am praestiti quod sum pollicitus, & Commentarii qualescunque mei in Cygneam cantionem prodeunt, opusculum ex penetralibus reconditae, & sacrosanctae antiquitatis religiose erutum, & diligentia, cura, fide quant • potui plane maxima in lucidum ordinem redactum.

Laevinus Lemnius , a Learned Physician.

He wrote,

Explanationem similutudinum, quae ex fructibus herbisque in sacris bibliis desumuntur.

De habitu & constitutione corporis.

De occul • is naturae miraculis, ac variis rerum documentis libros quatuor, multipli • i eruditione refertos, with others.

Leo Hebraeus.

Fortasse Mutiensis qui scripsit de ritibus Hebraeis.

Leo the first Pope.

A Learned man but proud enough Leo M. primus Episcopus fuit Romanus, & quidem ambitiosissimus. Cham. de Occumen. Pontif. l 3. c. 4.

His Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Leo decimus, Leo the tenth, Anno Dom. 450.

As one whose birth and education was noble, he adorned the Papacy with many good parts which he brought into it, amongst which were his singular Learning in humanity, goodness, and a marvelous sweet manner in treating of affairs, together with a pleasing behavior, more then human, joined with incomparable liberality, and a great inclination to favor those that were Learned, and endowed with any extraordinary quality; which virtues were not found in that Sea of a long time before, neither equal nor near unto his. And he would have been a Pope absolutely complete, if with these he had joined some knowledge in things that concern Religion, and some more propension unto piety, of both which he seemed careless. Hist. of the Counc. of Trent, l. 1. parag. 12.

He was son unto Laurence Medices, and had to his great grandfather Cosmus, that was the great honor of that House. Leo was made Cardinal when he was but thirteen years old: his successor was Adrian the 6 ^th a Hollander. Sl • id. Comm • nt. l. 3. p. 34.

He died at Rome in the year of his age 47, of his Popedom the 8 ^th .

He departed not without the suspicion of poisoning.

Paulus Iovius hath written four Books de vita Leonis decimi. See his 3 ^d and 4 ^th books especially.

There is a medall, where there is Leo the tenth of one side of it, and Roma aeterna on the other, and this a little before the rise of Luther.

Leo Imperator. His Works are in Greek and Latin.

There are his Tactica, sive de re militari, cum notis Iomeursii. Canticum compunctionis, and other Works.

Johannes Leo of Africa.

A man for his fidelity, amongst the Learned in the Eastern Languages and Histories of very good esteem.

There is his Geographicall description of Africa.

Nicolaus Leonicenus, a Learned Physician.

He taught above 60 years at Ferraria, and lived till 96. He said, Se viridi vegetaque uti senecta, quia castam juventutem virili aetati tradidisset.

There is his

Quaestio de tribus doctrinis ordinariis.

De falsa quarundam herbarum inscriptione à Plini • .

De morbo Gallico, and other Works.

Nicolaus Leonicus Thomaeus, a Learned Venecian.

Leonardus Lossius, Anno salutis 1554.

He hath written De Iustitia & Iure, and other subjects.

He hath written a book entitled Consultatio quae fides & Religio sit Capessenda, which was translated into English.

It is answered by Meisner, but better by Henricus Brandius in his Examen Consultationis Lessianae.

R. Levi Ben Gerson.

He hath written a Commentary on the Proverbs of Solomon.

Io. Lewenclaius, a Learned and famous man, who hath translated many of Gregory Nazianzens Works into Latin, and added Greek expositions, translated also by him.

He hath written several Treatises,

Iuris Graeco-Rom. tam Canonici quam Civ. To. 2.

Historiae Musulmanae Turcarum cum aliis Tractat. and many other Treatises.

Libanius the Sophister was born at Damascus. A very eloquent man.

Many of his Greek Orations were printed at Rome in one Volume, among which also there is one, which contains the Elogy and Encomium of Julian the Apostate his Scholar.

There be many Epistles of his to Basel, and his answers again to him.

Library.

Chrysologus saith, a good Library is the only Paradise in the world.

Some much commend that famous Library of Ptolomeus Philadelphus at Alexandria: Ram • highly extols that of Cosmo de Medicis at Florence: Some magnify the Popes Vaticane at Rome. Others, and justly, that of ours in Oxford.

Paulus Gualdus in the Life of Pinellus much commends his Library. Bibliotheca ejusdem, quae inter omnes pene Italicas, ac fere dixerim Europaeas, una eminebat. Quinquaginta annorum opus fuit, magni ex eo saltem aestimandum, quod accuratissimus vir in illud unum contulerit curas suas omnes & cogitations: Librorum numerum mihi incompertum, ex eo investigare quis poterit, quod Neapolim post ejus obitum capsae librariae plus minus centenae tricenae delatae sunt.

Lipsius hath written a book De Bibliothecis.

And Angelus Roccha at the end of his Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana hath an Appendix, De Bibliothecarum Inventione & Incremento.

Duncanus Liddelius, a Scottish Doctor of Physic.

He hath put out these Works,

Ars Medica.

De Febribus.

De Diaeta.

He was an eminent Professor of the Mathematics, Scholar to Tycho Brahe.

Fridericus Lidembruchius.

He hath written Observations upon Ammianus Marcellinus, and also Observations upon Iornandes, Isidore and Paulus Diaconus.

John Lightfoot.

A Learned Doctor of Divinity, well skilled in the Hebrew Text and the Rabbin's, as his divers Learned Works show.

Harmony on the Old Testament.

Harmony of the New Testament.

On the Acts.

Temple Service.

Miscellanies, and Sermons.

Gulielmus Lilius.

One of the prime Poets of those times.

Insignem ex optimis literis laudem tulit Gulielmus Lilius, qui primus cives suos Latin, atque diserte loqui feliciter docuit. Pauli Jovii Britannia.

Thomas Linacer vel Linacrus, an Englishman. He was the Physician of Henry the 8 ^th , and Master to Prince Arthur.

A great Physician and Grammarian, excellently skilled in Greek and Latin. He eloquently turned many of Galens Works into Latin, Galeni nitidissimus interpres. He put forth an excellent Work a litttle before his death, de emendata structura Latini Sermons.

Linacer Grammaticorum doctissimus. Beza in Act. 10. v. 15.

Gulielmus Lindanus.

He was born at Dort in Holland. He was commended by Gregory the 13 ^th in the Conclave of Cardinals.

Petrus Lindebergius.

He hath put out

Hist. rerum in Europa gestarum. Poemata.

Aloysius Lippomanus.

He hath published

Catena in Gen.

In Psalmos 10 Priores.

De Sanctorum Historiis.

Iustus Lipsius. He was born at Brussels.

Criticorum phosphorus nitidissimus J. Lipsius. Dilh. Dispute. Acad. Tom. 1. Criticorum superioris seculo princeps. Meibom. Maecen. c. 3.

He put out Variarum lectionum libri when he was scarce 19 years old, he calls it ingenii sui tyrocinium.

Some much commend his Politicks, others think he is much beholding to others for it. Cest Juste Lipse, qui n'a rien mis du sien dans ses Politics que des adverbes & des conj • nctions. Apology Pour M. De Balzak.

Thompson in his Vindex veritatis adversus Iustum Lipsium, saith thus of his Diva virgo Aspricollis. Hic tuus truncus non magis est Diva, non magis est Virgo, quam tu Iustus, etsi illi Divae & Virginis nomen dedisti, tibi Justi arrogasti. Habeat ergo uterque suum: sit illa truncus tu Iodocus.

What pity is it, that so high a wit should in the last act be subject to dotage. All the masculine brood of that brain we cherished, and (if need were) admired: but these his silly Virgins, the feeble issue of distempered age, who can abide? D ^r Hals Dec. Epist. 5.

When he lay a dying he prayed thus: ô mater Dei adsis famulo tuo cum tota aeternitate decertanti, nec me deseras in ista hora, à qua pendes aeternae animae meae salus. Miraeus. Drexellius. Melch. Ad. and he cried out, Domine Jesus, da mihi patientiam Christianam.

Henry Stevens hath written a Book De Lipsii Latinitate.

He reckons up there tres seculi nostri Ciceromastiges Angelus Politianus, Desiderius Erasmus and Lipsius. To Lipsius that is objected (saith he) Quod Ciceronis stylum non satis aptum. Scribendis Epistolis dixerit. Praeterea laudantur ab ipso Epistolae Politiani, qui primus inter Ciceromastiges collocatur. His accedit, quod Ciceronianistas (qui vulgo Ciceroniani vocantur) ac nominatim Petrum Bembum, alicubi insectatur.

Some entitle his Book de Constantia liber plant aureas, yet others say he was very inconstant himself.

Literae variae, Letters or Epistles.

Una quidem Epistola est, quae literarum nomine signatur sed ea vere multis constat literis. Voss. De Anal. l. 1. c. 38.

There are certain most godly, fruitful and comfortable Letters, of such true Saints and holy Martyrs of God, as in this Realm gave their lives for the defense of Christ's holy Gospel, written in the time of their affliction and cruel imprisonment.

Thomas Littleton, a grave and Learned Judge of the Court of Common-pleas, sometimes of the Inner Temple.

His Tenures is a Book of sound and exquisite Learning, comprehending much of the Marrow of the Common Law.

I affirm and will maintain it against all opposites whatsoe ••• , that Li • tletons Tenures, is a Work of as absolute perfection in his kind, and as free from error, as any Book that I have known to be written of any human Learning.

Edw. Lively, the Professor of Hebrew in Cambridge, and very skillful in that Language.

He hath written an Exposition on five of the small Prophets, and a little book of Chronology in English.

But there is a large Latin Chronology also of his, which Casaubone commends, as worthy to be published. This Book B. Usher hath, and he quotes it in his Book De Macedonum & Asianorum Anno Solari, c. 3. in Chronologiâ nondum editâ, vir doctissim •• Edovardus Liveleius.

Titus Livius.

Petrus Crinitus • . 7. De Honesta Disciplina c. 12. saith his History was divided by him into Books not Decades.

Neque partitiones decadum ab ipso Livio sunt, quod professorem Humanitatis ignorare non decebat, antiqui enim Grammatici non Decades, sed libros agnoscunt. Pignor. Symb. Epist. Ep. 44.

Benius criminatur Livianam phrasi • , facere operae precium, quod neque Ciceroni • sit, neque Terentiana: at num ideo minus Latina? affirmet cui cornea fibra est. Ego utique non affirmabo qui sciam, linguam Latinam debere uni Livio magnam copiam genuinae elocutionis quam apud Ciceronem & Terentium frustra quaerimus. Ut •• re vocaverit novitius Livii editor omnis latinitatis refertissimum. Id. ibid. Vide plura ibid.

CHAP. X.

A Loysius Lollinus, Episcopus Bellunensis.

There are his Episcopalium curarum characteres.

Peter Lombard, Anno Dom. 1140. the Father of the Schoolmen.

He was surnamed Master of the Sentences, because of the four books of Sentences composed by him, and collected out of the Fathers. He died in the year 1164. The Commentary which Thomas Aquinas made on Lombards Book of the Sentences was so well liked, that he was after Commented upon by fourscore Divines whose names and lift are to be found within the laborious Book of Gesners Bibliotheca.

Quamvis in eo opere Papatum confirmet pro virili multa tamen exciderunt, quae Pontificio errores oppugnant. Illyr. Catal. Test. Ver. l. 15.

Lombardus inter omnes Papistas optimus & doctissimus. Apol. Rog. Aschani pro Caena Domini.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Quid non Lombardo Parasina Academia debet;

Qui sanctae reserat limina prima Scholae?

Dionysius Longinus, a very great Master of Rhetoric.

He hath written a small Book 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , de grandi sive sublimi genere orationis.

Christ. Longomontanus, a great Mathematician.

He hath put out these Works,

Astronomia Danica.

Cyclometria vere & absolute in ipsa natura Circuli cum rectilineo inventa.

Christopher Longoly, born at Machlinia a famous Town in Germany, buried at Padua, a man excellently Learned, and a great Ciceronian, omnium Ciceronianissimus. Lud. Viv. de Caus. Corrupt. art. l 4. Longolius l. 4. Epist. Nic. Draconi commends Tully much.

He hath written three Orations, four Books of Epistles.

He died when he was scarce 34 years old.

Exilis est in sententiis, non luculentus in verbis, ut tamen de eo, si vitae contigisset usura diutur nior, been censeam sperandum fuisset. Sed ut nunc est, mea quidem sententia nullus est, quid enim affert exquisitum? quid singular, quid non vulgatum, non ex quotidiana consuetudine, usuque sumptum. Paul. Manut. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 4. Vide plura ibid.

Eum ut in sententiis exilem & in verbis minime luculentum aspernantur Itali homines, qui parem in hoc laudis genere nullum ferre possunt. Scaev. Samarth. Gallorum doctrina illust. Elog. Vide Boxhorn. Theat. Holland. p. 299.

Petrus Lorichius Abbas. He hath put out Poems.

Io. Lorinus, a French man. He was Professor of Divinity at Paris, Milan, Rome.

He hath written upon a great part of the Scripture.

Lucanus.

His life was written by Suetonius.

Lucanus ardens & concitatus, & sententiis clarissimus, & ut dicam quod sentio, magis oratoribus quam poetis annumerandus. Quintill. Instit. Orat. l. 10. c. 1.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Carmina mellistui non ambio docta Maronis;

Sunt sua Lucano, sunt sua Virgilio.

Lucian the Atheist, he doth promiscuously scoff at all Religion, he reproacheth Christ and Moses.

There are many of his Books and Dialogues extant, which were printed in Greek and Latin at Basel in Octavo, with learned Annotations.

He was torn to death by dogs.

Lucianus festivissimus & politissimus scriptor. Turneb. Advers. l. 18. c. 8.

Gaius Lucilius , Acerrimi poeta ingenii, miraeque eruditionis, at{que} urbanitatis Lucilius ex Arunca urbe. Polit. Praelect. In Persium. Vide plura ibid

Versus Lucillii ipsa raritate & paucitate suavitatem consequuntur, etsi enim versibus aliorum poetarum comparandi non sunt: tamen quadam illecebra & invitatione nos capiunt & deliniunt. Turneb. Advers. l. 27. c. 9.

Lucius .

The first Christian King of this Land.

He founded S ^t Peters Church in Cornwall, the ancientest Church in London.

Titus Lucretius the Poet.

Lucretius optimus Latinitatis actor. Voss. de Anal. l. 2. c. 24.

Ludovicus Romanus.

Raym. Lullus, a very Learned man. He lived about the year 1290.

Martin Luther.

Melancthon seeing his picture is said to have uttered this verse immediately,

Fulmina erant linguae singula verbatuae.

Natus es Islebii Divine Propheta Luthere;

Relligio fulget te Duce, Papa Iacet. Johannes Stolsius.

Lutherus Decimum confregit strage Leonem;

De clava noli quaerere, penna fuit. Major.

Both his skill in Divinity was profound, and his tongue was eloquent to utter it. No marvel if the Lord suffered him some way to take a blow of Sat • n, and in some respect to be foiled, that he might humble him, and teach us to trust in God and not in men. Travers his Answ. to a Popish Treatise written to the LL. of the Council.

He wrote in his house, Res & verba Philippus, Res sine verbis Lutherus, verba sin • re Erasmus.

He hath some lofty expressions, as I have noted elsewhere.

Domini sumus (saith he) non tantum in casu Genitivo sed Nominativ • , not only of the Lord, but Lord's.

His Book against Henry the 8 ^th and contra Swirmeros is too bitter.

Agant quicquid possunt Henrici, Episcopy, atque adeo Turca, & ipse Satan. Nos regni filii sumus, qui illum consputum & occisum denuo ab istis Henricis Salvatorem colimus & expectamus. Calv. Epist. & responsa, p. 28. Vide plura ibid.

He wrote many things in Latin and high Germane.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones according to the order of time when he wrote them.

Beza in his Epitaphs hath these verses upon Luther,

         Roma urbem domnit, Romam sibi Papa subegit,
        
         Viribus ill suis, fraudibus iste suis.
        
         Quanto isto major
         
          Lutherus,
         
         major & illa,
        
         Illum illamque uno qui domnit calemo?
        
         I nunc, Alcidem memorato Greece mendax,
        
         Lutheri ad calamum ferrea clava nihil.

Lycaphron Chalcidensis.

An ancient and very obscure Poet.

Poetarum, siquis alius, imo ultra quam alius quis, dictionis extraneae atqu • insolentis, qui legentibus crucem figat. Gatak. De Novi Instrumenti Styli Dissertat. cap. 41.

Thomas Lydiat, a Learned Mathematician.

There are divers Works of his published.

Solis & Lunae periodus.

De variis annorum formis.

De natura caeli, & conditione Elementorum.

Praelectio Astronomica.

De origin fontium.

Disquisitio Philologica.

Defensio tractatus de variis annorum formis, contra Ios. Scaligerum.

Emendatio temporum.

Nic. Lyranus . Anno Dom. 1320. 1334. faith Helvicus. Lyrator, or de Lyra.

Learned in Hebrew, Greek and Latin, and famous for his Notes upon the whole Scripture, according to the literal sense.

He was a Jew born, but after turned Christian, that he might more fitly attend the reading of the Scriptures, which he endeavored to explain by Annotations, he became a Franciscan Monk, as the opinion of those times swaied.

About the year 1322. he began to illustrate the Bible with Scholia, which work within seven years after he finished and published. He distinguisheth and separates the Apocryphal books (viz. Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Judith, Tobias, the books of the Maccabees ) from the Canonical. In that Work many things occur, which do not agree with the Popish superstitions, and do demonstrate that Lyra could have expressed many things more fitly, if he had been born in a better age. Illyr. Catal. Test. Verit.

The Papists have this saying of him,

Nisi Lyra lyrasset

Nemo nostrum saltasset.

CHAP. XI.

M

NIcolaus Machiavellus, a great Historian. He lived in the age of Philip Strozius, and Clement the 8 ^th Pope.

Although his Politicks be full of poison, yet since his history hath much hidden wisdom in it, some think the judicious and wary may read it with profit.

John. Macc • vius, a Learned Divine.

There is his Theologia Polemica, and another Work.

Macrobius. Some commend his Saturnals.

Qui dapibus partim emendicatis, partim suffuratis suas caenas instruxit. Polit. Miscel. Cent. 1. c. 22.

Georgius Macropedius, a learned Poet.

Gaius Cilnius Maecenas.

He was Counselor to Augustus the Emperor, and so great a favourer and countenancer of Learned men, that he hath conveyed his name to all the Patrons of Learning.

He favored Poets above others, and advanced them. He exceedingly loved and favored Virgil the Prince of Poets, & absque ipso fuisset, nos hodie & hujus & plurium aliorum monumentis careremus.

He also favored Horace.

         Otia dat nobis, sed qualia fecerat olim
        
         Maecenas Flacco Virgiloque suo.
        
          Mart.
         
         l. 1. Epigr. 108. ad Lucium Iulium.

Propertius also was his friend, and other Poets mentioned by Meibomius, c. 18. and there he adds this sentence, Ex tam propenso vero in literatos amore ac favore •• d praemii inter caetera retulit Maecenas, ut celebriores doctissimorum hominum lucubrationes ipsius virtuti consecrarentur.

Johannes Petrus Maffeius, a very eloquent Italian.

Hujus aevi Latinae linguae lumen, he in prose honored his Country at the same time that Torquatus Tassus did it in verse, being his Countries Tully, as the other was its Virgil.

There are Epistolae Selectae published of his cum vita Ignatii Loiolae.

Raphael Maffeus, a most learned man, as his writings sufficiently testify. His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Ferdinandus Magellanus.

He found out the straight of Magellane.

R. M. Mai • mon, or Rabbi Ben Maimon, Anno à Nativitate Christi 1131.

One famous among Jews, Christians, and Mohammedans.

He dwelt in Egypt, therefore Aegyptius dicitur.

He hath written a Book styled More Nevochim, Doctor Perplexorum, which because it seems too much to favor the Christians, the Jews generally conspired together, and thought to burn it, but it was so much dispersed through the whole world that they could not accomplish what they had intended. Drus. in Tetrag. N • t.

M ^r Selden in his 2 ^d part de Syned. saith he hath five several Editions of Maimonides, besides a Manuscript, and every edition hath somewhat that the other hath not.

The Aquinas of the Rabbins.

Inter Hebraeos celebratissimus, Merc. praefat. in lib. Job. Celeberrimus inter. Iudae • s Maimonides. Constant. L'Empereur praefat. ad Itin. Benjam.

Diligentissimus Rabinorum Mosche ben Maymon Schickardi Ius Regium Hebraeorum. c. 1.

Io. Major Scotus.

Johannes Major qui in studio Theology, magnum nomen, me puero habuit. Buchan. Rer. Scot. Hist. l. 7.

He hath written Historiam Majoris Britanniae, and on four Books of the Sentences.

         Cum scateat nugis solo cognomine
         
          Major,
         
         Nec sit in immenso pagina sana libro:
        
         Non mirum titulis quod se veracibus ornat:
        
         Nec semper mendax fingere Creta solet.
         
          Buchan.
         
         Epig. lib. 1.

This was much in Buchanan, Major being his Master.

M. Ant. Majoragius.

He hath written upon Aristotle's Rhetoric, upon some of Tullius Works, and Orations of his own.

Maldonado, a Spaniard and a Jesuit.

Whose skill in expounding Scriptures (save only where doting love unto their Church hath made him blind) none of theirs, few of our Church hath surpassed. D ^r Jackson upon the Apost. Creed, first Vol. l. 3. c. 13. The most judicious Expositor among the Jesuits. Id. ibid. c. 15.

Some think him very arrogant and bitter, Vide Scalig. Elench. Trihaeres. Serar. cap. 11.

Others say that he read Lectures in Paris by way of preface (before his Exposition of the Evangelists,) of the Scriptures, and said that there was more Divinity in one Chapter of S ^t Paul's Epistles, then in all Aquinas his Summes. Many Protestants frequented his Lectures, and he was suspected to be too favorable to them.

Ne ipsi quidem Calvinistae & Calvinistarum ministri ipsius praelectionibus abstinerent. Alegambe Biblioth. Script. Soc. Ies. Vide plura ibid.

Gulielmus Malmesbùriensis, a famous Historiographer of our own. Anno Dom. 1130.

Io. Manaraus, a famous Physician, who wrote 20 Books Epistolarum Medicinalium.

M. Manilius, sive Manlius.

He was a Poet at Rome in the time of Augustus the Emperor, to whom he dedicated his five Books of Astronomy, made in Hexameter verses.

Baptista Faustus Mantuanus, a Monk born at Mantua, as Virgil also was.

Poeta fuit doctus & pius. Bellarm. de Script. Eccles. He was a Learned and pious Poet.

Of that fame that he was made equal by some to the more ancient Poets even under Augustus: Amougst other verses of his wisely written also those are wont often to be used and rehearsed,

Ambitiosus honos, & opes, & foeda voluptas,

Haec tria pro trino numine mundus habet.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Mantua foelicem genuit foecunda Maronem;

Haec eadem faustis me tulit auspiciis.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

He often grievously accuseth the Church of Rome.

Th • uet Vies des hommes Illustres. l. 6. confesseth he was Satirical and discovered the abuses of Rome, and then saith he was a bastard, and gives many examples of famous men that were bastards.

Aldus Manutius Senior.

He collected and published two famous Volumes, one which Henry Stevens lately reprinted at Geneva. Another which in 2 Tomes gives 700 Epistles, 40 Volumes of Greek Authors, rare and yet full of Learning, Wisdom and Eloquence.

He first also published a Volume of Greek Grammers.

Paulus Manutius his son, homo & diligentissimus & doctissimus. Turneb. Advers. l. 8. c. 24.

Besides many other Learned Writings (as his Epistles) he also published ten Books of the Roman Antiquities.

Aldus Manutius minor, Vir quidem eruditus, & in Antiquorum monumentis indagandis accuratissimus. Ang. Roccha.

A • gelus Roccha in his Appendix Bibl. Vatican, De Bibliothecis, quae adhuc extant, mentions three Manutii, Aldus, and his son Paulus, and Paul's son Aldus.

Aldus senior publicae consuluit utilitati, dum impressoriam artem miro exercuit studio, ut Latinam linguam, & Graecam, quas optime callebat, in pristinum splendorem, Ioanne Baptista Alberto, Nicolao Peroto Episcopo Sipontino, Francisco Philelpho, Io. Iucundo, Theodoro Gaza, Trapezumtio, Lascare, Chrysolora, Musuro, Urbano, & Bessarione ad eandem rem praestandam inscribendo ad laborantibus, typis perpulchris restituere.

Paulus autem Aldi filius Paulus Aldi filius, alter Cicero in Latin scribendo, Romanam linguam collabentem in pristinum nitorem studuit revocare, dum Latinorum monumenta diligenter scrutatus est.

Aldus denique junior Aldi nepos, & Pauli filius, dum Avum, & Patrem, & typis, ac scriptis imitatur, utriusque linguae non ignarus, Avum & Patrem imitatione repraesentat.

Gualt. Mapes.

Archdeacon of Oxford, a man of an excellent wit, who in his verses points forth in lively colors the life of the Popes, and he describes also the exactions, rapines of the Court of Rome, the riot and pride of the Prelates, in a book of his entitled, Diversa Poemata, de corrupto Ecclesiae statu.

Samuel Maresius, a Learned French Divine, Professor of Groning.

His books are mentioned Vit. Profes. Groningae.

Ammianus Marcellinas. In the year of our Lord 361.

He writes a military and rough style, as himself confesseth.

He wrote 30 Books, beginning from the rule and dominion of Nerva, even to the death of Valens, in whose Court he flourished, but 13 of these are lost.

Scriptor suae aetatis fide & judicio probatissimus. Rivi • Justin. Defens. adversus Alemannum.

Io. Mariana, a Learned Jesuit.

He hath written Scholia upon the Old and New Testament.

Maximus Margunus. Cytherorum Episcopus.

Sir Henry S • vill in his notes on Chrysostom's Psalms calls him Graecorum Neotericorum longe doctissimum, and publisheth there an Epistle of his sent to David Haeschelius.

Psalterium B. Mariae, our Ladies Psalter.

Bonaventure the author thereof, to show himself a devout servant to his Lady, hath taken every Psalm of David's Psalter (which he peculiarly made and referred to Almighty God) and hath in divers of the said Psalms and verses put out the Name of the Lord, and placed in the name of our Lady: This being done through the whole Psalms, and everyone of them, it is now called our Ladies Psalter, used to be sung and said in the praise and service of our Lady.

Alsted in his Encyclopaed. l. 35. saith this book is falsely ascribed to Bonaventure, for he on Lombard saith, Cavendum est, ne dum matris excellentia ampliatur, filii gloria minuatur.

Marianus Scotus.

He hath put out Chronicorum lib. 3.

Augustine Marlorat, one of the Ministers of the Reformed Church at Roan in France.

A man excellently Learned, and of an unblameable life, who had the testimony even of the Papists themselves, that in his Sermons he never uttered ought that tended to sedition or rebellion.

He hath written upon Genesis, Esaey, and the Psalms, and an Ecclesiastical Exposition upon the New Testament, which last is generally well esteemed of, and D ^r Willet somewhere wisheth, that the like had been done by some on all the Old Testament. Enchiridion locorum Communium.

Philippus Marnixius, Anno Christi 1538. a Learned and famous Writer.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his life. His Alvearium Romanum, Romish Beehive (it is translated into English) and Table of the differences of Religion are very well liked.

Gruterus wrote these verses of him being dead,

         Orbis delities amorque Marnix,
        
         Quo digno poteris tegi sepulcro?
        
         Defunctis aliis satis sepul
         
          •
         
         ro est
        
         Pars terrae brevis: orbis ipse dignum
        
         Vix totus fuerit tibi sepulcrum
        
         Orbis delities, amorque Marnix.

Cl • m. Marot, a French Poet.

Poëte de Princes & Prince de Poëtes de son aage. Antoin Verd. Biblioth.

In the Vulgar tongue he surmounted far all Poets that either were before his days, or that lived also in his time. He turned 50 of David's Psalms into French Meeter, which are read with admiration of his excellent wit. He set them forth at Geneva, for he might not safely longer abide in France for suspicion of Lutheranism. See Pasquiers Recherches de la France, l. 7. c. 5.

Marguerite Queen of Navarre, Sister to Francis the first.

There are her Memoires. In the Epistle to the Reader are these words, Que Rome vante taunt qu' il luy plaira les Commentaires de son premier Empereur, La France a maintenant les memoires d' une grande Roine qui ne leur cedent en rien.

Her Poetical Works are joined together.

Marsilius de Sancta Sophia.

He was the son of Nicolas Sancta Sophia.

He wrote many things most worthy to be known, of healing sicknesses.

His Opera varia are in Oxford Catalogue.

M. Val • rius Martialis, a witty Poet but too obscene.

Scriverius hath many Elogies of him in his Comment.

Matthias Martinius, Professor of Divinity and Rector of Brema.

Some much prize Theologos Bremenses & Salmurienses.

His Lexicon Philologicum is very well esteemed of.

Petrus Martinius.

He hath put out an Hebrew and Chaldee Grammar, which is englished by John Udall with Observations upon it.

Peter Martyr, a Learned Italian.

He was born at Florence the most flourishing City not only of Hetruria, but of all Italy.

Of whom I cannot speak without great reverence, B. Jewels Def. of his Apol.

At Padua he first obtained a full knowledge of the Greek tongue, and of Philosophy, afterward at Bon • nia he diligently studied the Hebrew tongue and Divinity. He was at first a Monk, and was counted the chief of his order; but when he more seriously punished their loose lives, he got thereby much envy.

He hath written Common-places, a large Book in defense of Bishop Cranmer against Gardener of the Eucharist: and excellently expounded divers books of Scripture, Genesis, Judges, Kings, Samuel, the Epistle to the Romans, the first Epistle to the Corinthians, and hath published other Treatises.

He was Canon of Christ-Church in Oxford, as is said in his life, and as he himself affirms in his Epistles.

Andreas Masius, a great Linguist.

He hath written Learnedly on Joshua, and assisted Arias Montanus in the edition of the King of Spain's Bible, and first of all illustrated the Syriac Idiome with Grammatical Precepts and a Lexicon. There was a great familiarity between him and Laevinus Torrentius and Augerius Busbequius, and at Rome he was intimate with Antonius Augustinus, and other Learned men.

He saith in his Preface to his Grammar of the Syriac tongue, that Moses Mardenus was his Master, Ipsum Romae privatim interdum audiebam doctorom.

Masorites.

They observed not only how many words, but also how many syllables all the Books of Scripture contained.

Christianus Massaeus.

He hath written Chronicorum l. 20.

Papyrius Massonius.

Such a Writer of the French Chronicle as Camden of the English.

Papyrii Massoni Annalium libri quatuor. Quibus res gestae Francor •• explicantur.

Antonius Matthaeus, a Learned Lawyer.

His father was Conradus Matthaeus Professor at the University of Marpurg. He had three brothers famous for Learning, and four sons Professors in four Universities.

Vide vitas Profes. Groningae, There his Works are mentioned.

Petrus Matthaeus , a famous Historian.

Pierre Matthieu in French.

He hath written opus Historicum politicum, and divers historical things in French.

Petrus Andreas Matthiolus, a great Herbalist.

He hath written Learned Commentaries on Dioscorides his six Books de medic • materia.

Maximilian the Emperor was learned himself, he imitating the example of Julius Caesar; did write in Latin his own Acts and Feats done, and that very exactly. He was also a singular Patron and advancer of Learned Students, as may well appear by the erecting and setting up of the University of Wittenburg.

Barthol▪ Mayerus▪ a very Learned man, as his Philologia Sacra shows.

CHAP. XII.

JOseph Mede, a Learned Divine of our own.

There is his

Clavis Apocalyptica, and many English Works.

De Medicis.

The House de Medicis in Florence hath been and still is a great favourer of Learning and Learned men. See Les▪ Vies Des Hommes Illustres du nom de Medicis by Le Brillant.

They give three Pills still for their Arms.

Cosmi de Medicis, was a lover and preferrer of Learned men, for he brought unto Florence Argyropylus a Grecian born, and in that time of singular Learning, that the youth of Florence might be by him instructed in the Greek tongue, and other good Learning. He entertained in his house Marsilius Ficinus, a second Father of the Philosophy of Plato, and entirely loved him. Machiav. Hist. of Florence. l. 7.

His Sepulcher in the Church of Laurence in Florence; is of Marble, with this inscription,

Decreto Publico Pater Patriae.

Vide Leand. Alb▪ Descript. Ital. in Thuscia.

Laurentius de Medicis his grandchild was a lover of Learning. Papyrius Massonus hath written his life well. He greatly esteemed men that excelled in any Art. He marvelously delighted in Music, Architecture and Poetry, as many of his own verses and Commentaries yet extant do testify. He erected an University in Pisa, whither he brought the most excellent men of all Italy.

Laurentius Medicis maxima hac tempestate studiorum patronus: qui missis per universum terrarum orbem nunciis in omni disciplinarum genere libros summa ope conquirit. Polit. Epist. l. 2. Epist. 6. Vide etiam l. 3. Epist. 6. & l. 4. Ep. 2. & l. 8, Epist. 1. & l. 11. Epist. 25.

Pope Leo the tenth was his Great Grandchild.

Petrus Medices.

Non minus jam sua: quam familiae gloria: scilicet in quo patris ingenium: patrui virtus: patrui magni humanitas: avi probitas: proavi prudentia: pietas abavi reviviscit: omnium vero majorum suorum liberalitas: omniumque animus.

Petrus Medices Laurentii filius, vir & Graecis & Latinis litteris, optime, quod omnes f • te • mini, peritus. Nam hoc & scripta ejus indicant, & quaedam ex Plutarcho, de Amore conjugali, quae vidimus, traducta ab eo locupletissime testantur. Pier. Valer. De Litteratorum infelicitate l. 2. Vide plura ibid.

Io. de Medina.

There were three famous Medina's: John, Michael, Bartholomew.

Io. de Medina hath written

De Paenitentia, restitutione, & contractibus.

Michael Medina.

He hath written

De Sacrorum hominum continentia.

De recta in Deum fide.

Barth. à Medina hath written

In primam Secundae. In tertiam D. Thom • usque ad quaestionem sextam.

Johannes Henricus Meibomius.

He hath published

Commentarium in Ius jurandum Hippocratis.

Maecenatis vitam.

Marcus Meibomius.

He hath • ut out Greek Authors of the Ancient Music in two Volumes with Notes.

Balthasar Meisnerus , Learned but haughty.

Adolphus Mekerckus, vulgo Meetkercke, a Learned searcher of Antiquities.

He wrote

De veteri & recta pronunciatione lingu • Graecae.

Pomponius Mela , a Learned ancient Geographer.

Philip Melancthon. He was a great Mathematician.

Fuit Philippus vir certe magnus (ut totus novit orbis Christia • us) singulari pietate, summa eruditione, non vulgari judicio. Cui omnes Scholae & Ecclesiae, omnesque literati debent plurimum. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Pezelio.

He was excellently learned, not only in Divinity, but also in the Tongues and Sciences, and generally in all good Learning. For what Art or Science was not polished with his Learned hand? He fyled the Tongue with his Precepts of Rhetoric. He made reason more reasonable by his skillful rules of Logic. He lift up our heads to behold the stars, and taught us to look back into the times that are past. Travers Answ. to a Popish Treatise.

David Chytraeus Adhortat. Ad Orat. Melancth. saith, Plus Rerum & doctrine • ac sapientiae salutaris, in una Philippi orationum pagina inesse, quàm in Ciceronianis aut Demosthenicis aliquot, utcunque verborum splendore, copia & collocatione concinna praestent.

There is a Book (they say, but I cannot meet with it) styled Crisis Melanctoniana, or Iudicium de legendis Authoribus, his judgment of Authors collected out of his Works.

Melancthon thus wrote down before his death, the motives of his willingness to leave this world,

A Sinistris.	A Dextris.
Discedes à Peccatis:	Venias in Lucem:
Liberaberis ab • rumnis & à Rabie Theologorum.	Videbis Deum:
	Intuebiris filium Dei:
	Disces illa mira arcan • quae in hac vita intelligere non potuisti:
	Cur sic simus conditi:
	Qualis sit copulatio duarum naturarum in Christo.

Fearfulnesse was a stain in all his excellencies.

Dominus eum fortiore spiritu instruat, ne gravem ex ejus timiditate jacturam sentiat posteritas. Calvinus Joanni Sleidano.

Philippus timidus est, ita ut saepenumero agat, quae non probet. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. Bullingero.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these Verses of Melancthon,

Doctrina volito clarus super aethera quamvis

Cognomen dederit terra nigella mihi.

Andrew Melvin.

A learned Scotchman, an excellent Poet.

Some of his Poems are printed,

He was committed for writing Verses against the Altar in White-Hall, and the Lady Arabella was committed for being contracted to the Earl of Hartford▪ thereby having a greater Title to the Crown, and so in likelihood of causing Commotions.

He made these Verses of the Lady Arabella,

Causa mihi tecum communis Carceris ara

Bella tibi causa est Carceris, ara mihi.

Dr. Barlow Bishop of Lincoln made these Verses of him,

Cor • ib▪ felle nigrum est & aceto lingua redundat,

Ex melle & vino quam male nomen habes.

Menander an ancient Poet.

Manasseh Ben Israel, a learned Jew living at Amsterdam.

He hath put out a Book in Latin, entitled Conciliator, in which he endeavors to reconcile out of the Writings of the Rabbins Loca Pentateuchi 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 .

Jacobus Menochius. A learned Lawyer of great fame.

His Works are in nine Volumes in Oxford.

Stephanus Menochius.

He hath written a brief and literal Explication of all the Scripture, collected out of the best Authors, and also a learned Treatise De Republica Hebraeorum.

Paulus Milissus Schedius a learned Poet.

He hath put out

Schediasmata Poetica.

Epigrammata in urbes Italia.

Gerard Mercator, a most famous Mathematician and Cosmographer, and the Ptolemy of our age, he was born at Rapelmonda in Flanders.

Io. Mercerus, a learned Protestant. A man singularly versed in the Hebrew Tongue, and Hebrew Writers.

He succeeded Vatablus in the profession of the Hebrew Tongue at Paris.

He escaped (as I have heard) at the great Massacre at Paris, being thrown into the River, and lived after, and put forth his learned Commentary on Genesis.

Ioann • s Mercerus, vir totius humanioris literaturae intelligentissimus, Regius Hebraeae linguae Professor, eruditione solertiae, diligentiáque praestantissimui. Franc. • un. Orat. Funeb. in obitum Lucae Trelcatii. Vide Ludovic. Elsevir Praefat. ad Lectorem ante Comment. Mercer. in lib Job.

Josiah Mercer , a Frenchman, and Son to John Mercer, as Thuanus and others say.

He hath written learnedly upon Tacitus.

Josiah Mercerus praestantissimi ingenii vir, nec doctrina tantùm & eruditione, sed & singulari rerum agendarum solertia clarus, Salmasii socer, notis suis ad Novium Grammaticum. Herald. Animadversion. In Salmas. Observat. Ad Ius Att. & Rom. lib. 4. cep. 1.

Hier. Mercurialus, a learned Physician of Padua.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Mercurius Trismegistus.

A noble and excellent Mathematician, called by the Egyptians Trismegistus, because he was a most excellent Philosopher, a sovereign Priest, and a most virtuous King.

His Works are in one Volume.

Marinus Mersennus.

Leo Allatius in his Apes Urbanae speaks honourably of him, and M ^r Selden often mentions him with respect.

His Life is lately written in French by a French man, where his several Works are mentioned.

Quaestiones celeberrimae in Genesin cum accurata textus explicatione.

La verite des sciences.

L' Harmonie vniverselle, contenant la Theorie & la Pratique de lae Musique, with many others.

Merlinus.

He is commonly called Merlin the Prophet, though some question whether there were such a one.

There is in Oxford Catalogue under him.

Expositio de arcano lapidis, and in the Appendix Ses propheties & histoires.

Peter Merlin a godly and learned French Divine, who was Beza's Scholar, and miraculously preserved, when there was a great Mas • acre of the Protestants at Paris on Bartholomew -day.

He hath put out an Exposition upon Job and Esther.

Georgius Merula.

There are in Politians sixth Book of Epistles, the second, and the third, and the eighth against him, and in his eleventh Book of Epistles, Epist. first and second against him, to which Merula answers Epist. 5 ^th and 7 ^th , and Politian replies Ep. 6 ^th and 10 ^th .

Paulus Merula.

After many voyages he was made Professor of History in his own Country in Holland.

He hath three Books of General Cosmography, and four Books of particular Geography.

D. Methodius a Christian Poet, and Martyr.

Io. Meursius, a most learned man, Quo vix alius literis minori tractabat ambitione. Vossius De vitiis Sermons l. 2. c. 2.

Vir meritorum in Remp. litterariam clarissimorum. Dilh. Disputat. Acad.

Minutius Felix Octavius, Anno Dom 230.

He was a famous pleader of Causes at Rome, contemporary to Tertullian.

Io. Picus Mirandula.

He was skilled in the Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Chaldee and Arabic Tongues.

Johannes Picus Earl of Mirandula. That Phoenix of Learning (as appears in the entrance of his Apology) proposed openly at Rome nine hundred Questions in all kind of faculties to be disputed, inviting all strangers thither, from any part of the known world, and offering himself to bear the charge of the travel, both coming and going, and during their abode there.

His Epitaph composed by Tibaldeus runs thus,

Johannes jacet hic Mirandula, caetera norunt

Et Tagus, & Ganges, forsan & Antipodes.

D ^r Hackw. Apol. l. 3. c. 6. Sect. 2.

Vir saneprae omnibus quae sint: quique fuerint admirandus. Polit. Epist. lib. 7. Epist. 5. Bac • ius Ug • linus Roberto Salviato.

Qui tam multis unus bonis abundat, ut unus omnium laudes exhauriat. Polit. Ugolino Ep. 6. ibid.

Gratulatus sum huic saeculo virum tanta doctrina: ut nihil fere: tanta cura: ut nihil omnino s • ire videatur. Video te poetam egregium: oratorem eminentissimum. Animadverto te Philosophum prius Aristotelicum: nunc etiam Platonicum esse factum. Videris literas Graecas quae in te solae desiderari poterant: & sine quibus nihil eras futurus non didicisse mod • : sed hau • isse. Polit. Epist. lib. 9. Ep. 3. Manil.

De isto prae cunctis admirando: non Pico jam sed (ut ipse appellare soleo) phoenice potius: qui nunc in tua lauru indificat. Polit. Praefat. ad Miscel. Ad Laur. med. Vide • tiam Miscel. Cent. 1. ad finem.

Johan. Franc. Picus Mirandula his Nephew was also most learned in Greek and Latin.

Extant ejus sacra po • mata suis quoque Commentaries illustrata, ne legentibus minus clara viderentur: & libri de veritate fidei Christianae, in quibus disciplinarum omnium aceruus eminet. Paul. Jov. Elog. Doctorum virorum. Both their Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Aubertus Miraeus, very skillful in Ecclesiastical History.

CHAP. XIII.

LEo Modena a Learned Jew now living.

He hath many things (in his Italian History, of the Rites, Customs and manner of Life, of the present Jews, throughout the world) of the Jewish matters, which are not in others.

It is translated into English by M ^r Chilmead of Christ-Church in Oxford, but I have heard that Master Selden had a Manuscript of Modenas, which had much more in it then there is in that in English.

Michoel Moestlinus.

These of his Works are published,

Alterum examen Grego • iani Calendarii.

De dimensionibus orbium juxta Tabulas Prutenicas, ex sent. Nic. Copernici.

Epitome Astronomiae.

Johannes Molanus.

He hath written divers Works mentioned by Anton. Sanderus. De Scriptoribus Flandriae. l. 2.

Carolus Molinaeus, a Learned Lawyer, and a Protestant.

His Life is written by Papirius Massonus.

Petrus Molinaeus.

Peter du Moulin, a Learned and pious French Divine, yet living.

Ido admire him upon the Eucharist, and on Purgatory, he hath my heart when I read his Consolations to his Brethren of the Church of France, as also in treating of the love of God. I would willingly learn French to understand him only, and have a long time desired, and still do to get anything that he hath written. D. Twisse.

Dominicus Molinus.

Cujus benevolentia erga probos omnes & doctos viros (quotquot Sol • spicit & Solum sustinet) Patrio non clauditur Agro, sed late conspicua pervagatur. Pignor. Symbol. Epist. Ep. 43.

Henricus Mollerus.

He hath written well on Isaiah, on the Psalms, Hosea and Malachi.

Richard Montague, a very expert Grecian, and a great Antiquary, but an Arminian.

There are his

Analecta Ecclesiasticarum exercitationum.

Antidiatribae ad priorem partem diatribarum Jul. Caes. Bulengeri, adversus exercitationes Is. Casaub.

Apparatus ad Origines Ecclesiast.

Diatri • e upon the first part of Mr. Seldens History of Tithes, and other Works.

Arias Montanus, a great Linguist.

He was skilled in ten Languages.

De me, ac de meo labor & industria (quant • lacunque ea est) nihil profi • eor. Hoc tamen unum recensebo: me scilicet, continuo immortales Deo gratias agere, quod deceiu idiomatum cognitionem mihi pro sua clementia & benignitate imperitus sit. Arias Mont. Pr • f • i • Sac. Bib. Quadril. Reg. Edit.

A man that for his sincere dealing about the Kings Bible procured unto himself much hatred and ill will. Insomuch, that he was constrained to write an Apology of set-purpose, for to prove his integrity, wherein is contained a full satisfaction to all his Adversaries Objections, and the whole History of his troubles, the beginning, success and progress of that costly Work, written in the Spanish Tongue, never yet printed. The Copy was found at the surprise of Cales. D I am. his Def. of Bellum Papale.

Vir toto orbe celeberrimus qui Bibliis Regiis Antwerpiae praefuit. Gomarus.

Michael Montanus Michel De Montaign.

His elegant Books of Miscellanies written in French, and modestly styled Essays, full of various Learning, and in which he freely discovers his own spirit, show his love to the Muses.

He hath by that Book gotten a great opinion of his Learning and wisdom, and Rome hath chosen and adopted him for one of her Citizens. Vide Scaev. Samarth. Gallorum Elog. & Bibliotheque D' Antoine Du Verdier.

Ant. Montecatinus, an exquisite Aristotelian.

He hath written on Aristotle's Politicks, and on some part of his Physicks.

On Plato 's Book De Rep. & Legibus.

Olympia Fulvia Morata, a learned and pious woman.

Audivimus eam in aula ita latin declamantem, Greece loquentem, Ciceronis paradoxa explicantem, ad quaestiones respondentem, ut cum veterum puellorum quavis, qua quidem ingenii la • de excelluerit, conferri posse videatur. Est literis & disciplini • tum Graecis, tum Latinis, suprà quam quis credere possit, exculta, & scientia Religions illustrata. Caelii S. Cur. Epist. l. 1. Xy • to Betuleio. Vide plura ibid.

There are Orations, Dialogues, Epistles, Verses both Greek and Latin of hers, with the Testimonies of the Learned concerning her, and their Elogies.

There is an Epistle in the second book of her Epistles written by her husband Andreas Grunthler Doctor of Physic of her pious Death to C • liu • Secundus Curio.

Sir Thomas More, sometimes L. Chancellor of England.

He was esteemed a man both witty and learned, but he was a bitter persecutor of good men, and a wretched enemy against the truth of the Gospel, as by his Book may appear, wherein he writeth most slanderously and contumeliously against Luther, Zwingli, Tindal, Frith, Barns, Bayfield, Bainham. He stood willfully in the Popes quarrel against his own Prince, though the Papists reckon him and Fisher among the number of their Martyrs. Foxes Act. and Monum. vol. 2. p. 353. And my L. Herbert of Henry the 8 ^th out of Fox.

He was so given to jesting and scoffing, that he continued it unto his death.

One of the Officers at the Tower demanding his upper garment for his Fee, meaning his Gown, he answered, that he should have it, and gave him his Cap, saying, it was the uppermost garment he had.

Coming to the Tower-gate, a poor woman called unto him, and besought him to declare, that he had certain evidences of hers, in the time that he was in Office (which after he was apprehended he could not come by) and that he would entreat that she might have them again, or else she was undone. He answered, Good woman have patience a little while, for the King is so good to me, that even within this half hour he will discharge me of all businesses, and help thee himself.

Also when he went up the stair of the Scaffold, he desired one of the Sheriffs Officers to give him his hand to help him up, he said, When I come down again, let me shift for myself so well as I can. Also the hang-man kneeled down to him, asking him forgiveness of his death, as the manner is. To whom he answered, I forgive thee; but I promise thee that thou shalt never have honor of the striking off my head, my neck is so short. Also, even when he should lay down his neck on the block, he having a great gray beard, stroked out his beard, and said to the hang-man, I pray you let me lay my beard over the block, lea • t you should cut it; others relate it thus, that he said, it never committed treason; thus with a mo • k he ended his life.

His English Works are mentioned by Maunsel in his Catalogue.

John Morinus, a Learned Papist.

There are his

Exercitationes Biblica de Hebraeo Graecoque Text • . Exercit. Ecclesiasticae.

Phil. Mornay, Lord of Plessis.

His Work concerning the truth of Christian Religion, was written in French against Atheists, Epicures, Paynims, Jews, Mahumetists, and other Infidels, began to be translated by Sir Phil. Sidney, and at his request finished by Arthur Golding.

His other Works translated into English are mentioned by Ma •• sel.

Thom. Morton, Bishop.

He hath written learnedly against the Papists, confuting them from their own Authors. There is his Apologia Catholica, Causa Regia, Catholic Appeal, & other Works.

Thomas Morton.

He hath written a learned Commentary in Latin upon the first Epistle of P • ul to the Corinthians.

And some English Tracts.

Simeon Muis, an excellent Hebrician.

He hath written well on all the Psalms, and also learnedly asserted the Hebrew truth against Morinus.

Sebastian Munster a Germane, a learned Hebrician and Mathematician. He was born Anno 1489.

Marcus Antonius Muretus, a very eloquent and diligent Writer.

What Latin Author hath he passed by, either Historian, Orator or Poet, which he hath not explained, amended and restored to his purity, either with his Commentaries Scholia, or Notes? Terence, Petronius, Tibu •• us, Catullus, Properti • s, Tully, Seneca, Salust, Tacitus; and how learned he was, his book of divers readings showeth.

His excellent Orations show his great eloquence. Quis humilia subtilius, ampla sublimius, mediocria temperatius, potuit dicere? quibus virtutibus, perfecti oratoris laus continetur. Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca. Vide plura ibid.

Gesner mentions his Latin works, and Antoine Du Verdier his French.

Musaeus.

He wrote the loves of Leander and Herûs, he lived (saith Vossius, De Poetis Gr • cis c. 9.) sub Augustis, & quidem post quartum seculum.

Wolfangus Musculus, a judicious and solid Divine Anno 1497.

He hath written Commentaries

In Genes.

In Psalmos. Fol.

In Isaiam. Fol.

In Matthaeum. Fol.

In Iohannem. Fol.

In Ep. ad Rom. & Corinth.

In Epist. ad Gal. & Ephes.

In Ep. ad Phil. Colos. Thess. & ad Tim.

And Loci Communes Theologi.

Ioachimus Mynsingerus, Anno Christ. 1514.

His Commentary upon Iustinians Institutions is well liked.

He hath written other Works mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

The End of the fourth Book.

THE FIFTH BOOK Of such as were Famous for ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION, Or in any Kind of Learning.

CHAP. I.

N

C N. Naevius, A famous ancient Poet.

Naevius in manibus non est: & mentibus haeret

Poene recens: adeo sanctum est vetus omne Poema.

Horat. l. 2. Ep. 1.

Petrus Nannius a general Scholar, thought worthy to succeed Conradus Goclenius in Collegio trilingui at Lovain.

He died there Anno 1557. he hath written much.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Francise • s Nansius. Vossius in his Book De Constructione c. 62. calls him Doctissimum praeceptorem suum, and quotes his Notes on Nonnus.

John Napier a Scot. L. of Marcheston younger.

He was the inventer of the Logarithmes.

He hath written well upon the Revelation.

Natalis Comes, Venetus, a most learned Writer.

He composed thirty Books of History in a learned and grave style, and wrote ten Books of Mythology, a learned and laborious Work, in which he demonstrates, that almost all the opinions of Natural Philosophy was contained under the fables of the Ancients.

R. Mordecai Nathan.

Inscriptis Talmudicis versatissimus L'Empereur Talmud. Babyl. Cod. mid. cap. 4. Sect. 1.

There is

His Hebrew Concordance of the Bible.

Gabriel Naudaeus, a learned Frenchman.

He wrote Advis pour dresser une Bibliotheque: De Studio Liberali Syntagma.

Johannes Nauclerus, nobilis Suevus▪ fuit filius Ioannis Vergae, vulgo Vergenhaus, quod nantam notat; unde Nauclerus▪ Graeca appellatione vocatus. Voss. De Hist. Lat. l. 3. p. 581.

Johannes Reuclinus was his Scholar.

Andreas Navagerius.

A most complete Poet, Orator and Historian.

He hath written a History De rebus Venetis.

Two most elaborate Orations, and divers Poems.

Annotations upon all Ovid's works.

Gregory Nazianzen, Anno Dom. 370. 361. Helv. Chron.

He was famous for his piety and learning, zeal and patience.

He was Jerome's Master.

It is generally received that he was Bishop of Nazianzum, by Jerome himself in Catal. Bellarm. De Script. Eccles. Camerarius. Yet by Gregorius who wrote Nazianzens Life, and indeed by Nazianzen himself in his Epistles, it appears that he was there an assistant to his Father being old and weak, and thereupon it is commonly thought that he himself enjoyed the place.

That Gregory which bears the name of the place where his Father was Bishop, though he never enjoyed the Bishopric itself. M ^r Gatak. 2 ^d Answ. to Lily.

Constantinopolitanam sedem ab Arianis Episcopis purgavit. Geneb. Chronol. lib. 3.

Aelius Antonius Nebrissensis.

There is a Dictionary of his.

Nicander.

A Physician and most excellent Poet.

There are his

Theriaca.

Alexipharmaca.

Poemata Gr. & Lat.

Nicephorus Callistus.

He hath written an Ecclesiastical History in two Tomes, consisting of eighteen Books.

Nicephorus Gregoras, Anno Dom. 1340.

There are these Works of his,

Hist. Gr. & Lat.

Hist. Byzantinae.

Nice • es Cho •• ates, Anno Dom. 1210.

There are these Works of his,

De ordine qui observatur cum quis à Saracenismo ad Christianam fidem venit.

Thesauri orthodoxae fidei.

Contra Iudaeos cum notis.

Nicolaus quintus, Papa.

He was a great favourer and Patron of Learning and learned men, therefore many great Scholars flocked to him, as Georgius Trapezuntins, Georgius Valla, Demetrius Graecus, Nicolaus Perottus, and others, by whose help many Authors were brought out of darkness and illustrated, and turned out of Greek into Latin.

He encouraged learned men also by rewards to the study of Learning, they easily obtaining the chiefest places of honor: Of whom that might well be verified,

Sint Maecenates, non deerunt Flacce Marones.

When it was told him that there was some at Rome, which would make good Verses, he denied that they were good. Cum enim (inquit) ad me non veniunt, qui Poetis etiam malis patco. Moleste tulit homo sapiens in urbe sua esse qui literas s • irent & nescirentur. Polit. Epist. l. 12. Epist. 119.

His holiness is reported to be such, that he never sold to any one the Magistrates place for money.

Singulos Homeri libros ducentis aureis; latinis versibus reddendos curavit. Waynfleti 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 .

Io. Nider.

He hath written Consolatorium Conscientia timoratae, A Consolation of an affrightted Conscience.

Doctor Hall and Doctor Twisse mention this Book sometimes, at least the later.

He acknowledgeth there, that every child of God hath the direction of the Spirit to lead him into all truth necessary to salvation.

He hath also written,

De Reformat. Religiosorum.

Decaelogi Explicatio.

And other Works.

Theod. à Niem.

He was Secretary to three Popes. He lived at Rome under Urban the sixth, Boniface the ninth, Innocent the seventh, Gregory the twelfth.

Vixit in a • la quinque Paparum, intimus eorum Scriba & tandem Episcopus Verdensis factus. Gerh. Confess. Cathol. l. 2. Spec. Artic. 3. c. 4.

He hath written,

De Schismate in Ecclesia.

De potestate Imperiali & Papali.

P. Placidus Nigidius.

He hath put out,

Mariale, seu de devotione erga Virginem Dominam 4. opuscula.

In Cantica Canticorum Expositio duplex.

Io▪ Nirembergius, an eloquent Author.

De art voluntatis 8 • .

De origin Sarae Scripturae. Fol.

Stromata Sacra. Fol.

Spiritualium Institutionum Pandectae. Fol.

Marius Nizolius.

He hath put out Thesaurus Ciceronianus.

Flaminius Nobilius.

He hath put out several Works,

De hominis foelicitate.

De vera & falsa voluptate.

De honor.

Quaestiones Logicae vari • .

Andreas Nolthius, A great Mathematician.

Nonnus Pampolit. There are his

Dionysiaca Lat. & Gr.

Metaphrasis Evang. Johannes Greece.

Alexander Nowel Dean of Paul's.

A learned and pious Divine, and Uncle to the famous Whitaker.

There is his reproof of a Book entitled, A Proof of certain Articles in Religion, denied by M ^r Jewel, set forth by Thomas Dorman Bachelor of Divinity.

Reproof of M ^r Dormans proof continued, with a Defense of the chief Authority of Princes, as well in Causes Ecclesiastical as Civil, within their Dominions, by Dorman maliciously impugned.

Confutation as well of M ^r Dormans last Book, entitled, A Disproof, &c. as also of D ^r Sanders Causes of Transubstatiation.

His larger and lesser Catechism written by him in Latin.

Gregory Nyssene, he flourished Anno Dom. 380. in the reign of Gratia • , Valentinian and Theodosius.

Basil was his brother, he was contemporary to Epiphanius and Jerome.

CHAP. II.

•

BErnhardinus Ochinus.

Of Sene, being had in great estimation among the Italians for his eloquence and virtue, forsaking the monastical kind of life, gave himself to the Doctrine of the Gospel. And coming first to Geneva, and after to Auspurge, set forth certain Sermons in print. Sleid▪ Comment. l. 19. p. 298.

He was a Socinian. Vide Boxhorn. Hist. univers. p. 74, 75.

An Heretic, See Beza's Epist. 1.

Ch. Oclandus, a famous English Poet.

He hath written Anglorum praelia.

Guliel. de Ockam. A learned Englishman.

The Scholar of John Scotus, a famous Divine.

Once a worthy Fellow of Merton College in Oxford. He was surnamed Doctor invincibilis in argumento qui excessit modum ingenii humani. Scalig.

He flourished in the time of the Emperor Lewis the fourth, about the year of our Lord 1320.

Odo Abbot of Clun is commended for his knowledge in divine and human learning.

Io. Oecolampadius.

He made good the splendor of his own name, when dying of the plague, he could lay his hand upon his breast, and say, Hic abunde lucis est.

There was a great league of friendship between him and Zwingli, so that the tidings of Zwingli his death (as Sleidan, and Thuanus report) was a means to hasten his.

Oecumenius.

He hath collected short and perspicuous Expositions out of divers Commentaries of the Fathers, upon the Acts of the Apostles, the seven Canonical Epistles, all Paul's Epistles.

Ogilvy a Scotch Poet.

His Translation of Virgil, and of the Fables of Aesop in very excellent English verses, is commended.

Caspar Olevian.

Legeram antea quae in Epistolam ad Galatas scripseras, & nunc quaedam quae ad Romanos, placet brevitas, analysis, perspicuitas, fidelis explicatio, atque etiam aculei: Credo laborem istum tuum, non futurum Ecclesiae inutilem. Zanch. l. 2. Epist. Casp. Oleviano.

Onkelos .

He made the Chaldee Metaphrase of the Pentateuch.

Onuphrius Panvinius; Romae instaurator, & pater Historiarum. Scriv. Animad. verse. in l. 8. Mart.

A great Humanist, who wrote the lives of the Popes. Boxhornius (in his general History from Christ's time) calls him Diligentissimum Onuphrium, Manutius helluonem antiquitatis, Scaliger patrem historiae, Lipsius principalis Historiae & Fastorum rerum patrem.

Johannes Oporinus, Professor of the Greek and Latin Tongue, and Printer at Basel.

He was born Anno 1508.

A religious and sincere man, very liberal to all Scholars, and very respective to his Father.

His Works are mentioned by Melch. Ad. in his Life.

Oppian a famous Greek Poet.

He received for every verse a piece of gold of the Emperor Antoninus.

Optatus, in the year of our Lord 370.

That learned Bishop of Milleuita.

There are his Works together, among which one is De Schismate Donatistarum.

Origen. He was Scholar to Clemens Alexandrinus.

His errors were so great and heinous, that thence the Sect of Origenists is called.

If any man desire to see a Catalogue of Origen's errors, he may have recourse to the learned Epistle of S ^t Jerome, Ad Avitum.

Vincentius Lyrinensis adversus Heresies. c. 23. writes, Errorem Origenis propter ejus tum doctrinam tum zelum magnam in Dei Ecclesia fuisse tentationem. Vide August. de Haeres. p. 199, 200. & Bezae Praefat. ad Annot. in N. T.

He lived in the year of our Lord 230. 193. saith Helvicus. 203. Calvisius.

He was almost wholly of the third Age. Hic amore castitatis se castravit: Novum & vetus Testamentum memoriter novit: I am senex Hebraicam didicit linguam. Wolfii Lect. memor. Centen. 3.

He wrote exceeding much, yet there remaineth now little in comparison of that he wrote, and that so corrupted, that it nothing answereth the famous report of Learning which he had in the Church in his time. All his Works now extant revised by Erasmus, were printed at Basil by Frobenius, 1536.

He was in his Age a mirror of gravity, integrity, constancy, zeal, piety, learning of all sorts, both divine and human, of so happy a memory that he had the Bible without book, of such admirable eloquence, that not words but honey seemed to drop from his lips; of so indefatigable industry, that he was called Adamantius, and was said by some to have written six thousand books. Dr. Crakanth. Vigilius D • rmitans.

Est certe hic scriptor adeo omnibus modis impurus; sive ita ipse scripsit, sive depravata postea fuerunt ejus scripta, ut nullam in Ecclesia authoritatem in rebus controversis mereatur. Bezae Epist. 29. He often reproves him also in his Annotat. on the New Testament.

Orontius Fineus, Professor of the Mathematics at Paris under Francis the first.

He was born at Brianson a Town in Dauphine, the year of our Lord 1494.

He composed five Books,

De Arithmetica practica.

Two Books, De Geometria practica.

Five Books, De mundi Sphaera.

Commentaries upon the six first Books of the Elements of Geometry by Euclid.

And divers other Works mentioned by Thevet Vies Des hommes illustres. l. 6.

Paulus Orosius.

He was Augustine's Scholar. Nobilissimus ill rerum Christianarum Historicus. Montac. Exercit. 11.

Orpheus, a very ancient Poet, long before Homer. There is little of his extant.

Abraham Ortelius. He was born in Antwerp that famous Mart of the world.

He was given to Geography from his youth, and spared no cost or pains to perfect his knowledge therein, travelling far and often for that purpose. Cosmographus ad miraculum usque politissimus & laboriosissimus. Chyt. Scol. in Paraph. Ps. Buchanani.

His Thesaurus Geographicus is an excellent Work, instar omnium, and his Theatrum.

Lipsius, Gesner, and others much magnify it, Edito pulcherrimo orbis terrarum Theatro, & renovatâ antiquorum locorum per tabulas propriâ industria eleganter depictas memoriâ. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. l. 120.

Quo in opere (saith Melchior Adam in his Life) ita omnibus suam probavit industriam: ut à Philippo II. illo Principe Principum, Geographi Regii insignibus sit orornatus. Scripsit & Thesaurum Geographicum, in quo omnium totius terrae regionum, montium, promontoriorum, collium, silvarum, insularum, portuum, populorum, urbium, oppidorum, pagorum, item Oceani marium, fretorum, fluviorum, & ejusmodi nomina & appellationes veteres, additis magna ex parte etiam recentioribus opus eruditum lectuque jucundum.

Andreas Osiander, Anno Christi 1498. the Epitomizer of the Centuriators, skillful in the Hebrew, Greek and Latin.

Beza Epist. 59. calls him, Phanaticum & impurissimum Ecclesiarum turbatorem.

He held that the righteousness of Christ, by which we are justified, was his essential righteousness, as God. But, 1. That is incommunicable to us. 2. If that had been required to our Justification, Christ needed not to have been incarnate. Paul saith Rom. 5 19. We are made righteous by the obedience of one man.

Hier. Osorius.

An eloquent man, and too precise a follower of Tully. In his Book against Luther and Doctor Haddon he dares not name the words of Justification or Predestination. And I wonder (saith Mr. Fox ) that he dares insert the name of Christ in his Books, since it is not found in Tully. Nec Iustificationis aut praedestinationis vocabula ipsa vel nominare audes. Ac miror equidem, quod Christi nomen, quod apud Ciceronem nunquam legitur, non dubites libellis tuis inspergere.

His Book De gloria is most esteemed.

Arnald Ossat a French Cardinal.

His and Cardinal Perrons French Letters are esteemed useful, both for the understanding of Ecclesiastical, and State-affairs.

He was Scholar to Petrus Ramus.

Otto the second Son to Otto the first.

He being overcome at a Sea fight by the Grecians, and carried away by Pirates, being unknown by reason of his skill in the Greek tongue, he escaped safe into Sicily, and afterward he punished them.

William Oughtred, a very learned Mathematician.

He hath published,

Clavis Mathematica.

He hath put out these Works in English,

The Circle of Proportion.

The Horrizontal Instrument.

The Artificial gauging Line or Rod.

Ovid.

He had a natural genius to Poetry.

Quicquid conabar dicere versus erat.

Nascitur Poeta, fit Orator.

Lactantius calls his Metamorphosis Opus praeclarissimum.

As Tibullus and he were born in one day, so he and Livy died on another, that his birth and death might be nobly accompanied. Sands in the Life of Ovid.

CHAP. III.

P

RIchard Pacie Dean of Paul's.

He was Secretary for the Latin Tongue to King Henry the eighth. He was of great ripeness of wit, learning and eloquence, also expert in foreign Languages. He was sent in the Kings affairs Ambassador to Venice, which function there he so discharged, that it is hard to say, whether he procured more commendation or admiration among the Venetians, for his dexterity of wit, and specially for the singular promptness in the Italian Tongue. For opinion and same of Learning, he was accepted, not only here in England with Linacro, Grocinus, More, and others, but also known and reported abroad in such sort, that in all the great heap of Erasmus his Epistles, he wrote almost to none so many, as to him. Foxes Acts and Monum. Vol. 2. p. 247. c. 1.

He was after distracted, but he prettily well came to his wits, and began to study the Hebrew Tongue with Wakefield.

He hath written upon Ecclesiastes.

He begins his Book De fructu qui ex doctrina percipitur, thus, Ric. Pac. Ad Scient. Profes. Epist.

Librum doctissimi viri, non adeo brevem, unius spatio mensis scriptum mirabimini.

He saith further, that it was composed Constantiae in publico hypoca • sto.

Fabius Pacius.

His several Works are mentioned by Tomasinus in his Elogia virorum Literis & Sapientia Illustrium.

Julius Pacius his younger brother.

An. M. D. L. in lucem editus, ingenium politiorum literarum studiis pari cum fratre contentione excoluit: eoque profectu. Ut juvenis nondum exacto tertio decimo atatis anno Arithmeticae libellum magnâ facilitate conscripserit. Thomas. Elog.

He was an excellent Grecian, he illustrated Aristotle's Organ with most copious Notes, and published many learned Commentaries upon many of his books of Philosophy, and elucidated many books of the Civil-Law with Commentaries or Notes.

Besides his knowledge of the Civil and Canon-Law, he was skilled with knowledge of all Learning, the Mathematics, History, Poetry, much given to the reading of the ancient Fathers, and Ecclesiastical History, skillful in the Latin, Greek and Hebrew Languages.

Marcus Pacuvius, a famous Tragaedian.

There are some fragments of his remaining.

John Paget, a learned Divine, as his Arrow against the Separation of the Brownists shows.

Santes Pagninus, an Italian, and a Dominican Frier, a man excellently learned in the Hebrew Tongue.

There is his

Thesaurus Linguae Sanctae cum recognit Merceri. Fol.

Epitome Thesauri Linguae Sanctae.

And other Works.

Petrus de Palude, vel Paludanus, Anno Dom. 1320.

He hath written upon the Gospels, on the third and fourth Book of the Sennces.

De Causa immediata Eccles. potestatis.

De audientia Confessorum.

Jacobus Pamelius.

He was born at Bridges in Flanders, Anno 1536.

He was excellently versed in both profane and sacred History.

He hath not only made Cyprian and Tertullian better, but also illustrated them with learned Commentaries.

Guido Pancirolus.

He hath published,

Com. in notitiam utramque dignitatum tam Orientis quam Occidentis.

Thesaurus variarum lectionum utriusque juris.

And other Works.

Franciscus Panicarola.

Three at that time in concionibus dicendi laude florebant, Panicarola, Tolet & Lupus. There being three things required of an Orator, Ut doceat, ut delectet, ut moveat, it was commonly said then, Lupus movet, Toletus docet, Panicarola delectat.

Anton. Panormita Privy-Councelour to Alphonsus King of Spain and Naples.

He hath published his memorable sayings and deeds in four Books.

A most famous Poet and Orator.

Abbas Panormitanus, Anno Dom. 1440. The most learned of the Canonists.

He hath put out

In Libros Decretalium tomos 4.

Consilia & Quaest.

Repertorium Iuris.

Henricus Pantaleon, Anno Christi 1522.

He wrote Prosopographiae illustrium virorum Germaniae, & Diarium Historicum.

And divers other Works mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Paphnutius. Famous in Ecclesiastical History.

Papinianus. A famous Lawyer, he lived under Septimius Severus.

Johannes Pappus, a learned Lutheran. He was born in the year of Christ, 1549.

He published many Works mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

He died in the year which he expressed in this Verse, familiar to him in his Inscriptions,

Ad fine M sI qVis se parat ILLe sapit.

Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Paracelsus. Bombast. ab Hohenheim, a learned Physician. He had divers names.

He held there were three principles of things, Sulphur, Salt and Mercury. He said Physic was supported by four pillars, the first of which is Philosophy or Physic, which is a knowledge of earth and water, and all things thence begotten, the second Astronomy, which is a knowledge of the other two Elements, and all heavenly bodies. Thirdly, Alchimy, which demonstrates the Compositions and dissolutions of all Bodies. The last is Virtue, which requires that a Physician should be pious toward God, just, constant and faithful toward men, and a lover of all good.

He often censures and reproves the Ancients, Hippocrates, Galen, and Aristotle not excepted.

Daniel Pareus.

He hath written

Universalis Historiae Profanae Medulla.

Mellificum Atticum.

David Pareus his Son, a learned Divine of Germany.

He hath written Commentaries, and Adversaria upon all the Books of the Scripture.

Io. Philip Pareus his Son.

He hath written

Thesaurus linguae Latinae.

Electa Plantina, & Lexicon Plantinum.

Musae fugitivae.

Theatrum Philosophiae Christianae.

Narratio historica de vita & obitu D. Parei patris ejus.

A Commentary upon Philemon and Jude.

And other Works.

Matthaeus Paris sive Parisius, Anno Dom. 1250.

A Benedictine Monk of the Monastery of S ^t Albane here in England, a very faithful and diligent Author.

He wrote Historiam Anglicanam the English History, from the year of the Lord 1066, even unto the year 1201.

Vir omnium citimae aetatis historicorum Anglorum (nisi cui placeat Willielmum Malmesburiensem excipere) eruditissimus. Casaub. ad Front. Ducaeum Epist.

Gul. Parisiensis.

His Works are in two Volumes.

Robert Parker a Reverend Divine.

There are these Works of his,

De Descensu Christi.

De Politia Ecclesiastica Christo & Hierarchiae opposita.

A Scholastical Discourse about the Sign of the Cross.

John Parkins an Utter-barister of the Inner-Temple.

He put forth a little Treatise in the Reign of King Edward the sixth, of certain Titles of the Common-Laws, wittily and learnedly composed.

Rob. Parsons an English Jesuit.

He was most skillful in railing and reviling, able to put Shimei, Rabshakeh and Thersites himself to school. See Charles Paget his Book against him, and Watson's Quodlibets fourth Answ. to second Artic. and Quodlibet 3 ^d Answ. to the sixth Artic.

There is a Book commonly called Resolutions, which goes under his name, which the Papists much magnify, as also his Treatise of the three Conversions of England. But Doctor James somewhere denies the first to be his.

Protestants have published some Books of Papists (as Parsons Resolutions, Granadoes Meditations, with some altering of the Sentences, though if these Books had never come out, the scandal had been less. Doctor James his myst. of the Ind. Expurgat.

Carolus Paschalius a learned man.

He hath written,

Legatus.

Ceusura animi ingrati.

De optimo genere elocutionis.

CHAP. IV.

STeven Pasquier. a learned Frenchman.

He flourished Anno à Christi Nativitate 1546.

He hath written an excellent Treatise in French, styled La Recherche de la France.

He hath published also Icones, Epigrammes, and Epitaphs, and several other Works.

John Passeratius ^a , a learned Frenchman, the Kings Professor of Eloquence in Paris, an excellent Orator and Poet.

He hath put out Orations and Prefaces, a Commentary on Catullus, Tibullus and Propertius, Varia Opuscula.

His French Works are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

George Passor, Professor of Divinity and Hebrew at Herborn, of Greek at Frankere.

He hath put out a Lexicon Greek and Latin upon the New Testament.

Manuale Graecarum vocum N. T.

Syllabas vocum N. T.

Oratio funebris in obitum Jo. Piscatoris.

Paedagogus Christianus.

Matthias Pasor.

Son to George Pasor, a learned Professor at Groning.

There is his

Oratio pro▪ linguae Arabicae profession.

Marsilius Patavinus.

Franciscus Patricius, Venetus.

He taught Philosophy at Rome and Padua.

His learned Works are

Paraleli militares.

Liber male quidem amplus ac magnus, sed rerum, quae in ea continentur, aestimatione ac ponder longe maximus atque gravissimus. Jan. Nic. Eryth. Pinac.

Nova, de Universis Philosophiae.

Nova Geometria, novaque Rhetorica.

De scribenda historia tres Dialogi.

De Art Poetica tres decades.

And other Works.

C. Velleius Paterculus , an elegant Historian, but he was a great flatterer of Tiberius.

Patrick the first, or second Archbishop of Ireland.

Anno gratiae 491. Sanctus Patricius secundus Hyberniae Archiepiscopus, anno aetatis suae 122. in domino quievit. Matth. Westm. Flor. Hist. 93.

Vide Rivii Regim. Anglic. in Hibern. defense. adversus Analecten. l. 2. p. 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53.

Pope Paul the 3 ^d .

He was learned himself, and a lover of learned men. He chose certain Cardinals and other Prelates to reform the Church.

A Prelate endowed with good qualities, and among all his virtues, made more esteem of none then of dissimulation. History of the Counc. of Trent, l. 1. p. 71.

Petrus Bembus l. 6. Epist. Fam. writes to him, congratulating his Papal Dignity, and commending his Learning: He adds, Egi{que} Deo optimo maximo gratias, quod & mihi caeteris{que} qui easdem bonas arts & praeclara colunt studia, cum principem ac rerum dominum dederit; à quo sit magna nobilissimarum disciplinarum seges & proventus expectandus, & Christianae reip. procellis temporum turbulentissimorum jactatae gubernaculo ejusmodi magistrum adhibuerit: quo regente non modo naufragium non expavescat: sed ne ullam quidem aberrationem à recto cursu aut omnino declinationem timeat. Vide plura ibid. & Sadoleti Epist. l. 9. Epist. 1, 2, & 3. Paulo III. Pontif. Max.

D. Paulinus Aquitanicus.

He being a Senator sold his goods, his Wife persuading him, and went to Nola, that there he might embrace the Christian Religion.

Julius Paulinus, a learned Lawyer of Padua.

He wrote divers Works, which are mentioned by Bernardinus Scardeonius. De Claris Iureconsultis Patavinis.

Father Paul of Venice, a wise and learned man.

There is his History of the quarrel of Pope Paul the fifth, with the state of Venice, and an Answer to his Bull.

A Defense of Gerson.

The History of the Council of Trent written by him first in Italian.

Cognovi in Italia hominem sane multa eruditione, magno judicio, & integritate, rectissimoque animo. Licet haud liberter illos audiret, qui Romanam Ecclesiam nimis deprimunt, nihilominùs ab illis etiam abhorrebat, qui ejus abusus tanquam sancta instituta defendunt. Et erat caeteroqui veritatis amicus singularis, & assecla constantissimús. Bedel. Epist. Dedicat. ad Interdict. Venet. Hist.

Pausanias .

He hath excellently described ancient and flourishing Greece in ten Books.

Exstat hujus scriptoris minùs quidem facundum, sed eruditum opus de Greece, libris decem constans: iis & situm urbium ac locorum, & antiquitates Graecanicas, & quicquid pene memorabile Greece habuit, magno philologiae & historiae studiosorum bono, complexus fuit. Voss. De Histor. Graec. l. 2. c. 14.

Io. Pechamus, John Pecham Archbishop of Canterbury, Anno Dom. 1283.

He was very chaste, and so strict that he made the Canons near Canterbury forfeit their places for non -residence.

There are his

Sententia Biblicae ad unum caput collectae.

Peireskius, Claudius Fabritius de Peiresc. one most exact and skillful in matters of Antiquity, and a general Scholar.

His life is excellently written by Gassendi, and is worthy to be read by every Scholar, yet some do not much approve of Gassendi his Latin.

Pelagius a Britain by birth, and a Monk at Rome 382 years after Christ.

To prove that he was a Britain, Beda in his History quotes that verse out of Prosper Aquitanicus,

Pestifero vomuit coluber sermon Britannus.

Illud est, quo nomine inter Catholicos nullo in numero esse meritus est, quod arroganter nimis vitiatam extulerit naturam, humani arbitrii decomtor, divinae gratiae contemtor. Voss. Hist. Pelag. l. 1. c. 4.

Quis enim unquam ante prophanum illum Pelagium tantam virtutem liberi praesumpsit arbitrii, ut ad hoc in bonis rebus per actus singulos adjuvandum, necessariam Dei gratiam non putaret? Vincent. Lirin. Advers. Haeres. c. 34.

At the first Pelagius only praised Free-will, after indeed to decline envy, he began to use the term of Grace, but he understood only by it, that God had made us of Free-will▪ and preserves us in it.

Against him wrote Agustine, Jerome, Cyrillus, Orosius, Innocentius, Gennadius, and at the last Thomas Bradwardine a Doctor here in England.

The Pelagians were so called from him, and also Caelestiani from Caelestius one of Pelagius his Scholers. These taught that death was not the wages of sin, but that Adam should have died, though he had not sinned. That Adams sin was hurtful only to himself, and not to his posterity: That concupiscence was no sin: That Infants did not draw Original sin from their Parents:

That man after the Fall had free will to do good.

John Pell, a learned Mathematician of our own Country.

He hath written against Longomantanus de vera circuli mensura.

His learned sister Mistress Makins deserves also an honorable mention for her skill in the Latin and Greek.

Conradus Pellicanus▪ a learned Germane Divine, very skillful in the Hebrew▪ Chaldean and Arabic tongues.

He hath Commented on all the Bible.

The City Zurich hath had many eminent Sholers, as he, Theodore Bibliander, Conradus Gesner, that most excellent Historian, and many others.

Ludovicus Lavater writes that he had often heard from Pelican being old, that no Greek Testament could be found in Germany (the first copy was brought thither out of Italy, ) although one would lay out a great deal of money for one copy. Now such is the felicity of the times, that every Scholar hath one. Melch. Ad. in vita Pellicani.

William Pemble, a learned and pious Divine, a good Artist and Linguist both: a great orament of Magdalene Hall in Oxford.

He wrote a Treatise of Justification, and his mind running much on that subject, he said when he was upon his death bed that he would die in it, viz. his persuasion of Justification by the righteousness of Christ.

Johannes Pena, Mathematick Professor to the King of France in Paris.

A great Mathematician, he was taken away with a violent fever in the very flower of his age, when he was but thirty years old.

He hath written a learned Tract de natura & usu optices. He was Peter Ramus his Scholar.

Gabriel Pennotus.

There are these Works of his,

Generalis totius ordinis clericorum Canonicorum historia tripartita.

Propugnaculum humanae libertatis, seu Controversiarum pro humani arbitrii libertate.

Benedictus Pererius, a learned Jesuit.

His Works are

Commentarii ac dispute. in Genesin, In Exod. In Danielem. In Ep. Pauli ad Rom.

Opuscula Theologica, and other Works.

William Perkins, a learned and godly Divine.

Famous amongst foreign Nations for his skill in Practical Divinity, mentioned by Voetius and others

That worthy pair of our late Divines, Greenham and Perkins: whereof the one excelled in experimental Divinity, and knew well how to stay a weak conscience, how to raise a fallen, how to strike a remorslesse: The other in a distinct judgment, and a rare dexterity in clearing the obscure subtleties of the School, and easy explication of the most perplexed Discourses. D ^r Hals first Dec. of Epist. Epist. 7.

David Cardinal Du Perron.

There are four great Volumes of his Works in Folio, in French.

Replique A La Response Du Serenissime Roy De La Grand Bretagne.

Les Diverses Oevres, &c.

Du Saint Sacrement De L'Eucharistie.

Les Ambassades & Negotiations.

My Lord Faulkland calls him the great eloquent and judicious Cardinal Perron, and prefers him before Bellarmine and Baronius; and saith of his Book against K. James, that he was the Architect of the most glorious building, which ever in his opinion was erected to the honor of the Church of Rome.

Peter du Moulin in his Preface to his Answer to Cardinal Perron, or his Nouueau • e Du Papism saith of Perrons Answer to K. James, le ne trouue point entre les adversaires d'ouurage taunt elabore, I find not so elaborate a work amongst our enemies, Mais son peu desçavoir en la langue Grecque & es lettres humaines le fait souuent broncher. But his little knowledge in the Greek tongue and in human Learning makes him often stumble.

His book is well answered by Rivet, Peter du Moulin, and Blondell.

Nicolaus Perottus.

Cornucopia.

Correctio Plinii Epist. ad Titum.

Aulus Persius Flaccus.

Jerome calls him the most eloquent of Satyrists.

Barten Holyday consulted with above a dozen Expositors, yet in the Preface to his translation of Persius hath these words, I may without ambition say, it is a new thing Persius understood. To have committed no faults in my Translation (saith he according to his elegant way of writing) had been to Translate myself, and put off man.

CHAP. V.

DIonysius Petavius, a learned Jesuit.

He wrote against Scaliger and Salmasius.

That Scaligero mastix. Greg. de Aeris & Epochis.

Qui ad omnia, non solum falsa aut inania, verùm etiam vera, certa & omnium consensu approbata, vellicanda & carpenda natus esse videtur. Croii Observat. in N. T. c. 9.

Samuel Petitus, a very learned man.

There are these Works of his,

Miscellaneorum, lib. 9.

Variarum lectionum, lib. quatuor.

Eclogae Chronologicae.

Com. in leges Atticas.

Francis Petrarke, an Italian, a witty and sententious Orator, and Poet.

One of the great restorers of Learning.

Vir omnium saeculorum memoria dignissimus. Pignor. Symbol. Epist. Ep. 14.

He was born in the year 1304▪ and died in the year 1374. having lived 70 years wanting but a day.

There is in his Latin Works a neat expression, a spirit sinewy and sententious, a style short and concise. He was another Seneca.

He calleth Rome the Whore of Babylon, the School and mother of error, the Temple of heresy, the nest of treachery, and seemeth plainly to affirm, that the Pope was Antichrist, declaring that no greater evil could happen to any man, then to be made Pope.

His life is written by Papirius Massonus. There was great flocking after him, from France and all Italy.

Sacras literas, ut humiles & incomptas, & humanioribus impares nimio illarum amore, & contemptu harum, & opinione de se falsa, atque impotenti inventa, diù tumidus adolescens, fugit. Verùm liber confessionum divi Augustini, aditus ei postremo fuit, ad omnes sacras literas, sibique librum illum praedicat autorem fuisse, ut adolescentiae vitia dimitteret. Papir. Masson. ib.

He wrote De vita solitaria.

De remediis utriusque fortunae.

De Communi mundi contemptu.

De vita sapientis.

Bucolica, Eclogae: & alia venustissima Poemata quae scripsit lingua Hetrusca: and other Works mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

His Ancestors were Florentines, and lived in exile, but he returned home and died in his own Country of an Apoplexy. He was buried at Arquato Montanere, a village belonging unto Padita, where in honor of him a Sepulcher of Marble was built, and an Epitaph of his own making inscribed, part whereof is as followeth,

Frigida Francisci lapis hic regit ossa

Fessus{que} in terris, caeli requiescit in arce.

Petronius Arbiter, an obscene Writer, yet his Latin is pure and elegant.

Elmenhorstius in the life of John Wower calls Petronius Impurissimùm scriptorem purissimae latinitatis.

Suffridus Petrus. He was a Frisian, and wrote the history of Frisia, and of the Writers of Frisia.

Gasper Peucer, a learned Physician, well skilled in Philosophy and the Mathematics.

He hath written a singular book of his own imprisonment and freedom.

Christ. Pezelius, a learned Writer.

Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

He died Anno Dom. 1606.

Demetrius Phalereus. He hath written

De Elocutione. De Interpretatione Praecepta Rhetorica.

Philo Indaeus. He lived in Christ's time, and was born at Alexandria, a famous Town in Egypt.

Though he was a Jew, yet he was altogether unskillful in the Hebrew, as the Jews of Alexandria, and almost all the Hellenists were.

Homo Greece tantum loquens, Hebraismi autem adeo imperitus, ut dubitem an etiam legere sciret Hebraice. Scalig. Elench. Trihaeres. Serar. c. 18.

The Greek tongue was so common at Alexandria, that the Bishops, as Athanasius, Cyril, Theophilus, &c. there preached to the people in Greek. The Apostle therefore writing to the Hebrews allegeth to them the Scripture according to their translation. Pet. du Moulins Antibarb. c. 10.

Il fut tellement verse en toute bonne literature, que non seulement envers c • ux de sa sect, mais aussi envers les Chrestiens & Philosophes profanes, il estoit en grand credit & estin • e. Theuet. Vies des hommes Illustres l. 2.

Philo natione & sapientia Judaeus, Graecanicae vero facundiae leniter fluens amnis, aut in all • eo scripturarum potius dulce canens cygnus. Ovid. Fabrit. In N. T. Syr. Lat. Interpret. praefat.

The book of Wisdom was written by him, living after Christ's passion, resurrection, and ascension, yet he never believed in Christ. Doctor Twisse against Ford.

He was Iudaorum d • sertissimus. Jerome.

A great imitator of Plato, so that it was said of him, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . He wrote among other things of the life of Moses.

His allegorizing so much is disliked.

I • . Philoponus. Anno Dom. 602.

He wrote 7 books on the first Chapter of Genesis concerning the creation of the world.

John Philpot.

He and Bishop Ridley were the most learned of our English Martyrs in Q. Mary's days.

Fl. Philostratus.

Franciscus Philelphus.

Gul. Philander, a very learned man.

There is his

Epitome in omnes Georgii Agricolae, de mensuris ac ponderibus libros.

Photinus . He was learned, but a great Heretic.

He denied the Deity of the Son and Holy Ghost. Whence the Photinians.

There are two main parts of the Socinian Religion. The first concerning the Person of Christ, Photinianism. The other the Grace of Christ, Pelagianism.

Photios Patriarch of Constantinople, he flourished in the 9 ^th age, Anno Dom. 860. the learnedst man of his time.

Casaubone in his Epistles much commends his Bibliotheca.

Acerrimo vir ingenio perspicacissimó{que} & in omni genere doctrinarum praestantissimus Scriptor, Photios, Patriarcha Constantinopolitanus. Fulleri Miscel. lib. 2. cap. 3.

Alexander Piccolominy Archbishop of Sienna, a good Linguist and Artist.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Francis Piccolominy.

Many of his Works are also mentioned in Oxfhrd Catalogue.

Pet. Picherellus, a learned Frenchman.

We may judge of his great abilities, by those little Tracts de Coena Dominica, de Missae sacrificio, de Igne purgatorio, de Imaginum usu, and some other things that way, and likewise of his little difference from us in the weightiest points of our Religion, the more pity is it, that his excellent Notes on a great part of the New Testament should so unhappily perish after his death, as Thuanus relates.

Io. Pierius Valerianus.

He hath written an admirable Discourse of the Egyptian Hieroglyphics.

Elegans opusculum Ioannis Pierii Valeriani, quo agit de litteratorum infelicitate. Vossius de Histor. Lat.

Albertus Pighius.

The greatest learned man of your side: B. Jewel often stiles him so in his Reply to D ^r Cole.

Pontificiorum Archilles adversus Lutherum, qui totus noster est in causa Iustificationis. Episc. Mortoni Antidotum contra merita. cap. 7. sect. 1.

Albertus Pighius felici ac versatili vir ingenio, qui cùm Theology atque Astronomiae cognition naturalem quoque prudentiam, rerumque publicarum usum & intelligentiam conjunxit, eximia Latinae dictionis elegantia, quae scriberet ageretve comitante. Auberti Miraei Elog. Belg. Vide plura ibid.

Stephanus Pighius.

Vir de universâ antiquitate Romanâ praeclare meritus. Voss. de Construct. c. 25.

Laurentius Pignorius, the great ornament of Italy, born Anno 1571.

Vossius styles him Clarissimum, & diffusae reconditae{que} eruditionis virum.

He hath written Symbolae Epistolicae Epistolicall Symbols. The title of that Book is, Symbolarum Epistolicarum Liber primus, In quo nonnulla ex Antiquitatis, Iuriscivilis, & Historiae penu depromuntur & illustrantur, multaque Auctorum loca emendantur & explicantur.

There are also these Works of his,

Characteres Aegyptii, hoc est Sacrorum quibus Aegyptii utuntur Simulacrorum accurata delineatio.

De servis, & eorum apud veteres Ministeriis, Commentarius.

With other Latin and Italian books of his printed, mentioned there before his Epistles.

As he was well acquainted with Johannes Vincentius Pinellus, Marcus Velserus, Paulus Aicardus, Ianus Gruterus, Hieronymus Aleander, and many other learned men, so he had Imagines virorum Clarissimorum in his study, many of those before mentioned, and also Bellarmine, Baronius, Francis Petrake, Pancirolus, Torquatus Tassus, Tully, Onufrius Panvinius.

Pindar one of the chief Greek Lyrick Poets.

To whom it is peculiar suddenly to strike as it were, with a Divine Scepter, the minds of men, by rare short sentences. S ^r Francis Bacons Advancem. of Learn. l. 8. c. 1.

Pineda, he hath written a large Commentary on Job in two Volumes.

Johannes Vincentius Pinellus, a learned Italian.

He was skilled in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Spanish, French.

He adorned the most inward rooms of his house with greater Geographicall Tables or Mapes, and with the Icones of illustrious men.

He had Books sent him out of all Europe. He is much commended by Gassendi in vita Peireskii p. 30, 31.

John Piscator.

He was an excellent Scripture-Divine, but no School-Divine, and therefore no marvel if he want the accurateness of Scholastical expressions. D ^r Twisse against Hoord▪ l. 2.

He hath written upon all the Scripture, and other Works.

Io. Pistorius.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Io. Pitsaeus.

He hath written a Book de Scriptoribus Illustribus Britanniae.

He seems to slight Balaeus, and saith he took many thing out of Leland, whereas he never saw Leland, but took all out of Balaeus.

CHAP. VI.

FRanciscus Pithaeus, brother to Peter Pithaeus.

He hath put out Collectanea on Petronius.

Pet. Pithaens.

Casaubone never saw him (as Thuanus in the 6 ^th book of his Commentaries concerning his own life saith) yet how doth he extol him?

He had rare and exact knowledge in all Antiquity, Ecclesiastical history and other ways.

His disposition was sweet, and he far from all ambition and deceit, he was very prudent and skillful in managing affairs.

Thuanus in the first part of the fifth Tome of his Hist. l. 117. much commends him, and at last concludes thus of him, that in the Civil Law of the Romans, he came to that height, that it might be justly said of him, and his most famous Master Cuiacius, Hunc discipulo praeripuisse, ne primus Iurisconsultas esset, illum praeceptori, ne solus.

All the great men of this age (saith Papirius Massonus in his Elogia ) make honorable mention of him in their books, and some of these dedicate their Writings to him and his brother Francis, as the lights of France.

Many of his Books are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Bartholomaeus Pitiscus.

A Divine of profound Learning, of an acute wit, very methodical and perspicuous in teaching and writing.

He was a very great Mathematician, and hath written several Treatises of Triangles.

He saith in the Preface to one of his Books, Alii schacchia ludunt & talis: ego regula & circino, si quando ludere datur.

Plantavitzius.

He hath written a great Dictionary for the Hebrew, and other Works. Qui summo conamine libros Ebraicos sibi affatim comparavit, adjuvante praeceptore suo Ludovico Mathniensi. Seldenus de Syned. l. 3. c. 13.

Christopher Plantine.

A learned Printer, who hath been very useful to the Commonwealth of Learning by Printing the King of Spain's Bible, and many other excellent Works.

Christophori Plantini viri de Typographicae art, qua caeterae omnes illustrantur & vivunt, optime meriti, summam ingenii dexteritatem, admirabilem prudentiam, sedulam operam, infinitos labores, ac denique omnibus in rebus insignem diligentiam. nemo satis admirari, ac dignis laudibus extollere potest. Ariae Montani praefat. In Sac, Bib. Quadriling. Reg. edit.

Bartholomaeus Platina, a most learned man. Some call him Baptista Platina, so Iac. Bergomus in suppl. Ch. and Albertus Leander in his description of Lombardy; others call him Bartholomaeus Platina, so Ang. Roccha and Volaterane, his Epistle to Jacobus Picolominaeus is so, Barth. Platina. Ia. Cardinali Papiensi.

He was especially famous for his Work de vitis Pontificum usque ad Paulum II. by whom he was cast into prison and detained four whole months, when he undertook to defend the cause of Pomponius Laetus, and other learned men, which, were said to have conspired against him.

He was great with Pope Sixtus the 4 ^th , and by him made keeper of the Vaticane Library.

Felix Platerus, a learned and pious Physician.

Johannes Posthius thus played on his name,

Cùm felix animo, felix sis divite censu,

Felicis nomen convenienter habes.

His Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Plato, he was an Athenian Philosopher; he was called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , that is, Divine, for his rare wisdom.

When Tully commended any of the Philosophers, he still added, Semper excipio Platonem: Pliny calls him Sapientiae Antistitem. Plato ill sublimis apex philosophorum & columen. Arnob. Adversus Gentes l. 1.

He had his name Plato from his broad shoulders.

His Works are in one Volume.

Plantus. He is called Musarum decima & linguae Latinae decus, musarum ill & Gratiarum hortus.

He was born at Sarsina an ancient City at the foot of the Appenine in Lombardy.

Taubman before his excellent Commentary, hath many Elogia of Plautus.

C. Plinius.

He wrote 37 Books of the History of the world, and was Uncle to him who wrote the Epistles, as the Epistle 16. l. 6. ad Cornelium Tacitum shows. The whole Epistle is about the death of the elder Pliny, and begins thus, Petis ut tibi avunculi mei exitum scribam, &c.

He sometimes labors more to write much, then exactly.

Plinius ill diligens totius antiquitatis pervestigator, qui nullam bibliothecam praetermisse videtur, quam non excusserit & perlustrarit. Onid. Fab. In N. T. Syr. Lat. Interpret. Praefat.

Passeratius hath these verses,

         In
         
          Plinii
         
         naturalem Historiam.
        
         Cuncta suo amplexu magnus si continet orbis,
        
          Plinius
         
         & totum solus complectitur orbem:
        
         Quisquis erit magni complexus scripta Secundi,
        
         Ipso major eris, rerum qui maximus orbe.

C. Plinius Caecilius. He wrote six books of Epistles, and a Panegyric to Trajane the Emperor.

Plinius secundus the purest Writer in mine opinion of all his age, I except not Suetonius, his two Schoolmasters, Quintilian and Tacitus, nor his most excellent learned Uncle.

Stephanus Paschasius hath these verses of him in his Icones,

         Me lege; nec
         
          Plinium
         
         credas legisse secundum.
        
         Nulli ego dum vixi quippe secundus eram.
        
         Rursus & auctorom tu ne legisse putato:
        
         En tibi sum larga Bibliotheca penu.

Edm. Ployden, a grave man and singularly well learned in the Law.

His Commentaries, consisting of two parts, both of them learnedly and curiously polished, and published by himself, the one in Anno 13. Reg. Eliz. and the other in the 21 year of the same Queen, Works (as they well deserve) with all the professors of the Law of high account. The author was an ancient Apprentice of the Law, of the middle Temple, of great gravity, knowledge, and integrity.

Plutarke was born in the City of Chaeronea, Ammonius was his Schoolmaster.

He was a grave and very learned Author.

He lived under Domitian and Nerva, but flourished especially under Trajane. He was his Schoolmaster, and dedicated the Collection of his Apothegmes to him.

It was said of him, if all Authors were lost he alone might supply. Ita judico caeterorum scriptorum jacturam vel unius Plutarchi operibus resarciri posse. Frischlinus in defensione Aristophanis.

His Lives and Morals were his best Works. His Lives make an abridgement of all the best things contained in the Greek and Latin Histories.

He was a follower of Plato, but an enemy to the Epicures and Stoics.

Plutarchus totius antiquitatis rimator, & indagator tam curiosus, libro aureo de sera numinis vindicta. Herald. Animadversion. In Salmas. Observat. Ad Ius Att. & Rom. l. 4. c. 4.

         Historiam hic alii mores sophiamque colamus;
        
         Nullus erit geminum qui tibi praestet opus.
        
         Hoc Cherronensis studium conjuxit utrunque
        
         Historiae mores, moribus Historiam.
         
          Steph. Paschas.
         
         Icon.

Theodorus Gaza a Grecian born, of singular learning, being once asked by his familiar friends, which saw him so greatly affectioned to his study, what Author he would choose amongst many, if he could keep but one alone, he answered Plutarke, because there is none so profitable and delightful also to read as he.

Edward Pocock, the worthy Professor of the Hebrew and Arabic Tongues in Oxford.

He is honourably mentioned by Gerhard on Peter, and other outlandish men.

His learned notes in Specimen hist. Arabum, and Miscellaneous Notes in Portam Mosis give good evidence of his abilities, and I hope as he in the book last quoted very learnedly and profitably handleth the places of Scripture which he treateth of, so he will improve his knowledge in the Oriental Tongues for the illustrating of divers passages in Scripture.

Johannes Franciscus Poggius Florentinus, a Lawyer and Doctor of Divinity, naturally eloquent, especially in accusations and invectives.

He was facetious but too bitter, he wrote two books sharply against Laurentius Valla, to whom Valla replied as sharply.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

He wrote some obscene things, worthy to be burnt rather then read.

He was at the Council of Constance, where he is said to have found Quintilian and Asconius Pedianus.

Amandus P • lanus, the ornament of the University of Basel.

His Syntagma Theology Christianae, Commentary upon Daniel, Malechy, and other learned Works show his abilities.

Angelus Politianus, so called à Monte Politiano, a Town in Hetruria.

He had not his fellow among all those that flourished in his age, as we may see by his Works.

He was most skillful in the Greek and Latin tongue, a famous Grammarian, Orator and Poet.

Huic me puero à multis primae deferebantur. Mira ejus omnino eruditio, vehemens & paratum ingenium, jugis & frequens lectio, sed calore potius quam art versus scripsisse videtur, judicii utique parum cùm in seligendo, tum in castigando habuisse visus est. Lil. Gyrald. De Poet. nost. Temp. Dial. 1.

In his youth he did first make the Greek Poet Homer to speak in the Latin Tongue.

Politian in the preface to his Miscel. saith thus, Ac non id quaesivimus: ut aliquam doctis hominibus veluti labeculam aspergeremus: sed id cavimus potius: ne sub illorum authoritate studiosorum fides periclitaretur.

See a commendation of his Miscellanies l. 3. Epist. 18. & 19. & l. 6. Epist. 4. & l. 7. Epist. 4.

His several Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Julius Pollux.

He lived in the time of Commodus the Emperor.

There is his Onomasticon Gr, Lat.

Reginaldus Polus Cardinalis.

He was of a very Noble extraction, being near of kin to King Henry the 8 ^th , both by the Father and Mothers side, and a good Scholar.

In quo sanguinis nobilitas (nam proxima cognatione Regem contigebat) & morum gravitas cum eximia doctrina conjuncta extitit. Godw. Rerum Anglic. Annal. l. 2. p. 95. Vide etiam l. 3. p. 133.

In Calvin's Epistles and Answers Bullinger writes to Calvin, that England had returned to the Pope and Popery, and that the devil to recover it had used two special instruments, the Bishop of Winchester within the Kingdom, and Cardinal Poole without it, who then was made Archbishop of Canterbury. And he shows there that Cardinal Poole was received with great solemnity at Paul's Cross in London; and that the Bishop of Winchester in that Assembly revoked the Oration which he had before published under Henry the 8 ^th , de Obedientia, and that Cardinal Poole when he spake to Queen Mary, blasphemously used the words of the Angel, Ave Maria gratia plena, Dominus tecum.

He died the same day that Queen Mary died.

CHAP. VII.

POlyander à Kerckoven, Doctor of Divinity in Leyden.

He hath put out Concertatio Anti-Sociniana.

Polybius.

A learned Historian.

Polycarpus, a Tree that bare much fruit according to his name.

He lived in the time of Ignatius, and drew the doctriue of the Gospel from the mouth of the Apostles, as a most pure fountain. Irenaeus saith of him, Hic docuit semper quae ab Apostolis didicerat: & Ecclesiae tradidit, quae sola sunt vera.

Arnoldus Pontacus.

Vossius terms him doctissimum & diligentissimum, and l. 2. De vitiis Sermons, c. 3. Arnoldus Pontacus in iis, quae ad B. Hieronymi Chronicon magnâ industriâ, nec doctrina minore, annotavit.

Io▪ Isaacius Pontanus, the King of Denmarks Historiographer, a learned Historian.

Vossius honourably mentions him, lib. De constructione c. 63.

Johannes Iovianus Pontanus.

Nulli sui saeculi Poetae, aut Oratori, scribendo vel docendo cessit. Boissardi Bibliotheca.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Lud. de Ponte Romanus.

Ludovicus Pontanus commonly surnamed Romanus, because among all the Doctors of the Law, he chose his dwelling within Rome. He had so happy a memory; that he never alleged the Law (and he alleged it often) but he presently rehearsed its text all along without book.

Ausonius Popma.

Suffridus Petrus mentions three of his brethren as learned, Cyprianus a Popma, Sixtus a Popma, and Titus a Popma.

His book De differentiis verborum is of good use.

Porchetus .

Some say Galatinus took all out of him, Porchetus and he both out of Martinus Raymundus his Pugio.

There is his Victoria adversus Hebraeos▪ a book well esteemed of.

Porphyrius. He was Plotinus his Scholar, and Iamblichus his Master: he wrote fourteen books against the Christians, which he deadly hated. He was a wicked and ungodly Jew of the kindred and sect of the Sadducees, an enemy of Christ, a hater of God and his Word.

He wrote many books in Philosophy, Rhetoric, Grammar, and commented upon some of Aristotle's books. Ejus adeo exosum & execrabile nomen, ut in edictis Imperatorum profligatissimi quique haeretîci, Porphyriani dicerentur. Crakanth. De providentia Dei.

Gilbertus Porretanus. Anno Dom. 114.

There are his

6 Principia.

In quatuor Lib. Boethii de Trinitate.

Io. Baptista Porta.

He discovers many rare and exquisite things.

He hath published several Works,

De miraculis naturae.

De Furtivis literarum notis.

Magia naturalis.

De hum. Physiognomia.

De Distillationibus, and other Works.

John. Vincentius Porta.

Johannes Posselius, a pious and learned man.

Hesiodus Analyticus.

Syntaxis Graecae linguae.

Colloquia.

Apophthegmata Graecae linguae.

Calligrophia Oratoria linguae Graecae, a book most profitable to get the propriety, elegancy and plenty of the Greek language. Liber hic certe magno labor & studio ex variis acctoribus Graecis est collectus, continetque tum phrases ac formas loquendi elegantiores, tum vocabula simplicia & synonima, item particularum usum, additis ubique tabulis, & probatorum auctorum illustribus exemplis: dignus qui ab omnibus serio Graecari, & Greece ac Latin scribendi exercitium conjungere volentibus, nocturna diurnaque manu versetur. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

Ant. Possevinus, an Italian of Mantua.

Some dislike him, he hath put all Campians reasons into his book, D ^r Reynolds therefore styles him Campiani haeres ex asse, and was wont to say of him, that he had need of a broom.

Johannes Posthius, a learned Physician and Poet.

He wrote excellent Poems intitled Parerga poetica. Some Anotomicall Observations, and other things belonging to Physic.

Gul. Postellus, a good Linguist, but he was mad, he held that Adams soul was in him, and other gross opinions.

He was the first of Christians which published the rudiments of the Arabic Grammar.

There are these Works of his,

De Linguarum 12 differentium Alphab.

Clavis absconditorum aeternae veritatis.

De Phaenicum Lit.

De Orbis Terrae concordia.

De Etruriae Origin.

Gabriel Powel.

There is his

Dispute. de Antichristo.

De adiaphoris.

His resolved Christian.

His Positions of Usury in two Volumes in 8 ^o , and other Works.

Godeschalcus Praetorius.

A noble Poet made this Verse upon him,

Bis septem linguas, sophiam omnem calluit unus.

Regnerus Praedinius the learned Rector of the School at Groning.

His Works are published in one Volume.

Hieronymus Pragensis, a Bohemish Divine, who was truly worthy of a holy name, a Martyr also of Christ, as John Hus was, and was burned at Constance Anno 1416.

D ^r John Preston, a learned and profound Divine.

His Treatise of the Divine Essence and Attributes, and his Sermons upon the Sacraments, with other Works are of great use.

John Prideaux, Doctor of Divinity and Bishop of Worcester, the Learned Professor of Divinity heretofore in Oxford.

His Lectures and Orations in Latin, and other Works have made him famous both here and beyond sea.

Sylvester de Prierio.

He hath written Case-Divinity, called Summa Sylvestriana, and several books against Luther for which the Pope sent him a golden Rose.

Gilbert Primerose.

A learned Scotchman who was a French Preacher at Bourdeaux, and after one of the Preachers in the French Church at London.

He hath put out several French books,

La Trompette de Zion.

Le Voeu de Jacob oppose aux voeux des Moynes.

La defense de la Religion reformee par passages de l' Escripture.

Many of his Works are translated into English.

David Primerose his son was Preacher at Roane in France.

He put out Theses Theologicae.

De Peccato in genere & specie.

De Necessitate satisfactionis pro peccato per Christum.

De Divina praedestinatione, & annexis articulis.

A Treatise against the morality of the Sabbath.

Priscianus a famous Grammarian.

Priscus & nomine & fide Grammaticus. Voss. l. 1. De Analog. c. 19.

We call incongrnous Latin, the breaking of Priscians head, as if to speak and write well by a special right belonged to him.

Proclus. Casaubone faith he had the best memory of any that he ever saw or read of.

He was a great Mathematician, and famous Platonic Philosopher.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Procopius Gazeus, Anno Dom. 530. a most grave Historian of the Romans, who lived in the times of the Goths and Vandals, and was well skilled in the Original and Manners of both Nations.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Propertius.

He was excellent and singular (saith Pliny ) in Elegies.

Propertium qui non amat, eum profecto Musae non amant. Lipsius l. 2. antiq. lect. cap. 10.

Umbria parva tibi tantum debere fatetur,

Quantum Callimacho Greece magna suo. Steph. Pasch. Icones.

Lepidissimus & nitidissimus Poeta Propertius. Turneb. Advers. l. 8. c. 2.

Prosper of Aquitane, from his Country, not the place of his Bishopric, as Baronius.

He wrote about the year of our Lord 450.

Proverbs. They show the genius and wit of a Nation.

There are the Proverbs of the Grecians collected ex Zenobio Diogeniano & Suidae collectaneis, by Andreas Schottus.

Erasmus his Latin Adagies are full of Learning.

Amongst the Europaeans, the Spaniards, Italians, French, English, Dutch, excel in them. Gruter hath put out Proverbia Italica, Gallica, Belgica, Germanica, Britannica.

For the Eastern people Erpenius hath put out two Centuries of Arabic Proverbs, with his own and Scaligers interpretation: and Levinus Warnerus a Century of Persian Proverbs with Notes.

Andreas Schottus hath put out, Adagialia sacra N. Testamenti Gr. Lat. selecta atque ex posita. Ioach. Zehnerus hath published also Adagia Sacra.

The Hebrews have two special wise Sentences, as De Dieu in the entrance to Xaverius his Persian History of Christ, observes,

Nullum foramen acus augustum est duobus amicis: Nec satis latus est universus mundus duobus inimicis. No hole of a needle is narrow to two friends, nor is the whole world broad enough to two enemies.

Quemnam hominum diliges maxim? Responsio, Eum cujus multa sunt beneficia ergame, quod si talis non detur, contra quem sunt multa delictamea. Whom wilt thou love best? The answer, Him who hath bestowed many benefits on me, but if there be none such, him whom I have much offended.

Aurelius Prudentius, Anno Dom. 380. 393. Helvic.

A learned Spaniard, one calls him the Christian Pindar.

He hath left many Poems witnesses of his piety and zeal to Christian Religion, among which are those which he hath written against Symmachus.

Claudius Ptolomaeus.

A learned Egyptian, of a deep and long reach in the knowledge of Astronomy, and other Mathematical sciences.

He flourished under Marcus Antoninus Emperor of Rome.

There are three esteemed miracles of nature amongst the Learned, Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy, which the Ancients, especially the Platonics adorn with three divers Elogies. Plato is styled 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , Aristotle 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , quasi supra sortem humanam, Ptolemy 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . admirandus, to be admired, to whom this is singular and plainly wonderful, that he alone, or certainly alone after Aristotle, hath published books in four divers faculties, everyone of which in its kind may be esteemed the chief with posterity.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Ptolomaeus Philadelphus.

He was a great favourer of Learning, and is famous for his magnificent Library at Alexandria of seven hundred thousand Volumes; of which Antoine Du Verdier in his Preface to his Bibliotheque, B. Usher in the first part of his Annals, and Naudaeus Aduis pour dresser une Bibliotheque c. 3. make honorable mention.

Eryc. Puteanus.

Claudius Puteanus the son of Clement, a very learned man, though he wrote nothing. Iuvenis per quàm eruditus. Lambine.

Claudius Puteanus Clementis filius juvenis bonarum artium ac litterarum, studio inprimis deditus, valdeque ingeniosus atque eruditus, & quae virtutes raro in tali aetate reperiuntur, egregie cordatus, continens, temperans ac modestus. Lamb. Comment. In Aemil. Prob. vit. p. 122.

Ios. Scalig. writes to two choice young men Christopher and Agustine Putean, sons to Erycius, and begins his Epistle thus, Patrem vestrum, charissimi adolescentes, me non amisisse jam sentio, quem video in vobis vivere. Virtutes patrum tam rarum natis est exprimere, quam patribus virtutum suayum ac morum exempla suis relinquere posse.

Samuel Purchas, a learned English Divine; our English Ptolemy.

There is Hackluitus posthumus, or Purchas his Pilgrimes, containing an history of the World in Sea-Voyages and Land-Travels by Englishmen and others, and his Pilgrimage enlarged with additions.

Gaudeat irriguus Ptolomaei nomine Nile,

Ast Anglis primus sum Ptolomaeus ego.

Pythagoras the Philosopher.

He was born in the Isle of Samos, and was one of the chiefest persons of Greece. His Life is written by Iamblichus.

He was the inventer, or at least a principal illustrator of the Mathematics.

The Pythagoreans so honored their Master, that they were wont to allege him still in these two words 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , as much to say, we ought to believe it since he (viz. Pythagoras ) said it.

There are his Symboles and golden words, and golden verses Greek and Latin, and Poems Greek and Latin.

CHAP. VIII.

Q

JOhannes Quinquarboreus.

He was Professor of Hebrew and Chaldee to the French King in Paris.

There is his Chaldee Paraphrase with Scholia, upon Ruth, Lamentations, Hosea, Joel, Amos.

Quintilianus.

Martial hath a whole Epigram of him, it begins thus,

Qu • ntiliane vag • moderator sum juventae

Gloria Romanae, Quintilian • , Togae. Mart. 2. Epig. 90.

Iuvenall and Pliny the younger were his Scholers, as Politian shows in his Preface to Quintilian.

CHAP. IX.

R

RAbanus Maurus, that famous Archbishop of Mainz, Anno Dom. 840. and Scholar sometime to Alcuinus in Paris an English man, he wrote a learned Commentary on all the Books of the Old and New Testament.

He was an excellent Philosopher, Orator, Astronomer, Poet, Rhetorician and Divine. Italy nor Germany scarce ever brought forth the like in Learning.

Franciscus Rabelaesus.

A witty but Atheistical French Writer, and Doctor of Physic.

Matthias Raderus, a learned and diligent Writer.

He hath Commented on Martial, and put out Viridarium Sanctorum, and other Works.

Jacobus Raeuardus, a great Lawyer.

Jacobum Raeuardum audeam cum I. Lipsio. V. Cl. Belgii nostri Papinianum nominare: ut qui cum priscis illis Iureconsultis ingenii doctrinae{que} praestantia comparandus esse videatur. Auberti Miraei Elogia Belgica.

Georgius Ragusius.

A man of exquisite Learning, and a curious si • ter of the truth in doubtful points, and a man of that integrity, that having got great credit in the world for his skill (among other things) in Judicial Astrology, being convinced in his conscience, as himself relateth, that it was but mere co • zenage and imposture, he made no scruple to make open recantation, and wrote against it very learnedly. D ^r Casaub. on Enthus. c. 2.

He hath written Peripateticall Disputations, and two books of Mathematical Epistles or of Divination.

John Rainolds, a learned and pious Doctor of Oxford. Famous beyond sea as well as here. He alone was a well furnished Library, full of all faculties, of all studies, of all learning: the memory, the reading of that man was near to a miracle. D ^r Hals Dec. of Epist. Epist 7.

Some much commend his Lectures upon the Apocrypha.

Others his Conference with Hart.

Sir Walter Raleigh.

His History of the world is well esteemed.

Ralphe a Monk of Fulda.

All the hard questions were sent to him from divers parts of the world.

Petrus Ramus, the Kings Professor in Eloquence and Philosophy at Paris in the 36 year of his age.

Genebrad (after his way) harshly censures him.

Petrus Ramus turbulentiae, & sui in Linguas, arts, Theologiam denique ipsam furoris supplicium dedit. Geneb. Chron. l. 4.

Pasquier l. 9. De Recherches de la France, c. 19. and elsewhere writes more respectively of him, c. 20. of that book he shows his dislike of Carpenters revengeful act in causing Ramus to be slain in the Massacre at Paris on S ^t . Bartholomews day.

Idola gymnasiii Praelei amoveri & recondi jussit ne conspicerentur. Rami vita A Theophilo Bannosio descripta.

Jacobus Pascharius hath these Verses of him,

Fertilior quavis cum sit sacer arbore Ramus;

Arboris hic dignus nomine Ramus erat.

In the 21 year of his age he published a Logic with Animadversions upon Aristotle.

He was murdered at the great Massacre in Paris, and his body reproachfully dragged up and down the streets, and many of his Works not yet finished there perished.

Ranulphus .

Francis Raphelengius , a learned Linguist, Professor of the Arabic at Leyden.

He with others is much commended by Arias Montanus, Praefat. In Sac. Bib. Quadriling. Reg. edit.

Rasis or Rhasis, an Arabian, a great Physician.

William Rastall, a reverend Judge of the Court of Common-pleas, and of great industry.

He put out a Collection of the Statutes now in force in the reign of Queen Mary.

He was the Author also of the book called the Terms of the Law. He put out Sir Thomas Mores Works also in one Volume, who was his Uncle.

Franciscus Ranchinus.

Johannes Ravennas

Venetiis praecepit, primus omnium qui ea tempestate post longa tempora ludum in Italia aperiret: unde tanquam ex equo Trojano viri praestantes plurimi prodierunt qui posteascholis ac literis omnia referserunt.

Pet. Ravennas.

Hermannus Ravenspergerus, a learned Professor of Divinity at Groning.

There is his judicium de Grotii libro de satisfaction Christi.

Florilegium Theologicum.

Johannes Mullerus Regiomontanus, one of the famousest Mathematicians of Germany, Anno Dom. 1436.

Mathematicorum Germanorum unus Regiomontanus longissime excelluit. Monimenta ingenii orbi terrarum nota sunt. Vienna professore Regiomontano gloriosa est. Rami Schol. Mathem. l 2.

He found out the tenth sphere the chiefest of all the heavenly Globe, and in its diurnall motion carrying about with it the other spheres, in this he excelled Thales, Eudoxus, Ptolemy, and Alphraganus, as Iovi • s witnesseth; with his great Learning and other virtues he joined piety towards God. Whence he wrote out the whole New Testament in Greek handsomely with his own hand, and by reading made it familiar to himself. Pantal. de Vir. Illust. German. parte 2 ^da .

Ipse certe characteres ut citissime, ita elegantissime ad pingebat: ac super fuit diu novum Testamentum, quod ab usque initio descriptum nitidissime, solitus erat circumgestare. Gassend. in ejus vita.

Jacobus Reihingius.

Erasmus Reinholdus, a Doctor of Physic, a famous Astronomer.

Remigius .

He was Bishop of Reims, a man of most holy conversation, and excellently learned, as by the Commentaries which he wrote upon the Old and New Testament it evidently appeareth.

Georgius Remus, a man of great Learning.

He hath put out

Spicileg. in Salom. Prov.

In Ecclesiasten Sal.

Karoli 5. Leges Capitales cum Paraphrasi & Scholiis ejusdem.

Poemata.

John Reuchlin, or Capnio, which name (from the Germane being made Greek) Hermolaus Barbarus gave him, when he was sent by Maximilian the Emperor to Rome. His chief praise is, that he stirred up the study of the Hebrew tongue in Germany. He first of all wrote an Hebrew Grammar with great perspicuity in Latin. He invited many to learn and study the Hebrew tongue, and they received the seeds of that doctrine from him.

He was skillful in the Law, a great Linguist, and general Scholar.

He was born in Stutgard in the Dukedom of Wirtemberg.

Extat ejus liber de verbo mirifico, & de Cabalae scientiae placitis, eloquentia illustri ad Leonem decimum perscriptus. Paulus Jovius Elog. Vir. Doct.

Iovius saith he was the Author of that witty book styled, Obscurorum virorum Epistolae, admirably facetiarum lepore conditae, quibus ad excitandum risum, cucullatorum Theologorum ineptissime, atque ideo ridicule Latina lingua scribentium stylus exprimitur.

He was almost equally skillful in those three Languages, Hebrew, Greek and Latin. Germany therefore in regard of his skill in Languages and in all kind of Learning, deservedly honored and respected him as a Phoenix, and their only ornament. Eras Epist. l. 2. Epist. 1. Vide etiam ib. Epist. 4.

He bred many excellent Scholers. Hic ill est ex cujus auditorio nominatim praeter innumeros alios minus celebres, Oecolampadius, Pelicanus, Munsterus prodierunt. Bez. Icon. Vir. Illust.

Nicolaus Reusnerus, Professor Ienensis.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Beatus vel Bildius Rhenanus, a man of great Learning and singular judgment, famous for his innocence, humanity and chastity.

John Sturmius hath written his Life largely and elegantly.

He first put forth Tertullian, Pliny, and many Historians, as Livy, Paterculus and Tacitus, and corrected them and illustrated them with Notes.

Stephanuus Paschasius in his Icones hath these verses of him,

Qui decuit quicquid Rheni concluditur orbe,

An non Rhenanum dicere jure potes?

Johannes Rhodius, a most learned man.

There is his

Trina Theologica, Philosophica, & Iocosa.

Laurentius Rhodomanus.

Ludovicus Coelius Richerius Rhodiginus, Anno 1450.

He lived in the time of Maximilian the Emperor. He was invited to Millaine, by Lewis the 12 ^th King of France, who gave him a great and royal stipend: he taught Greek and Latin there with great praise. Afterward he did excellently discharge the same office at Padua. But he especially got himself immortal fame by his 30 Books of ancient readings, in which work the abstruse words of both languages are interpreted, obscure places in many excellent writers are explained, corruptions purged, and ancient rites manifested, many secrets drawn out of Philosophy.

When a certain Germane found his sepulcher without an Epitaph, as it were in indignation, and reproaching his Citizens, he wrote on the bricks

Hic jacet tantus vir.

CHAP. X.

PEt. Ribadeneyra.

He put out a Catalogue of the Writings of the Jesuits, and other Works.

Fr. Ribera, a learned Jesuit.

His Commentaries on the twelve smaller Prophets, on the Hebrews and Revelation are well esteemed.

Antonius Riccobonus.

Public Professor of Oratory at Padua.

He hath published two Volumes of Orations.

De usu Artis Rhetoricae.

Comm. in universam doctrinam Oratoriam Ciceronis, and other Works.

Christophorus Riccius.

His book which he hath published, is styled

Vindiciarum Iuris praemissa, adversus novatorum affanias & corruptelas.

Paulus Riccius, a most learned Jew, born in Germany, and converted to the Christian faith.

He published divers Works, in which he both discovered the devises of the refractary Jews, and promoted Learning. A book De sexcentis & tredecim Mosaica sanctionis seu Pentateuchi dictis. Philosophia, prophetia, ac Thalmudistica pro veritate Christiana tuenda, cum juniori Hebraeorum synagoga, disputatio mirabili ingenii acumine, in tres divisa tractatus.

Farrago ex Thalmudis codice Isagoge in Caballistarum doctrinam, which Erasmus commends in his Epistles.

And other Works he also published, which are mentioned by Melchior Adam.

Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London, the most learned Martyr in Queen Mary's days.

He wrote a Book in prison of the Lord's Supper, which is turned into Latin with an Epistle prefixed, wherein he and that Tract are commended.

Petrus Riga.

There is his

Aurora.

Nicolaus Rigaltius .

There are his

Observationes & notae in Auctores finium regundorum.

In Glossas Agrimensorias Glossarium.

Funus Parasiticum.

Vita S. Romani.

Notae in Martialem.

John. Riolanus, both the Father and the Son.

There is the Fathers Anthropographia.

The Sons Anotomica.

Ioachimus Fortius Ringelbergius. He was born at Antwerp.

Nullum perfecit librum, nisi dum a typographo excuderetur.

The manner which he observed in writing books, Melchior Adam mentions in his life; and himself in his Book De Ration Studii p. 85. seems to intimate.

His Works were published in one Volume at Leyden, and the particular Treatises are mentioned by Melchior Ad. vit. Germ. Philos.

Fridericus Risnerus.

He was Ramus his helper in the Mathematics, he hath written four books of the Opticks.

Conradus Ritterhusius.

He was born at the City Brunswick in Saxony, Anno Christi 1560. when Melancthou died.

He was acquainted with the learned and famous men of his age. Joseph Scaliger, Iustus Lipsius, Casaubone, Thuanus, Lectius, Ortelius, Canterus, Bongarsius, both the Douzas, Heinsius, Freherus, Gruterus. Stenius, the Camerarii, Remus, Caselius, Velserus, Dionysius Gothofredus, Melissus, Posthius, Stuckius, Monavius, Beza, Mornie, and many other great Scholars.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Sir Thomas Rives the Kings Advocate.

These are his Works,

The poor Vicars Plea.

Regiminis Anglicani in Hibernia Defensio.

Adversus Analecten.

Historia Navalis in two parts.

Defensio Justiniani contra Nicolaum Alemannum.

Andrew Rivet, a learned and godly French-Divine.

He hath very well expounded Genesis, Exodus, the Prophetical Psalms and Hosea, and wrote learnedly against the Papists in his Catholicus Orthodoxus, and against Grotius. Criticus sacer seu censura Patrum, Isagoge in S. Scripturam, Synopsis doctrinae de natura & gratia.

Other learned Treatises hath he published in Latin and French.

William Rivet his brother is also a learned man.

He hath published a Book De Justification, a most exact French Treatise (as some say) De Invocatione & Adoratione Sanctorum defunctorum.

Epistola Apologet.

Mart. de Roa.

There are his

Singular. loc. ac rerum, l. 5.

Singul. l. 6.

Observat. in Proverb.

Do die natali, sacro & profano.

Franciscus Robortellus.

There was a great difference between him and Carolus Sigonius.

There are his

Ephimerides Patavinae.

Adversus Carolum Sigonium.

Ang. Roccha.

There is his

Bibliotheca Vaticana.

Bibliothecae Theot. & Scripturalis Epitome, unà cum Scriptoribus qui in Biblia scripserunt.

And other Works.

Robert Roollock a learned Scotch Divine.

He hath commented on

Daniel, some Psalms, the Gospel of John, the Epistle to the Romans and Galatians, the Epistle to the Ephesians, Colossians, Thessalonians, and Philemon.

He hath written De vocat. & modo revel. foed.

Adrianus Romanus.

There is his

Methodus Polygoniorum.

Gulielmus Rondeletius an excellent Physician.

His Life is copiously written by Laurentius Ioubertus in the second part of his Works, and his Works are mentioned by him.

There are these Works of his

De piscibus marinis.

De ponderibus.

Methodus Curandi morbos.

De dignosc. morbis, cum aliis opusc.

De morbo Gallico.

Emendatiores Tabulae.

De dosibus.

Peter Ronsard Prince of the French Poet • . Some call him the French Homer and Pindar.

Petrus Ronsardus Poeticam nostrâ aetate ad summum e • lmen evexit. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 5. lib. 117. part. 1.

Post Augusti aetatem poet • praestantissimus. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36. Vide ejus Hist. Tom. 4. l. 82.

This Epitaph was made of him,

Hac tegitur Ronsardus humo, tot notus in oris,

Quot patrius flavas Leda percurrit arenas.

Bartas in his second Week saith thus of him,

         L'autre ce grand
         
          Ronsard,
         
         qui pour oruer sa France
        
         Le Grec & le Latin despouille d' eloquente,
        
         Et d' vn esprit hardy many hereusement,
        
         Toute sor
         
          •
         
         e de verse, de sty la & d' argument.

Cardinal Perron made a Funeral Oration upon his death. He much extols him there, Il s' est bien ven aux siecles passez, des hommes excellens en vn genre de Poesie (saith he) mais qui ayent embrasse toutes les parties de la Poësie ensemble, comme cestuy-cy à faict, il ne s' en est point veu. jusques â maintenant. See more there.

Io. Rosinus.

He hath written ten Books of Roman Antiquities.

Alexander Ross, a learned Scotchman.

He hath written many good Books in Latin and English, in Prose and Verse.

Virgilius Evangelizans.

Virgilius Triumphans.

De rebus Iudaicis.

Additions to Wollebius and Ursinus.

Observations upon Sir Walter Rawleigh.

Marrow of History.

Chronology.

Medicus Medicatus.

Of all Religions.

And several others.

Herebertus Rosweydus, a learned Jesuit.

There are these Works of his,

Dissertatio de fide haereticis servanda.

Historia Eremitica.

Anti Cappel.

Vindiciciae Campensis.

Lex Talionis 12 tabularum.

Corollarium contra Coecysm • t Capelli de fide haereticis servanda.

Vetus Martyrologium Romanum.

Hieronymus Roverius.

Hier. Rubeus, a famous Physician.

There are these Works of his,

Disputatio de Melonibus.

De distillat.

Hist. Ravennatum.

Rudolphus II. Imperator.

There are

Tabulae Rudolphinae Astronomicae.

Exhortatio ad omnes S. Roman. Imperii statu pro communi bello adversus Turcam.

Oratio in Comitiis Generalibus Cracoviae.

Johannes R • ellius.

There are these Works of his,

De Natura stirpium.

Collect. & interpret. Medicinae veterinariae.

Rufinus Presbyt • r, Anno Dom. 390.

He was much esteemed by many.

David Rungius.

He was skilled in Hebrew, Greek and Latin, and in the Liberal Arts.

〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉

He hath published several Works,

Analysis Ep ad Romanos.

Praelect. in Gen. in Exod.

De norma & judice Controversiarum.

Disp. in Ep. ad Rom. & Cor.

Dispute. 8. in Acad.

Rupertus Tuicensis, vel Tuitiensis Abbas, Abbot of T • y.

He was esteemed one of the most learned men of his age. The many Volumes which he hath left written, do testify the eminency of his Learning.

Some of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Io. de Rupescissa a Monk, An. 1350. For rebuking the spiritualty for their grea • enormities, and neglecting their office and duty, was cast into prison.

He hath written

De 5 ^a Essentia.

De remed. genere.

De Confectione veri lapidis Philosophorum.

Lib. lucis.

Ianus Rutgersius.

He is called Ianus Rutgarius in the Appendix to Oxford Catalogue.

CHAP. XI.

S

EManuel Sa.

One of the most famous Fathers of the Society of the Jesuits, Doctor in Divinity, who vaunts in his Aphorisms of Confession, that he was forty whole years in making that holy Work, which he esteems certain in its Propositions, since he calls them Aphorisms, which he hath framed after the order of the Alphabet, Pasquier des Recherches de la France. l. 3.

Marcus Antonius Coccius Sabellicus.

His several Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Raymundus de Sabunde.

He hath written an excellent Book, called Theologia naturalis, sive Liber Creaturarum.

Io. de Sacro bosco, a famous Philosopher and Mathematician.

He flourished Anno 1230. His Book of the Sphere is well liked.

Pantaleon makes him a Germane, Dempster a Scotchman, Hist. Eccles. Scot. l. 17. Stanihurst an Irishman, Descript. Hib. but Leland and others say, he was an Englishman.

Antonius Sadeel.

Antonius Bourbon King of Navarre loved him well, and was wont to hear him preach.

His friends in France were especially Beza, Hottoman, Goulartius, Faius, and others. Elsewhere Grynaeus, Tossanus, Stuckius, Fontanus, Bovius, L'Estraeus.

Iac. Sadoletus a Learned Cardinal. He was thought to be poisoned.

Peter Bembus in the fifth Book of his familiar Epistles, writing to Cardinal Pool of Sadoletus his Book concerning Philosophy, saith, he read it over often, and then gives this approbation of it, Equidem ab illis Augusti temporibus quae profecto maxim omnium summis ingeniis & praestantibus scriptoribus claruerunt; nullum legi librum scriptum, ut mihi quidem videtur, appositius, splendidius, nullum melius, nullum Ciceroniano mori, stilo, facundiae denique vicinius. Vide etiam l. 6. Epist. Fam. Paulo Sadoleto p. 327, 328.

Iac. Salianus.

There are his

Annals Ecclesiastici Vet. Testamenti, in divers Tomes.

Cl. Salmasius, a learned French Critick.

De omni hujus ludi (scil. calculorum sive tesserarum) ration accuratius à nemine scriptum, quàm maximo Salmasio, nunquam satis laudatis ad Historiae Augustae scriptores notis. Vossius De vitiis sermonis l. 3. c. 52.

He hath written Notes upon Tertullian de pallio.

De Transubstantiatione contra Grotium.

De primatu Papae, vel de ordine Ecclesiastico.

De Episcopis & Presbyteris, with divers Philological, and other Works.

Accurate de hisce annulis Salmasius eruditâ Epistolâ, vel libro potiùs, de Caesarie, ac coma mulierum. Voss. De vitiis sermonis l. 3. c. 51.

Two or three years, plus minus, before he made his Books, entitled, De usuris, deque usurarum modo.

Samuel Petitus published the Attick Laws with a Commentary. He (though learned) was unfurnished with helps, to complete such a Work. Salmasius therefore then reading of him, or coming newly from him, took many things from him, and without a diligent search inserted them into his Books, Hinc ex parte tot errores, imo tot monstra, quae in libris illis incubant, ubi his de rebus agitur. Herald. Animadversion. in Salmas. Observ. ad jus Att. & Rom. l. 2. c. 12.

Salmasius librum inscripsit de usuris, quae inscriptio tractatum juris premittebat. In eo libro verborum proprietates, & origines tractavit; feliciter multas, infeliciter plurimas; atque ea in re pars maxima ejus laboris consumpta est. Et sic liber, quem juridicum volebat efficere, in grammaticum abiit, sive exiit. Id. ib. l. 2. c. 4.

Alph. Salmeron.

Com. in Script. Novi Test. Tom. 16.

His Work upon the Parables is well liked.

Rabbi Salomo a learned Jewish Expositor.

Unus ex praecipuis Iudaeorum Commentatoribus. Paul. Fag. Annot. in Chaldee. Par. in Gen. 49 10.

Salvianus , Anno Dom. 460. 480 alii.

A learned Father. His Book of God's Providence is well liked.

Salustius Crispus.

Salust is a wise and worthy Writer, but he requireth a learned reader, and a right considerer of him. Aschams Schoolmaster 2 ^d part.

Crispus Romana primus in Historia. Mart. l. 14. Epig. 191.

Scaevola Samarthanus, a learned French Poet.

He hath published Poems and Elogies of the learned Frenchmen.

Stephanus Paschasius in the 4 ^th Book of his Epigrams, hath these Verses to him.

         Seu Latios scribas, seu Gallos
         
          Scaevola
         
         versus;
        
         Nil Latia, aut majus Gallica terra tulit.
        
         Roma suum jactet, miretur Gaul nostrum:
        
         Cur ita? pro patria vovit uterque manum.

Rob. Sanderson, A Learned School-Divine of our own.

He hath put out divers English Sermons, and a learned Treatise De Iuramento.

Gaspar Sanctius, A Learned Spaniard.

He hath put out Commentaries,

In Ruth, Ezram, Neh. Esther.

In quatuor libros Regum.

In librum Job.

In Prophetam Isaiam.

In Jeremiam.

In Ezech. & Dan.

In Prophetas minores.

In Zachariam.

Antonius Sanderus.

He hath written,

Elogia Cardinalium Sanctitate, Doctrina, & Armis illustrium.

De Scriptoribus Flandriae.

Hagiologium Flandriae.

De Gandavensibus Eruditionis fama claris. l. 3.

Gandavum, sive de Antiquitatibus.

De Burgensibus eruditionis Fama claris. l. 2.

De Claris sanctitate & eruditione Antoniis, l. 3.

Nic. Sanderus.

There are divers Works of his,

De visibili Monarchia.

De Clave.

De Iustificat. contra Colloquium Altenburg.

De honoraria adorat. Imaginum.

De schismate Anglicano.

And several English Books.

Hugo Sanfordus.

He hath written a learned Book De descensu Christi ad inferos.

Jacobus Sannazarius, or Accius Sincerus, a Learned Poet.

Inter poetas primum locum obtinuit vir eximius. Cujus ingenium monumenta non vetusta non oblivio delebit ulla, ut ex tot Regum triumphis haud paullo clarior, quam ex unius hominis doctrina, atque ingenio, Parthenope sit futura. Manut. Praefat. in Sannaz.

He put out a famous Poem De partu virginis in quo de perfection poëseos videtur cum antiquis decertare. Boissardi Bibliotheca. He was Virgilii aemulus.

There is this Epigramme of Cardinal Bembus upon his Sepulcher at Naples.

Da sacro cineri flores, hic ill Maroni

Syncerus musâ proximus, ut tumulo.

Sappho Lesbia a woman, so called from the place of her birth, viz. the Isle of Lesbos.

She lived 515. years before the birth of Christ, one of the first which practiced the science of Poetry.

The Romans erected a Statue of Porphiry richly wrought in memory of her. She was very expert in the composition of Lyrick Verses. She invented also a sort of Verses called Sapphick from her name.

Alex. Sardus.

He hath written a Book

De moribus & ritibus gentium.

Erasmus Sarcerius, a learned Divine. He was born Anno 1500.

His several Works are mentioned by Boissard, and many of them in Oxford Catalogue.

Io. Sarisburiensis.

There is his Metalogi • us.

Polycraticus, sive de nugis Curialium.

Epistolae.

Adam Sasbout Professor of Divinity at Lovain.

Docent duo interpretes scripturarum accuratissimi, Cornelius Jansen, & Adamus Sasbout. Bellarm. Recognit. operum de summo Pontifice.

Hieronymus Savanarola of Ferrara, by profession a Dominican, a famous Preacher, An. 1499. he was burnt.

Being a Monk in Italy, and singularly well learned, he preached sore against the evil life of the spiritualty, and specially of his own Order, complaining sore upon them, as the Authors of all misehiefs and wickedness. Whereupon by the help of certain learned men, he began to seek Reformation in his own Order. He threatened Italy with the wrath and indignation of God, and prophesied before unto them, that the Land should be overthrown for the pride and wickedness of the people, and for the untruth, hypocrisy and falsehood of the Clergy, which God would not leave unrevenged, as afterward it came to pass, when Charles the French King came into Italy and to Rome, and so straitly beset the Pope Alexander, that he was forced to make composition with him. Foxes Act and Monum. Vol. 1. p. 596.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard▪

Sir Henry Savil, a great Mathematician, and expert Grecian.

He was skillful in the Greek and Latin, and most of the Liberal Arts.

To whom Oxford is beholding for her Mathematick Professors, the Christian world for Chrysostom and Bradwardine His putting forth Chrysostom cost him 8000 pounds.

Nil oriturum aliàs, nil ortum tale fatemur, said Marcus Velserus a learned Germane of that Work.

Vir acerrimi judicii, & ob editum Chrysostomum perennis gloriae Henricus Savilius. Meibomii Praef. ad Gaudent. Harmon, Introduct.

Scaligeri utrique.

Both the Scaligers, Julius Caesar Scaliger, and Joseph his son were excellent Scholars and famous Poets.

Andrew Melvin hath these Verses of them,

          Scaliger
         
         aut pater, aut proles si carmina dictat;
        
          Scaligero
         
         solus
         
          Scaliger
         
         apta cannot.
        
          Scaligero
         
         patri par nemo, simillima proles,
        
         Tam patri similis, quam pater ipse sibi.
        
          Scaliger
         
         aut pater, aut proles, ambo unus, in uno aut
        
         Est pater in nato, aut in patre natus erit.

CHAP. XII.

JUlius Caesar Scaliger was thirty years old before he fell to study, yet was a singular Philosopher, and an excellent Greek and Latin Poet.

Vossius calls him Naturae miraculum. Instit. Orat. l. 1. c. 3. sect. 1. & ibid. l. 1. c. 5. sect. 2. he saith thus, Vir ill nunquam sine laude dicendus, vir ad unguem factus. Voss. Instit. orat. l. 4. c. 11. sect. 3. Summus profecto veterum censer, ac deliciae omnium, quorum interest vacare Musis. Voss. Institut. orat. l. 5. c. 13. sect. 1. Yet elsewhere he taxeth him for being much beholding to an author in his Exercitations, whom yet he never mentions, and for his too much contradicting of Cardane.

In his Exercitations he opposeth Cardan too much; Idque non tam eruendae veritis studio, quam ut effraeni desiderio suo satisfaceret, cum illis omnibus congrediendi, quos suo tempore, literarum eruditionumque Principes haberi cognoverat. Na • daei de Cardano. Iudicium. Vide plura ibid.

So in his Commentaries upon Aristotle de Animalibus, he inveigheth against Theodore Gaza a most innocent and learned man.

Lipsius highly admires him, Tres sunt quos admirari unice soleo, & qui in hominibus excessisse mihi humanum fastigium videntur, Homerus, Hippocrates, Aristoteles, sed addo hunc quartum (viz. Julium Scaligerum) qui natus in miraculum & gloriam nostri aevi. Lips. Epist. Cent. 2. Epist. 44. Jano Dousae filio.

Ne vir sim ego, si acutius aut capacius ingenium inter homines fuit ab illo ipso Juliano aevo. Lipsius De Rect. pronunc. Latina Linguae c. 7.

Vir stupendae eruditionis, & quo Sol doctiorem vix illuxit alterum. Meibomii Maecenas c. 4.

Vir quo superiorem antiquitas vix habuit, parem certe haec aetas non vidit. Thuan. Hist. Tom 1. l. 21. Vide plura ibid.

Joseph Scaliger, one of the great lights of France and Holland too.

In antiquos scriptores nimium petulans & protervus. Montac. Exercit 2. sect. 10.

For variety of Learning and skill in the Oriental Languages (besides his acuratenesse in Chronology) he exceeded his Father.

Julius Scaliger vir incomparabilis nisi Josephum genuisset. Meric. Casaub.

Dictator eruditorum. Dilher. Dispute. Acad. Tom. 1. Flos isle illibatus Musarum. Casaub. Epist.

Senatus Critici princeps - Voss. Institut Orat. l. 4 c. 19. sect, 5.

Is juvenis quanta sit eruditione & judicio, quaque in vetustis scriptis conferendis industria, & abstrusa sensibus eruendis acumine, monumenta ab eo edita testantur. Buchan Rerum Scot. Hist. l. 2.

In the first Volume of the Lord of Plessis his Lettres & Memoires, Casaubone relating to him Scaligers death, saith, This loss of so learned a man, wrought in him an incredible grief, and that he for his particular had lost another Father, and saith, That he had the honor to be loved by him, and that he much honored him according to his merit, and adds, That those which of late have so calumniated him, will not spare now to reproach him much more; but (saith he) he will not want such as will vindicate him, Dum quidem literis melioribus suus honor stabit.

Monsieur Du Plessis likewise condoles with him in so great a loss, and saith, That Scaliger indeed made one of the integral parts of the better Learning of this Age, but (saith he) he was aged, and therefore to have lived longer would have been but a burden; and he doubts not likewise but the Jesuits would insult over this dead Lion, but it makes for Scaligers honor (quoth he) to have such Adversaries, Ut omnis boni osores, ita & omnibus exosos. And I assure myself, that when they shall attempt it, they shall not do it impune, as long as you shall live, which ought therefore to redouble your courage, that so Christianity may find a supply of the other want in your increased abilities, as Physicians say, when one eye is lost, the other sees the better.

Thuanus honourably mentions him in his History and in the first Book of his Commentaries De vita sua, saith he, continued in a league of friendship thirty eight years, and adds, Eaque re, quam sibi ab improbis hominibus exprobrari & vitio verti intellexit, in sinu gaudet, & palam gloriatur, tantaque ex recordatione ejus nunc etiam voluptate perfunditur, ut contumelias, convitia, calumnias, & pericula & incommoda ab injusto illorum odio, si Deo placet, ob id profecta, si detur optio, tam dulcis & honestae tamque eruditae consuetudinis amissione aut etiam oblivione nolit redimere. Et hoc ist is pro omni ad illorum virulentiam responsione dictum cupit. And adds, That in all that while in which he was acquainted with him, he never heard him dispute of the controverted points of Religion, or that he knew was he accustomed to write to others about them, Neque vero (saith he) nisi provocatus de iis nec nisi invitissimus disserebat; and concludes thus, Quasi vero extra Religions caussam non multa praeclara & supra captum, quantum ad literas, humanum in ea admiranda essent, quae bonus quisque ab eo cognoscere & doceri merito cuperet, & propter tam raras in eum à Deo cumulatas dotes non ipse observari ac praecipua veneratione à bonis quibusque mereretur.

Desiderius Heraldus seems to question his Book De re nummaria, cum libellus post ejus obitum editus sit, nec ab eo ante recognitus. Animadversion. in Salmas. Observat. ad Ius Att. & Rom. l. 2. c. 20. Eusebii Chronica castigavit notisque illustravit, quibus nihil hic sol videt eruditius. Voss. De Hist. Graec. l. 2. c. 17.

Chr. Scheiblerus. He wrote,

Opus Logicum, compendium Philosophia Metaphysica cum additionibus. T. Barlow.

Will. Schickardus, a great Linguist.

There are his, Horologium Hebraeum.

Bechinath Happeruschim.

Institutiones Hebraeae.

Ius Regium Hebraeorum.

Epitome Bibliorum seu Eclogae sacrae, and his Tarich Regum Persic.

Valentine Schindler, singularly skilled in the Hebrew and the Oriental Tongues.

He wrote, Lexicon Pentaglotton.

Martinus Schoockius. He is Professor of Logic and Physic in Groning.

He hath published these Works

De bonis Ecclesiasticis.

Accurata de reip. Belgicae faederata descriptio.

With several other Works.

Caspar Schoppius.

He and Andrew Schoppius are good at railing.

He hath written sharply against Joseph Scaliger, styling his Book

Scaliger Hyperbolimeus.

He hath published also other Works.

Cornelius Schonaeus, a Poet of a most elegant wit. His holy Comaedies (entitled Terentius Christianus ) which are commonly used, show that.

And. Schottus, a most learned and candid Jesuit.

He hath written Notes upon Seneca, and several other Works.

Io. Duns Scotus, a learned Englishman, and the wittiest of all the Schoolmen, An. Dom. 1300.

He wrote at Oxford in Merton College upon the four Books of the Sentences, whence his Work is called Scriptum Oxoniense.

If I must ache anything in this part of Philosophy on trust, I confess Scotus his credit will go as far with me, as any man that ever writ, not guided by an unerring infallible spirit. M ^r Baxter's Friendly Accomod.

He being sick of an Apoplexy was buried before he was dead.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

An ancient Poet composed these two Verses of him,

Doctor subtilis, nomen subtilia donant,

Quem vestis vilis, pes nudus, corda coronant.

Johannes Scotus Erigena, an Irishman, for Ireland is called by the Inhabitants Erin. Balaeus saith, he was King Alphreds Master, An. Dom. 850.

He was many years before Duns Scotus. Vide Voss. De vitiis Sermons, lib. 3. cap. 8.

Johannes Scotus a famous Countryman of ours, wrote a Book of the same Argument, and to the same effect that Bertram had done, viz. of the Sacrament. This man for his extraordinary Learning was in England (where he lived in great account with King Alfred ) surnamed John the Wise, and had very lately room in the Martyrology of the Church of Rome, though now he be ejected thence. B. Ush. Answ. to the Jes. Challenge.

He is described to be of a sharp wit, of great eloquence, and well expert in the Greek Tongue, pleasant and merry of nature and conditions, as appeareth by divers his doings and answers.

First, He coming to France out of his own Country of Scotland (so saith M ^r Fox ) by reason of great tumults of war, was there worthily entertained, and for his Learning had in great estimation of Carolus Calvus the French King; whom he commonly and familiarly used to have about him, both at Table, and in Chamber.

Upon a time the King sitting at meat, and seeing something (belike in this John Scot ) which seemed not very courtly, cast forth a merry word, asking of him, What difference there was betwixt a Scot and a Sot? Whereunto the Scot sitting over against the King, somewhat lower, replied again suddenly, rather then advisedly, yet merrily, saying, Mensa tantúm, that is, the Table only: importing thereby himself to be the Scot, and so calling the King a Sot by craft.

Another time the same King being at Dinner was served with a certain dish of fish, wherein were two great fishes, and a little one. After the King had taken thereof his repast, setteth down to Johannes Scotus the foresaid fish to distribute unto the other two Clerks, sitting there with him: which were two tall and mighty persons, he himself being but a little man. Johannes taketh the fish, of the which, the two great he taketh and carveth to himself; the little fish he reacheth to the other two. The King perceiving his division thus made, reprehended the same. Then Johannes, whose manner ever was to find out some honest matter to delight the King, answered to him again, proving his division to stand just and equal: For here (saith he) be two great, and a little, pointing to the two great fishes and himself: and likewise here again is a little one, and two great, pointing to the little fish, and two great persons: I pray you (saith he) what distribution can be more equal? Whereat the King with his Nobles being much delighted, laughed merrily.

He was impiously murdered and slain by his Scholars with their pen-knives at Malmesbury.

D ^r William Sclater, a learned School. Divine.

There are several Works of his published,

Utriusque Epistolae ad Corinthios Explicatio.

An Exposition with Notes upon the second Epistle to the Thessalonians.

On two Chapters of the Romans.

Of Tithes.

Sermons, and other Tracts.

Carolus Scribanius a Jesuit, under the name of Clarus Bonarscius, (which is an An agram to his name) made four Latin Books, which he entitleth Amphitheatrum honoris, horroris he might have said.

That he was the Author of that Book, appears both by an Epistle of Andreas Schottus the Jesuit, whose Antograph is yet kept, and also by the Catalogue of the Writers of that Society published by Ribadeneira at Antwerp, in which it is expressly mentioned, that Carolus Scribanius was the Author of the four Books of the Amphitheater of honor.

He saith there, That all those who adhere not to their holy Society, are no better then Calvinists.

Sed omittamus Amphitheatralem istum sciptorem, melioris omnis doctrinae pus atque venenum. I • . Casaub. ad Front. Duc. Epist.

Pet. Scriverius.

He hath written learnedly on Martial.

Tot ac tanta sunt quae tu in eo praestitisti, ut praedicationem meam longe supergressa sunt. Equidem Belgii nostri fortunae gratulor, penes quos servati Martialis gloria est. J. Rutgersius Scriverio.

Anna Maria à Schurman, a very learned and also pious woman, whom Spanhem calls Ultimum naturae in hoc sexu conatum, & decimam Musam.

She hath put out

Opuscula Hebraea Graeca, Latina, Gallica, Prosaica & Metrica.

In the third Edition of which Book, and the end of it, there are divers Elogia of her by many learned men.

Bartholomaeus Scultetus, a great Mathematician.

Abraham Scultetus, a most eloquent Preacher and learned Divine.

He hath written Medulla Theol. Patrum in four Volumes.

Exercitationes Evangelicae.

Deliciae Evangelicae Pragenses.

In Epistolas Pauli ad Timotheum duas, Titum & Philemonem.

Annalium Evangelii Decas 1 ^a & 2 ^da .

De curriculo vitaesive de actionibus Pragensibus, cum aliis.

De Imaginibus Idololat sermo.

Scultetus Orthodoxus, seu responsio ad Theses de Imaginibus.

CHAP. XIII.

CAelius Sedulius Scotus, Anno Dom. 490. 430. saith Barclay.

Sedulius Presbyter, vir quidem ill doctus, & in sacris literis interpretandis exercitatus. Rivii Reg. Angl. in Hibern. defense▪ adversus Analecten. l. 2. Vide R. Episc. Usser. De Brit. Eccles. primord. c. 16.

John Selden a learned Lawyer of the Inner-Temple.

He got his great knowledge in the Oriental Languages after he fell to the study of the Law.

Some like his Marmora Arundeliana, some his Books concerning the Jewish Rites and Customs, others much commend his Titles of Honor; but I must confess myself to be most taken with that De Diis Syris, wherein he opens many places of Scripture. Others, I believe also are of the same judgment.

He is honourably mentioned by many outlandish men.

He wrote in all his Books 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , above all Liberty, to show, that he would examine things, and not take them upon trust.

Nicolaus Selneccerus Doctor of Divinity and Professor of the same in the University of Lipsia.

He wrote this Distich for himself,

Quid sum? Nil. Quis sum? Nullus, sed gratia Christi,

Quod sim, quod vivo, quodque labor, facit.

His many Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Philosopher, was born a little before the death of Augustus Caesar.

The divine Moralist, he is a great reprover of vices, he was the Prince of the Stoics, who were the strictest of the Heathen Philosophers. Morum Apelles ill singularis & Censor. Scriv. Animadv. in Mart▪ l. 10.

He was Nero 's Schoolmaster, who was a young Prince of great hope, and in youth he shown himself gentle, tractable, obeying his Schoolmasters instructions, who delighted to manure this plant, hoping all the world should have joy of him.

He had an excellent memory.

He was too covetous, which caused his death.

Seneca the Tragic Poet.

This and the former Seneca and Lucan the Poet were born at Corduba in Spain.

Duosque Senecas, unicumque Lucanum.

Facunda loquitur Corduba. Mart. Epig. l. 1. Ep. 29.

Sixtus Senensis.

He is commended by Bellarmine, l. 1. De verbo Dei for a singular Divine, and by D ^r Stapleton Doct. Princ. for one writing most accurately of the Scripture.

Doctissimus & sagacissimus veterum Scriptorum Censor. Savil. Not. in Chrysost.

Vir doctissimus, prodigiosae lectionis & industriae. Montac. Exercit. 5. sect. 4.

Immensi laboris scriptor, diligentiae stupendae, lectionis variae, & eruditionis admirandae. Id. Exercit. 5. c. 3.

Dan. Sennertus, a learned Physician.

There are his

Institutiones Medicinae.

Io. Genes. Sepuluenda Cordubensis, A grave learned Historian, sometimes Chronicler to Charles the fifth.

Nic. Serarius a good Hebrician.

Hebraearum antiquitatum callentissimus vir, utinam paulo modestior. Montac. Exercit. 3. sect. 2.

He hath written a Commentary on Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Esther, the books of the Kings and Chronicles, the Canonical Epistles.

Opuscula Theologica.

Prolegomena in universa Biblia.

Disputatio de loco Paradisi.

Baronius called him Ecclesiae Germaniae jubar.

Servius, a most learned Grammarian.

He hath commented excellently on Virgil.

Sulpitius Severus, after Tertullian, of the same standing with Augustine, Epiphanius and Chrysostom, a Writer for skill in the Persian story, deserving great commendation, and to the true understanding of Ezra, and Nehemiah, and Daniel's Weeks, bringeth such light, as is not in any ancient Writer that I have read to be found the like. Livelies Chronology of the Persian Monarchy.

Robert Sheringham.

He hath put out a Thalmudical book of Sacrifices.

D ^r Richard Sibbes, a grave and solid Divine.

Famous for his piety, learning, devotion, and politenesse of his two genuine writings, The bruised Reed, and Souls Conflict.

Sir Philip Sidney, a learned Gentleman, and of Oxford.

He married the sole daughter and heir of that worthy Statesman Sir Francis Walsingham.

Of whom I may say, as Agustine did of Homer, that he is very sweet and delightful even in his vanities. Yet he was not so fond of his Arcadia as the Bishop Heliedorus of his amorous book, for he desired when he died (having first consulted with a Minister about it) to have had it suppressed.

Lipsius dedicates to him his Dialogue De Recta Pronunciatione Latinae Linguae, and hath this passage in his Epistle, O Britanniae tuae clarum sidus, cui certatim lucem affundunt virtus, Musa, Gratia, Fortuna.

Sigebertus Monachus Gemblacensis Natione Gallicus, Anno Dom. 1100. 1056. Helv. Chron.

Sigebert Monk of Gemblaux wrote his Chronicle and other Histories in the seventh Age.

Carolus Sigonius, a most accurate Writer.

Erroribus Livii exhauriendis bonam fidelemque navavit operam vir eruditissimus Carolus Sigonius: quem ego: & antiquitatis peritissimum, & bonorum scriptorum intelligentissimum, & eruditissimum nominare merito possum. Turneb. Advers. lib. 11. cap. 18.

Silius Italicus. Vossius De Poetis Latinis, c. 3. gives the reason why he was called Italicus.

Jacobus Silvius, a learned man and great Physician, but very covetous.

Buchanan made these Verses of him,

Silvius hic situs est, gratis qui nil dedit unquam,

Mortuus & gratis quod legis ista, dolet.

Ios Simlerus.

He expounded the Scriptures with a great commendation in his own Country. De Republica Helvetiorum, praecipuam laudem meretur. Melchior Adam.

Voetius much commends his Epitome Bibliothecae Gesneri cum supplemento usque ad annum 1570, quo studiosi (saith he) carere non possunt. Voet. Biblioth. Studiosi Theol. l. 2.

There is in Oxford and Zion Library an Edition of Gesners Bibliotheca, viz. 1583. wherein there is the Appendix both of Simlerus and Johannes Jacobus Frisius. In the Title are these words, Opus non Bibliothecis tantum publicis privatisve instituendis necessarium, sed studiosis omnibus cujuscunque artis aut scientiae, ad studia melius formanda utilissimum.

Simonides, An ancient Greek Poet.

There are his

Carmen Gr. & Elogia de vanitate vitae.

Simplicius.

The Prince of Philosophers in his time.

These of his Works are published,

A Commentary on Aristotle's Predicaments.

And on other Books of his.

And on Epictetus his Enchiridion.

Gabriel Sionita, A great Linguist.

There is his

Geographia Nubiensis, ex Arabico in Latinum versa.

Jacobus Sirmondus, a Learned French Jesuit.

There is his

Eucharisticon, pro Adventoria de Regionibus & Ecclesiis suburbiciariis.

Censura conjecturae Anon. Scriptoris de suburbicariis regionibus & Ecclesiis.

Propempticum Cl. Salmasio, adversum ejus Eucharisticon.

And other Works.

Io. Sleidanus.

He hath by his Commentary of the state of Religion got himself a great reputation, it being translated into divers Languages, Germane, French and Italian. The Latin is very elegant.

There are Orations 2.

De quatuor Imperiis.

De Capta Buda.

Henricus Smetius.

He was learned in many Languages and Arts, but especially in Philosophy, History and Physic.

His Prosodia Nova was much liked, and printed nine times, Hoc opus ejus majore studio quam judicio collectum est. Scriv. Animadversion. in Mart. l. 6.

Erasmus Schmidt.

There is a Greek Concordance of his published, and a little Book De Dialectis Graecorum.

Miles Smith Bishop of Gloucester, and one of the Translators of the Bible.

There are Learned Sermons of his.

Sir Thomas Smith Secretary to Queen Elizabeth.

He hath published these Works,

De recta linguae Gr. pronunciatione.

De recta linguae Anglicae scriptione.

De Republica Anglorum.

Rodolphus Snellus, a most excellent Mathematician.

He was Professor of the Mathematics in Holland his own Country.

He was most skillful in Greek and Hebrew.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Willebord. Snellius Son to Rodolphus.

He hath put out

Cyclometricus.

Doctrinae Triangulorum Canonicae. lib. 4.

Hassiacae observat. Coeli & Syderum.

Erhardus Snepsius, Anno Christi 1495.

His mother being a pious woman, consecrated this her eldest Son (as Hannab Samuel ) to God and Divinity.

Theodoricus Snepsius, Anno Dom. 1586.

His Comentaries upon the Prophet Isaiah are mole parvi, eruditione magni. Other Works of his are also published,

In 44. postremos Psal Davidis.

CHAP. XIV.

LAelius Socinus Senensis natus. Anno 1525.

Calvin in his Epistles writes to one Lelius Sozinus an Italian (who seemed to doubt of the Resurrection of the body) I suppose it is the same Lalius Socianus.

He carried the matter with such a cleanly conveyance, that he was scarce taken notice of, though he received some checks and admonitions, yet most men thought charitably of him, during his life, his black designs were not fully discovered till after his death.

Faustus Socinus the Nephew of Laelius was born in the year 1529. He had more subtlety then learning.

He wrote a Book about the Authority of the Scripture, in which he doth slily pervert the Scriptures, and lay a ground for all his heretical blasphemies.

Marianus Socinus a learned Lawyer.

Several Works of his are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Socrates Scholasticus, Anno Dom. 440.

He wrote from the time of Constantine the Great Emperor unto the Empire of Theodosius the younger, a Volume of Ecclesiastical History, and an Epitome of the affairs of Rome.

Socrates, Theodoret and Sozomen composed a History, Epiphanius Scholasticus translated these three into Latin ( Aurelius Cassiodore requiring it) and called the whole Book from these three Historians, The Tripartite History.

C. qulius Solinus Polyhist. Anno Dom. 68. Helv.

Julius Solinus Plinii simiolus, vel verius Compilator. Lud. Viv. de tradend. Disc. lib. 4.

Georgius Sohnius, George Sohn Doctor of Divinity in Heildeberg.

Sophocles, Anno Dom. 3486.

How much Virgil esteemed him, he shows sufficiently in his Eclogues,

Solo Sophocleo tua carmina digna Cothurno.

Tully in his second Book De Divinatione, calls him a Divine Poet.

Dominicus Soto, A Spanish Divine of great fame.

None of those Divines (who were at the Council of Trent ) were more learned then those three of Spain Andradius, Vega, Dominicus à Soto.

Hermias Sozomen.

He lived under Theodosius the younger, and dedicates his Ecclesiastical History, consisting of nine Books to him.

Frederick Spanheme, a learned and pious Divine.

His Dubia Evangelica, Chamierus contractus, exercitationes de gratia universali, his Epistle to Buchanan of the English Controversies, and to Cottierus of the reconciliation of Universal Grace, show his great abilities.

Aelius Spartianus. He lived in the time of Diocletian.

There is his History of divers Emperors before his time.

Sir Henry Spelman, a learned and painful Antiquary.

De prisca literatura been meritus. Olaus Wormius.

His Book De Conciliis is well-liked, and for our English Ecclesiastical Antiquities held the best.

Edmund Spencer, the Prince of Poets in his time.

His Monument stands in Westminster -Abbey, near Chaucers, with this Epitaph,

         Hic prope
         
          Chaucerum
         
         Situs est
         
          Spenserius,
         
         illi
        
         Proximus ingenio,
        
         Proximus ut tumulo,
        
         Hic prope
         
          Chaucerum
         
          Spensere
         
         Poeta Poetam
        
         Conderis, & versu,
        
         Quam tumulo propior,
        
         Anglica te vivo vixit,
        
         Plausitque Poesis;
        
         Nunc moritura timet,
        
         Te moriente, mori.

He wrote many Poems in English which are printed together in one Volume.

He wrote a Book also of the State of Ireland, and a Dialogue in prose between Eudoxus and Irenaeus.

Ad. Spigelius, a learned Physician.

There are these Works of his

De humani corporis fabrica.

Isagoge in rem herbariam.

De formato foetu cum figuris & arthritide.

Io. Stadius, A great Mathematician.

Sir William Stamford.

Sometimes of Grayes-Inn, a man excellently learned in the Common-Laws.

He wrote a Book in the Common-Law of the Pleas of the Crown, and the Prerogative of the King. Sir Edw. Cooks Pref. to his tenth Rep.

Richard Stanihurst, a learned Irish Papist, bred up in the University of Oxford.

His Works are these,

Catena Dialectica in Porphyrianas institutiones, which he wrote in Oxford, and published when he was eighteen years old.

De rebus Hibernicis, l. 4.

A Description of Ireland in English.

Hebdomada Mariana.

Hebdomada Eucharistica.

Virgil in English.

And Praemonitio pro Concertatione cum Jacobo Usserio.

He was brother to Bishop Ushers mother.

Thomas Stapleton, a learned Englishman. The famous Professor of the University of Lovain. He died Anno Dom. 1598.

His Relectio Principiorum fidei doctrinalium, is much commended.

Papin. Statius, a good Poet.

Doctor Joshua Stegman.

He usually calls the Socinians, Photinians, and therefore entitles his own book Photinianismus.

Didacus Stella.

John Ferus and he were two of the most famous Popish Preachers.

Aug. Steuchus Eugubinus a good Grecian.

His Works are in two Volumes in Zion College Catalogue.

Godeschalcus Stewichius.

He hath written

De particulis Linguae Latinae.

Henricus Stephanus.

There were four Stevens Frenchmen, Henry the Father, and Robert his Son, thirdly Henry Roberts Son, and Paul the Son of that Henry, all learned, and Printers.

Robert Stevens the Printer at Paris.

Secundum Aldum Manutium Romanum, qui Venetiis, & Joannem Frobenium, qui Basileae eandem artem summâ laude exercuerunt, clarissimus, quos ill longo spatio supergressus est, acri judicio, diligentiâ accuratâ, & artis ipsius elegantiâ: cui ob id non solùm Gaul, sed universus Christianus orbis plurimum debet. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 1. l. 23.

He not only printed, but made excellent Works himself.

His Thesaurus linguae Latinae never had its fellow.

Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque commends him and this Work, Dictionarium, seu Latinae linguae thesaurus, non singulas modo dictiones continens, sed integras quoque Latin & loquendi & scribendi formulas: ex optimis quibusque Latinae linguae scriptoribus. Opus excusum Parisiis apud authorem, divisum in Tomos tres, anno 1542. Gesner. Biblioth.

Henry Stevens.

His Thesauri linguae Graecae, and his other Works, show his great abilities.

Scaevola Samarthanus in his second Book of Epigrams, hath these Verses, In Gellii Noctes Atticas ad H. Stephanum.

Quis Stephanum esse neget Phoebi de semine cretum?

Obscuris adfert noctibus ill diem.

Henry Stevens, Roberts Son, made also the Greek Concordance.

Stephanus Stephanius.

Io. Stobaeus.

There be his

Loci Communes.

Eclogae Gr. & Lat.

Sent. Gr. & Lat.

D ^r Thomas Stoughton, a learned and pious Divine.

There are

Sermons of his in his younger years.

His form of sound words, with the Righteous man's plea to true Happiness.

Heavenly Conversation.

Strabo that faithful Historian and Geographer.

He lived in the time of Augustus and Tiberius.

He hath written seventeen Books of Geography, in which all Nations with their deeds, the mountains, seas, limits of all parts of the world, which came to his knowledge in his time, may be seen as in a glass.

Walafr. Strabo, Anno Dom. 840. a great Scholar.

He hath written De rebus Ecclesiasticis.

Strabus Monachus Fuldensis.

Praecaeteris celebratur Glossa Ordinaria in Scripturam universam. Vossius De Poetis Latinis. c. 6.

He first of all collected the Gloss (which was afterward called Ordinary) upon the Bible out of the sayings of the Fathers, some afterward enlarged it by adding sentences of the Fathers.

Famianus Strada, a famous Orator, Poet and Historian.

There are his

Orationes variae, ad facultatem Oratoriam, Historiam, Poeticam spectantes.

And his Belgic History.

Streso, a learned Divine.

His Meditatio Theologica de usu & abusu rationis in interpretandis & aestimandis rebus & scriptures divinis adversus Socinianos & novos Weigelianos, and his Comment upon some part of the Acts are commended.

Victorinus Strigelius, Anno Christi 1524.

His chief Work was his Hypomnemata in utriusque Testamenti libros, which he finished a little before his death.

Codicis sacri partem maximam Commentaries, haud prolixis, sed nec infructuosis prorsus tamen, strictim illustravit. Cl. Gatakeri Cinnus c. 2.

Kyriacus Strozza, a great Philosopher.

Peter Bembus and Jacobus Sadoletus speak of him in their Epistles, Flaminius Nobilius in his Commentaries upon Aristotle's first Book De ortu & interitu, Theodorus Zuingerus in Prolegom ad Polit. Arist.

Laurentia Strozza was his Sister.

Fratrem habuit Kyriacum Strozzam, nobilem Peripateticum, qui utrum sorori, an sor • r ipsi, maius lumen ac decus attulerit, incertum est adhuc; ita in vario laudis genere uterque pari inter se gloria certant. Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca.

Io. Guliel. Stuckius .

Casaubone Epist. 353. to Stuck • us, commends his learned laborious Work, entitled Antiquitates Convivales.

De quibus omnibus omnium eruditissime doctissimus & stupendae lectionis vir Johannes Stuckius in explicatione doctissima in Periplum Erythraei maris sive rubri Ariani historici Graeci & Philosophi doctissimi. Neand Geog. part. 2.

Johannes Sturmius , Anno Christi 1507.

He is styled by Grynaeus Christianus noster Theophrastus. See in his first Book of Epistles, ninth Epistle a comparison between them.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Jacobus Sturmius . He was born at Argentorate Anno Christi 1490.

Thuanus much commends Jacobus Sturmius Tom. 10. Hist. l. 12. and calls him the ornament of the Germane Nobility.

Tres ei virtutes praeter eximiam verecundiam praecipue tributae sunt: orationis, doctrinae & prudentiae. Melch. Ad. in ejus vit.

Fr. Suarez.

His Metaphysical Disputations are much esteemed by some.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue and Appendix.

C. Suetonius Tranquillus, a very faithful Historian.

He lived in the times of Trajan and Hadrian.

Auctor Emendatissimus & Candidissimus, & cui familiare sit, amare brevitatem. Voss. De Histor. Lat. l. 1. c. 31. ex Vopisco.

Soudas, Anno Dom. 1250.

Erat Soudas non admodum vetustissimus Grammaticus, nullius judicii, doctrinae autem mediocris. Montac. Exercit. 7. Sect. 1.

Matthew Sutlive, a great Writer of our own, who hath written many things against the Papists in Latin and English. Most of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Some commend that Book of his styled,

The Practis • , Proceedings and Laws of Arms, described out of the doings of most valiant and expert Captains.

Eman. Suyvo.

Fran. Swertius, a learned Writer.

There are his

Athenae Belgicae.

Liberatae urbis deliciae.

Epitaphia Ioco-seria.

12 Caesarum Imagines & Historica narratio.

Rogerus Swinset, or Suisset, a famous English School-Divine, of Merton College in Oxford. Anno Dom. 1350.

Baleus reckons up his Works. Some of them are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Hic scripsit Ephemeridas in art Cabalistica, & calculationes Astronomicas admirandae perfectionis. Wolf. Lect. Memorab. Tomo 10.

Caspar Schwenckfeldius, an Heretic.

These Works of his are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue,

Stirpium & Fossilium Silesiae Catalogus.

Thesaurus Pharmaceuticus.

Therio trophaeum Silesiae.

Frid. Sylburgius. He helped Henry Stevens much in his Treasure of the Greek Tongue.

Vir Greece doctissimus. Meibomii Maecenas, c. 26.

Fuit vere vir eximius, humilis, industriae incredibilis, candidus & apertus. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Symmachus.

He is eloquent in his Epistles. Vide Camer. Medit. Hist. Cent. 3. c. 56.

That saying is often cited out of him, Servanda est tot seculis fides, & sequendi sunt nobis parents, qui sequuti sunt feliciter suos. Epist. l. 10. Ep. 54.

Michael Syncellus, Anno Dom. 890.

There is of his

Libellus de vita Ignatii Patriarchy Constantinopolitani Gr. & Lat.

Synesius Cyreneus, Anno Dom. 410.

A learned Philisopher at the first, and afterwards a worthy Father of the Church.

Synesius is a man well known among Scholars. He was made Bishop against his will, for his great fame and worth, a better Platonist then found Christian. D ^r Casaub. of Enthus. ch. 3.

Gul. Symsonus.

He hath written,

De Accentibus Hebraeis.

Edward Symson likewise is a learned man, who wrote Chron. Cathol.

The End of the Fifth Book.

THE SIXTH BOOK. Of such as were Famous for ZEAL IN THE True RELIGION, Or in any Kind of Learning.

CHAP. I.

T

C Ornelius Tacitus. Maximus prudentiae magister, & sincerus humanarum actionum arbiter.

He hath a singular style both in respect of his words, and the contexture and form of them.

Philippus Beroaldus Tacitum typis excusum primus Orbi dedit. Chistetii Anastasis Childerici Reg. c. 19.

His History and Annals are translated into English by S ^r Henry Savill.

Some prefer his History before his Annals.

Tadaeus , seu Thadaeus, Florentinus.

He taught Physic at Bononia amplissimo honorario, and with such an opinion of all men, that he was extolled in those times for a second Galen.

His Works are mentioned by Castellanus de vitis Medicorum.

Audomarus Talaeus, Professor of Eloquence at Paris.

There are his

Rhetorica.

Pr • fatione Epistolae & Orationes ejusdem praelect. in Cic. Porphyr. & Arist.

Talmud.

As if you should say Doctrinale, in which the Jews have made as it were their Canon Law, and their Divinity out of the sentences and examples of their ancient Doctors, after the same manner that Peter Lombard the book of Sentences, and Gratian the Decrees among the Papists. That work was first begun as the Jews themselves, Masius, Genebrard and Petrus Galatinus have recorded, within two hundred years from the Nativity of Christ, although it was long after finished, at least the Babylonian Talmud, for the Talmud of Jerusalem was sooner published. See Buxtorfs Bibliotheca concerning the Editions of these two Talmuds.

There are two parts of the Talmud, the Mischna containing the Text of the Talmudical Law. This came out about the year of Christ 150. This was read, explained and disputed in the Academies of Jerusalem and Babylon. Those disputations and the decisions of them were called Gemara. So of the Mischna and Gemara came the Jerusalem Talmud Anno Christi 230. But the Babylonish Talmud more perfect and copious, finished about the year of Christ 500.

L' Emperor hath written a Book, which he entitleth Clavis Talmudica.

Vide Seldenum De Iure Naturali & Gentium, l. 1. c. 2. p. 34, 35.

Ruardus Tapperus.

Charles the fifth Emperor, and Philip the King of Spain, sometimes the Pope himself required his pains and industry.

There are his

Opera Theologica.

Io. Tarnovius.

A learned Lutheran, as his Exercitationes Biblicae, and Commentaries on the small Prophets show.

Paulus Tarnovius, he hath written well on John.

Alex. Tartagnus, a learned Italian Lawyer.

Tatianus Alexandrinus, Anno Dom. 180.

There is his

Oratio contra Gentes.

Harmonia Evang.

Fridericus Taubmanus, a learned and pious man.

There are his

Schediasmata Poetica.

Melod • sia, sive Epulum Musaeum.

Commentariolus posthumus in Moretum incerti authoris.

His Commentary on Plautus and Virgil.

John. Taulerus, a Preacher of Argentine in Germany, Anno 1350. He taught openly against all men's merits, and against Invocation of Saints, and preached sincerely of our free Justification by grace.

Francis Taylor, A learned Linguist, and worthy Divine of the Assembly at Westminster. He and D ^r Boot wrote

Examen Praefationis Morini.

In Biblia Graeca de Textus Ebraici corruptione, & Graeci authoritate.

He hath put out other Works himself.

Tractatus de Patribus Rabbi Nathan.

Pirke Aboth, Capitula Patrum, and other Works.

D ^r Thomas Taylor, a solid and judicious Divine.

There are divers useful Treatises of his published,

A Comment on Titus, the twelfth Chapter of the Revelat.

A Book in Folio containing divers Tracts.

And other Treatises, mentioned in the late Catalogue of Divinity-Books.

Sir William Temple, a learned Gentleman, and great Ramist.

There is his

Analysis Logica 30 Psalmorum.

Scholia upon Ramus his Logic.

And other Works.

Io. Temporarius, a miracle in nature, if that be true which is reported of him. He was made Knight by Charles the Great in the fifteenth year of his Age.

He hath written Chron. demonstrate.

Publius Terentius.

Terence.

Erasmus somewhere saith thus of him, Plus est exacti judicii in una Terentianâ Comaediâ, (absit Nemesis dicto) quam in Plautinis omnibus.

Tully ad Atticum quotes Terence to justify his own Latin.

Tertullian. He was born in Carthage a famous Town in Africa, Anno Dom. 200.

The ancientest of the Latin Fathers.

He was expert both in Greek and Latin, was a great Philosopher, Lawyer, would dispute well, was eloquent in writing.

When the Christians were vexed with wrongs, and falsely accused of the Gentiles, Tertullian taking their cause in hand, defendeth them against their persecutors, and their slanderous accusations.

Cyprian Bishop of Carthage so esteemed his writings, that he read somewhat in them every day, and called him his Master, he would say to his servant, Da Magistrum, that is, Tertullian.

Jerome also commends him much in his Apologetical Book against the Gentiles.

Some much commend his Apology, Heraldus and others have commented on that.

Others his Book De pallio, Junius and Salmasius have written upon that.

Libellus mole exiguus, sed dignitate grandis, ut qui maxim. Jun. in Epist. ad Not. in Tertul. lib. de Pallio.

He was a Montanist, and a Millenary.

Scis quam durus sit & asper sermo Tertulliani: Certe stridet magis, quam loquitur. Calv. Epist. N. S. p. 373. See in Minutius Felix.

Tertullianus perturbatissime loquitur ut Afer. Ludov. Viv. de trad. discip. l. 3.

Testamentum Novum.

There is Testamentum Graecum cum notis Stephani, Scaligeri, Casauboni.

Testamentum Graecum Latinum interpret. Bezae.

Testamentum Novum opera Eliae Hutteri 12 Linguis.

Testamentum Novum Arabice, ex Editione Thomae Erpenii.

Testamentum Novum Syriace sed Charactere Hebr. cum interpret. Imman. Tremellii

Testamentum Novum Greece ex editione Rob. Stephani.

Testamentum Novum Germanice per Mart. Lutherum.

Testamentum Novum Anglice cum notis Rhemensibvs.

CHAP. II.

JO. Ravisius Textor was born at Nevers in France.

A certain Frenchman called Textor writeth a Book which he named Ossicina, wherein he weaveth up many broken ended matters, and sets out much r • ff raff pelsery, trumpery, baggage and beggary ware, clampard up of one that would seem to be fitter for a shop indeed, then to write a Book. Aschams Toxophilus, pag. 26.

Themistius a wise man and great Philosopher.

All his Works are in one Volume.

Themistocles. Plutarch writes his Life.

Theocritus, a famous Greek Poet.

There are his

Ioyllia & Epigrammata.

Theodoret Bishop of Cyrus in Syria, Anno Dom. 430.

He propounded Chrysostom as his worthy pattern, in forming his style of writing, and by this means he proved so fluent and eloquent, full of grace and learning in his Works. The Lives of the Primit. Fathers.

He hath written part of the Ecclesiastical History, and other Works.

Theodotio Ponticus. He hath turned the Old Testament into Greek.

Theon, a great Mathematician.

He hath written in Greek upon Aratus, Euclid, Ptolemy. Exercitationes Rhetoricae, Gr. Lat.

Theophanes.

There are his

Hymus in Deiparam.

Oratio Gr. & Lat. ante exaltationem crucis.

Theophilus Antiochenus, Anno Dom. 170.

He hath written upon the four Gospels.

Against the calumniators of the Christian Religion.

Philippus Theophrastus . He was so called from his divine speaking, before he was called Tyrtamus. He is the only Greek Writer of Characters.

Art an sort datum Theophrasti sit tibi nomen;

Nescio: divino nomen ab eloquio. Steph. Paschas. Icon.

He was one of Aristotle's own Disciples, and succeeded him in his School: much commended by him: an excellent Philosopher certainly by those Works of his (not the twentieth part of what he had written) that remain to this day. D ^r Casaub. of Enthus. c. 3.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Theophylact Archbishop of Bulgaria, Anno Dom. 930. Calvis. 912. Helv.

Others say 1070, 1071. saith Baronius.

He is the Epitomator of Chrysostom.

Andrew Thevet, the King of Frances Cosmographer. He hath written an universal Cosmography in French in two Tomes in Royal-paper, it came forth Anno 1575. in which he doth not only rehearse what he learned from the books of others but what he himself had seen by travelling almost over the world, and by viewing all the Seas. So that some think, there is nothing more learned, and more orderly disposed, published in that kind. Thuanus and Casaubone slight him.

He hath written also

Les Vies des hommes illustres, the Lives of illustrious men in French, in a great Folio, with their Pourtraicts.

Herbert Thorndike, a learned Divine. His Works are commonly known.

Jacobus Augustus Thuanus, a most faithful Historian, and the chief of those of this last Age. President of the Parliament at Paris.

He writes a History of things done throughout the whole world from the year of Christ incarnate 1545, even to the year 1608, in a most elegant style.

Incomparable Monsieur De Thou, who is a glory to the Romish Synagogue itself, and whose History the most exact and excellent that ever was written by a human pen, ought always to be dear to the Christian world. Sir Simonds D' Ewes his Primitive practice for preserving Truth. Sect. 16.

His History and other Works are in four Volumes in Folio.

Thucydides. Historicorum omnium qui in Greece floruerunt longe clarissimus. Naudaeus De Studo militar • . l. 1.

A most famous Historian, both for his eloquence and faithfulness.

The beginning, continuance and end of the Peloponnesian war is most exactly described by Thucydides an Athenian Gentleman, the Penner thereof, who flourished in that time, and saw the war with his eyes, from the beginning to the end; yea was a chief Captain therein, a Writer for certain truth of History, and perfect reckoning of time most excellent, and of such account in the Ages following, that even the best followed him, and gave credit to him. Demosthenes the famous Orator of Athens, took pains to copy out his Books eight times with his own hand, as Lucian reporteth. Livelies Chronology of the Persian Monarchy.

Multum fidei, si quis alius scriptor hic meretur. Nam & egregium veritatis in eo studium elucet, & illa scripsit, quibus interfuit. Voss. De Hist. Graec. l. 1. c. 4. Vide plura ibid.

Tibullus, a most elegant Poet.

Daniel Tilenus, a learned man, but inconstant, he fell off from us to Arminianism.

He hath written Notes and Observations upon Bellarmine's Disputation, De Christo Capite. And on his Book De Summo Pontifice, and his Book De verbo Dei.

Parenaesis ad Scotos.

Amica collatio Tileni & Cameronis, de Gratia & voluntatis humanae concursu. Dispute. de Antichristo.

Consideratio sent. Jac. Arminii de Praedestinat. gratia Dei, & Libero Arbitrio.

Syntagma Disputationum in Academia Sedanensi.

Andreas Tiraquellus. He is styled by Conradus Ritterhusius, Varro ill Gallicus.

He hath written well upon Alexander ab Alexandro his Book Genialium dierum, what Alexander hath written briefly and without mention of Authors, he hath illustrated with his Commentary, and shown to whom he was beholding for what he had.

Jacobus Tirinus, a learned Jesuit, he hath commented on all the Scripture.

CHAP. III.

FR. Toletus, a learned Cardinal and Jesuit.

Beza much commended his Commentary on John to Casaubone, as Casaubone relates in his Epistle to Fronto Ducaeus, and deservedly saith he, Nam in ejus scriptis quae legi, cum excellent rerum Philosophicarum & Theologicarum notitia, par erat modestia; quae judicio meo tum in alio quovis scriptore, tum in Theologo potissimum, laus est vel praecipua.

He hath commented also upon Luke, on the Epistle to the Romans.

And put out several other Works.

Cardinal D'Ossat in the second Book of his French Letters saith, When he perceived himself near death, he sent to the Pope then to desire his holy Benediction, as it is the custom of people of quality when they find themselves in such extremity: and his Holiness (saith he) without an example of the like in our time, went from his lodging to give it him in person, and stayed with him about half an hour, comforting him, and weeping bitterly, and in the end taking his leave of him, he kissed him in the forehead, and after his death, caused him to be buried with great and public solemnity.

Jacobus Philippus Thomasinus.

There are his

Elogia virorum doctorum Italiae.

And Laurentii Pignorii Bibliotheca & Musaeum.

Georgius Tompsonus.

George Thompson.

Vir egregie doctus gente Scoto-britannus mihique obtulit recens à se Londini editum libellum. Opus est sane non ineruditum, & quod arguat scriptorem multae lectionis: nisi quod supra modum modestiae effervescit, quo nomine etiam serio reprehensus est ab Heroe Scaligero. Baud. Epist. Cent. 2. Ep. 56. Vide etiam Epist. 91.

That Book is his Vindex veritatis adversus Iustum Lipsium.

He hath put out another Work, entitled, La Chasse de la Beste Romaine.

Cuthbert Tonstall Bishop of Durham, famous in those times for Learning and integrity of life.

He hath written

De veritate Corporis & Sanguinis Domini in Eucharistia.

De art supputandi.

In Ethica Aristotelis Synopsis.

Torquatus Tassus, a learned Poet.

Aug. Torniellus, a learned and diligent Italian Historian.

There are his

Annals sacri ab orbe condito ad Christi passionem in 2 Tomes.

Levinus Torrentius.

Episcoporum superioris seculi doctissimus. Meibomii Maecenas c. 12.

He hath published a learned Commentary upon Suetonius his Caesar's, upon Horace, a work De bello Turcico.

He was a great Poet, Efferant Bembos, Pontanos, Flaminios Itali, attollant caeteri suos. Nos Torrentium, vel ipsorum Italorum judicio, Lyrici carminis post Horatium principem laudemus, qui perennis perpetuique torrentis instar, sacra carmina ad extremam usque aetatem mira ubertate profudit. Aub. Mir. Elog. Belg.

Johannes Tortellius.

He hath written

De Orthographia.

Dan. Tossanus.

He hath written upon Jeremiah's Lamentations, divers parts of the New Testament, and several other Works.

Synopsis de Patribus quo tempore vixerint, quantum eis deferendum, qua cautione legendi.

Paul Tossanus.

He hath written

Index in S. Biblia part. 2.

De vita & morte Joh. Buxtorfii.

Georgius Trapezuntius.

He was born in Crete, but took his name from Trapezunte a City in Cappadocia, because his Fathers stock came from thence, a most learned Interpreter of the Greek and Latin Tongue.

He died very old at Rome, Et literarum penitus oblitus.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard.

Walter Travers, a learned and pious Divine.

There are his

Vindiciae Anglicanae Ecclesiae, or, A Justification of the Religion now professed in England.

His Answer to a supplicatory Epistle of G. T. for the pretended Catholics, written to the Right Honorable Lord's of her Majesty's Privy-Council.

Lucas Trelcatius. He was Francis Junius his Colleague, and had one son of his own name.

He was wont to call John Mercer and Peter Ramus, honoris causa his masters.

He was in England a long time and taught School.

There is his, Locorum Communium Sacr. Theol. Institut.

Immanuell Tremellius.

He hath put forth a Commentary on Hosea. A Chaldee and Syriac Grammar.

He professed Hebrew at Heidelburg, where he turned the Syriac Interpretation of the New Testament into Latin, and afterward with the help of Junius he translated all the Old Testament out of Hebrew into Latin, and illustrated it with most learned Notes.

Iac. Triglandius. There are his

Dissertatio de civili & Ecclesiastica potestate.

Meditationes in opiniones variorum de voluntate Dei & gratia universali & de scientia media.

Io. Trithemius, Anno Dom. 1462. Calv. Chron.

He was a subtle Philosopher, an ingenious Mathematician, a famous Poet, a complete Historian, a very eloquent Orator.

He was very skillful in Magic, Michael Rothardus in his Cr • x Saulitica, p. 70. tells a notable Story of him. Vide Naudaeum de Studio militari. l. 1. p. 425, 426.

He hath written

De Scriptoribus Ecclesiasticis.

De viris illustribus ordinis S. Benedicti.

Epistolae familiares.

Opusc. quaedam Theologica.

And many other Works.

Mart. Trostius.

He hath put out

Novum Testamentum Syria▪ Latinum.

Lexicon-Syriacum.

Adrianus Turnebus the King of France his Professor of Philosophy and Greek in Paris.

Grande nostri seculi ornamentum. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 35.

He was admirable both in the Greek and Latin Languages, and in knowledge of all Antiquity, as his Books entitled Adversaria do evidently testify.

Illa aeternitate digna Adversaria. Thuan. Hist. Tom. 2. l. 36.

Utinam non tanta brevitate in suis Adversariorum libris esset usus. Paulo enim luculentior & plenior quorundam locorum explanatio & majorem illi eperi gratiam laud • mque conciliasset, & lectori multo magis satisfecisset. Henr. Stephani Pseudo Cicero.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones, saith thus of him,

Quicquid in arcano condebat avara vetustas,

Turnebus tacitis eruit e latebris.

He hath mended Pliny's Preface to his Natural History by ancient Copies, and added Annotations upon it.

He hath commented also upon Horaces first Book of Verses, and upon his obscurer places.

Benedict. Turretine, a learned Frenchman.

These Books of his are published in the French,

Defense de la fidelite des traductions de la S. Bible faictes à Geneve.

Recheute du Jesuit Plagiaire.

Profit des Chastiments.

Franciscus Turrianus, Famous in Theological Antiquities, and for his skill in the Greek and Hebrew Languages.

Many of his Works are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue and Appendix.

Jacobus Tusanus, a singular Grecian.

D ^r William Twisse, a learned Divine of our own, famous beyond Sea for his excellent writings against the Arminians.

Vindiciae Gratiae, Potestatis ac Providentiae Dei.

Dissertatio de Scientia media contra Penottum, Suarez, &c.

Animadversions ad Arminii Collationem cum Junio & ad Corvini defense. sententiae

Arminianae contra Tilenum.

And many English Tracts that way also.

Pontus Tyardaeus Bissianus Episcopus.

Many of his Works are mentioned by Ludovicus Jacobus.

De Claris Scriptoribus Cabiol • nensibus, and his French Works by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

I find in Oxford Catalogue Tyard.

Discours 1587. Philosophiquez.

William Tyndale, an exile for his Religion, and a Martyr under Charles the fifth.

He was brought up from a child in the University of Oxford, where he by long continuance grew up, and increased as well in the knowledge of Tongues, and other liberal Arts, as specially in the knowledge of the Scriptures, whereunto his mind was singularly addicted: Insomuch that he lying then in Magdalene -Hall, read privily to certain Students and Fellows of Magdalene -College some parcel of Divinity; instructing them in the knowledge and truth of the Scriptures. Whose manners also and conversation, being correspondent to the same, were such, that all they that knew him, reputed and esteemed him to be a man of most virtuous disposition, and of life unspotted. Fox. Act. and Monum. vol. 2. p. 361, &c.

He translated the New Testament into English, and five Books of Moses. He wrote also divers other Books, which are all published in one general Volume, as also the Works of John Frith and Barns.

He was put to death in Flanders at Filford Anno Dom. 1536. crying thus at the Stake with a fervent zeal, and a loud voice, Lord open the King of England's eyes.

He is drawn with a Bible in his hand, and this Distich,

Hac ut luce tuas dispergam Roma tenebras,

Sponte extorris ero, sponte Sacrificium.

CHAP. IV.

V

JOach Vadianus, the chiefest Cosmographer of his time.

Qui tam foelix est in describendis regionibus, ut non scribere, sed pingere videatur.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones, and many of them in Oxford Catalogue.

Matthaeus Vayerius, a learned and eloquent Frenchman, but a patron of Pelagianism.

He hath put out a French Book De virtute Ethnicorum.

Petrus Valadanus. P. de la Vallada, a learned French Minister.

He hath put out

Apology pour l' Epistre de messieurs les Ministres du S. Evangile de l' Eglise de Paris.

Greg. de Valentia, a very learned Jesuit.

He hath written

A Commentary in summam Aquin. Tom. 4.

De rebus fidei controversis.

Apol. de Sacrificio.

A Bookseller seeing him pass by one day, said, Hic est ill, q • i suis libris, saepius impressis, bibliopolas plures, magnas ad divitias opesque perduxit. Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca secunda. Vide plura ibid.

Valerius Maximus.

His History is a good Book for Themes.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these Verses of him,

Et brevitas, & me vary comme • dat acumen:

Haec Emblemata tu vermiculata p •••• s

Laurentius V • lla. Proprietatis Latini sermonis 〈◊〉 . Scriv. in Mart. He was a Senator of Rome.

The Prince of Grammarians in his Age. Trithemius calls him Theolog ••• praestantissimum, a most excellent Divine.

He preferring Latin eloquence before the Greek, hath composed many things for its ornament, though he was most skillful both in the Greek and Latin Languages.

Carpis majores, & te quoque, Valla, minores

Carperis, & carpis, sic tu • fata ferunt. Voss. De Construct. cap. 16.

De Latini sermonis elegantia scripsit elegantissime. Erasmus De Ration Studii.

Quintiliani in primis admirator simul & imitator: maledecus alioquin in omnes.

One made this Distich of him being dead,

         Ohe ut
         
          Valla
         
         silet, solitus qui parcere nulli est.
        
         Si quaeris quid agat, nunc quoque mordet humum.
        
          Volat.
         
         Comment.
         
          Urban.
         
         lib. 21.

There are two witty Epigrams made of him, the one by way of censure, viz. this,

         Nunc postquam manes defunctus
         
          Valla
         
         petivit,
        
         Non aend
         
          •
         
         t
         
          Pluto
         
         verba Latina loqni.
        
          Jupiter
         
         hunc Coeli dignatus honor fuisset;
        
         Censorem lingua sed timet esse suae.

The other by way of Commendation, thus

         Fatales post quam soluit
         
          Laurentius
         
         annos,
        
         Extimuit tantum Rhetora
         
          Pluto
         
         n
         
          •
         
         oens.
        
          Jupiter
         
         hunc sacro non dedignatus Olympo,
        
         Fac
         
          •
         
         ndo Maiae praeposuit genito.

There is this Elogy also of him,

La • reus Valla jacet, Romanae gloria linguae;

Primus enim docuit, qua decet art loqui.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones.

Cypriar de Valera, a Spaniard, who was B. Welch of Ireland's Tutor, turned Protestant, and was here in England, and carried over into Spain the Bible translated into Spanish, and also Calvin's Institutions, and went and dispersed them there.

He is called in Oxford Catalogue Cypriane •• Valeriola; There is a Book of his there mentioned De la Missa, and others in Spanish.

Lucas Valerius.

For his admirable skill in the Mathematics, he deserved to be called the Archimedes of his age.

He put out a •••• De centro gravitatis solidorum.

He taugh • the Mathematics long in Rome, especially Geometry.

Henr • Valesius.

He hath put out Notes on Ammianus Marcellinus, and on Excerpta de P • lybio.

Franciscus Vallesius, a most learned Spanish Philosopher.

He was Professor of Physic in Academia Complutensi.

He wrote his ten Books, in which he explains the more difficult controversies of Physic and Philosophy.

Opus eruditi judicii, quamvis id Iuvenis admodum scripsit, ut testator, lib. 5. c. 6. nec animo vnlgandi. Castellanus De vitis medicorum.

He wrote Commentaries upon Hippocrates his Book, De morbis popularibus.

Upon his Aphorisms, and his Book De ration victus inacutis.

Marcus Varro.

He was so esteemed for his excellent Learning, as Tully himself had a reverence to his judgment in all doubts of learning.

If his Books had remained to posterity, as by God's providence most part of Tullius did, the Latin Tongue might have made good comparison with the Greek. Asch. Schoolmaster part. 2.

His Life was spared in civil dissensions for his incomparable Learning, Vivat Varro doctissimus Romanorum.

He is often styled Doctissimus Togatorum, and Romanorum doctissimus, by Sene • a Consolat. ad Helv. and Quintilian. l. 10. c. 1.

His Etymologies are somewhat forced. Sed Varro more suo anxie Etymologias Comminiscitur. Jos. Scaliger. Conjectan. in Varr. De Lingua Latina.

Nam Varro in Etymologiis Varro non videtur: itaque & à Quintiliano merito ridetur. Manut. Epist. l. 3. Epist. 23.

Gabriel Vasquez, the Papists most expert Schoolman.

Franciscus Vatablus.

Regius Professor of the Hebrew Tongue in Paris.

His Notes (if they be his) upon the Bible are well liked.

John Udall a learned and pious Divine.

He hath put out a Translation of Martinius Hebrew Grammar, with a short Dictionary, and a praxis upon certain Psalms, and a Commentary on the Lamentations.

Divers Sermons of his are mentioned by Maunsell in his Catalogue of English Books.

Nic. Vedelius, a learned Writer, as his Works show.

Rationale Theologicum.

De Deo Synagogae.

De prudentia veteris Ecclesiae.

De Arcanis Arminianismi.

Panacea Apostasy bono constantium & lapsorum praescripta.

Andr. Vega , one of the learnedst at the Council of Trent.

He hath put forth a Defense of the Council of Trent concerning Justification.

Flavius Vegetius.

He hath written De re militari.

Scriverius and Godeschalcus Steuuechius have put forth Animadversions on him.

Marcus Velserus, Illud Margaritum Germaniae suae. Pignor. Symb. Epistol. Epist. 13.

He going into Italy published Antiquitates Augustana, Felix famae surgentis auspicium & pium. Exinde aliis atque aliis ad unguem factis monumentis obligavit sibi rem literariam. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

He mentions there his several Works.

Marce Velsere. Te fortem, pium, beatum, Coelo receptum si lugeamus nefas. At publica damn • publicam jacturam, nisi lugeamus quantum nefas? Tibi religio, cui tu patronus, pietas, cui tu vindex, studium boni & aequi, cui tu assertor nuper fueras certatim funus ducunt. Dicunt tuas laudes uno ore modestia, candor, ingennitas. Te Germania sidus suum sibi extinctum, Te Italia alumnum suum sibi ereptum, justissimi • fletibus conqueruntur. Subeunt feretrum tuum Fama per te constantior, Honos per te illustrior, virtus per te nobilior, Gloria per te solidior. Fuisti enim & tecum una fuerunt deliciae, lepores, veneres sobriae & castae eruditionis, vis doctrinae, pondus sapientiae, quae tu alio migrans tecum extulisti omnia. Laur. Pign. Miscella Elog. Adelamat. &c.

Venantius Honorius, Clementianus Fortunatus Italus, Anno Dom. 580.

One calls him Scholasticissimum.

He hath written

Upon the Lord's Prayer, and Apostles Creed.

Divers Poems.

Claud. Verderius, the great Censurer.

The Title of his Book is,

In Auctores pene omnes censiones & corrections.

CHAP. V.

PAulus Vergerius, an eloquent Lawyer and Phlosopher.

The Bishops of Rome, Clement and Paul used his service in Germany. He was in high favor with King Ferdinando, so much that when his daughter Katharine was born, Vergerius and George Marquess of Branderburg, and John Archbishop of Lunden were her Godfathers at the Font. But after he revolted from the Bishop of Rome by a wonderful occasion, when he was sent for to Rome from the Conference of Wormes, which was in the beginning of the year 1541.

The Pope going about to make new Cardinals, appointed him also among others. But there were some which privily whispered in his ear, that he was now through much familiarity with the Germans become a Lutheran. After that Vergerius had heard this by Cardinal Ginueius, unto whom the Pope had told it, he was marvelously astonished. And to the intent he might purge himself, he goeth home into his Country, and beginneth a book, which he entitled, against the Apostates of Germany.

And whilst to confute their Arguments, he turneth over diligently the books of his Adversaries, and pondering deeply their reasons: He feeleth himself taken and vanquished. Then casting away all hope of his Cardinalship, he goeth to his brother John the Baptist Bishop of the City of Pole, and reciting the whole matter, asketh his counsel. His brother being afraid at the beginning, lamenteth his case much. But after he was persuaded by him to apply himself to the searching of the Scripture, and had considered diligently that Article of Justification, comparing the sentences together, he giveth place, and judgeth the Bishop of Rome's Doctrine to be false. Whereupon they rejoiced together. And as the duty of Bishops is, began to instruct the people in Istria, and preach diligently the benefit of Christ employ'd upon mankind, and declare what works God requireth of us, to the intent they might call men again to the true Religion.

Jacobus Verheidenus.

That Book of his is of good use.

Effigies & Elogia Theologorum qui Romanum Antichristum praecipue oppugnarunt.

Andreas Vesalius.

He was born at Brussels in Brabant Anno Christi 1514. A famous Physician. He professed Anatomy at Basil, Padua, and almost in all the Universities of Italy.

He wrote Opus admirandum, De humani corporis fabricâ: in which he so expressed all its members in figures, that he even seems to expose them to view, and this he put forth at 28 years, Et sane opus illud De corporis humani fabricâ, certissimis demonstrationibus aptum, & gravissimo dicendi genere conditum, robusti ingenii divinum vigorem, eruditionemque pertinaci studio auctam longe, lateque ostentat. Castellani vitae Illust. Medic.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Sextus Aurelius Victor.

A most elegant Historian, who lived under Constantius and Julian.

There is his

Origo gentis Rom.

De viris illustribus.

De Caesaribus.

Histor. Augustae Epitome, which was rather another's of the same name.

Hugo de S. Victore.

His Works are in three Tomes.

Many of which are mentioned in the Oxford Catalogue.

Richardus de S. Victore.

He flourished in the time of Hugo de S. Victore about the year 1130. and lived in the same Monastery with him.

His Works are extant in two Tomes, and many of them mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Fr. à Victoria, Professor at Salamanca.

Clenard in his second book of Epistles, pag. 241, 242. makes honorable mention of him, Ignorat Salmantica (saith he) quem possideat thesaurum in nostro Victoria, gratulentur sibi Dominici monasteria, quod tale decus meruerunt.

So called from Victoria a Town of Cantabria in Spain.

There be his

Relect. Theologicae.

Summa Sacramentorum Ecclesiae.

Victorinus Afer, Anno Dom. 270. There are these Works of his

Adversus Arianos.

De Trinitate Hymni tres.

De Macchabaeis fratribus.

Liber contra Manichaeos.

Item de principio diei.

Petrus Victorius, a singular Grecian.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Marcus Hieron. Vidas.

He so excelled in Poetry, Ut proxime ad Vergilianam excellentiam illum pervenisse omnes judicent: Cujus rei insigne testimonium praebet insigne illud; & nunquam satis laudatum opus Christiad • s: Poema proculdubio, quod tam materia, quam compositione & stylo debet merito praeferri caeteris omnibus scriptis, quae à nostri saeculi Poetis melioribus tradita sunt: Continet enim vitam Christi ac gesta libris 6. Scripsit & eadem felicitate De art Poetica, lib. 3. Boissardi Bihliotheca. Vide plura ibid.

Franciscus Vieta, a learned French Mathematician.

There are his Opera Mathematica. Vol. 2.

Relatio Calendarii vere Gregoriani, cum aliis opus • .

Universalium inspectionum ad Canonem Mathemat. lib. singularis.

De Aequatione recognitione & emendatione.

Nic. Vignerius, a learned French Historiographer.

There are To 3. de la. Bibliotheq. Hist. and other Works of his.

Nic. Vignerius, Son to the other, a learned Divine.

He hath published an excellent Treatise in French, styled, Theatre de l' Antichrist, and a Dissertation in Latin of the Excommunication of the Venetians against Cardinal Baronius.

And Theses of the Satisfaction of Christ, which Rivet highly commends, and annexeth unto his own Disputations.

Io. Bapt. Villalpandus , A learned Divine and Mathematician▪

He hath written well upon Ezekiel.

Arnaldus de Villa-novax , or Villa-novanus. There is a Town in Catalouia in Spain, which is called Villa-nova.

His several Physical Works are mentioned by Castellanus, De vitis Medicorum.

Longolius commends Simon Villa-novanus. Longolius Epist. lib. 3. Octaviano Grimoaldo hath this passage of him, Non dici potest quam de Villanovano laborem: nec co tam amicitia nostra, quae quidem summa est, adductus moveor, quàm humanitate & naturame • , qui tam praeclarum ingenii lumen tam misere extingui doleam. Otium illi ad aliquot annos est opus, non quo vel cum Budaeis, vel cum Erasmis nostris, quos jam elegantia dicendi & subtilitate vicit, sed cum veteribus illis aliquando contendat. See also there several Epistles of his to Baptista Egnatius, wherein he commends him.

Alexander de Villa Dei.

Loquendi quondam magister singularis habebatur. Ram. Orat. Refor. Par. Acad.

Laurentius Villa-vincentius a Spaniard.

He wrote a Book De recte formando Theology studio, which he took from Hyperius, who wrote of the same Argument, viz. De ration studii Theologici.

So Solinus takes all he hath from Pliny. Vide Salmos. Prolegom. in Solinum.

Vincentius Belluacensis seu Bellovacensis.

He made four Tomes, and gave them the name of a Glass,

Speculum Historiale, l. 32.

Speculum Naturale, l. 33.

Speculum Doctrinale, l. 13.

Speculum Morale, l. 3.

Vincentius Lirinensis, Anno Dom. 430.

He writes against the Pelagians and Nestorians.

Scripsit opusculum parvum mole, sed virtute maximum. Bellarm▪

Vossius Hist. Pelag. lib. 1. cap. 9. reckons him among the Semi-Pelagians, and thinks his Commonitorium was either written against Agustine himself, or those at least who followed Augustine's opinion concerning Predestination. Et forte (saith he) hac ratio est, cur nomen suum praeterierit, quod adversariis illis suspectum esse sciret. Nam sub Peregrini nomine commonitorium suum edidiss • , ex Praefatione cognoscimus.

Petrus de Vineis.

He hath written Epist. l. 6.

Elias Vinetus, a most learned and eloquent man, he hath written a Commentary and illustrations upon Ausonius.

A Preface and Annotations on Persius. Upon Aurelius Victor.

Antonius Viperanus.

There is an Oration of his at the funeral of the Emperor Charles the fifth.

A Work Describenda Historia.

And other Works.

CHAP. VI.

PEt. Viretus, an eloquent French Divine, whom Calvin desired for his Colleague.

His French Books are mentioned by Antoine du Verdier in his Bibliotheque.

Virgilius, a Bishop in Bavaria, much renowned for his Piety and Learning, being seen in all Sciences, especially in the Mathematics, was condemned for an heretic, for affirming that there were Antipodes.

Polyd. Virgilius, or Vergilius, a man not much to be trusted for his relation of English affairs.

Vir multis nominibus clarissimus. Lel. Comment. in Cygneam cantion • m.

Utinam Polydorus tam oculatus fuisset testis in rebus Britannicis, quam interim est tersus, nitidus, elegans. Nae ill tum exegisset opus immortalitate plane dignissimum: modo & eadem opera cognitionem utriusque linguae, videlicet Britannicae, & Saxonicae tanquam ad coronidem adjecisset. Id. ibid. Vide plura ibid.

Publius Virgilius Maro, the • tately Poet. Lilius Gyrald and Politian write him Vergilius .

Some compare him with Homer, nay prefer him before him; others style him Homer in Latin.

This was said upon the coming forth of Virgil's Aeneads.

Cedite Romani scriptores, cedite Graii,

Nescio quid majus nascitur Iliade.

He set this Distich upon the Palace-gate of the Emperor Augustus,

Nocte pluit tota, redeunt spectacula mane,

Divisum imperium cum Jove Caesar habet.

As much to say, God showeth his power by the night rains, Caesar his magnificence by the pomps of the day.

These two Verses were very well liked, and brought to the Emperors Majesty, who took great pleasure in them, and willed the Author should be known. A sausie Courtier pretended to be the man, and had a good reward given him, for the Emperor himself was not only learned, but very munificent toward all learned men. Virgil seeing himself by his overmuch modesty defrauded of the reward, which an impudent person had gotten by abuse of his merit, came the next night, and fastened upon the same place this half Metre, four times iterated, thus

         Sic vos non vobis.
        
         Sic vos non vobis.
        
         Sic vos non vobis.
        
         Sic vos non vobis.

And there it remained a great while, because no man wist what it meant, till Virgil opened the whole fraud by this devise. He wrote about the same half Metres this whole Verse hexameter,

Hos ego versiculos feci tulit alter honores.

And then finished the four half Metres, thus

Sic vos non vobis	Fertis aratra boves.
Sic vos non vobis	Vellera fertis oves.
Sic vos non vobis	Mellificatis apes.
Sic vos non vobis	Nidificatis ave • .

And put to his name Publius Virgilius Mar • .

This matter came by and by to the Emperors ear, who taking great pleasure in the devise, called for Virgil, and gave him not only a present reward, but also held him ever after upon larger trial he had made of his Learning and Virtue in so great reputation, as he vouchsafed to give him the name of Amicus, which among the Romans was a great honor and special favor.

He made a Talisman, or brazen Fly, which he set upon one of the gates of the City Naples. which for the space of eight years kept all manner of Flies from coming into the City. Gaffarels Unheard of Curiosities, Part. 2. Chap. 7. See more there.

The purity of his style and conceptions is generally known, and the purity of his manners, was once admired by those of Naples, which for this reason commonly called him Parthenius.

Virgilius Latinae linguae columen vocatur à Servio: & Cicero, cùm jam senex in hujus adolescentis opusculum incidisset, de illo sic fertur augurasse: Magnae spes altera Romae. Campianus de Imit. Rhetor. c. 3.

Vitae, Lives.

Diogenes Laertius hath written the Lives of the Philosophers in two Books.

There are the Lives of the Fathers illustrated with Notes by Rosweyde the Jesuit.

There are the Lives of many famous Romans, written well by Plutarch.

The Lives of Sophisters . written by Eunapius.

There are the Lives of the Popes, written well by Platina.

Vitae & res gesta Pontificum Romanorum S. R. E. Cardinalium, ab initio nascentis Ecclesiae usque ad Urbanum 8 ^um , by Ciaconius.

The Lives of the Germane Divines, Lawyers, Physicians and Philosophers, written by Melchior Adam.

The Lives of Cardinal Contarenus and Bembus by John Casa.

The Life of Pinellus. written by Paulus Gualdus.

Of Cardinal Pool, written by Dudithius.

The Life of Calvin, written excellently by Beza, and the Life of Galeacius Caracciolus, written first in Italian, and translated into Latin by Beza, and into English by M ^r Crashaw.

Of Jewel, by D ^r Humfrie.

Of Whitaker, by Abdias Asheton.

Of Whitgift, by Sir George Paul.

Of Bernard Gilpin, written by Bishop Carleton.

Of Sadeel, by Lectius.

Of Gesner, by Simler.

Of Bellarmine, by Fuligat, in five Books.

Junius hath written his own Life, Buchanan his, Carda • his.

And so hath Thuanus his in six Books.

Sir Thomas Bodlie also wrote his own Life, and Bale.

Io. Annaeus Viterbiensis.

A Monk by profession, who lived some two hundred years ago, having attained to more then ordinary knowledge both of the Tongues and Histories, applied himself by his knowledge and proficiency, not to help, but to cheat the world. To that end he counterfeited divers ancient Historians of best note and greatest antiquity, as Berosus, Manetho, Catonis Origines, and the like, which had not been heard of in many ages; and wrote Comments upon them, these passed so current for a long time, that even to this day (though descried by divers learned men of all Nations and professions) many can scarce persuade themselves, that so many fine titles and shows should be but a piece of juggling.

Scaliger in his Elench Orat. Chronol. Parei calls him Fanaticum Dominicanum. And elsewhere in that Book he saith, Ut doctior videatur, mendacia sua authoritate priscorum auctorum firmare conatur. Propterea commentus est Myrsilos Xenophantas De aequivocis, Metasthenes, & alios nescio quos, qui aut non fuerunt, aut ea non scripserunt, quae planus ill eos scripsisse mentitur.

Got fridus Vitehergensis.

He was learned in the Hebrew, Greek, Chaldee, and Latin Tongues, and many vulgar ones.

He got himself a great name by his universal Chronicle, which because it contains a History of all Princes, and they are styled God's in Scripture, he named it Panth • on.

Vitellio. He hath written excellently on the Opticks.

Jacobus de Vitriaco, Anno Dom. 1220.

There is his

Praefatio in Historiam Orientalem. Historia Hierosolymitana, five Orientalis.

Ric. Vitus Basingstoch.

Hist. l. 8. cum Notis antiquitatum. And other Works.

Io. Lud Vives. Louis Vives.

At the entreaty of Cardinal Wolsie, leaving his own Country he came to Oxford, where being incorporated Doctor of the Civil Law, he continued in Corpus Christi College, whose Learning grew so famous, that not only many of the University, but of the Court would flock thither to hear him read the Greek Lecture in Corpus Christi College Hall, King Henry the 8. sometimes.

Si Latinae Linguae puritatem excipias, been literatus. Steph. Epist. Dedicat. ad Aul. Gel. Noct. Attic.

Ulphilas. He lived under Valens the Emperor about the year of Christ, 380.

He was not Literarum Danicorum inventor, as some say, Olai Wormii Literatura Danica c. 6. & 20.

Ulpian, a great Lawyer.

There are his

Tituli.

Gisbertus Voetius.

A learned Dutch Divine, Professor of Divinity at Utrect.

His Bibliotheca, and his Book De Desperata Causa Papatus, are very well esteemed.

His Selectae Disputationes Theologicae, both first and second Part are of good use.

Raph. Volaterannus, Anno Dom. 1500.

Stephanus Paschasius in his Icones hath these Verses of him,

De Volaterrano paucis, sic Lector habeto,

Ille sui Plinius temporis alter erat.

Melchior Volmarus, Beza 's Master.

He was most studious of Elegancy in the Latin Tongue, so skillful in the Greek, that he affirmed before his Duke of Wittenburg, Malle se causam in foro Gaece quam Germanice agere, quamvis ea lingua sibi vernacula esset, yet he was so modest, that though he excelled in writing Greek and Latin, yet he published nothing but a very elegant Preface to the Greek Grammar of Demetrius Chalcondylas.

Conr. Vorstius. He was learned but Heretical.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Gerard John Vossius.

Professor of Eloquence, Chronology, and the Greek Tongue at Leiden, and Prebend of Canterbury in England.

He was an excellent Grammarian, and general Scholar.

One of the greatest Lights of Holland. He hath written learnedly almost of all the Arts, of Idolatry, his Theological Theses are good. His Treatise De Theologia Gentili, &c. is full of Learning.

Rivet often commends him.

Ego certe ita sentio, neminem inter Theologos nostros repertum fuisse, qui minùs jurarit in verba cujusquam magistri, qui aliorum sententias aequiùs expenderit, & qui veritatis diligentior fuerit indagator. And. Rivet. Apologet. pro vera pace Eccles.

His Historia Pelagiana is most disliked.

Our Arminians * most depend upon him touching the Authority of the Ancients.

Bochart. Geograph. Sac. l. 2. c. 17. saith thus of his Book De Historicis Gracis. Opus mira eruditionis, ex cujus lection nos profecisse non parum ingenue profitemur.

Urbanus VIII. Papa, a good Poet, he published some Poems.

There is Naudaei Panegyricus dictus Urbano VIII. Pont. Max. Ob beneficia ab ipso in magistrum Thomam Campanellam collata.

Fulvius Ursinus, a most learned Antiquary, Optime de omni meliore Antiquitate apud bonos omnes promeritus. Pignor. Symb. Epist. Epist. 18.

Celebris ill antiquitatum vindex U • sinus Fulvius. Scriv. Animadversion. in lib. 10. Mart.

There are his

Notae in Polybium, Dionysii Halyc. 〈◊〉 . Appiani, Diodori Siculi & Dionis fragmenta.

Notae in Tacitum & Paterculum.

Notae in Historices veteres. Appendix ad. lib. Petri Ciaconii de Triclinio.

De Faemiliis Romanorum.

Zacharias Ursin, a learned and solid Divine. He was born at Uratislania, the Metropolis of Silesia, one of the fairest Cities of Germany, in the year of Christ 1534.

His Works put out since his death, are all collected together, and distinguished into three Tomes.

Conr. â Liechthena, Abbas Urspergensis. Anno Dom. 1202.

There is his

Coenobii Chronicon.

Jacobus Armachanus. James Usher Bishop of Armagh.

The hundredth Archbishop of Armagh from him whom some call S ^t Patrick, as Matthew Parker Archbishop of Canterbury told Queen Elizabeth, he was the seventieth Archbishop of Canterbury from Agustine the Monk. Antiq. Brit.

He hath a great name deservedly amongst the Reformed Churches, for his skill in Ecclesiastical Antiquities, his stout Defense of the Orthodox Religion, frequent and powerful preaching, and unblameable Life, and is likewise famous for his great Abilities with the Papists themselves, though yet he be accounted haereticus primae Classis in their Index Expurg.

Fitz Simonds (with whom he disputed about the Popes being Antichrist, and was too hard for, though the Bishop was then very young) in one of his books saith, he is Acatholicorum doctissimus.

And Moranez in his Anti-Jansen Disp. 11. Sect. 2. hath these words,

Hanc divinationem de Haeresi Praedestinationis non ipse primus excogitavit, sed à Lutheranis & Calvinistis ejusdem haeresis recoctoribus accepit, praecipue{que} à Jacobo Usserio iusigni Calvinista Hyberno qui ann. 1631. librum edidit Dublini, hoc titulo inscriptum Gotteschalci, &c. Quo libro probandum suscipit eos qui pro Praedestinatianis haereticis habentur, non alios fuisse, quam doctrinae Augustinianae defensores. Ad quod persuadendum iisdem utitur conjecturis & argumentis quibus Jansen: ut recte notavit Antonius Ricardus l. 1. Disputat, de lib. arbit. c. 1. Sect. 6. relati • utriusque verbis. Neque onim sensum duntaxat, sed verba fere ipsa transcripsit Jansen. Neque tamen (quod aequum erat) ullam ejus mentionem facere dignatus est.

He first got himself a name in the Church, by that first and excellent Book of his De Christianarum Ecclesiarum succession & statu.

His Book De Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Primordiis, Vossius De vitiis Sermons c. 10. calls laudatissimum opus, and it is generally well esteemed; wherein he sifteth to the branne the British Churches Antiquities.

His other Latin Works are

Veterum Epistolarum Hibernicarum Sylloge.

Ignatianarum Epistolarum Sylloge.

Ignatiana Appendix.

De veterum Symbolis. Annalium pars prima & secunda.

Epistola ad Ludovicum Capellum.

De anno veterum Macedonum.

Syntagma de Editione LXX. Interpretùm. Dissertatio de Cainane.

His English Works.

Answer to a Jesuits Challenge.

The Religion of the ancient Irish and British.

A Speech in the Star-Chamber of the Kings Supremacy.

Two Sermons, one before the King, another before the Parliament.

A Treatise of the Incarnation of Christ.

A Treatise of the Original of Bishops and Archbishops.

What Asia is that mentioned in the New Testament.

Carolus Utenhovius.

He was skillful in the principal Languages, Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and also in the Germane, French, Italian, English.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

Bonaventura Vulcanius Brugensis. He was the Greek Professor at Leyden.

Vir de bonis litteris optime meritus. Pignor. Symb. Epistol. eruditissimo su • de literis & linguâ Gothorum Commentariolo. Olai Wormii literatura Danica c. 6.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam in his Life.

CHAP. VII.

W

LUc. Wadingus.

There are his

Annals minorum in five Volomes in Folio, there he speaks of all learned Friars of that order. He is much esteemed now at Rome.

Sir Isaac Wake.

The University Orator in Oxford.

There is his

Rex Pla • onicus, or Mus • regnantes.

An Oration at the Funeral of D ^r Rainolds.

Robert Wakefield, a learned Hebrician of our own.

He wrote

Institutio Gramaticae Hebraeae.

De laudibus linguae Hebraeae.

De Hebraeorum c • dicum incorruptione.

Paraphrasis in Ecclesiasten cum Praefatione Richardi Pacei. Orationes qu • dam, cum aliis opusc.

Antonius Walaeus.

He was an orthodox and solid Divine, as his several learned Works in one Volume in Folio show.

Waldenses.

Our Historians confound the Albigenses and Waldenses, though some learned men hold they are to be distinguished.

The Walde • ses are famous for their Antiquity, Universality and Innocency.

The first original of the Waldenses came of Waldus, a man of great substance in the City of Lions. About the year of our Lord 1160. divers of the best of the City of Li • nt talking and walking in a certain place after their old accustomed manner, especially in the Summer time, conferred together upon matters. Amongst whom it chanced one (the rest looking upon) to fall down by sudden death. This Waldus being one of them, who beholding the matter more earnestly then the other, and terrified with so heavy an example, God's holy Spirit working with all, was stricken with a deep and inward repentance, whereupon followed a new alteration with a careful study to reform his former life. He admonished others also to repent, and ministered large alms of his goods to such as needed. Many people therefore daily resorting to him, and he seeing them ready and diligent to learn, he began to give out to them certain rudiments of the Scripture, which he had translated himself into the French Tongue.

The Bishops seeing him so to intermeddle with Scriptures, and to have such resort about him, albeit it was but in his own house under private conference, threatened to excommunicate him, if he did not leave so to do. He despising their Excommunication, they ceased not with prison, with sword and banishment to persecute him, till at length they had driven both Waldus and all the favorers of his true preaching out of the City. Whereupon came first their name, and they were called Waldenses, or Pauperes de Lugduno, because they being thrust out both of Country and goods, were compelled to live poorly whether they would or no. See Doctor Chalon. Credo Ecclesiam Sanctam Catholicam. part. 2. pag. 91, 92, 93, 94.

D ^r John Wallis, the learned Professor of Arithmetique and Geometry in Oxford, and one of the Assembly of Divines at Westminster.

There is his

Grammatic • linguae Anglicanae. Another Work in English.

Nich. Waltherus an eminent Divine in East-Frizeland.

He hath published

Spicilegium Controversiarum 22.

De SS. Dei nominibus.

Officina Biblica.

Harmonia Biblica sive Conciliator locorum Bibliorum.

Harmonia totius Scripturae.

I • Wamesius.

De Appellat.

Consilia.

Samuel Ward, a learned and pious Divine.

There is his

Magnetis reductorium Theologicum.

And divers English Sermons.

D ^r Samuel Ward, Professor of Divinity in Cambridge.

His Gratia discriminans is an excellent Sermon, and opposite to the Arminian Doctrine.

Sir James Ware.

He hath written

De Scriptoribus Hiberniae.

Antiquitates Hiberniae.

Casper Waserus, a learned Linguist.

He hath written

De antiquis n • mmis & mensuris Hebraeorum.

De nummis Ebraeis in usu Scriptor diligentissimus doctissimusque. Selder u • De Iure Naturali & Gentium l. 6. c. 17.

Dr. Gilbert Wats a learned Englishman now living.

Gulielmus Watsius, an English Divine, whom Vossius in his Book De vitiis Sermons often honourably mentions.

He hath translated Augustine's Confessions, and added Notes to it.

Geo. Weiganmeierus.

There are these Works of his published

Iustit. Heb. Linguae per Tab.

Abbreviat. Hebr. in Com. Hebr.

Abbreviat. Hebr. explicatio.

Crinesius De Confas. Linguarum. c. 3. commends him for a most accurate writer, and mentions him with Drusius, Schindler, Buxtorf, as one of the most approved Grammarians of our age.

Mar. Frider. Wendelinus.

He hath put forth these Works

Christiana Theologia.

Admiranda Nili.

Institutiones Logicae.

Contemplationes Physicae. And some Theolog. Exercit. lately.

Io. de Wesalia.

See Foxes Acts and Monum. Vol. 1. p. 948.

There are his

Paradoxa.

Matthaeus Wesenbecius, was born at Antwerp, Anno à Salute partâ, 1531. a learned Lawyer.

Fuit Theoricus instructissimus, & practicus excellentissimus. Melch. Adam in ejus vita.

Nostri seculi alter Papinianus conjunxerat ill verae religions studium, & professionem cum juris prudentia. Gryn. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 11.

Melchior Adam in his Life relates the manner of his conversion from Popery.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones, and Melchior Adam in his Life.

He made this Epitaph for himself before his death,

         Matthaeus placidâ sopitus pace quiesco;
        
         Iustitiae & juris praeco Wesenbecius.
        
         Vita mihi studium fuit, impensique labores,
        
         Et dolor & gemitus, assiduaeque preces.
        
         Iova pater miserere mei, miserere meorum;
        
         Solius in Christi sanguine nostra salus.

Wesselus Groningensis, otherwise named Basilius.

He preceded Luther, he was excellently learned in Physic, Divinity, in the Greek, Hebrew and Latin, and therefore of the people he was called Lux mundi, the light of the world, whom Luther was wont to call his prodromus. He demonstrated that the Pope was Antichrist, whom the Disciples of Christ ought in no ways to follow.

He wrote a Book De dignitate & potestate Ecclesiastica, in which book, he saith, That Subjects should be absolutely and simply bound to believe the Pope, is so irrational and full of blasphemy, that it is found more pestilent then any heresy whatsoever.

Being aged, upon a certain time when a young man called M. Johannes Ostendorpius, came to him, he said these words; Well my child, thou shalt live to that day, when thou shalt see that the doctrine of these new and contentious Divines, as Thomas and Bonaventure, with others of the same sort, shall be utterly rejected and exploded from all true Christian Divines.

And this which Ostendorpius then being young heard Weselus to speak, he reported himself to Noviomagus, which wrote this story, Anno 1520. and heard it of the mouth of the said Weselus, Anno 1490. Foxes Act. and Monum. vol. 1. p. 955, 956.

Vide Effig. & vit. Profes. Acad. Groningae & Omlandiae.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Matth, Westmonasteriensis, Anno Dom. 1370.

A famous Historian.

Elizabeth Weston, a learned English woman, commended by Joseph Scaliger and Ianus Dousa.

She hath written a Book of Poetry called Parthenicon.

Angla vel Angelica es, vel prorsus es Angelus immo:

Si sexus vetat hoc: Angelus est animus.

So Dousa, as I remember.

William Whateley, a Divine well versed in the original Text both Hebrew and Greek, a frequent and powerful Preacher, and whose Life was answerable to his Doctrine.

There are his

Exposition of the ten Commandments.

A Care-clothe, or Treatise of the Cumbers of Marriage.

Prototypes.

And some Sermons.

Deg. Wheare, both learned and godly, he was History-Reader in Oxford.

He hath put out a Book, entitled,

De ration as methodo legendi Historias dissertatio.

Where he reckons up the several Greek and Latin Historians, and censures them, and shows the method of reading them.

Abraham Wheelock.

He was the first Arabic Professor in Cambridge.

He hath put out Beda in Latin and Saxon with Notes.

D. William Whitaker, a learned and pious Divine. He was Master of S. John's College in Cambridge, and the Kings Professor in Divinity. Famous for his admirable skill in the Arts and Tongues, and for his controversial Works, especially his Confutation of Campian, Sanders, Paree, William Rainolds, Stapleton and Bellarmine.

That honor of our Schools, and Angel of our Church, learned Whitaker, then whom our Age saw nothing more memorable: What clearness of judgment, what sweetness of style, what gravity of person, what grace of carriage was in that man? Who ever saw him without reverence, or heard him without wonder? B. Halls 1. Dec. of Epist. Ep. 7.

All his Works are in one Volume.

Jeremiah Whitaker my worthy friend, a learned and pious Divine of the Assembly lately dead, who was a man mighty in the Scriptures, of a humble melting Spirit, laborious in his ministerial function, zealous for God's glory, and wonderfully patient in all the time of his heavy affliction.

D ^r John White.

He hath written the way to the true Church, and a Defense of the same, which Book is well esteemed.

Thomas White an English Papist.

Books written by him

Three Dialogues De mundo.

Institutiones Peripateticae ad mentem Digbaei.

Institutiones sacrae in 2. Tom.

Quaestio Praevia & men's Augustini de Gratia.

De Medio animarum statu Meditationes in Gratiam.

Sacerdotum Cleri Anglicani.

Richworths Dialogues, or the judgment of common sense in the choice of Religion.

A Catechism in Religion.

Meditations in English.

A Contemplation of Heaven: with an Exercise of Love, and A Descant on the Prayer in the Garden.

Obedience and Government.

Tabulae Suffragiales, by which it appears he wrote a piece called Sonitus Buccinae, which was condemned at Rome by the Cardinals.

John Whitgift Archbishop of Canterbury.

He had an Uncle called Robert Whitgift, Abbot of the Monastery of Wellow in Lincolnshire, who teaching divers young Gentlemen, took like pains also with him. In which time (as he was pleased often to remember) he heard his Uncle the Abbot say, That they, and their Religion could not long continue, because (said he) I have read the whole Scripture over and over, and could never find therein, that our Religion was founded by God. And for proof of his opinion, the Abbot would allege that saying of our Savior Matth. 15. 13. Every plant which my heavenly Father hath not planted shall be rooted out.

He never preached, but he first wrote his Notes in Latin, and afterward kept them during his Life.

There were several writings between him and Thomas Cartwright about the Ceremonies.

CHAP. VIII.

John Wicliff, a most incomparable Schoolman.

He followed William Ockam much, he is often quoted by him, and styled, Inceptor Ockam.

John Hus was his Scholar he brought his Books and Doctrine into Bohemia.

He being the public Reader in the University of Oxford, was for the rude time wherein he lived, famously reputed for a great Clerk, and expert in all kind of Philosophy.

He flourished about the year of our Lord 1371. Edward the third reigning in England. He was called Doctor Evangelicus.

He was born in the North, and to this day some of his name and family do there yet remain, to whom I am allied.

He was brought up in Merton College in Oxford, and removed thence to Queens College.

He was beloved of all good men for his good life, and greatly admired of all his adversaries for his Learning and knowledge both in Divinity and humanity. He was Doctor in Divinity almost thirty years, and for some time Parson of Lutterworth in Leicestershire. See Camden there.

Divers Works of his in written-hand remain in our Oxford -Library.

He translated the whole Bible into English, with Prefaces and Arguments to every book.

In his Trialogus. or Body of Divinity, l. 4. c. 7. he saith,

Ideo si centum essent Papae & omnes fratres essent versi in Cardinales, non deberet concedi sententiae suae in materia fidei, nisi de quanto se fundaverit in Scriptura. He also saith, Papa est abominatio desolationis in abstracto. And Ch. 36. Olim Episcopy nostri dicuntur pseudofratres tanquam Diabolos odivisse, cum in tempore Domini Armachani, dicuntur ipsum in sumplibus contra hos pseudo ordines defendisse. Sed modo facti sunt amici Herodes & Pilatus, qui prius inter se fuerant inimici.

There is also his Dialogus, and De Veritate Scripturae, and divers other Manuscripts of his well worthy the publishing.

Yet he had his errors, lib. 2. of that Book, cap. 10. he saith, Angelos adoramus.

See those Scriptures against that opinion, Deut. 4. 19. & 17. 3. Col. 2. 18. Apoc. 9. 10. & 20. 8, 9.

He grants Purgatory also l. 4. c. 22. of that book. Yet he was the first (saith Bale ) who in that dark age brought truth to light, and was bold openly to confess Christ before the whole Synagogue of Satan, and to reveal the filthiness of the great Whore.

Fuit Wicleffus sectarius plane nostrorum hodie Evangelicorum vervex, fuit omnium quae tam longe lateque grassantur, haeresion seminarium. Harpsf. Praefat. ad Histor. Anglic. Eccles.

Roger Widdrington a learned School-Divine, as his Works both in English and Latin show. His right name was Preston, for Widdrington was a plain illiterate man. He and Blackwell took the Oath of Allegiance.

He wrote to the Pope, and earnestly begged of him, that the Papists here might take that just Oath of Allegiance • o the King, and refuted Bellarmine, who opposed it with strong reasons.

This Oath ( viz. of Allegiance) according to every part and parcel of the same may be lawfully taken by any Catholic, as have averred both M. Widdrington, Sir William Howard, and others. Widdrington in his New-years-gift, hath sufficiently proved, that besides the authority of many famous Divines, it was the opinion of the chiefest secular Priests in England. Doctor Featleys Animadversion. on Vert. Rom.

Albertus Widmanstadius, a famous man, and well skilled in the Oriental Tongues.

He was Chancellor to Ferdinand the wise Prince of the Romans, and by his commandment and great liberality, was employed in the Edition of all the New Testament in Syriac, in a fair character, save the * Apocalypse, and four Epistles, the 2 ^d of Peter, the 2 ^d and 3 ^d of John, that of Jude, which Work was generally much esteemed by Christians.

Johannes Wierus, a learned Germane.

Some commend his Book De praestigiis Daemonum for a most learned and elegant piece.

Io. Wigandus, He was born at Mansfield, Anno Christi 1523.

Many years before his death, he made this Epitaph for himself,

In Christo vixi, morior vivoque Wigandus:

Do sordes morti: caetera, Christ, tibi.

The sayings of the Scripture, with which he sustained himself against temptations on his death▪bed, were these, John. 3. 16. Mat. 11. 29. 1 John. 1. 7. The blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin.

He left many Works which are mentioned by Melchior Adam.

Andrew Willet.

A laborious godly Divine.

He printed thirty three Books.

Nigellus Wireker, an ancient Poet.

He largely toucheth the corrupt living and hypocrisy of his time, chiefly in Bishops, Priests, Abbots, Monks, Canons and Nuns: His Book is all in old Latin Verses, and is named Speculum stultorum, the glass of fools, that every dissolute Prelate might behold his folly therein.

Ralph Winterton. Greek Professor in Cambridge.

There are his Observations on Hesiod printed, with the minor Greek Poets.

And he hath translated some others.

Io. Wolfius, Anno Christi 1537.

He was born at Zurich a famous City of the Helvetians, he was a great Philosopher and Divine, skillful in the chief Languages, an excellent Historian.

He had learned Masters.

Andivit vir • s undiquaque doctissimos Argentorati Germaniae Tullium J Sturmium. Wittembergae politioris literaturae parentem Melancthonem: Tubingae sui seculi Philosophorum principem Jacobum Scheckium. Biturigibus Gallorum legalis prudentiae Coryphaeos Jacobum Cuiacium, Franciscum Rossardum, Antonium Contium Hugonem Donellum. Melch. Ad. in ejus vita.

He used this Symbole, Pietate & Labore, which he excellently expressed in his whole life.

His Works are mentioned by B • issard in his Icones.

That Book of his, entitled Lectionum memorabilium & reconditorum Centenarii XVI. is well esteemed.

Hieronymus Wolfius, a general Scholar, but an excellent Grecian.

He was famous for his faithful turning many Greek Authors into Latin, as Zonaras, Nicetas, Gregoras, the chief writers of the▪ Constantinopolitan History, Isocrates, Demosthenes.

He died ex calculo litteratis fere fatali, of that disease which is almost fatal to Students, the Stone.

Olaus Wormius, Professor of Physic in the University of Hafnia.

There are these Works of his Liber aureus Philosophorum.

Monumenta Danica.

Literatura Danica,

Museum Wormianum in Folio.

He refers to four Classes, Rariora, quae Museum suum tenet, Fossilium, Vegetabilium, Animalium, & quae ex his Ars elaboravit.

Anthony Wotton, a learned Divine, as his Book De Justification & Reconciliatione peccatorum shows.

Edw. Wotton a Physician born at Oxford.

He hath written a learned Book of living Creatures.

Sir Henry Wotton Provost of Eaton College.

His Works are common.

Io. Wouwerius , Counselor to the Prince of Holsatia.

He was very learned, as his Works show, especially his Polymathi • , and his Epistle, and Book De Umbra & Syntagma, de Bibliorum interpretation.

Some much commend his Panegyric to the King of Denmark. Joannes à Woweren (nosti credo hominem) Regi Daniae optimo & incomparably principi, optimum quo{que} & incomparabilem Panegyricum scripsit. Epist. Wow. Dominicus Baudius Incomparabiliamic • Ioannî à Wower.

Incomparabilis vir Joannes à Woweren, quo nemo hodie vivit, quem pluris astimem, & cujus canssamagis velim. Baud. Epist. Cent. 4. Epist. 22.

He fell off from his Religion and turned Papist.

Baudius Cent. 1. Epist. Epist. 69. Christophoro Puteano & fratribus speaks of him, homo sui oftentator magnificus. Dempto certe hoc vitio, multa habet ing enii naturaeque don • , quibus supra vulgus sapit, & illustrium vir • rum amicitiam meretur. Illud pre certo habetur cum Romae publicitus religionem abjurasse nullo metu qui in virum constantem cadere possit, sed contemptu & inscitia pietatis, vel (quod his potentius est apud mentes praecipiti ambitione afflatas) spe consequendae alicujus optimae largitionis. Sed, ut audio, esca elapsa est, solum hamum retinuit. Vide plura ibid.

George Wirth or Wyrth.

He professeth, that in his old age, when he had served as a Physician in Brussels, and in King Philip the second his Court many years, he applied himself to the difficult collating of the Evangelists (being then turned Protestant) for his last refreshing.

He hath written

De vita Christi ex quatuor Evang.

Epit. lib. reliq. N. T.

Hortulus Animae militantis.

Memoriale Apostolicum.

CHAP. IX.

X

FRancis Xavier.

He is called by the Papists The great Apostle of the Indies.

Horace Turseline in his Life hath one whole Chapter, to show how he was once beaten by the Devil, as D ^r Hoyle in his Rejoinder, pag. 632, 633, 634. quotes out of him.

Jerome Xavier or Sciavier a Jesuit of Navarre.

He hath written the History of Christ in the Persian Language, which he dedicated to Acaba • the great Emperor of Mog • ll, and hath corrupted it with idolatrous fables and superstitions.

Ludovicus De Dieu hath turned it into Latin, and written Animadversions upon it.

Xenophon.

Auctor ill praecaeteris decori observantissimus, & qu • m non minu • quàm Platonem Cicero sequitur. Naudaeus De Studio Militari. l. 1. p. 188.

His Works are in Greek and Latin in two Tomes.

Scipio Africanus had always with him his books of the institution of Cyrus King of Persia.

Francis Ximenes Cardinal, the Archbishop of Toledo.

He is famous for the Biblia Complutensia, and for the magnificent University at Complute, which he built at his own charge.

Io. Xiphilinus.

There is his

Epitome Dionis Gr. & Lat.

William Xylander.

He was born Anno 1530.

He was very skillful in the Latin and Greek, and in all Antiquity and Learning scarce to be matched with any in his time.

He was both a faithful and diligent Professor of the Greek at Hidelberg.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Icones, and by Melchior Adam in his Life.

CHAP. X.

Y

Dr. THomas Young, a Member of the Assembly of Divines, and a learned Divine.

One very well versed in the Fathers.

He was the Author of that excellent Treatise, entitled Dies Dominica, and one of those five that made SMECTYMNWS.

CHAP. XI.

Z

FRanciscus Zabarella, a famous Canonist and Cardinal of Rome. He publicly interpreted the Law at Padua and Florence, and wrote most learnedly on the Decretals, Clementines, of Canonical hours, of Schism.

Extant ornatissimae orationes, & plurimae, quas variis de rebus inter praesentes habuit. Itemque alio volumine elegantiores Epistolae collectae, quas scripfit ad absentes: Omnium vero libros oratorum, ac Poetarum, Historicorum quoque, qui sunt apud nos cogniti, & habentur in usu, ita diligenter legerat, ut eiam familiares haberet. Bernardinus Scardeonius De Clar. Iurecons. Pat.

He died at Constance, being commended highly in a funeral Oration by Poggius an eloquent man.

Jacobus Zabarella, a good Philosopher.

He hath written several Logical and Physical Tracts.

Zaccutus Lusitanus. These are his Works

De Hist. Principum Medicorum, praxis Historiarum pharmacopaea & praxis medica admir. Fol. 2. Vol.

Hieronimus Zanchius, a solid and pious Divine.

He was one of the most Scholastical among the Protestants.

His Works are in three Tomes in Folio.

Josephus Zarlinus, a famous Musician.

Johannes Ulricus Zasius, Anno Dom. 1461.

Humani juris intelligentia cum exactissimis scriptoribus conferendus, saith Paulus Iovius of his Father.

One of the chief Germane Lawyers.

His Works are mentioned by Boissard in his Bibliotheca, and Melchior Adam in his Life.

He put out his Fathers Book Responsorum singularium, and the second part Singularium intellectuum.

Zenodotus.

Guliel Zepperus, a learned Protestant Writer.

There are several Works of his

De politia Ecclesiastica.

Legum Mosaicarum forensium explanaetia.

Ars. habendi & audiendi conciones.

Sylva Hom. in Textus Dom.

De Sacramentis.

Jacobus Zieglerus.

He was born and brought up among the Goths, yet wrote pure Latin. He was skillful in the Mathematics.

De Christierno 20 R. Denmarcheae Christiani Daniae R. attenta in Sueciam cum clade urb • s Hulmiae.

Bernard Zigler,

Zoilus.

Johannes Zonar as a Greek Monk, he flourished Anno Dom. 1120.

He wrote three Books of Annals, in which he comprehended Universal History from the beginning of the world even to the death of Alexius Comenus Emperor of the Grecians, who died Anno 1118.

His History in Greek and Latin is in three Tomes.

Zosimus.

There is his History in Greek and Latin, in six Books.

D ^r Richard Zouch, a learned Civilian of Oxford.

There are his

Elementa Iuris prudentiae.

Descriptio Iuris & Iudicii feudalis, &c.

The Dove of Cosmography.

Vigilius Zuichemus.

He had all those accomplishments which are required in a complete Professor of the Law, being very much versed in the Theory and practice of the Law. He had an exact knowledge of the Circle of the Arts, and of History, he had skill in the Greek, Latin, the Germane, French and Italian Tongues.

Theodorus Zuingerus.

His great Work, entitled Vita humanae theatrum, got him a great name.

Basilius Amberbachius hearing of his death, broke out with sighs into these words▪ Piget me vivere post tantum virum: cujus magnafuit doctrina; s • d exigna, si cum pietate conferatur. It irks me to live after so great a man, whose Learning was great, but small if it be compared with his piety.

Many of his Works are mentioned in Oxford Catalogue.

Jacobus▪ Zuingerus.

The Son of the afore-named Zuingerus.

His Works are mentioned by Melchior Adam.

There is his

Principiorum Chymicorum examen.

Huldricus Zuuinglius, Anno 1487.

As Germany admired her Luther, so Helvetia her Zwingli.

He was skillful in the Greek and Hebrew Tongues, though hard to be go • at that time, using the best Professors: he had a great memory, being able to repeat Valerius Maximus and S ^t Paul by heart, whose Epistles he had copied out. He frequently disputed with both. Papists and Catabaptists, whereof Franciscus Lambertus then a minorite Friar being one, was (as he thankfully acknowledged) hereby reclaimed, and became afterwards a great Light in the Church.

Stando confecit omnia sua studia, certas eis vendican • horas, quas etiam non emisit nisi seriis coactus. A summo mane ad horam decimam lectioni, interpretationi, doctrinae, scriptioni dabat operam, prout temporis & rerum postulabat ratio. Post prandium audiebat vel narrantes, vel consilia rogitantes, aut confabulabatur, aut deam bulabat cum amicis, usque ad horam secundam, hinc etiam reditus ad labores. Post Coenam ubi paulisper deambulasset, fere literis scribendis vocabat, interdum ad mediam usque noctem nihil agens aliud.

The Tigurins being compelled to war against their enemies, Zwingli was slain in the battle.

It is the manner of Zurich, that when they go forth in warfare, the chief Minister of their Church goeth with them. Zwingli also of himself being a man of a stout and bold courage, considering that if he should tarry at home, and they should go by the worse, what displeasure he should sustain, as one that in his Sermons would encourage, and himself faint, when any danger was; would needs take such part as others.

Sir Thomas More in his Preface to the Confutation of Tyndals Answer, hath this bitter passage, Zwingli that first brought into Switzerland that abominable Heresy against the blessed Sacrament of the Altar, was by the hand of God this year slain in plain battle against the Catholics, with many a thousand of his wretched Sect, being in number to the Catholics three against one, and as proudly, and with his malicious purpose invading them, as ever did the Egyptians pursue the children of Israel.

His Works are published in four Tomes, mentioned by Boissard,

After his body was cut first in four pieces, and then consumed with fire, three days after his death his friends came to see whether any part of him was remaining, where they found his heart in the ashes whole and unburned.

FINIS.

AN ALPHABETICAL TABLE.

A Barbinel, p. 105
- His name is written several ways. The best Jewish Expositor, and the time when he flourished. ibid.
Abbot Bishop of Salisbury, 106
- Which of his Works are best liked, ib.
Abelardus. 106
- Of great note in his time. ibid.
Abraham taught the Mathematics first among the Chaldeans. 40
Academies, 65
- How called now and heretofore, ibid.
- Were always built in some famous City, ibid.
- Four weighty causes of them, 65, 66
- Set up in many places, 66
Acontius. 107
Accursius. 106, 107
- When he flourished, 106
- The first that wrote a Gloss upon all the Civil Law, 107
Adrian the Emperor a learned Prince and great Grecian, 107
Pope Adrian the fourth, an Englishman, born at S ^t Albans, 107
- Kill'd with a Fly, ibid.
Pope Adrian the sixth a poor man's son of Utrecht, 107
- A learned man, ibid.
- Would not change his name when made Pope. ibid.
- Thought to be poisoned, ibid.
Adversaria, what. 344. m.
Aegidius Romanus, when he lived, 108
Aelian, when he lived, 108
- His Books liked, ibid.
Paulus Aemylius of Verona, an eloquent Writer, 108
- Spent thirty years about his History, ib.
Aeneas Sylvius, after Pope Pius the second, when he lived, 108
- Very learned, ibid.
- Preferred a General Council before the Pope, till he was made Pope, ibid.
Johannes Aepinus, 108
Aeschines the Orator, ibid.
- His contest with Demosthenes, ibid.
Aeschylus the Tragedian, 109
- He first published Tragedies, and was slain by the shell of a Tortoise on his head. ibid.
Agapetus Diaconus, a learned and holy man. ibid.
Agobardus, when he lived. 109
Rodolphus Agricola a great Scholar, ibid.
- Verses made on him by Hermolaus Barbarus, ibid.
Georgius Agricola a learned man also, ibid.
Henricus Cornelius Agrippa a great Scholar, but too much given to Magic, ibid.
Ainsworth, a learned Expositor. 110
D. Alabaster an excellent Poet, ibid.
Albategnius a famous Mathematician, ibid.
Albertus Magnus a great Scholar, ibid.
Leander Albertus a learned man, ibid.
Leo Bapt. Albertus a learned man of the same Family. 110
Gabriel Albaspinaeus a great Antiquary. ibid.
- His Epitaph. ibid.
Edmund Albertine a learned Protestant Divine, ibid.
Albon -Hall in Oxford. 99
Alchimy what, 52, 53
Alchemists, why obscure, 206
Alcoran, the word of God with the Turks 8
- It is written in Arabic verse, and stuffed with fopperies, ibid.
Andrew Alciate, the first that wrote learned Notes on the Civil Law, 111
- A very learned man, ibid.
- Verses of him by Arias Montanus and Stephanus Paschasius, ibid.
Flaccus Albinius, or Alcuinus, a learned Englishman, Schoolmaster of Charles the Great, and one of the Founders of the University of Paris, ibid.
- Was not Bedes Scholar, ibid.
Ulysses Aldrovandus hath written learnedly of all living Creatures, 112
Hieronymus Aleander a very learned Cardinal. ibid.
- Had a great memory, ibid.
Alexander the Great, a great Scholar and Soldier both, ibid.
- Aristotle's Scholar, ibid.
- He laid Homers Iliads still under his pillow when he slept, 225
- There were two learned Alexanders, ibid. marg.
Alexander de Hales an Englishman of Glocestershire, and a great Schoolman, 112
- He wrote a copious Sum of Divinity, ibid.
Alexander Alesius a Scotchman of later times, and a great Divine, ibid.
Alexander ab Alexandro a Lawyer of Naples, ibid.
Alexandria famous for the profession of Physic, 45
Alhazen a famous Writer of Opticks, 112
Leo Allatius a natural Grecian, and great Scholar, ibid.
Muhamedes Alfraganus a great Hebrew Astronomer, 113
Alfred King of England, learned himself, and an encourager of learned men, ibid.
Algebra a famous invention in Arithmetique, 41
Thomas Allen a learned man, 113
Peter de Alliaco a Romish Cardinal, a famous Mathematician and Divine, ibid.
All-Souls▪ College in Oxford, 97
Alphonsus King of Aragon a great Astronomer and advancer of Learning, 113
Petrus Alphonsus, a Jew who turned Christian, ibid.
- And why he was called Peter, and why Alphonsus, ibid & 114
John Henry Alsted industrious, but a great Collector, ibid.
D. Henry Alting, ibid.
- Escaped a great danger ibid.
Henry Alting his Son, ibid.
Didacus Alvarez a famous Spanish Divine, and orthodox for the most part about Predestination, ibid.
Sixtinus Amama, a learned and modest Dutchman, ibid.
Ambrose Bishop of Milane, ibid.
- His answer to Theodosius the Emperor ibid.
- A swarm of Bees settled on his face when he was an infant, ibid.
- When he flourished, ibid.
- Was a Christian and Divine together, ibid.
Dr. Ames a judicious and solid Divine, 115
Amiraldus a learned French Divine, ibid.
Gulîelmus de Sancto Amore, a valiant Champion of Christ, ibid.
Ammonius Alexandrinus a great Philosopher, ibid.
Amphilochius, when he flourished, ibid.
Andcreon a famous French Poet, ibid.
Annals, what they are, and how they differ from History, 46. m.
Annals of Baronius useful but faulty, 128
Anastasius the Popes Library-keeper, 115
Anastasius Synaita, when he lived, ibid.
- He had several names, ibid.
Petrus Ancharanus or Ancorananus, when he flourished, ibid.
Bishop Andrew's, ibid
Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury, the first that forbad Priests Marriage, 116
- When he flourished, ibid.
- Two Anselms, one the author of the Interlineary Gloss, ibid.
Marcus Antoninus Emperor, the greatest Philosopher of his time, 116
- Why he was called Pius, ibid.
Antoninus of Florence when he lived, ibid.
Marcus Antonius de Dominis, 116
Marcus Antonius of Genua, ibid.
Alex. Aphrodisaeus, one of the first Interpreters of Aristotle. ib.
Petrus Apianus a famous Mathematician 116
Petrus Aponensis or Aponius, a great Physician and Philosopher, 116, 117
Apollinaris the Father and Son both Heretics, 117
Sidonius Apollinaris, when he lived, ibid.
Apollonius a Roman Senator and Martyr 117
Apollonius Pergaeus a great Mathematician 117
Apollonius Rhodius, why called Rhodius, ib.
- He wrote Argonantica. ibid.
Appianus Alexandrinus when he lived, ib.
Apulcius a Platonic Philosopher, and learned Writer, ibid.
Aquila converted from Judaism, he translated the Old Testament into Greek, 118
- When he flourished, ibid.
Thomas Aquinas born at Aquinus in Italy. ibid.
- His witty Answer to Pope Innocent 3. 232
- A great Schoolman. 118
- Why called the Angelical Doctor, 118
- How he got his knowledge, ibid.
- He was intent upon his studies, 118
- Verses of him, ibid.
- When he lived, ibid.
Arabic Language, 59, 60
- Very ancient, of large extent, elegant, profitable and easy, ibid.
- Near to the Hebrew, Chaldee and Syriac, 60
Aratus an ancient Poet. 118
Archimedes a famous Mathematician, ib
- He was very much addicted to the study of the Mathematics, ibid. & 119
- His Sphere, ibid.
Peter Aretine called Divine Aretine, yet a wanton Writer, ibid.
Leonardus Aretinus, a learned Historian, Orator and Philosopher. ibid.
Benedictus Aretius famous for three Works, ibid.
Architas Tarentinus the greatest Mathematician of his time, ibid.
Johannes Argyrophylus a great Scholar, ibid.
Johannes Argenterius a learned Physician, but too censorious, ibid.
Aristophanes, a great Comedian, the first that called himself Philologus, 119
- An obscene Writer, esteemed by Chrysostom, ibid.
Gregorius Arimine • sis sound in the Doctrine of Grace and Free-will, ibid.
- When he lived, ibid.
Aristotle born at Stagira, Plato 's Scholar, Alexanders Master, a great Philosopher, and the chief of Peripatetics, 120
- He invented and perfected the Art of Logic, ibid.
Arithmetique what it is, its excellency, and who first brought it into an Art, 41
Armachanus a great Scholar, and an enemy to Friars, brought up in Oxford 120
- Why Petavius calls the Jansenians Armachani, 229
Jacobus Arminius a learned man and of a strict life: 120
Arnobius a great Rhetorician, Lactantius his Master, 121
- When he lived, ibid.
Arnoldus de Villa-Nova a learned Spaniard, ibid.
- When he lived, ibid.
Arrianus a faith • ull Greek Historian, ibid.
- He imitates Xenophon, ibid.
Art, what an Art is, and how the Arts are distinguished, 36, 37
The Liberal Arts why so called, and which are they, ibid.
What authors are to be read in all Arts, 37
Arzabel a great Astronomer. 121
Asconius Pedianus a famous Historian, 121
Roger Ascham Secretary to Queen Elizabeth, the only Englishman who hath written a Volume of Latin Epistles, ibid.
- When he flourished, ibid.
Aspasia a learned woman, ibid.
Astrolabe by whom invented, 221
Astrology distinguished from Astronomy, and condemned, 50, 51
Astronomy, 43
Athanasius Bishop of Alexandria, the Maul of Heretics, 121
- Why called Great, ibid & 122
- When he lived, 121. m.
Athenagoras a Philosopher, who wrote an Apology for Christians, 122
Athenaeus, when he lived, ibid.
- Casaubone hath written learned Notes on him. 122
Athens, 67, 68
Johannes Aventinus when he was born, 122.
- Commended, ibid.
Avignon, 84
Averroes a Commentator upon Aristotle 122.
- When he flourished, ibid.
Avicenna a famous Philosopher and Physician.
- When he lived, 45. & 122
Augustine Bishop of Hippo, 122
- The most accomplished that ever wrote since the Apostles times, ibid
- When he was born, ibid.
- Famous for two Works. 123
- He well confutes the Pelagians, Papists, Brownists and Socinians. ibid.
- His Books De Doctrina Christiana, and De civitate Dei commended, but his Comment on the Psalms is most disliked, ibid.
Antonius Augustinus a great Scholar, ibid
Johannes Auratus the Kings Professor for Greek in Paris, and the chiefest Poet of his time, 123, 124
Decius Ausonius a learned French Poet, Master to Gratian the Emperor, 124
Azo a great Lawyer, ibid.
Azorius a learned Jesuit. ib.
Mart. ab Azpilzeuta a learned Casuist, ib.

ROger Bacon a great Mathematician, but no Magician. 125
Sir Francis Bacon a great Philosopher, ib.
John Baconthorp or Bacon a learned Englishman, ibid.
Iodocus Badius Ascensius a learned Philosopher, Physician and Poet. ibid.
Paul Bain a judicious Divine. 125
Roger Bain a learned Englishman, Professor of the Hebrew at Paris, ibid.
- He hath written on the Proverbs of Solomon,
Francis Balduine a Protestant first, but fell off afterward to Popery, 126
- An Epitaph of him, ibid.
Baldus Perusinus a famous Lawyer and Scholar to Bartolus, 126
- When he flourished, ibid.
Bernardinus Baldus Urbinas a great Artist and Linguist, 126
John Bale one of the first English Protestant Preachers in the time of King Henry the 8 ^th . 125
- D. Humfries Verses of him. His Works, ib.
M. I. Ball a learned and pious Divine, 126
Baliol. College, 96
Balsac an eloquent Frenchman, 126
Theodor • Balsamon one of the chief of the Greek Canonists. ib.
Dominic. Banns a famous Dominican. ib.
William and John Barclay, 127
Francis Barbarus a learned Venetian, ib.
Hermolaus Barbarus one of the great restorers of Learning, ibid.
Petrus Angelus Bargaeus a learned Poet, ib.
Peter Baro, ibid.
Gaspar Barlaeus a great Poet, ibid.
Caesar Baronius. 127, 128
Iustus Baronins changed his name, ibid.
Robert Baronius a learned Scotchman, ib.
- Verses of him, ibid.
Gul. Sallustius Bartasse an excellent French Poet. ibid
Gaspar Barthius a learned Germane. ibid.
Bartolu • de Saxoferrato a great Lawyer, 129
Basil the Great, 129.
- Why so called, ib.
Basil Bish. of Seleucia, when he lived, 129
Basil an University, when founded, 68
Dominious Baudius an elegant Poet, 129
Bernardus Bauhusius made a Book of the Virgin Mary by changing one Verse a 1022 ways, 129
Martinus Becanus a learned Jesuit, ibid.
Christoph. Beckman a learned Linguist, ib.
Beda an Englishman, the learnedst man of his time, 130
- Why called venerable, 130
William Bedwell, skillful in the oriental Tongues, 130
W. Bedle a learned Bishop of Ireland, 131
Robert Bellarmine commended, 131
William Bellay, 132
Francis de Belleforest, a learned French Historian, 132
Petrus Bellonius, 132
Peter Bembus a learned Venetian and Cardinal. 132, 133
R. Benjamin a famous Jewish Geographer. ib.
Antonius Benivenius, 133
Paulus Benius. 133
Berengarius a learned Frenchman, the first that was counted an heretic for denying Transubstantiation. ib.
Bernard, when he lived. 133.
- A learned Writer in those obscure days. 133, 134
Philippus Beroaldus, 134
- Two Philippi Beroaldi both Bononians, and of the same age, and learned, ibid
Matthaeus Beroaldus both learned and pious. ib.
Bertramus a learned man. 134
Bonaventure Cornelius Bertram a famous Hebrician, 135
Bessarion made Cardinal for his Learning 135.
- He and two others brought Greek and pure Latin into Europe, ibid.
Xystus Betul • ius a learned Writer, ibid.
Theodore Beza commended, 135
Bibles divers, 136, 137
Theodorus Bibliander a good Linguist, 137
Gabriel Biel, 137
Nicolas Biesius a learned Dutchman. ibid.
Hier. Bignonius, 137
Eberardus Bilichius, 137
Jacobus Billius Prunaeus a great Grecian, 138
Thomas Bilney, 138
Bishop Bilson rose by his Learning, 138
Laelius Bisciola a learned Italian, 138
Bilibaldus Pirkheimerus, a great Mathematician, 138
Peter Blesensis, 138
Davil. Blondel a learned French Divine; 138
Flavius Blondus a famous Historian and Secretary to many Popes, 138
Ludovicus Blosius a good Linguist, 138
John Boccace a famous Poet of Hetruria, but too obscene, 138
Trajanus Boccalinus an elegant Italian, 139
Samuel Bochart, a learned French Divine, 139
John▪Bodin a judicious Papist, 139
Sir Thomas Bodly a great Scholar and prudent Statist, 139
- Skilfull in the oriental Tongues, the great Founder of the public Library at Oxford, 140
- His Arms, ibid.
Bisanson, 86
Boetius Severinus, when he lived, and why called Severinus, 140
- He was a great Peripatetic, slain by Theodoricus King of the Goths, ibid.
John Bois a good Grecian and Divine, 140
- Hath published learned Notes on Chrysostom, ibid.
Daniel Bombergus a famous Printer, who hath printed many excellent works 140
Bonaventure called a Seraphical Doctor, 141
- His Opuscula commended by Gerson, 141
- Alexander of Hales his Speech of him, and when he flourished, ibid.
- Why he was called a Saint by Thomas Aquinas, though living, and when he was canonized by the Pope, 141
Franciscus and Lazarus Bonamicus. 141
Books, The benefit of good Books, 30
D. Boot a learned Dutchman, 141
- His Works commended, 141, 142
Cardinal Borromaeus, 141
Franciscus Bosquetus a learned Lawyer, 141
- He hath written a History of the French Popes, ib.
Henry de Bracton, a learned Lawyer, 142
John Bradford a learned and holy Martyr 142
William Bradshew a learned Divine, 142
Thomas Bradwardine Archbishop of Canterbury, and Confessor to King Edward the 3 ^d 142
- He opposed the Arminian Doctrine stoutly in those times, 142
Henricus Brandius a learned and pious Divine, 142
Tycho Brahe a Danish Knight, a great Astronomer, 142
Bredah, 74
Edw▪ Brerewood, the first Astronomy Lecturer in Gres • am -College, 143
John Brenz a learned Divine, 143
Guido de Br • s, a French Martyr, 143
Henry Brigges a famous Mathematician and pious, 143
Thomas Brightman a learned and godly Divine. 143
John Brinsley a learned man, 143
Barnabas Brissonius the learned Chief Justice of France, ib.
- Paschasius his Verses of him, ib.
John Briton a great Lawyer. 143
Erasmus Brockman a learned Lutheran. 143
Johannes Brodaeus a man of stupendous reading, and incredible memory, ib.
Sir Robert Brook, a great Lawyer, 144
Hugh Broughton a great Hebrician and Grecian, but injudicious and haughty, ibid.
Christopher Brower a learned man, 144
Henricus Brucaeus a great Geometrician▪ ibid.
Fr. Lucas Brugensis a famous Popish Divine, 144
Petrus Brunellus, 144
Guil. Bucanus, 144
George Buchanan a famous Scotch Poet and Historian, 144
- Verses of him, ib.
Martin Bucer a judicious Commentator, 145
Abraham Bucoltzer a good Chronologer, 145
John Buckeridge, 145
William Budy, when and where born, 146
- He accused the Pope, Bishops and Priests before Luther, 145
- Buchanans Distich and Paschasius his Verses of him, 145, 146
Io. Bugenhagius, 146
Henry Bullenger, 146
Henry Bunting, 146
Aegidius Burdinus, 146
Francis Burgersdicius, 146
Paulus Burgensis, a converted Jew, 146
Walter Burley, the Master of King Edward the 3 ^d . 146
John Buridan, 146
Burgundius, 146
- Part of his Epitaph, ib.
Robert Burhill, 147
Anne du Burg a learned Lawyer and Martyr, 147
A • gerius Busbequius a great Embassador and learned man, 147
Johannes Busaeus, 147
John Buxtorf, the Father and Son both learned Hebricians, 147

CAbbalistical Arts condemned, 53
Julius Caesar a great Soldier and Scholar, 148, 149
Thomas de Vio Cajetan a learned and candid Popish Cardinal, 148
Gaius College in Cambridge, 53
John Gaius a learned Doctor of Physic, 148
- Taxed. 100, 101
Domitius Calderinus Veronensis, a good Grammarian. 149
Ambr. Calepinus, 149
Georgius Calixtus a most learned man, ib.
John Calvin a most learned and judicious Divine, 149, 150
Sethus Calvisius a learned Chronologer, ib.
Giraldus Cambrensis, 150
Cambridge, 100, 101, 102
- Not founded by Cantaber, 100
- Nor Sigebert. ibid.
- Bede read not there. ibid.
William Camden our British Pausanias, 150
Ioach. Camerarius the great Light of Germany, 151
Philippus Camerarius, 151
John Cameron a learned Scotchman, 151
Io. Camers, 151
Thomas Campanella, 151
Thomas and Laurence Campegius, 151
Johannes Campensis, 152
Edmund Campian, a good Orator, 152
Cane, 85
Angelus Caninius a good Linguist, 152
Henry and Peter Canisius, 152
William and Theodore Canter, both learned men, 152
Melchior Cano a learned and ingenious Spaniard, 152, 153
Jerome Capivacceus or Capivacca a famous Professor of Physic in Padua, 153
Jacobus and Ludovicus Cap • llus both learned French men, 153
Ludovicus Carbo, 153
Jerome Cardane, a great Scholar, 153
George Carleton, 153
John Carion, 154
Charles the Great, why so called, 154
Charles the 5 ^th and 9 ^th Kings of France, 154
Nic Carpenter, 155
Des Cartez, 155
Dionysius Carthusiensis, 155
Thomas and Christopher Cartwright, 155
Bartholomaeus and John Casa, 155
John Case, 156
Isaac Cas • ubone a singular Grecian, and an excellent Philologer, 156
Dr. Merick Casaubone, ibid.
George Cassander, 156
Cassandra Fidelis Veneta, a learned woman, 156, 157
John Cassian, 157
M. Aurel. and Petrus Cassiodorus, 157
Petrus Castellanus, two of that name, 157
Alphonsus à Castro one of the Doctors of the Council of Trent, ibid.
Ambrosius Catharinus, his difference with Dominicus Soto, 157
Cato why called Censorius, 158
- A three-fold Elogy of him, ibid.
Catullus a most polite Poet, 158
Jacobus Cavacius, 158
Nicol. Caussinus an eloquent French Papist, 158
Aurelius Cornelius Celsus a learned Physician, the Latin Hippocrates, 158
Conradus Celtes the first of the Germans who was adorned with a Poetical Laurel, 158
Centuries Ecclesiastical commended, 159
Jacobus Ceratinus, 159
Ludovicus de la Cerda a learned and industrious man, 159
Antonius Rodolphus Cevallerius and Petrus Cevallerius, both Frenchmen and great Hebricians, 15 •
Demetrius Chalcondylas a diligent Grammarian, 160
Chaldee Language, 58
Daniel Chamier, a very learned French Divine, who hath written solidly against the Papists, and was killed with a Canon-bullet, 160
Peter Charron a French Rapist, 160
Ieffery Chaucer, born in Oxfordshire, our English Homer, 160
- Verses of him, ibid.
Antoine de Chandieu a learned French Divine, 160
Sir John Cheek Schoolmaster to King Edward the sixth, skillful in Greek and Latin, 160
- The first Regius Professor of the Greek Tongue in Cambridge, 160
- Compared with Sir Thomas Smith, ibid.
- A special instrument of propagating the Gospel in England, ibid.
- How he died, and his several Works, ibid.
Martinus Chemnitz, when born, 161. m.
- A famous Doctor of Divinity in the Church of Brunswick, 161
- His Works commended, ibid
Andreas du Ch • sne, 162
Chiromancy, what it is, 51
Renatus Chopinus, 162
Christ the true Messiah, 11, 102
Christ Church in Oxford, 104, 105
Christ's -College in Cambridge, 102, 103
Christians very numerous in Turkey, 9
Immanuel Chrysoloras of Constantinople brought the Greek, and Learning into Italy, 162
- Was put to death at Constance, ib.
Petrus Chrysologus when Archbishop of Ravenna, 162
John Chrysostom the soundest Interpreter of all the Greek and Latin Fathers. 162
David Chytraeus a good Mathematician, 163
Petrus Ciaconius a▪ very learned man, 163
M. Cicero, why so called, and where born. 163
- The Prince of Orators, 164
- Some of his Works commended, 164
- His repetitions and vain-glory taxed, 165
John Claimund, 164
Clare -Hall in Cambridge, 101
Claudia Rufin • , 164
Claudianus, 164, 165
Claudius the Emperor, 165
Christophorus Clavius a Jesuit, and famous Professor of the Mathematics at Rome, 165
Nic. de Clamangis, when he flourished, 165
- Pious and learned, ibid.
Clemens Alexandrinus, why so called, and when he lived, 161
- Origen's Master, ibid.
Clemens Romanus the most ancient of all Writers since the Apostles, 165
- Not the Author of the Apostolical Constitutions; ibid.
Nicolaus Clenardus a great Linguist, killed by his own slave, and why, 166
Cleobulina, 166
Io. Climachus, when he lived, 166
John Cloppenburg. 166
Carolus Clusius a great Linguist, 166
Pet. Cluniacensis, when he lived, 166
Philippus Cluverius, 166
John à Coch, or Cocceius. 166
Colen, 68
Christ. Columbus an Italian, a most skillful Cosmographer, he found out America. 166
Realdus Columbus a great Anatomist, 163
Peter Comestor, why so called, 167. m.
Philp de Commines, where born, 167
- He hath written an excellent History▪ ibid.
- The Speech of Catharine de Medioes of him, and an Epitaph by Stephanus Paschasius, 167
Hier. Commelinus, 167
Annas Comnenas a learned woman, Empresse of the East, 167
Complute, 89
Compostella, 89
Confessions divers, 169
Conformities, a Book so styled, 169, 170
Confusion of Languages a great judgment, 54
Constantine the Great, and Robert Constantine, 170
Gaspar Contarenus, 170
Ant. Contins, 170
Adam Contzen, 170
Sir Edward Cook, 170
Robert Cook. 171
Copenhagen, 74, 75
Nicolaus Copernicus a great Mathematician, 171
Maturinus Corderius, 171
Corinnas, three learned women of that name, 171
Johannes Cornarius, 171
Cornelia a learned woman, ibid
Corpus Christi College in Oxford, 104
Corradus, 171
Corvinus a subtle Arminian, 171
Fr. Costerus, 172
Peter Cotton an eloquent French Jesuit, ibid.
Sir Robert Cotton a great preserver of English Antiquities, ibid.
John Covel, ibid.
Bishop Coverdale an exile a long time for the profession of the Gospel, ibid
Didacus Covarruvias, ibid.
Councils divers, 168, 169
- The Pope is to be subject to a General Council, 22▪ & 208
D ^r Crakanthorp, 172
Archbishop Cranmer. ibid.
- The first Archbishop of Canterbury that cast off Antichrist, 172, 173
- Drew many learned men into England 172
Io. Crato, when and where born, 173
- A great Philosopher, Physician and Poet, 173
- Physician to Emperors, ibid.
Christophorus Crinesius a good Linguist, ibid.
Petrus Crinitus, ibid.
Ludovicus Crocius, 174
John Croy a learned French Divine, 174
Hannibal Crucius, 174
Gaspar Cruciger a learned Divine, swift in writing, ibid
Henry Cuff, a learned Oxonian, 174
Jacobus Cujacius a learned French Lawyer, 174
Petrus Cunaeus, 174, 175
Caelius Secundus Curio, 175
Caelius Aug. Curio. ibid.
Quintus Curtius a pure Latinist, and when he flourished, 175
Petrus Curtius, 175
Nic. de Cusa, or Cusanus, 175
Cyprian Bishop of Carthage, and Martyr, when he lived, 175
Cyril Bishop of Alexandria, 175
Cyril Bishop of Jerusalem, and Cyril Patriarch of Constantinople, 176

JOhn Daille a learned French Divine, 176
- Highly commended, ibid.
John Damascene, when born at Damascus 176
- He laid the foundation of School-Divinity among the Greeks, 176
Nicholas Damascene, ib.
Petrus Damianus, 176
Damasus the first Pope, 176
- He appointed Gloria Patri, ib.
Lambertus Danaus, 177
Petrus Danesius, a great Grecian, 177
- His witty speech at the Council of Trent, ib.
Dantes Aligherius a famous Italian Poet 177
Claudius Dausqueius, 177
John Davenant Bishop of Salisbury, a judicious Divine, 177
Daventer, 74
Philippus Decius a famous Italian Lawyer, 177
John Dee a learned Englishman. 178
Marcus Antonius Delrio. 178
Demosthenes a famous Orator, 178
- He wrote out Thucydides eight times. ibid.
Thomas Dempster a learned Scotchman, ib.
John Deodate an eminent Divine, ib.
Edward Dering. ib▪
John Despauterius a great Grammarian. ib.
- Verses of him. ib.
Antonius Deusingius a learned Physician, ib.
Paulus Diaconus. 179
David Dickson a good Scottish Expositor, ib.
Didymus Coecus an excellent Mathematician, ib.
Ludovicus de Dieu a learned French Divine, well skilled in the Oriental Languages, ib.
Sir James Dier a great Lawyer, ib.
Differences among the Papists in many things, 22
Everard Digby. 178
Sir Kenelm Digby. 180
Leonard and Thomas Digges. ib.
John Michael Dilher a learned Critick, ib.
Diodorus Siculus a famous Historian, 180
Diogenes Laertius. ib.
Dio Cassius. ib.
• ion Chrysostom called Chrysostom for his 〈…〉 loquence. ib.
• ionysius falsely called the Areopagite. 181
• ionysius Halycarnassaeus a famous Historian, ib.
• ioscorides an ancient Herbalist, ib.
Divine. A competent knowledge of the Languages and Arts is requisite for a Divine, 31, 32, 33, 34
Rembertus Dodonaeus. 181
Dole, 86
Steven Dolet a learned Frenchman, 182
Aelius Donatus, Marcellus Donatus and Jerome Donatus. 182
Hugo Donellus a great Lawyer. ib.
Douay, 73
Ianus Douza the Father and Son, 182
George Downham a learned and godly Bishop, ib.
Andrew Downs the Kings Professor of Greek in Cambridge. 183
Sir Fran • n Drake the first that sailed about the whole world, ib.
Jerome Drexelius a learned Jesuit, ib.
John Drusius. ib.
Fr. Duarenus a learned Lawyer, ib.
Dublin. 104
Fronto Ducaeus a learned and candid Jesuit. 183
Gul. Durand a great Poet, Divine and Lawyer, 183
- Why called Speculator. ib.
Durand a S. Portiano. 184
Samuel Durant. 184
Joan’s Stephanus Durantus. ib.
Claudius Duret a great French Lawyer, ib.
Ludovicus Duretus a learned Physician, ib.

KIng Edward the sixth both learned and pious, 184, 185
Edmund Hall in Oxford. 99
Egesippus when he lived, 185
Eginhardus, 185
Elias Levita a most learned Jewish Grammarian. 185
Queen Elizabeth a learned Queen, 185, 186
Sir Thomas Elyot. 185
Immanuel -College. 103
Ubbo Emmius a learned man, Professor of History and Greek at Groning. 186
Constantine. L' Empereur a famous Hebrician, 186
England suffered most shameless servitude under the Pope heretofore, 7
- The first Kingdom that received the Gospel, 7
- By whom the Christian Religion was first brought into England. 7
- England had the first Christian King and Emperor, ib.
- Learned men in England, 91
- The Universities in England. 91. to 97
Quintus Ennius. 186
Ephraem Syrus and Antiochenus. 186
Epictetus the Philosopher. 186
Epiphanius Bishop of Salamina in Cyprus famous for learning and skill in five Tongues. 186, 187
Epiphanius the Deacon. 187
Epistles, what they are, much learning in them. 188
- Who write the best Epistles. ib.
Desiderius Erasmus where born. 187
- His Statue at Roterdam in brass on the market place with an Inscription. 188
- Verses in the house where he was born ib.
- A great Scholar, and the author of many excellent Works. 188, 189
- An Epitaph of him. 189
Erasmus a learned Bishop. 189
Tho. Erastus a learned Physician, 189
Eratosthenes. 190
Erford. 70
Erinnas a learned Poet, 190
Thomas Erpenius excellently skilled in the Oriental Tongues. ib.
Claudius Espencaeus a learned French Bishop, 190, 191
Petrus Espinacus Archbishop of Lions. 191
William Estius a learned and modest Doctor of Paris. 191
- He doth well on all Paul's Epistles. 191
- His Epitaph. ib.
Ethics whence so named. 45 m.
- What it is conversant about. ib.
Ethiopic Language. 60, 61
Evagrius Scholasticus. 191
Euclid a great Geometrician. 191
Nic. Ev • rardus. 191
Evora. 90
Euripides. 191
Eusebius Caesariensis, when he lived and flourished. 192
- Why called Eusebius Pamphili, but not Pamphilus. 192
- The ancient Ecclesiastical History. ib.
Eusebius Emissenus. 192
Eustathius Archbishop of Thessalonica. 192
- When he lived. ib.
Eustochium a learned woman. 192
Euthymias Zigabenus. 192
Eutropius, 193
Excester College▪ 96
Ibn Ezra a most learned Jewish Grammarian. 193

IAcobus Faber Stapulensis a very learned man. 193
Petrus Faber. 193
- Buchanans Epigramme of him. 194
Nic. Faber Master to Lewis the 13 ^th King of France. 194
Guido and Nicolaus Fabricii. 194
Georgius Fabricius. 194
Steph. Fabricius. 194
Paulus Fagius a great Hebrician. 194
- The Germans speech of him. ib.
Anton. Faius. 194
Abraham Faius his son. 195
Gabriel Fallopius. 195
William Farel a learned and godly Minister of Geneva. 195
- Beza's Epigram of Calvin, Viret and him. ibid.
Fasciculus Temporum. 195
The Fathers. They were eminent for learning, holiness of life and eloquence, 195
D ^r Featly. 195
Minutius Felix an eloquent Father. 195
Lucius Fenestella a famous Historian not the Author of the Book De Magistratibus & Sacerdotio Romanorum. 196
Dudlie Fenner a learned Divine. 196
Johannes Fernelius a learned French man; Physician to Henry the 2 ^d King of France. 196
Ferrara. 78
Fulgentius Ferrandus. 201
Arnoldus Ferronus. 196
Io. Ferus a famous German Preacher, 196
Jacobus Fevardentius a furious Franciscan. 196
Johannes Fichardus. 197
Marsilius Ficinus of Florence, a famous Philosopher, Physician and Divine. 199
Richard Field a learned Divine. 197
Io. Filesacus. 197
John Fisher Bishop of Rochester. 197
Sir Anthony Fitzherbert a learned Lawyer 197
Lucius Florus when he lived. 197
Ubertus Folieta. 197
Patrick and John Forbes. 198
Franciscus Forerius. 198
Pertus Forrestus a learned Physician. 198
Johannes Forsterus Professor of the Hebrew Tongue at Wittenburg. ib.
Sir John Fortescue an excellent Antiquary and Lawyer. 198
John Fox a Saint-like Historian. 198
- Wrote elegant Latin. 199
Sebastian Fox a most elegant and learned Spanish Philosopher. ib.
Hieronymus Fracastorius a famous Philosopher. 199
France famous for three things. 81
- It hath bred many learned men. ib.
- Its Universities. 81. to 87
Francis the Monk. 199
Francis the first King of France, when he lived. 199
- A great restorer of Learning. 199, 200
Franckford two places of that name. 70
Franekere. 74
Marquardus Freherus. 200
Io. Tho. Freigius famous for his knowledge in Philosophy, Philology, Law, 200
- Ramus his Epigram of him. ibid.
French Language. 64
Friburg. 71
Nicolaus Frischlinus. 200
John Frith a learned Divine and Martyr. 200
John Froissard a French Historian. 201
Libertus Fromondus. 201
Lucas Fruterius. 201
Leonardus Fuchsius. 201
B. Fulgentius. 201
Baptista Fulgosius. 201
D ^r Fulk. 201
Nic. Fuller. 201, 202

IO. Gagn • ius. 203
Robert Gagwin. ibid.
Petrus Galatinus. 204
Galeacius Caracciolus. 204
Galen a learned Physician of Pergamos. ibid.
Petrus Gallandius Master to many famous men in France. ibid.
Galilaeus Galilaeus of Florence. ibid.
Henricus Gandavensis. ibid.
Steven Gardener Bishop of Winchester. 205
Petr. Gassendi the greatest Astronomer now living. ibid.
Thomas Gataker. ibid.
Lucas and Pomponius Gauricus. ibid.
Theodorus Gaza. ibid.
Geber a learned Arabian, but very obscure, 206
Gelasius primus Papa. ibid.
Sigism. Gelenius. ibid.
Aulus Gellius, when he lived, and whether he should be written so or Agellius ibid.
- Taxed by Ludovicus Vives, but defended by Stephanus. ibid
Geminus. ib.
Georgius Gemistius Pletho a Grecian and Professor in Greece. ibid
Gemma Frisius a great Mathematician. ib.
- Why called Gemma, ib.
Cornelius Gemma a famous Physician and Philosopher of Lovain. 207
Gilbert Genebrard a good Hebrician, but a most petulant Writer. ibid.
Geneva. 86, 87
Innocentius Gentiletus. 207
Albericus Gentilis the Regius Professor of Civil Law in Oxford. ib.
Geometry, what it is, its excellencies, and who first invented it. 41, 42
John Gerbard a laborious and learned Divine, 207
Germany. Divers great Scholars bred there. 68
The Universities of Germany. 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75
John Gerson the learnedest man of his time, and the only Doctor of the Council of Constance. 208
- He was surnamed the most Christian Doctor, ibid.
- Paschasius his Verses of him. ib.
Conradus Gesnerus, where and when he was born. 208
- His Works commended. ibid
William Gibieuf a learned Doctor of Sorbonne. ibid
Obertus Gifanius. ibid.
William Gilbert a famous Englishman. 209
- His Book of the Loadstone commended. ibid.
Petrus Gillius a most learned man. ibid.
Sylvester Gyraldus. ibid.
Victor Giselinus, ibid.
Ralph Glanvile a great Lawyer. 210
Henricus Glareanus an excellent Mathematician. 210
Solomon Glassius a great Critick. ibid.
Gloucester -Hall in Oxford. 99
Rodolphus Goclenius, 210
Conradus Goclenius first Professor of the Latin Tongue at Lovain. 210
Francis and Thomas Godwin. ibid
Damianus à Goes. ibid
- Seven Cities strove for his birth. ibid.
Jacobus Golius well skilled in the oriental Tongues. ibid.
Hubertus Gol • zius a great Antiquary. ibid.
Franciscus Gomarus a learned and judicious Divine. ibid.
Christopher Goodman a learned and pious Scotch Divine, 211
Abraham Gorlay his many choice medals of Gold, Silver and Brass. 211
Io Goropius Becanus a good Artist and Linguist. ibid.
Gospel, How it came into Polonia, and the original of the custom of standing up at the Gospel, 20. m.
The everlasting Gospel, or the Gospel of the holy Ghost. 115
Dionysius and Jacobus Gothofredus▪ 211
D ^r Gouge a learned and pious Divine, 211
- Commended. ibid.
Simon Goulartius a learned and godly French Minister. ibid.
Johannes Goverus or Gouerus a learned English Knight, and Poet Laureate, ibid.
Grammarians, who the best, 37, 38
Io. and Saxo Gramaticus. 212
Grammar, what it is, and whence derived. 37, 38
Granado. 89
Lud. Granatensis. 212
D ^r Grant. ibid.
Conradus Graserus went some miles to the Jews to understand Hebrew words. ibid.
Franc. Gratianus, when he lived. ibid.
- He compiled the Canon-Law, ibid. & 44
Gulielmus Gratarolus an excellent Philosopher and Physician. 213
Gratius an ancient Latin Poet contemporary with Virgil and Ovid. 213
John Graves, ibid.
Lady Jane Gray, both learned and religious. ibid.
Greek Language. 61, 62
Who were the pure Greek Writers. 38
Richard Greenham. 213
Gregory the Great, why so called, and when he lived. ibid.
- Bede calls him the Apostle of England, and why, 214
- He first wrote himself Servus servorum Dei. 214
- Verses of him and two other Popes. ibid.
Gregory Thaumaturgus, why so called. ibid.
John Gregory of Oxford, and Gregory of Tours. ibid
James Gretzer a learned Jesuit and good Grecian, the great Defender of Bellar. mine. 214
Grindall. ibid.
Gripswald. 71
Groning. 74
Johannes Groperus would not be Cardinal 214
Hugo Grotius, when and where born, 215
- Piscators Verses of him. ibid.
- Learned but heterodox. ibid.
Ianus Gruterus a famous Critick. ibid.
Simon and Io Iac. Grynaeus. ibid.
Rudolphus Gualtherus Father and Son. 216
Baptista Guarinus. ibid.
Steven Guichard a learned French Linguist. ibid
Francis Guicchardine a famous Historian. ibid.
- Paschasius his Verses of him. ibid.
Melchior Guilandinus. ibid.
Johannes Guinterius Andernacus a learned Physician, ibid.
Gyldas. ibid
Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus. 217

D ^r HAckwell. 217
Theodoricus Hackspanius. 217
D ^r Haddon. ib.
Cardinal Hadrian. ib.
Thaddaeus Hagecius. ib.
John Hales. ib.
Bishop Hall. 218
Bartholdus Hallerus. ibid
Dionysius Halycarnassaeus. ibid.
D. Henry Hammond. ibid
D. Harding. ibid.
Lord Harrington. ibid.
D. Harvey. ibid.
D. Haymo. ibid.
Harderwick. 74
Hart -Hall in Oxford. 99
Heathens called Pagani, and why, • 5
- They are still branded in the Scripture ibid.
- Their knowledge imperfect, and their conversation impious. ibid.
- How the Heathens shall be judged. 6
- The Heathens worshipped many gods. 6
- They could not be saved by the light of nature. ibid.
- Who defended the Christian Religion against the Heathens. 6, 7
Hebrew the first Language, and most ancient of all. 56, 57, 58
- Who were skillful in it. 58
Gaspar us Hedio. 218
Alexander Hegius. He first brought the Greek learning into the Low-countries 219
Heidelburg. 69
Daniel Heinsius. 219
Heliodorus. ib.
Helvicus. ib.
Henry the first King of England, why called Beau Clerk. ib.
Henry the eighth. 219, 220
- He was learned himself, and drew many learned men into England. 220
Desiderius Heraldus. ib.
Lord Herbert. ib.
Heretics. Reformers so called by the Papists, and why. 20
Hermes Trism • g • stus. 220
Conradus Heresbachius. ib.
Hermannus Contractus, why so called, 221
Hermogenes. ib.
Herodian an eloquent and faithful Historian, 221
Herodotus. ib.
- Verses of him. ib.
Hesiod. ib.
John Hessels. ib.
Landgrave of Hessen. 222
Helius Ebanus Hessus. ib.
Hesychius. ibid
Johannes Heurnius. ibid.
Hieroglyphics, what they are. 290
- The Be and Syren the Hieroglyphic of eloquence. 39
Hieronymus a very learned Father. 222
Hilary Bishop of Poicton, and Hilary Bishop of Arles. ibid.
Hildefonsus. 223
Arthur Hilder sham. 223
Hi • cmarus. ib.
Hipparchus a great Astronomer. ib.
Hippocrates the first that wrote methodically the Art of Physic. 223
Hippolitus, 223, 224
History, what it is. 46
- Its double end. ibid.
- The several kinds of History, 46
- Chronology and Topography the two eyes of it. 47
Historians, who the chiefest Greek and Latin, 47
David Hoeschelius, 224
Francis Hottoman a learned French Lawyer, 224
Homer. Seven Cities contended about his birth. His Iliades and Odysses commended, 224, 225
Alcibiades struck a Schoolmaster for not having Homers Works, 225
Festus Hommius, 225
Petrus Cornelius Hoofdius, 225
Richard Hooker, 225
John Ho • per a learned and godly Bishop and Martyr. ib.
Ioachimus Hopperus, ib.
Horatius Flaccus, an ingenious Poet, ib.
Bishop Horn, 226
Conradus Hornaeus. ib.
Lambertus Hortensius, ib.
Stanislaus Hosius, he was employed by three Emperors, and was President in the Council of Trent, ibid.
Rod. Hospintanus, ibid.
Michael Hospitalius, ibid.
Bishop Howson, ibid.
Roger de Howden a famous Historian, 226
Robert Hues, ibid
Hermannus Hugo, ibid.
Hugo Cardinal, 227
Antonius Hulsius, ibid
Humbertus Episcopus, ib.
D. Humfrey, ib.
Hulricus Huttenus a Knight and Poet Laureate, ibid
C. Julius Hyginus, 228
Hipatia or Hypathia a learned woman, who taught publicly at Alexandria, ibid.
Andreas Gerhardus Hyperius a most learned and diligent Divine, ibid.

Dr. IAckson, and Mr. Arthur Jackson, 228
King James, ibid
- Verses on his dying in March.
Jacobus de Voragine the Author of the golden Legend, 229
Richard James and Doctor James, 229
Iamblycus a famous Philosopher, ibid.
Io de Ianduno. ibid
Ianizaries, the great strength of the Turkish Empire, 9
Cornelius Jansen a learned Popish Expositor, 229
Jansen Bishop of Iper, who wrote Sanctus Augustinus, ibid.
Rabbi Solomon Rashi a learned French Jew, who hath commented on all the Bible, ib.
Jason Maynus, 230
Jesuits, when their Order began, 230
- Their title disliked by Papists themselves, ibid.
- Some of them good Expositors, able for controversies, good Philologers, candid and ingenuous, ib.
Ignatius the Martyr, ib.
Matth. Fl. Illyricus heretical, and wherein, 230, 231
- Some of his Works useful to the Church, 230, 231
Johannes de Indagine a great Astrologer, when he flourished, 231
Indices Expurgatorii, two of them, ibid.
- The purpose of them, ibid.
Io. Philippns Ingrassius. ibid.
Ingulphus a learned English Abbot, ib.
Innocentius tertius Papa a learned man, but a great Persecutor of the Church, 232
Alanus Insulensis, ib.
Abbas Ioachimus, ib.
Arthur Ihonston a famous Scotch Poet, ib.
John's College in Oxford, 103
Iornandes, 232
Josephus a famous Jewish Historian, 232, 233
Iosippus, who he was, 233
Paulus Iovius commended by some, and disliked by others, ib.
- Verses of him, ib.
Irenaeus, when he lived, and when he suffered, ib.
John Isaac, a Jew who turned Christian, ib.
Isidorus Hispalensis and Pelusiota, 234
Isocrates a famous Greek Orator, 234
H •• ricus Isselburgius, ib.
Bishop John Ieul commended, ib.
Julian the Apostate, a learned Prince, 235
- He scoffed at Christ and Christians, ib.
Franciscus Junius, a pretty passage between him and a Countryman, 235, 236
- Censured by D. Twisse and Thuanus, 236
Francis Junius his Son, ib.
Patricius Junius, ib.
Fr. Iuretus, ib.
Christ. Iustellus a learned Protestant, ib.
Justinian the Emperor commended, ib.
- Verses by Melancthon of his Institut. ib.
Augustinus Iustinianus a very learned Bishop, 237
Laurentius Justinian, ib.
Leonardus Iustinianus, there were three famous Orators of his Family, ib.
Justin Martyr a famous Philosopher and Martyr. ib.
- When he flourished, ib.
- The ancientst of the Fathers, except Clement. ib.
- How he was brought to the faith, and when he suffered Martyrdom, ib.
Justin the Historian, ib.
Junius Juvenal the best Satirist. ib.
Iuvencus Presbyter, when he flourished, 238
- He comprised the Gospel in four Books of Verses, ib.

BArth. Keckermannus, 238
Thomas de Kempis, ibid
- His Book De imitatione Christi commended, ibid.
John Kepler a famous Mathematician, ib.
Jacobus Kimedontius, ib.
R. David Kimchi a learned Rabbin and deadly enemy to Christians, 239
R. Moses Kimchi. ib.
Athanasius and Conradus Kircherus, ib.
Petrus Kirstenius a great Arabist of Germany, ib.
John Knew stub, a learned Divine, ibid.
John Knox a learned Scotch Divine, ibid.
- Had a prophetic Spirit, ib.
Albertus Krantzius a great enemy to Popery, 238
- His Speech to Luther, ib.

LActantius Firmianus, when he lived 240
- Was poor, ibid.,
- The Christian Cicero, ib.
- Why called Firmianus, ib.
Franciscus Lambertus, ib.
Dionysius Lambinus commended, ib.
Carolus and Johannes Langius, ib.
Steven Langton a learned Englishman, ib.
Languages, 54, 55, 56, 57
Hubertus Languetus, 241
Thomas Lansius, ibid.
Cornelius à Lapide, low of stature, 241
- His Expositions • xed, ib. m.
Johannes Lascares, ib.
Bishop Latimer, 242
Latin Tongue, 63, 64, 65
Johannes Latius, or de L • et, 242
Jacobus Latomus, Father and Son, 241
Lud. Lavaterus, by what Book he got himself a name, 241
Io. Baptista Laurus, 241
Jacobus and Gaspar Laurentius, ibid.
Law, Civil and Canonical, 44
Peter De Lawney, 242
Wolfgangus Lazius. ib.
Learning. Its excellency, 29, 30
- Its usefulness, 31, 32, 33
- Whether human Learning may sawfully be used in a Divine Exercise, 35
- When abused, ib.
- Some times and places favorable to Learning, 35
Iac. Ledesma, 242
Legend, the golden Legend why so called, and what it contains, 242
Leiden. 73, 74
Leiptzige. 70
John Leland a famous Antiquary, 242
Lavinus Lemnius, ibid.
Leo Hebraeus. 243
Leo the first, and the tenth Pope, ibid
Leo the Emperor, 244
Johannes Leo of Africa, ib.
Nicolans Leonicenus and Leonicus, ibid.
Leonardus Lessius, ibid
Lerida, 96
R. Levi Ben Gerson, 244
Io. Lewenclavius, ibid
Libanius. ibid
Liberal Arts, 38, 39
Library. Some of the famous Libraries mentioned, 244, 245
Duncanus Liddelius, 245
Fridericus Lideubrochius, ibid
D. Lightfoot, ibid
Liege, 73
William Lily, 245
Thomas Linacer an Englishman, a great Grammarian, ibid
Lincoln -College in Oxford, 97
William Lindan, 246
Petrus Lindebergius, 246
Linguists. Some great Linguists mentioned, 55
Lions, 84
Aloysius Lippomanus, 246
Iustus Lipsius commended and censured, ibid
Lisbone, 90
Litorae variae, 247
Thomas Littleton a great Lawyer, ibid
Edw. Lively Hebrew Professor in Cambridge, a great Hebrician, ib.
Titus Livius a famous Historian, ib.
Loadstone, its wonderful virtue, 50
Logic, what it is, 39
Aloysius Lollinus, 248
Peter Lombard the Father of the Schoolmen. ib.
- Why surnamed Master of the sentences ibid.
- Commended, ib.
Dionysius Longinus a great Rhetorician, ib.
Christ. Longomantanus a great Mathematician. ibid.
Christopher Longoly, where he was born, ib.
- A great Ciceronian, ib.
- He died young, 249
Petrus Lorichius, ib.
Io. Lorinus, ib.
Lovain, 73
Lucan and Lucian, 249
Gaius Lucilius, ibid.
Lucius the first Christian King of England, 250
Titus Lucretius, ib.
Ludovicus Romanus, ib.
Raym Lullius, ib.
Martin Luther, ibid
- What Verse Melancthon seeing his picture uttered, ib.
- Other Verses of him, ib.
- Commended, ib.
Beza's Verses of him, 251
- The Reformed Religion long before Luther, 22
Lycophron an ancient and very obscure Poet. ibid.
Thomas Lydiat a learned Mathematician ib.
Lyranus, Lyrator, or de Lyra a learned Jew, ib.
- When he lived, ibid.
- He wrote learnedly upon all the Scripture. ib.
- The Papists saying of him, ib.

NIcholas Machiavell a great Historian, when he lived, 252
John. Macovius a learned Divine, ibid.
Georgius Macropedius a learned Poet, ibid.
Gaius Cilnius Macenus the patron of Learning, ibid.
Johannes Petrus Maffaeus a very eloquent Italian, ib.
Raphael Maffaeus a learned man also, ib.
Magdalene -College in Oxford, 104
Magdalene Hall, 104
Magdalene College in Cambridge, 103
Ferdinandus Magellanus. 252
Magic condemned, 52
Magistrate, his power in matters of religion, 25
- Whether he may tolerate many Religions in one Commonwealth, 25, 26
Mohammedanism, when it began, and what it is, 8
- The reasons of its spreading, 9
R. M. Maimon, or Rabbi Ben Maimon, or Maimonides, famous among Jews, Christians, and Mohammedans, 273
- Commended highly, ibid.
- The Jews speech of him, ib. m
- Why called Aegyptius and Rambam, 253. m.
Johannes Major a famous Scotchman, 253
Buchanans Verses against him, ibid.
M. Antonius Majoragins, ib.
Majorica, 90, 91
Maldonado a learned Jesuit, and judicious Expositor on the four Evangelists, 253
- He was wronged by those that published his Works after his death, ibid. m.
Gulielmus Malmesburiensis a famous Historiographer, 254
Io. Manardus, ib.
M. Manilius or Manlius, ib.
Baptista Faustus Mantuanus a learned Poet of Mantua, ibid
- Verses of him, ibid
- He discovered the abuses of Rome, ibid.
Aldus Manutius senior and junior, 254, 255
Paulus Manutius, two of that name, 255
Gualt. Mapes a witty writer, who discovers the vices of the Church of Rome, ibid.
Samuel Maresius a learned French Divine, Professor at Groning, ibid
Ammianus Marcellinus, when he lived, Commended, ibid.
Io. Mariana a learned Jesuit, ib.
Maximus Margunus, ib.
Psalterium B. Mariae, Bonaventure the author of it, 256
Marianus Scotus, ib.
Augustine Marlorate a learned French Protestant-Divine, ibid.
Philip Marnix, 256
- Verses of him, ib.
Cl • m Marot a French Poet, ibid.
Margarite Queen of Navar, 257
Marsilius de Sancta Sophia, ib.
M. Valerius Marsialis a witty Poet, but too obscene, ibid.
Matthias and Petrus Martinius, ibid.
Martpurge, 71
Peter Martyr a learned Italian, 257
- Commended, ib.
Andreas Masius a great Linguist, 258
Masorites, 258
Christianus Maffaeus, ib.
Papyrius Massonius, ib.
Antonius and Petrus Matthaeus, ib.
Petrus Andreas Matthiolus, ib.
Mathematics, what they are, and their excellency, 40, 41
- How divided, ibid.
- The most famous Mathematicians, ib.
Maximilian, 259
Barthol. Mayerus, ib.
Joseph Mede, 259
De Medicis, that house a great favourer of Learning, ibid.
- What they give for their Arms, ib.
Cosmi de Medicis, ib.
Laurence and Peter de Medicis, ib.
John, Michael and Barthol. à Medina. 260
John. Henricus and Marcus Meibomius. ib.
Balthasar Meisner, 260
Adolphus Mekerkus, ib.
Philip. Melancthon commended, ib.
- What he wrote before his death, 261
- He was too fearful, ib.
- Paschasius his Verses of him. ib.
Andrew Melvin a famous Scotch Poet, ibid.
- Verses made by him, and of him, ib.
Menander an ancient Poet, 261
Manasseh Ben Israel a learned Jew now living, ib.
Jacobus and Stephanus Menochius, ib.
Paulus Melissus Scholius a learned Poet, ib.
Ments, 16
Gerard Mercator a famous Mathematician and Cosmographer, 261
John and Josiah Mercer commended, 262
Hier. Mercurialis a learned Physician of Padua, 262
Mercurius Trismegistus, ib.
Marinus Mersennus, ib.
Merlinus the Prophet, and Peter Merlin ib.
Merton -College in Oxford, 96
Georgius and Paulus Merula, 263
Messiah, the promised Messiah is come, 11
Jesus of Nazareth is the promised Messiah, 12
Metaphysics, 45, 46
D. Methodius a Christian Poet and Martyr, 263
John Meursius commended, ib.
Milan, 78
Minutius Felix, 263
Io. Picus Mirandula commended, 263, 264
- His Epitaph, 263
John Francis Picus Mirandula his Nephew, 264
Modena, 80
Leo Modena a Jew now living, 264
Michael Maestlinus, 264
Johannes Molanus, ibid.
Carolus Molinaeus a learned French Lawyer, and a Protestant, ibid
Petrus Molinaeus.
Peter du Moulin a learned and pious French Divine now living, 264, 265
Dominicus Molinus commended. 265
Henricus Mollerus, ibid
Mompeliers, 86
Monkery highly esteemed by the Papists, 17
Bishop Montague, 265
Arias Montanus a great Linguist, skilled in ten Languages, ibid
- Famous for his diligence and faithfulness in the King of Spain's Bible, ib.
Michael Montanus famous for his Essays ibid.
Ant. Montecatinus an exquisite Aristotelian, ibid.
Olympia Fulvia Morata a learned and pious woman, 265, 266
Sir Thomas More a witty and learned man, but a great enemy to the truth of the Gospel. 266
- Too much given to jesting and scoffing ib.
John Morinus a learned Papist, ibid
Philip Mornay Lord of Plessis, ibid.
Bishop, Morton, and another Thomas Morton, 267
Simeon Muis an excellent Hebrieian, ibid.
Sebastian Munster a Germane, a learned Hebrician and Mathematician, 267
- When he was born, ib.
- Commended, ib. m.
Marcus Antonius Muretus a very eloquent and diligent Writer, 267
- Commended, ibid.
Musaeus, when he lived, ibid.
Wolfangus Musculus a judicious and solid Divine, ibid.
- When he lived, ibid.
- Commended, ibid. m.
Music, the inventer of it, its several kinds, 42
Ioachimus Mynsingerus, 268

CN▪ Navius a famous ancient Poet, 269
- Commended, ib. & m.
Petrus Nannius a general Scholar, ibid.
- Commended, ibid. m.
Franciscus Nansius, 270
John Napier a learned Scot, inventer of the Logarithmes, ibid
Naples, 80
Natalis Comes commended, 270
R. Mordecai Nathan. ibid
Gabriel Naudaeus a learned Frenchman, ib.
Johannes Nauclerus. ib.
Andreas Navagerius a most complete Poet, Orator, and Historian, ibid
Navigation, 50
Gregory Nazianzen, when born, 270
- Famous for his piety, learning, zeal and patience, ibid.
- An assistant to his Father at Nazianzen, but not Bishop there, ibid. & 271
Aelius Antonius Nebrissensis commended 271. m.
Neander a Physician and most excellent Poet, 271
New -College in Oxford, 97
New -Inn in Oxford, 100
Nicephorus Callistus and Gregoras, 271
Nicetes Choni •• es when he lived, ibid.
- Commended, ibid. m.
Nicolaus quintus, Papa a great Patron of Learning and learned men, 271, 272
Io. Nider, ibid
Theod. à Niem Secretary to divers Popes, ibid
P. Placidus Nigidius. ibid.
Io. Nirembergius an Eloquent Author, ibid.
Nismes, 86
Marius Nizolius, 272
Flaminius Nobilius, ibid.
Andreas Nolthius a great Mathematician, 273
Nonnus Panopolit▪ ibid.
Alexander Nowel a learned and pious Divine. ibid.
Gregory Nyssene when he flourished. 273

BErnardinus Ochinus a Socinian, 273
Ch. Oclandus a famous English Poet, ib.
Gulielm. de Ockam a learned Englishman, ib.
- Commended, ibid. m. & 274
Od • Abbot of Clun, 274
Io. Occolampadius a great friend to Zwingli, ibid.
- Commended, ibid.
Oecumenius, ibid
Ogilvy a Scotch Poet, ib.
Caspar Olevian, ib.
Olmuts, 88
Onkelos the Author of the Chaldee Metaphrase of the Pentateuch, 274
- When he lived, ib. m.
Onuphrius Pauvinius commended, 274
Johannes Oporinus a famous Printer at Basil, 275
Oppian a famous Greek Poet, 275
- Received a piece of gold for every Verse of the Emperor Antonins, 275
Optatus the learned Bishop of Millevita, when he lived, 275
Opticks, 88
Orial College in Oxford, 97
Origen, Scholar to Clemens Alexandrinus, 275
- Erroneous, ibid.
- When he lived, ibid.
- Commended, ibid.
- Why called Adamantius, ibid.
Orleans, 85
Orontius Fineus Professor of the Mathematics at Paris under Francis the first, 275
- When and where born, ib.
Paulus Orosius, 276
Orpheus a very ancient Poet long before Homer, ib.
Abraham Ortelius a famous Cosmographer, ib.
Andreas Osiander, learned, but erroneous ib.
- His Error about being justified by the essential righteousness of Christ confuted, ib.
Hier. Osorius an eloquent man and too precise a follower of Tully, 277
- Which of his Books most esteemed, ib.
Arnald. Ossat a learned French Cardinal, ib.
Otto the second escaped a danger by his skill in the Greek Tongue, ib.
William Oughtred a great Mathematician, ib.
Ovid had a natural genius to Poetry, ib.
- Commended, ib.
Oxford, 92. to 100
- Why called Bellositum, 92. m.
- Was reckoned one of the four ancient Universities by the Council of Vienna, and had the second, if not the first place, ib.
- Its Antiquity asserted, ib. & 94, 95
- Famous for learned Scholars, 95

RIchard Paci • Secretary for the Latin Tongue to King Henry the eighth, commended, 278
Fabius and Julius Pacius, ib.
Marcus Pacuvius, ib.
Padu • , 77
Paganism condemned, 5
Pagans, why so called, ib.
John Paget a learned Divine, 279
Santes Pagninus an excellent Hebrician, 279
Painting, 50
Petrus de Palude or Paludanus, 279
Jacobus Pamelius, ib.
Guido Pancirolus and Franciscus Panigarola, ib.
Anton. Panormita, ib.
Abbas Panormitanus, ib. & 280
Henricus Pantaleon, 280
Paphnutius famous in Ecclesiastical History, 280
Papia, 78
Papinianus a famous Lawyer, 280
Papists nickname and hardly entreat the Protestants, 21
Johannes Pappus a learned Lutheran, 280
Paracelsus had many names, ibid
- He held three principles of things, ib.
- He often censures the Ancients, ib.
Daniel, David and Philip Pareus, 280, 281
Paris, 81, 82, 83
Matthew Paris or Parisius a faithful and diligent English Historian, 281
- Why so called, ib. m.
Gul. Parisiensis. 281
Robert Parker a reverend Divine, ibid.
John Parkins, ib.
Robert Parsons an English Jesuit, a great railer, ibid.
Carolus Paschalius, 281
Stephanus Paschasius, 282
George and Matthias Pasor, ib.
Steven Pasquier a learned Frenchman, ib.
John Passeratius a learned Frenchman, the King of France his Professor of eloquence, ib.
Franciscus Patricius Venetus, ib.
C. Velleius Paterculus an elegant Historian, but a flatterer of Tiberius, 283
Patrick the first or second Archbishop of Ireland, ib.
Pope Paul the third, learned himself, and a lover of learned men, ib.
D. Paulinus Aquitanicus, ib
Julius Paulinus a learned Lawyer of Padua, ib.
Father Paul of Venice, a wise and learned man, 283, 284
Pausanias, he hath excellently described ancient Greece, 284
John Peacham Archbishop of Canterbury 284
Peireskins a great Antiquary, ib.
- His Life excellently written by Gassendi, ibid.
Pelagins a Britain by birth. ibid.
- The Heads of his Error, .284▪ m.
- Who wrote against him, ib.
Pelagians so called from him, ib.
- What they taught, ibid. & 285
John Pell a learned English Mathematician, ibid.
Conradus Pellicanus a learned Germane Divine, a great Linguist, ibid.
William Pemble a learned and pious English Divine, 285
- His speech about Justification, when he died, ib.
Pembroke -College in Oxford, 99
Pembrook -Hall in Cambridge, 101
John Pena Professor of Mathematics to the King of France in Paris, 285
Gabriel Penottus, ib.
Benedictus Pererius a learned Jesuit, ib.
William Perkins a learned and godly Divine, ib.
- Commended, ib.
Cardinal Perron, 286
- Commended, ib.
- His Books against the Protestants well answered, and by whom, ib.
Nicolaus Perottus, 286
Persian Language, 61
Aulus Persius Flaccus the most eloquent Satirist, yet obscure, 286
Dionysius Petavius a learned French Jesuit, 286
- Commended and censured, ib.
Peter -House in Cambridge, 101
Samuel Petitus a very learned Frenchman, 287
Francis Petrark a witty and sententious Italian Orator and Poet, ib.
- When he was born and died, ibid.
- Commended, ib.
- He inveighs against Rome, ib.
- His Life written, and by whom, ibid.
- Part of his Epitaph, ibid.
Petronius Arbiter an obscene Writer, yet his Latin is pure, ibid
Suffridus Petrus a Frisian, who wrote the History of Frisia, and of the Writers of Frisia. 288
Gasper Peucer a learned Physician and Mathematician, ib.
- He wrote a singular Book of his own imprisonment, ib.
Christ. Pezelius a learned Writer, ibid.
Demetrius Phalereus, ib.
Philo Judaeus who lived in Christ's time, or after his passion, but was unskillful in the Hebrew, ib.
- Commended, ib.
- The Book of Wisdom written by him, ibid
Io. Philoponus, ibid.
Philosophy natural and moral, 44, 45
Philosophers the several sorts, 44
The chief Philosophers, ib. m
John Philpot one of the most learned of our English Martyrs, 289
Fl. Philostratus, ibid.
Gul. Philander a very learned man, ibid.
Franciscus Philelphus, ibid.
Phisiognomy, 51, 52
Phoenicians the inventers of Arithmetic 41
Photinus learned, but a great Heretic, 289
Photios Patriarch of Constantinople, the learnedst man of his time, ibid
Physic. 45
Alexander and Francis Piccolomny, 289
Pet. Picherellus a learned Frenchman, ibid.
- His Notes on a great part of the New Testament unhappily lost, ib.
Io. Pierius Valerianus, 290
- Some of his Works commended, ibid.
Albertus Pighius a learned Papist, ibid.
- He by reading Calvin altered his judgment, 290. m.
Stephanus Pighius, 290
Laurentius Pignorius the great ornament of Italy, commended, ibid.
Pindar one of the chief Lyrick Poets, ibid.
- Commended, ibid.
Pineda, 291
Johannes Vincentius Pinellus a learned Italian, skilled in many Languages, ib.
- How he adorned his house, ib.
John Piscator an excellent Scripture-Divine, but no School-Divine, ib.
Io. Pistorius, ib.
Io. Pitsaeus. ib.
Franciscus and Peter Pithaeus, 291, 292
Bartholomaeus Pitiscus a learned Divine and Mathematician, 292
Plantavitzius. ib.
Christopher Plantine a learned Printer, ib.
Bartholomaeus or Baptista Platina a most learned man, ib.
Felix Platerus. Verses on his name. ib.
Plato, was called Divine for his rare wisdom, 293
- Whence he had his name, ib.
Plautus, where born, ib.
C. Plinius the Uncle, and Plinius secundus the younger, ibid.
- Verses of the younger Pliny▪ 294
Edmund Ployden a great Lawyer, ib.
- His Commentaries commended, 294
Plutarch, where born, ib.
- A grave and learned Writer, ib.
- Commended, ib.
- Verses of him, ib.
Edward Pocock Professor of Hebrew and Arabic in Oxford. ib.
Poetry. 48, 49, 50
- The several sorts of Poets, 49, 50
Johannes Franciscus Poggius Florentinus, 295
Poitiers. 83
Amandus Polanus. 295
Angelus Politianus, why so called, 295
- Commended, ib.
Julius Pollux. ib.
Reginaldus Polus Cardinalis. 296
- Commended and censured. ib.
Polyander à Kerckoven. ib.
Polybius a learned Historian, ib.
Polycarpus, when he lived, 290
Arnoldus Pontacus. 296
Io. Isaacius Pontanus. 97
Lud. de Ponte Romanus, or Pontanus. 297
Popery, what it is, 13
- The contrarieties in it, ib.
- God had his people in the midst of Popery, 15
- The Popish Church not holy, ib.
Ausonius Popma, 297
Porchetus, ib.
Porphyry an enemy to Christians, ib.
Gilbertus Porretanus, ib.
Io. Baptista Porta. ib.
John. Vincentius Porta. 298
Posnavia. 87
Johannes Posselius a pious and learned man 298
Antonius Possevinus, ib.
Johannes Posthius a learned Physician and Poet, ib.
Gul. Postellus a great Linguist. ib.
- The first of Christians which published the rudiments of the Arabic Grammar, ib.
Odeschalcus Praetorius, ib.
- A Verse upon him. ib.
Regnerus Praedinius. ib.
Hieronymus Pragensis when burnt at Constance. 299
Prague. 87
D ^r John Preston. 299
D ^r Prideaux. ib.
Sylvester de Prierie. ib.
Gilbert and David Primrose. ib.
Printing an useful Art, by whom invented, 53, 54
- Famous Printers. 54
Priscianus a famous Grammarian, 299
Proclus had a great memory, ib.
- A great Mathematician and Philosopher, ib.
Procopius Gazaeus. ib.
Propertius singular in Elegies, 300
- Verses of him, ib.
Prosper of Aquitane. ib.
Protestants, why called Lollards in England, and Huguenots in France. 21
Proverbs. 300
Aurelius Prudentius when he lived, ib.
- Commended, ib
Claudius Ptolomaeus, when he flourished; 301
- Commended, ib.
Ptolomaeus Philadelphus a favourer of Learning, and famous for a magnificent Library, 301
Erye. Puteanus. 301
Claudius Puteanus commended, ib.
Samuel Purchas our English Ptolemy. 301, 302
Pythagoras the Philosopher, where born, 302
- The illustrator, if not inventer of the Mathematics, ib.
- His Scholars highly honored him, ib.

QUeens. College in Oxford. 97
- In Cambridge. 102
Johannes Quinquarboreus Regius Professor of Hebrew and Chaldee at Paris. 302
Quintilian commended. 302

RAbanus Ma • r • s, when he lived, 303
- Commended, ib.
Franciscus Rabelaesus a witty, but Atheistical French Physician, ibid.
Jacobus Ranardus a great Lawyer, ibid.
Georgius Ragusius commended, ib.
D ^r John Rainolds a learned and pious Doctor of Oxford, ibid.
- Commended, ib.
Sir Walter Raleigh, ib.
Ralph a Monk of Fulda, 304
Petrus Ramus commended, ib.
- Verses of him, ib.
- Slain at the great Massacre at Paris, ib.
Ranulphus, ibid
Francis Raphelengius a learned Linguist, ibid.
Rasis or Rhasis a great Physician of Arabia, ib.
William Rastall a great Lawyer, 304, 305
Franciscus Ranchinus, 305▪
Johannes and Pet. Ravennas, ibid.
Hermannus Ravenspergerus, ibid
Reconciliation of different Religions how far justifiable, 23, 24
- Whether the Protestants may be Reconciled with the Papists, 24, 25
Reformation of the Church of Rome necessary, 14, 15
The Reformed Religion maintained, 17, 18, 19
The means taken by the first Reformers for promoting the work of Religion, 19
Reformed Writers commended, 19. & 20
- And the purity of their Doctrine asserted, 20.
- Nicknamed by the Papists, 20
The Papists two great Objections against the Reformed Religion answered, 21, 22
Johannes Mullerus Regiomontanus one of the famousest Mathematicians of Germany, 305
- When he lived, ib.
- He found out the tenth sphere, and its diurnal motion, ibid.
Jacobus Reihingius, 305
Erasmus Reinholdus a famous Astronomer, ibid.
Religion that it is. 1
- What it is, 2
- The Hebrew, Greek and Latin words for Religion opened, ib
- Defined, ib.
- It is true or false, ibid.
- Its antiquity, ibid.
Rules to know the true Religion, 2. & 3
Christian Religion planted by the power of God, 3
Wherein the glory of Religion lies, 3, 4
Means to keep us constant in the true Religion, 4
Whether men may be saved in any Religion, ibid.
Of the chief false Religions, 5. to 17
Of the Reformed Religion, 17, 18, 19
The Papists use both violent and fraudulent means to propagate their Religion, 16, 17
Relics, the worshipping of them condemned, 16
Remigius commended, 305, 306
Georgius Remus, ibid.
John Reuchlin commended, 306
- Iovius makes him the author of that Book, Epistolae obseurorum virorum, ibid.
- He bred many excellent Scholars, ib.
Nicolaus Reusnerus, 306
Reims, 85
Beatus Rhenanus commended, 306
- Verses of him, ibid.
Rhetoric, what it is, and whence derived, 39
Johannes Rhodius, 307
Ludovicus Coelius Rhodiginus, when he lived, ibid.
- Commended, ibid.
- His Epitaph, ib.
Pet. Ribadeneyra, ibid.
Fr. Ribera a learned Jesuit, ib.
Antonius Riccobonus, ib.
Christophorus Riccius, ib.
Paulus Riccius a learned Germane Jew converted to the Christian Faith, 308
Bishop Ridley the most learned Martyr in Queen Mary's days, ibid.
Petrus Riga, ibid.
Nicolaus Rigaltius, ib.
John. Riolanus both the Father and the Son ib.
Ioachimus Fortius Ringelbergius, ibid
Fridericus Risnerus, ibid.
Couradus Ritterhusius, when and where he was born, 308. & 309
- Commended, ibid. m.
Sir Thomas Rives, 309
Andrew and William Rivet, ib.
Mart. de Roa, ibid.
Franciscus Robortellus, ib.
Angelus Roccha, ib.
Robert Rollock a learned Scotch Divine, 310
Romances, whence the word comes, 64
Adrianus Romanus, 310
Rome, 75, 76
Gulielmus Rondeletius an excellent Physician, 310
Peter Ronsard Prince of the French Poets ibid.
- An Epitaph of him, ib.
Bartas and Cardinal Perrons speech of him, 310, 311
Io▪ Rosinus, 311
Alexander Ross a learned Scotchman, ibid.
Rostock, 71
Herebertus Rosweydus a learned Jesuit, 311
Hieronymus Roverius, ib.
Hier. Rubeus a famous Physician, ibid.
Rudolphus secundus Imperator, ib.
Johannes Ruellius, ibid.
Ruffinus Presbyter, ib.
David Rungius, 311, 312
Rupertus Abbot of Tuy commended, 312
Io. de Rupescissa, ib.
Ianus Rutgersius, ibid.

EManuel Sa, 312
Marcus Antonius Cooceius Sabellicus, ibid.
Raymundus de Sabunde, ib.
Io. de Sacro bosco a famous Philosopher and Mathematician, 313
- When he flourished, ib.
- An Englishman, ibid.
Antonius Sadeel commended, 313. m
Iac. Sadoletus a learned Cardinal, 313
- Thought to be poisoned, ibid
Salamanca, 8 •
Salern, 80, 81
Iac. Salianus. 313
Cl. Salmasius a learned French Critick, 313, 314
- Commended and censured, 314
Alph. Salmeron, ibid.
Salvianus, 314
Salustius Crispus, ib.
Samaritan Language. 58, 59
Scaevola Sammarthanus a learned French Poet, 314
- Verses to him, ibid.
D ^r Sanderson, ibid.
Guspar Sanctius a learned Spaniard, 315
Antonius and Nic. Sanderus, ib.
Hugo Sanfordus. ibid.
Jacobus Sannazarius a learned Poet, ibid
Cardinal Bembus his Epigram upon him, ib.
Sappho Lesbia when she lived, ib.
- The Sapphick Verses so called from her, 316
Saragossa, 90
Erasmus Sarcerius a learned Divine, 316
Alex. Sardus, ib.
Io. Sarisburiensis, ib.
Adam Sasbout, ib.
Hieronymus Savanarola a Dominican. and famous Preacher, ib.
Sir Henry Savill a great Mathematician, and expert Grecian, ib.
- Commended, 317
Scaligers, both Julius and Joseph, ib.
- Verses of them, ibid.
Julius Caesar Scaliger, ibid.
- Commended and censured, ibid
Joseph Scaliger commended. 317
Ch. Scheibler, 319
William Schickard a great Linguist, ib.
Valentine Schindler, ib.
Martinus Schoockius, ib.
School -Divinity, 38
Schools. Grammar schools the Nurseries of Learning, ib.
The most famous trivial Schools in England, 92
Gaspar and Andrew Schoppius, 319
Scotland, 53
D ^r Sclater, 321
Learned men of Scotland, and its Universities, 103, 104
Cornel. Schonaeus a Poet of most elegant wit, 319
And. Schottus a learned and candid Jesuit, ibid.
Io. Duns Scotus a learned Englishman, the wittiest of all the Schoolmen, 320
- When he lived, ib.
- Verses of him, ib.
Johannes Scotus Erigena an Irishman, Master to King Alfred, 320
- Witty and pleasant, ib.
- He was murdered by his Scholars with their penknives, 321
Caelius Sedulius Scotus, 322
Carolus Scribanius censured, 321
Pet. Scriverius, ib.
Anna Maria a Schurman a learned Dutchwoman, ib.
Bartholomaus and Abraham Scultetus, 322
John Selden a learned English Lawyer, ib.
- His Books commended, ib.
- What he wrote in all his Books. ib.
Nicolaus Selneccerus Doctor of Divinity in Lipsia, 322
- His Distich for himself, ib.
Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Philosopher, when born, 323
- The Prince of the Stoics, ib.
Nero 's Schoolmaster, ib.
Seneca the Tragic Poet, ibid.
Sixtus Senensis commended, ib.
Dan. Sennertus a learned Physician, ibid.
Nic. Serarius a good Hebrician, ib.
Servius a most learned Grammarian, ibid.
Sulpitius Severus commended, 324
Robert Sheringham, ib.
D ^r Sibbes. ib.
Sir Philip Sidney, 324
Sidney-Sussex -College in Cambridge, 103
Sienna, 80
Sigebertus Monk of Gemblaux, 324
Carolus Sigonius a most accurate Writer ib.
Siguenca, 90
Silius Italicus, 324
Jacobus Silvius a learned man and great Physician, but covetous, ib.
- Buchanans Verses of him, ib.
Io. Simlerus, 324, 325
Simonides, 325
Simplicius, ib.
Gabriel Sionita, ib.
Jacobus Sirmondus a learned French Jesuit, ib.
Siville, 88
John Sleiden, 325
Henricus Smetius, 326
Erasmus Schmidt, ibid.
Bishop Smith and Sir Thomas Smith, ib. Rodolphus Snellus, 326
Ernardus and Theodoricus Snepsius, ibid.
Laelius and Faustus and Marianus Socinus, 327
Socinianism sprung from Mohammedanism, 9
The main parts of Socinianism, 327
Socrates Scholasticus, ib.
C. Julius Solinus Polyhist. ib.
George Sohn Doctor of Divinity in Heidelburg, 327
Sophocles, ib.
- Commended, 328
Sore or Sorre. 75
Dominicus Soto a Spanish Divine of great fame, ib.
Sozomen • , ib.
Spain. The famous learned men there, 88
- The Universities there, 88 to 91
Frederick Spanheme a learned and pious French Divine, 328
Spanish Language, 64
Aelius Spartianus, 328
Sir Henry Spelman a learned and painful Antiquary, ib.
Edmund Spencer the Prince of English Poets in his time, ib.
- His Epitaph, ib.
Ad. Spigelius a learned Physician, 328
Io. Stadius a great Mathematician, 329
Sir William Stamford a great Lawyer, ib.
Richard Stanihurst a learned Irish Papist, ibid.
Thomas Stapleton a learned Englishman, ib.
Papinius Statius a good Poet, ib.
D. Josiah Stegman, ib.
Didacus Stella, ib.
Godeschalcus Stewichius, ib.
Henry and Robert Stevens, 329, 330
Stephanus Stephanius, 330
Io. Stobaus, ibid
Stoics the strictest Sect of the Philosophers, yet far short of Christians, 5
D Stoughton a learned and pious Divine, 330
Strabo and Walfr. Strabo. ibid.
Strabus Monachus Fuldensis, ib.
- Author of the Ordinary Gloss, ib.
Famianus Strada a famous Orator, Poet and Historian, ib.
S • reso a learned Divine, 331
Victorinus Strigelius, when he lived, ib.
- Commended, ib.
Kyriacus Strozza a great Philosopher, ib.
Io. Guliel. Stuckius commended, ib.
Johannes and Jacobus Sturmins, ib.
Fr. Suarez, 332
C. Suetonius Tranquillus a very faithful Historian, 332
- When he lived, ibid.
- Commended, ibid
Soudas, ib.
D. Sutlive, ib.
Immanuel Sayno, ib.
Fran. Swortius, ib.
Roger Swinset or Suisset a famous English School Divine, ib.
- Commended, 332. m.
Caspar Schwenckfeldius, 333
Frid. Sylburgius a great Grecian, ib.
Symmachus, ib.
Gul. Sympsonus and Edward Symson, ib.
Michael Syncellus, ib.
Synesius Cyreneus, ib.
Syriac Language, 59, 60

COrnelius Tacitus, when he lived, 335. m.
- Commended, ibid.
- His History preferred before his Annals, ibid.
Tadaus or Thadaeus, 336
Audomarus Talaeus Professor of eloquence at Paris, 336
Talmud, what it is, the Babylonian, and that of Jerusalem, ib.
- The two parts of it Mischna and Gemara, 336
Talisman made by Virgil, 355
Ruardus Tapperus, 336
Io and Paulus Tarnovius, ib.
Alex. Tartagnus, ib.
Tatianue Alexandrinus, 337
Friderieus Taubmannus a learned and pious man, ib.
John. Taulerus, ib.
Francis Taylor and D ^r Taylor, ibid.
Sir William Temple, ib.
Io. Temporarius, how long it is reported he lived, ib.
Terence, when he lived, 337, 338
- Commended, ibid. & 38▪ & 63 m.
Tertullian, where and when he was born, 338
- The ancientst of the Latin Fathers, ib.
- Commended and censured, ib.
Testament. The Greek Testament rare in Germany before Pelican, 285
Testamentum Novum, 338
Io. Ravisius Textor commended and censured, 339
Themistius, ibid.
Themistocles, ib.
Theocritus a famous Greek Poet, ib.
Theodoret Bishop of Cyrus in Syria, ibid.
- Follows Chrysostom, ib.
Theodotio Ponticus, ib.
Theon a great Mathematician, ib.
Theophanes, ib.
Theophilus Antiochenus, 340
Theophrastus, why so called, ib.
- Commended, ibid.
Theophylact Archbishop of Bulgaria the Epitomizer of Chrysostom, ib.
- When he lived, ib.
Andrew Thevet Cosmographer to the French King, ib.
Toulouse, 86
Herbert Thorndike, 340
Jacobus Augustus Thuanus a most faithful Historian, 350
- Commended, ib. & 351
Thucydides, when he lived, 341. m.
- Commended, 341
Tibullus a most elegant Poet, 341
Daniel Tilenus a learned man, but inconstant, ibid.
Andreas Tiraquellus commended, ibid.
- Hath illustrated Alexander ab Alexandro his Genialium dierum, ibid.
Jacobus Tirinus a learned Jesuit, ib.
Toledo. 88
Toleration, Whether of many Religions lawful, 216
- Not of the Papists, and how far of the Jews, 26, 27
Fr. Toletus a learned Cardinal and Jesuit 342
- His Commentary on John commended, 342
- Himself commended, ib. m.
- Honoured by the Pope, ib.
Jacobus Philippus Thomasinus, ib.
George Thompson, ib.
Cutbert Tonstall, ib.
Torquatus Tassus a learned Poet, 343
Aug. Torniellus a learned and diligent Italian Historian, ib.
Levinus Torrent • us commended, ib.
- A great Poet, ib.
Johannes Tortellius, ib.
Tortura Torti commended, 115, 116
Daen. and Paul Tossanus, 343
Georgius Trapezuntius whence so called, ib.
- Lost his Learning in his old-age, ib.
Walter Travers a learned and piovs Diviue, ib.
Lucas Trelcatius, 344
Immanuel Tremellius commended, 344
Trier. 69
Iac. Triglandins, 344
Trinity -College in Oxford, 99
- In Cambridge, 101
Trinity Hall in Cambridge, 97
Io. Trithemius when he lived. 344
- Commended, ib.
Very skillful in Magic, 344
Trivial Schools, why so called, 38
Mart. Trostius, 344
Tubing, 69, 70
Turin, 79
Turks, their Religion, 89
- Their abstinence and sobriety, 9
- They prepare themselves to prayer by outward washing, 10
Adrianus Turnebus Professor of Philosophy and Greek to the French King in Paris, 344
- Commended, ib. m. & 345
Benedict Turretine a learned Frenchman, 345
Franciscus Turrianus, ib.
Jacobus Tusanus a singular Grecian, ib.
Dr. Twisse a learned English Divine, who hath solidly refuted the Arminians, ibid.
Pontus Tyardaeus, ib
William Tyndale commended, 346
- A Distich on him, ib.

IOachimus Vadianus the chiefest Cosmographer of his time, 346
Matthaeus Vayerus, ib.
Valentia. 89
Gregory de Valentia a very learned Jesuit 346
- A Booksellers Speech of him, 347
Petrus Valladanus a learned French Minister, 346
Valladolis. 89
Valerius Maximus good for Themes, 347
- Verses of him, ib.
Laurentius Valla commended and censured, 347, 348
Cyprian de Valera, 348
Lucas Valerius the Archimedes of his age, ib.
Henry and Franciscus Vallesius, ib,
Marcus Varro highly commended, 348, 349
- His Etymologies are somewhat forced 349
Gabriel Vasquez the Papists most expert Schoolman, ib.
Franciscus Vatablus a famous French Hebrician, 349, m.
John Udall a learned and pious Diviue, ib.
Nic. Vedelius a learned French Writer, ibid
And. Vega one of the learnedst at the Council of Trent, 349
Flavius Vegetius. ibid
Marcus Velserus, when he lived, ibid. m.
- Commended, 349, 350
Venantius Honorius. 350
Venice. 76, 77
Claudius Verderius the great Censurer, 350
Paulus Vergerius an eloquent Lawyer and Philosopher. ibid
- Turned Protestant. ib.
Jacobus Verheidenus. 351
Verse. Which Verse in Virgil the Devil judged to be best, 141
Andreas Vessalius, where and when he was born, 351
- A famous Anatomist. ibid
Sextus Aurelius Victor a most elegant Historian. ibid.
- When he lived. ibid.
Hugo and Richardus de S. Victore, ib.
Fr. à Victoria, why so called, ibid
- Commended, ibid.
Victorinus Afer. 352
Petrus Victorius a singular Grecian, ibid,
Marcus Hieron, Vidas an excellent Poet. ibid.
Vienna. 72
Franciscus Vieta a learned French Mathematician, 352
Nic. Vignerius Father and Son. ib.
Io. Baptista Villalpandus a learned Divine and Mathematician. ibid
Arnaldus de Villa-Nova. 353
Simon Villa-Novanus commended, ib.
Alexander de Villa Dei. ib.
Laurentius Villa Vincentius a Spaniard. ibid.
- Hyperius stole from his whole Book. ibid.
Vilna. 87
Vincentius Belluacensis. 353
Vincentius Lirinensis. ib.
Petrus de Vineis. ibid.
Elias Vinetus a most learned and eloquent man. 354
Antonius Viperanus. ibid
Petrus Viretus an eloquent French Divine 354
Virgilius a Bishop in Bavaria condemned for an Heretic, for affirming, that there were Antipodes, 354
Polyd. Virgilius, or Vergilius, when he lived, 354
- Commended and censured, ibid
Publius Virgilius Maro the stately Poet, 354
- Whether Virgilius or Vergilius. ib.
- Commended, ibid. • 355
- His Distich on the Palace-gate of the Emperor Augustus, with its interpretation. ibid.
- Why called Parthenius. ib.
Vitae, Lives of divers mentioned. 355 356
Io. Annius Viterbiensis taxed for his cheating. 355
Gotfridus Vitebergensis commended. 356
Vitellio hath written excellently on the Opticks, ib.
Jacobus de Vitriaco. ib.
Louis Vives flocked after in Oxford. 357
- Commended. ibid. m.
Ulphilas, when he lived, ib.
- Named several ways. ib. m.
Ulpian a great Lawyer. ibid
University -College in Oxford. 96
Universities. 65▪ to 105
Gisbertus Voetius a learned Dutch Divine Professor of Divinity at Utrect. 357
Raph Volateranus, when he lived. ib.
- Verses of him, ibid.
- Commended, ibid. m
Melchior Volmarus Beza 's Master, a great Grecian, 357▪ 358
Conradus Vorstius learned but heretical. 358
Gerard John Vossius highly commended. ibid.
- His Historia Pelagiana most disliked ibid.
Upsall. 75
Urbane the 8 ^th Pope a good Poet. 358
Fulvius Ursinus a most learned Antiquary. ib.
Zacharias Ursin a learned and solid Divine, ib.
- Where born, ib.
- Was sparing of time, as the Verses over his Study showed, ibid.
Abbas Urspergensis. 359
Bishop Usher the hundredth Archbishop of Armagh from Patrick. ibid.
- Commended, ibid
- Jansen much beholding to him for his Sanctus Augustinus. ibid
- His several Works mentioned, and some of them commended, 359, 360
- Carolus Utenhovius a great Linguist, 360
Bonaventura Vulcanius Brugensis commended, ib.
Utrect. 60

WAdham College in Oxford. 99
Luc. Waddingus. 360
Sir Isaac Wake the University Orator at Oxford. ibid
Robert Wakefield a learned English Hebrician. ibid.
Antonius Walaeus an orthodox solid Divine. ibid.
Waldenses not the Albigenses. ibid
- Famous for three things. ibid
- Their first original. ibid. & 361
D ^r Wallis. 361
Nic Waltherus. ibid.
Samuel Ward and D ^r Ward. ibid.
Sir James Ware. ib.
Gasper Waserus a learned Linguist. ib.
D ^r Wats. ibid
Guliemus Watsius commended. 362
Geo. Weiganmeirus. ib.
Mar. Frider. Wendelinus. ibid.
Io. de Wesalia. ibid
Matthaeus Wesembechius, when and where born. ibid.
- A learned Lawyer. ib.
- His Epitaph made by and for himself before his death. ibid
Wesselus Groningensis commended. 362, 363
Matth. Westmonasteriensis, when he lived. 363
- A famous Historian. ibid
Elizabeth Weston a learned English woman. ib.
- Commended by Joseph Scaliger and Ianus Dousa. ib.
William Whately commended. ib.
Deg. Wheare the learned History Reader in Oxford. ibid
Abraham Whe • lock the first Arabic Professor in Cambridge. ib.
D ^r William Whitaker highly commended ib.
Jeremiah Whitaker. 364
D. John White and Thomas White. ibid
Archbishop Whitgift. 364
- His Uncles Speech of the Popish Religion. ib.
- He wrote his Notes in Latin before he preached them. ib.
John Wicliff a most incomparable Schoolman. 365
- Followed Ockam much. ib.
- John Hus was his Sholler. ib.
- When he flourished. ibid.
- Called Doctor Evangelicus, ib.
- Where born and brought up. 365
- Commended. ibid.
- Some Speeches of his mentioned. ibid.
- Some of his Errors recited. ib.
Roger Widdrington a learned School-Divine, his right name was Preston. 366
- Defended the Oath of Allegiance. ib.
Albertus Widmanstadius well skilled in the Oriental Tongues. ib.
- Put forth almost all the New Testament in Syriac. ib.
Johannes Wierus a learned Germane, ib.
Io. Wigandus, when and where born. ib.
- His Epitaph for himself. ib.
- The Scriptures with which he sustained himself on his death-bed. ib.
Doctor Willet a laborious godly Divine. ib.
Ralph Winterton Greek Professor in Cambridge.
Nigellus Wircker an ancient Poet, ibid.
Wittenburg. 70
Wirtzburg. 69
John and Jerome Wolfius commended. 367
Women. Learned Women. 156, 167, 171, 185, 186, 213, 228, 315, 321
Olaus Wormius Professor of Physic in Hafnia. 367
Anthony, Edward and Sir Henry Wotton, ibid.
John Wouwerius Counselor to the Prince of Holsatia. ib.
- Commended. ibid. & 368
- He turned Papist. 368
George Wyrth turned Protestant in his old age. ib.

FRancis and Jerome Xavier both Jesuits 368
Jerome Xavier hath written the History of Christ in the Persian Language, and corrupted it with many fables and superstitious niceties. Ludovicus De Dieu turned it into Latin, with Animadverversions, ib.
Xenophon commended. ib.
- Scipio Africanus always carried with him his Institution of Cyrus. 369
Francis Ximenes Cardinal, Archbishop of Toledo, famous for the Biblia Complutensia and the magnificent University at Complute. 369
Io. Xiphilinus. ib.
William Xilander, when born, ib.
- Commended. ib.

Dr. YOung. 369

FRranciscus and Jacobus Zabarella. 370
Zaccutus Lusitanus. ib.
Hieronymus Zanchius a solid and pious Divine. ib.
- One of the most Scholastical among the Protestants. ib.
Josephus Zarlinus a famous Musician: ib.
Johannes Ulricus Zasius. 370
Zenodotus. 371
Guliel. Zepperus a learned Protestant Writer. ib.
Jacobus Zeiglerus a great Mathematician. ib.
Bernard Zigler. ib.
Zoilus. ib.
Johannes Zonaras a Greek Monk, when he flourished. 371
Zosimus. ib.
D. Zo • ch a learned Civilian of Oxferd. ib.
Vigilius Zuichemus commended. 372
Theodorus and Jacobus Zuingerus. 372
Huldricus Zwingli, when he lived. ib.
- Commended. 372, 373
- Slain in battle. 373

THE AUTHORS and their WORKS to which I was chiefly beholding for the Compiling of this TREATISE.

A Cademiarum quae aliquando fuerunt, & hodie sunt, in Europa Catalogus.
M • lch. Adami vitaeGerm. Theol. Iuriscons. Polit. Med. & Phil.
Bibliotheca Script. Societ. Jesus a Philippo Alegambe Edita.
Leo Allatius his Apes Urbana.
Alstedii Encyclopaedia.
Althusii Orat. Panegyr. de necessitate & Antiq Schol.
Amamae Paraen. de excitandis SS. linguarum studiis.
Amyraut de Secessione ab Ecclesia Romana.
Antiquitates Britannicae written by Iocelin, but because of his rough style polished by D. Haddon.
Arnobius adversus gentes.
Aschami Epistolae.
Athenae, Batavae, Belgicae.
Azorii Institutiones Morales.

BAcons Advancement of Learning.
Balaeus de Script. Britain.
Hadrianus Barlandus de Hollandia.
Baudii Epist.
Beckmanni Manuductio ad Ling. Lat.
Bellarm. de Scriptoribus Ecclesiae.
Bembi Epist.
Bezae Epist. & Icones.
Bibliander de ration communi omnium Linguarum.
Bibliotheca Hispanica.
Blancani Chronol. Math.
Bocharti Geographia Sacra.
Bodini Method. Hist.
Boissardi Icones.
Boxhornii Monumenta Illustrium virorum & Theat. Hollandiae.
Tych. Brah. opera.
Brerewoods Enquiries.
Buchanani Rerum Scot. Hist. & Epig.
Buddeni Wainfleti 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 .

PEt. Vict. Cajet. Palm. Paradig. Ling. Syr. &c.
Gaius De Antiq. Cant. Acad.
Calvini Epist. & De necessitate reformat. Eccles.
Calvis. Chronol.
Camerarii Hor. Subces.
Cael. Secund. Cur. Orat.
Campiani opera.
Casaub Epist.
Castellanus De Claris Medicis.
Caussin▪ Eloq Sac. & Hum. Paralel.
Cham. Corp. Theol. & Epist. Jesuit.
Clenardi Epist.
Hermanni Coring. De Antiq. Acad. Dissertat.
Crakanth. Log. & de▪ Provid. Dei.
Pet. Crinitus. De Poetis.
Crines. Discursus De Confus. Ling.
Lud▪ Croc▪ in Ficinum de relig. Christ.
Cunaeus de Repub. Heb.

DIlher▪ Disputat. Acad.
Down. in Chrysost.
Duret. Histoire Des Langues De Cest Univers.

COnstantini L'Empereur Not. in Benjam.
Erasmi Epistolae.
Erpenii Orat▪ de lingua Arabica.

MArsilius Ficinus de relig. Christiana.
Julius Firmicus Maternus de error profanarum religionum.
Ubert Folietae Elogia.
Forbes. Instruct. Historico. Theol.
Foxes Acts and Monum.
Joan. Jac. Frisii Bibliotheca Philos.
Fuligatti vita Bellarm.
Fulleri Miscel.

GAssend. de vita Peireskii.
Geneb. Chronol.
Alber. Gentil. laudes Academiae Parisinae & Oxford.
Gentiletti Exam. Council. Trid. & Apol. pro Christianis Gallis Relig. Reform.
Gerh. Confes. Cathol. contra Pontificios, & Patrologia.
Gesneri Bibliotheca & Mithridates cum Commont. Gasp. Waseri.
Godw. Rerum Anglic. Annals. De Praesul. Ang. Comment.
Grotius De relig. Christ. & ejus Epist.
Grynaei Epist.
Gualdi vita Pinelli.
Lil. Gyrald. De Po • t. Histor.

ELias Hasenmulerus Hist. Ord. Jesuit.
Helvici Chronol▪ Systema.
- Controvers. Theol. & Chronol▪ qua Christiano cum Iudaeis intercedunt.
Hentzneri Itinerarium Germaniae, Ang. Gal. Ital.
Herald. Animadversion. ad Arnob.
Hieron. de Script. Eccles.
Hortensii dissertat. de stud. Matth.
Animadversion Hottomani Ad Ius Att. & Rom. Salmas▪
Humfredi vita Iuelli.

LUdovicus Jacobus De Claris Scriptoribus Cabiolonensibus.
Illyr. Catal. Test. verit.
Paul. Jov. Elog. Doctorum virorum.
Francisci Junii Academia.

L. LAnsii Orat.
Leand. Albert. Descript. Ital.
Lectius de vita Sadeelis.
Leland. Comment. in Cyg. Cant. & Collectan. de vir. Illust.
Samuel Lukener of the Universities.
Geor. Lil. Anglorum Reg. Chronicon.
Lips. Epist. Lovanium & Not. ad Lib. Polit.
Longolii Epist. & vita.

PAul. Manutii Epist.
Papyrii Massonii Elogia.
Meibomii Moec • nas.
Jos. Merceri Notae in Tacitum.
Merulae Cosmog.
Meursii Athenae Bat.
Jac. Middendorpius De Academiis.
Auberti Miraei Elogia.
Montac. Apparat. & Antidiat.
Arias Montan. Praf. in sacr. Bibl.
Peter du Moulin Anatomy de la Messe.

NAudaeus De studio Militari.
Ad vis pour dresser une Bibliotheque.
Neand. Geog.
Jani Nicii Erythraei Pinacotheca Imagin • m Illustriam Doct • inae vel ingenii laude virorum.
Nomenclator Sanctae Rom. Eccl. Cardinal.

OLymp▪ Fulv. Mor. Epist.
Onuphrius Panvinius de vitis Pontificum.

PAntaleon De viris Illust. Germ.
Math. Par. Hist. Ang.
Paschasii Icones & Recherches de la France
Pena De usu Optices.
Suffridus Petrus De Scriptoribus Frisiae.
Pezel. Mellific. Hist.
Photii Histor. Biblioth.
Pignor. Symbol. Epist.
Platina De vitis Pontificum Romanorum.
Monsieur Plessis Memoires.
Pocock. Not. Miscel. in Port. Mos.
Deliciae Poetarum.
Polani Orat.
Politiani Epist. & opera Miscellanea.
Possev. Apparatus & Bibliotheca selecta.

QUintil. Institut. Orat.

RAmi Scholae Mathem. Epist. Orat. & Praefat.
Laurent. Rhod▪ Orat. de Lingua Graeca.
Joachimus Fortius Ringelbergius De ration studii.
Angeli Rocchae Bibliotheca vaticana Romae.

SAdolet. Epist.
Scaev. Sammarth. Elog. Gall. doct. illust.
Savil. Not. in Chrysost. & Lect. in Euclid.
Anton. Sanderus De Script. Fland.
- De Gandav. & Burg. Erudit. Claris.
Julii & Josephi Scalig. Epist.
Jul. Scal. Hypercritica, & Jo. Scal. De emendat. Temp.
Bernardinus Scardeonius De Clar. Med. & Philos. Patav.
Schickardi Beckinath. Happeruschin.
Scultetus de curriculo vitae.
Seldenus De Syned. vet. Ebr.
- De Diis Syris Syntagma.
Sixt. Senens. Biblioth. Sanct.
Jodoc. Sincer. Itin. Gal.
Sleid. Comment.
Henr. Steph. De Lipsii Latinitate.
Famiani Stradae Prolus▪ Hist.
Franc Swertii Athenae Belgicae.

THeatre Des Antiquites du Paris.
Thevet Vies Des hommes Illustres.
Thuani Historia.
Tomasini Illust. vir. Elogia.
Trithem. De Script. Eccles. & Catal. Illust. Vir.
Turnebi Adversaria.
Briani Twyni Antiq. Acad. Oxford. Apol.

JAcobi Vaget Period. Reg. Turc.
Pier Valerianus De Literatorum infoelicitate.
Valeri Andreae Bibliotheca Belgica.
Vedel. Exercit. in Epist. Ignat.
Antoine du Verdier Bibliotheque.
Polyd. Verg. De invent. rerum.
Jacob. Verheideni Essigies & Elog. Theol. qui Antichristum praecipue oppugnarunt.
Volat. Comment. Urb.
Vitae Profes. Gron.
Ludo▪ Viv. De corrupt. Art. & Trad. Disc.
Voet. Biblioth. Studios Theol.
Ger. Jo. Vossius De Art Grammatica.
- De Art Historica.
- De Discip. Mathem.
- De Histor. Graec. & Lat.
- De Orig. & Progress. Idol.
- De Poetis Graec. & Lat.
- De vitiis Sermons.
Usserii Annal. De Britain. Eccles. Primord. & de Edit. LXX. Interp.

IS. Wake Rex Platon.
Wakefield Orat. de laude & util▪ trium Linguarum.
Walaei Opera.
Whear. Method. Leg. Hist.
Wolfii Lect. Memorab.
Olai Wormii Literaturae Danica.
- Musaeum Wormianum.
Joan à Wower Epist. & de Polymathia Tractatus▪

ZAnch. De Divinat. & Epist.

FINIS.

A Postscript to the Reader.

REader, I shall desire thee to consider, that there is something in those Books of mine already published of this Argument, viz. in my choice Observations of the Roman Emperors, The Saints Encouragement in Evil Times, where I speak of the Martyrs and Luther, and also in my Body of Divinity, where I treat of the best Interpreters of Scripture, which with this I hope will be useful for this particular Subject. Joseph Scaliger much disliked the trouble of making a Table or Index. Nam ego malim multis millibus Inscriptionum edendis operam dare, quam vel mediocrem Indicem texere. Scal. Epist. l. 1. Epist. 68. Philippus Jacobus Maussacus in Animadversion. upon Aristotle's History de Animalibus, and Julius Scalig. Commentaries near the end hath these words, Plura paraveramus quae omittere coacti sumus, ob Typographorum supinitatem, qui nihil aliud quam errare sciunt: taedet pigetque tot mendorum. I would there were not cause for me to complain likewise in this kind. We have not Plantine nor Stevens amongst us. Where one makes use of divers Books besides his own, and the faults in printing be numerous, it is no easy task to specify the chiefest Errata. I shall mention some things in the general here, and particularize the other Errata after. Wherever Volatterane is quoted Comment. Urban should follow. p. 115. and in the Table read, Anacreon a Poet of Greece, false interpunctions there are too many. as for ae p. 19. m l. 32. & p. 20. l. 41. & ae for as, p. 217. m. l. 12. as for us. p. 87. l. 4. & 86. l. 18. & 106 m. l. 43. p. 108. m. l. 25. 170 m. l. 18. us for as. p. 186. l. 11. m. 207. l. 12. the Italique Character not observed. p. 21. l. 27. p. 101. l. 13. p. 139. l. 8. m. & 16. not in the right Character. p. 140. m. l. 30. p. 142. m. l. 31. p. 196 m. l. 8. a letter wanting. p. 25. l. 5. p. 31. m. l. 12. p. 75. m. l. 38. p. 88. l. 15. p. 127. l. 30. a letter too much. p 35. m. l. 13. p. 38 l. 30. p. 115. l. 5. p. 117. l. 37. p. 149. m. l. penult. p. 156. m. l. 13. p. 177. l. 14. p. 189. l. 6. p. 195. m. l. 39. p. 209. l. 2. p. 227. m l. 4. p. 242. l. 7. p. 246. m. l. 7. p. 290. l. 8. a syllable too much. p. 67. m. l. 13. p. 98. m. l. 12. p. 211. m. l. 12. one letter for another. p. 56. l. 21. p. 65. m. l. 21. p. 68. l. 31. p. 69 m. l. 20. p. 73. l. 11. p. 92. l. 29. p. 103 m. l. ult. p. 109. m. l. 9. p. 112. l. 9 &. 18. p. 112. m. l. 16. p. 114. m. l. 30. p. 117. l. 2. & 25. p. 139. l. 8. p. 143. l. 18. p. 150. m. l. 26. p. 153. l. 7. p. 155 m. l. 3. p. 157. m l. 17. p. 159. m. l. 11. p. 164. m. l. 32. p. 194. l. 11. p. 201 m. l. 34. p. 220. m. l. 24. p. 261. l. 4. words parted where they should be joined. p. 127. l. 6. & m. l. 27. p. 149. l. 9. p. 160. m. l. 55. p. 322. m. l. 29. words joined which should be severed. p. 139. m. l. 7 p. 165. l. 6. p. 220. m. l. 53. words misplaced. p. 134. l. 20. p. 140. m. l. 22. Chronological mistakes, as p. 69. l. 28. 1346 p. 100. l. 22. 375. p. 191. m. l. 48, 49. ante Christum 432. p. 213. l. 36. Anno Dom. 600. p. 61. m. l. 34. & p. 213. l. 30. & 31.

Graiis Ingenium, Graiis dedit ore rotundo Musa loqui.

ERRATA.

PAg. 2. l. 11. m. relegerent. p. 3. l. 36. Ficin •• . p. 7. m. l. 54. innix •• . p. 15. l. 4. Bishoprics. p. 16. l. ult. initam. p. 18. l. 30. Sancti. p. 18. l, 25. m. Romani. ib. l. 28. religienem. l. ult m▪ tollendum. p. 19. m. l. 32. Graecae. ib. l 33 perui. ib. l. 34. Hieronymi. p. 21. l. 36. m. canponationem exquisitissimis. p. 22. l. 51. m, no •• m. p. 32. l. 15. eleven. ib. l. 48. were. p. 33. l. 15. m. Apostolorum. p. 34. l. 48, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . ib. did not promise p. 37. l. 22. m. videndo. p. 38. l. 6. Orthoepia p. 38. l. 30. m. spacio. p. 41. l, antepen. m. etiam inventi. p. 42. l. 6. duplicatum Leucam. ib. l. 17. fuerit. p. 43. l. 14. m. motuum scientiam. ib. l. 36. jucundius, p 44. l. 36. diametrically. ib. l. 38. Arohidiacon • s. ib. m. l. 22. John • i • . ib. l. 45. Benedictium. p. 46. l. 29 m. pertexit. p 47. l. 38. m. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . p. 48. l. 10. Hex • meter. ib. l. 12. Deuteronomy. ib. l. pen. m. ita enim. p. 50. l. 11. m. Artis. ib. l. 36▪ fideritis. p. 51. l. 10. m. quid. ib. l. 34. comprobavit. p. 52. l. 54. m 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . p 55. l. 25. m. di • ioni. p. 57. l. 19. 320. for 1320 p. 59. l 27. m. Rabbi. p. 60. l. 32 m. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . p. 61. l. 37 m. Virgilium p. 63. l. 9. Silius ib. m. l. antepen corpori. p. 65. l. 27. m. tueantur. p. 67. l. 21. m. cioquentiâ. p. 69. l. 28. 1346 p. 71. l. 37. Johannes. p. 72. l. 29. Mardenus. ib. l. 32 divulged. ib. m. l. 29. Nonni ib l. 30. elucubrati. p. 73. l. penult Vuscan. ib. l. 6. m. fluvius Dilia labitur. p. 74. l 6. m. Manuscriptorum. p. 75. l. 17. Turin. p. 76. l. 19. Unam. ib. m. l. 17. Hieronym • s. p. 77. l. 1. master to Barthol • s. ib. l 17 paralleled. p. 78. l. 11. Caelius Calcagninus. ib. l. 1 • . m▪ 1497. a Christo. p. 79. l. 26. m. evocatus. p 80. l. 18. m. optimâ falubri temperis. p. 81. l. 1. anum. p. 83. l. 37▪ m Turnebus. p. 84. l. 21 • racow, p. 85. l. 47. Chlotildis. p. 85. l. 13. m. pincernae. ib. l. 23. m. inditum. p. 87. l. 10. Cracovia. p. 88. l. 20. Conimbra Saguntum. p. 89. l. 33. Henares. ib, l. 4. m. incelebris. p. 90. l. 6. Sig • enca. p. 92. l. 16 sapi • mus. ib. l 18 est. p. 92. l. 41. inqui • ivi. ib. l. 27 m. offend • am. p. 93. l. penult. m. septi • gentesimo nongentesimo. p 94. l. 6. humantores{que}. p. 95. l. 10. to Scholars join Mathematicians and Schoolmen. ib. l. 32. m. undique. p. 97. l. 1 • . m. • orevisia. ib. l. 31. Wickam. ib. l. ult. Europaei. p. 98. l. 20. m. institution. p. 100. l. 10▪ Magdalenae. p. 101. l. 7. tractatum. l. 13 D'Ewes. ib. l. 14. m. haec. p. 103. l. 5. Col. ledge. ib. l. penult. m. plurimis in locis monasteria condiderius▪ l. 12. in Trinity-College, p. 105. l. penult. m. excusum. p. 106. l. 26. m. referendarius. p. 107. l 4. m. Stratagematum. p. 108. l. 11. Aeliam libri. ib. l. 26. nervosum. ib. l. 27. lectoris. p. 110. l. 4. m. edidit. ib. l. 28. Toreu • ices. p. 111. l. 9 m. pi • acothecam. p. 113. l. 51. m. effe • atos. p. 114. l. 15. Di • acus. p 118. l. 9. Aquinum Abrazzo. p. 121. l. 40 poetrias. p. 123. l. 33. m. Fulvio. p. 124. l. 1. • ttratum. ib. l. penult. Pinacotheca. p. 125. l. penult. m. diligentissimus. p. 127. l. 4. Iudicium de certamine Eglissemii cum Buchan • no. ib. l. 41. abelli. cum. p. 128. l. 36. Ronsards. l. 16. m propositus. ib. l. 28. peccato. ib. l. 29. Metaphysicas. ib. l. 4 • . Vasco • ice. p. 129. l. 25. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , p. 130. l. 6. Durham. p. 131. l. 28. buy. l. 21. m. Academia. ib. l. 24. Bellarminus. p. 132. l. 21. patriae habebas. ib. m. l. 25. illâ stante. p. 133. l. 38. Clarevalle. ib. l. 41. Romani. p. 135. l. 16. m. Patriarcha. ib. l. • 3 fatis. p. 1, 6. l. 23. m sexcenties. p. 136. l. penult. quam. p. 137. l. 33. Universitate. p. 138. l. 1. Prunaeus. ib. l. 4. Anth • logia. ib. l. 17. Pirkhei •• rus. ib. l. 23. join to Becket Archbishop, &c. l. 30. Turrianus. l. 32. Declaration. l. 32. Perron. l. 15. m. Suburbicariis. p. 139. l. ult. m▪ cepit. p. 140. l. 15. m. comparari. p. 141. l. 30. consultationis. ib. l. penult. m. spretos. p. 143. l. 1. Phaenome •• s. p. 144. l. 4. decease. ib. l. antepen m. three French. l. penult six Italians Actius Sincerus Sannazarius, &c. p. 146. l. 16. m. derelinquas. ib. l, 34. hunc. p. 150. l. 4. unquam omiserit. p. 151. l. 45. m. distingui. ib. l. 15. est. ib. l. 22. consiliario. p. 152. l. 13. m perstringat. p. 153. l. 43. m. commentitiis. p. 154. l. 14. Nentis. ib. l. 45. m. cupiditates. ib. l. penult. sum perdelectabatur. ib. l▪ penul • . m pu • ri somnum expergefacto, &c. p 155. l. 13 historiam. p. 156. l. 11. his notes on Theophrastus▪ his characters. lin. an • epenult. marg. confluxisse. pag. 160. lin. 21. Poetam. ib. lin. 20. m. esorit. p. 161 l. ult. Hasenmul. p. 162. l. 15. dominio. ib. l. 35. beati. p. 164. l. 23. Livius. ib. l. 25. m. neque. p. 165. l. 6. Aponi. l. 28. m. illa. p. 166. l. 22. Gluverius. ib. l. antepen. Argonautes. p. 167. l. ult. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . ib. l. 30. m. redditas. ib. l. 39. m. edat. p. 168 l. 30. Pogonatus Barbatus. ib. l 15. m. Monothelitas. pag. 169. l. m. Annus 1530. omnium. ib. l. 14. exhibitione. p. 170. l. 12. derivari. p. 171. l. 14 terrellam parvam. ib l. 17. inconvenientiae. p. 172. l. 31. m. Ioannis. p. 173. l. 21. m. Iusjurand Hippocratis. p. 174. l. 22. Cruciger. l. 13 m. Tatius. p. 175. l. 48. m de. ib. l. 50 quorum. p. 176. l. penult. m Valentimaeno. p. 177. l. 32. Controversiarum habitually. ib. l. ult. m. join to adversus Pontificem Iul. 2 ^d , &c. p. 178. l. 8. parallacticae. ib. l. 20. Oration. ib. l. penult. m. Heliogabalus. p. • 81. • . 19. professio. p. 182. l. 19. m. venustate. ib. l. 31. oraculum. p. 183. l. 8. Tomo. ib. l. 21. m. Maximilianus. p. 184. l. • 4. m. justitiaeque. p. 191. l. 21. materia. ib. l. 28. odere curiosos. ib. l. 24. claros. ib. l. 3. m. qui. ib. l. 26. insula. ib. l. antepen. Aerae mundi. p. 192. l. 11. particular. p. 194. l. 1. qui viz. Iac. Faber. l. 2. tegit. p. 195. l. 28. ab. ib. l. 27. m. melius. ib. l. 28. nemo. ib. l. 39. martyre. p. 196. l. 12. m. Poetis. ib. l. 21. gravissimi. p. 197. l. 10. m. Hi duo. p. 198. l. 21. m. Vindelicorum. ib. l. 22. coepit. ib. l. 35. tersae. ib. l. 35. recipiendis. p. 199. l. 7. inhaerentem. ib. l. 16. m. summum. p. 200. l. 12. crupit. ib. • . 30. pectora ib. l. • 4. m. aucupentur. p. 201. l. 11. compendiaria. l. 15. dele &. p. 204. l. 13. m. aliquoties. ib. l. 35. Nihil. l. 26. Galilaeus Galilaei. pag. 205. lin. 16. marg. potucrit. ib. lin. 32. locupletaverit. pag. 206. lin. ult. annuli. pag. 208. lin. 36. Magni tu Gerso. ibid. lin. 39. marg. pervicerat. lin. antepenult. m. edidit. pag. 209. lin. 7. emanavit. ibid. lin. 35▪ 600. or rather 560. pag. 215. l. 14. Nominis & magni magna cupido tibi est. l. 24. Apologeticus. l. antepen. m. scitu. p. 216. l. 12. m. paulo. l. 7. celeberrimus. l. 10. Ferrariae. l. • 2. ediderit. l. 13. Academicorum. p. 217. l. 13. m. quorum. l. 12. Bibliothecas. p. 218. l. 14. Hammond. 28. honorable. p. 219. l. 7. m. restituerat. p. 220. l. 34. m. IX. or XI. p. 221. l. 16. nutat. l. 26. Selden. l. 21. m. reseratis. l. 43. Caussin. l. 21. donavi. p. 222. l. 2. Eobanus. l. 23. Bronchorst. p. 223. l. 7. m. conciliavit. p. 124. l. 29. perfect or profecto. l. 32. m. postquam. l. 58. jucundus. p. 227. l. 5. indicem. l. penult. illustris. Satyra Nemo. l. 25. m. originem. p. 228. l. 16. m. concionibus. p▪ 229. l. 1. Voragine. l. 34. m. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . p. 231. l. 8. peccato. l. 17. Quiroga Sandoval. l. 35. emporium. l. 10. m. peritos. scil. illos. p. 233. l. 14. m. obnoxium. l. 15. ob. p. 236. l. penult. m. pandectarum. p. 237. l. 7. Arabiois. l. 44. m. voluptatis. p. 238. l. 24. semper. l. ult. • as •• niti. p. 239 l. 15. m. sequuntur. l. 18. Kircherus. p. 240. l. 13. ad pietatem non accendit. l. 20. utrumque. l. penult. m. aetates. p. 241. l. 10. Valerii. l. 18. Lavaterc. l. 31. m. putaverit. p. 242. l. 9. descriptio. l. 39. m. author (Iacobo. p. 243. l. 15. simi • tudinum. l. 39. m. Iovio. l. antepen. Lascarem. p. 244. l. Io. Meursii. l. 15. magistro. p. 245. l. 1. Ramus. l. antepen. m. ill Itaelorum. p. 246. • . • 9 saeculi. l. 44. m Batavorum. l. 47. Annibal. l. 48. tessellato. p. 247. l. 3. aurem. l. 17▪ whatsoever. p. 248. l. 11 pontificios. l. 16. parisina. l. 19. m. placueritque. l. 16. infigniverint. l. 38. dedissent. l. 43. aptanda. l. 30. m. Ger. p. 249. l. 36. m. an n • m. l. 37. spurcissimus. p. 250. l. 3. Cornhill. ib. l. 5. auctor. l. 11▪ m. antiquum. l. 20. praestitisse. p. 251. l. 6. calam • . l. 10. Ly caphron. p. 252. l. 22. da. l. 23. Virgilioque. p. 253. l. 21. m. Cordubae. p 255. l. 17. dele Paulus Aldi filius. l. 24. paints. p. 256 l▪ antepen. m. requirant. p. 258. l. 21. m. dignissimus. p. 259. l. 15. Gosmus. l. 31. maximus. l. 20. m. Chrysolorae. • p. 260 l. pen. m. Tu. p. 261. l. 2. venies. l. 34. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 . Melissus. l. 48 Rupelmond. p. 262. l. 9▪ m. Schol • i prodiisse constet quicunque. l. 19. Nonium. l. 27. Mercurialis. l. penult. m. principibus. p. 263. l. 14. literas. l. antepen. qui sunt▪ fuerunt. l. 8. m. dele sub. p. 264. fere nesciat. l. 8. nidificat. l. 8. m. Italicus. p. 265. l. 24. quantulacunque. l. 25. impertitus. l ult. puellorum. p. 266. l. 3 m Ioannis. l. 22. pegma. sive. l. 23. cervicem. p. 267. l. 25. Her • . l. 42. m. tantos. l. 44. illud. p. 270. l. 2. Napier the younger a Scot L. of M. p. 271. l. 5. m. versatus. l. 11 excitavit. p. 272. l. 14. conscientiae. l. 38. sacrae. p. 273. l. 4. Nonnus Panopolitanus. l. antepen. homine Scoto l. penult. Scotum ipsum. p. 274. l. 45. verum patrem. l. 42. m. Onuphrio • e. p. 275. l. 47. m. in. p. 276. l. 34 detestatus. l 28. m sane. l. antepen. Cynicos. p. 279. l. 10, 11. Sentences. l. 38. Panigarola. p. 280. l. 31. Mellificium. p. 281. l. 12 • . expilaverit. l. 30. cruci. l. 32. purit. p. 282. l. 20. Syllabus. l. 40. paralleli. l. 30. m. longe. p. 283. l. 13 m. Doraui. l. antepen. Lampridius. p. 284. l. 30 decomptor. l. 9. m. Philostato. p. 285. l. 3. Longomontanus. l. 22. ornament. p. 286 l. 16. m. edidit. p. 287. l. 21. juventa. l. 36. tegit ossa Petrarchae. p. 288. l. 15 superstitione. l. 23 aestima. l. 22. m. docennium. l. penult. Hellenismi. l. ult. illit • . p. 228. versus finem Guid. Fabric. p. 289. l. 22 Oxford. l. 1. m. Lemnii. l. 3. Apollonii Tyanaei. l 46▪ elaboratos. p. 290. l. 30. Iuris Civilis. p. 292. l. 26. m. longum. p. 293. l. 29 pratermississe. p. 296. l. 4. contingebat. l. 9. m. invita Minerva. p. 297. l. 21. m. Coryphaeos. p. 298. l. 7. Calligraphia. l. 23. An • tomical. l. 31. m. vocarit. l. antepen▪ ruri p. 300 l. penùlt. m. passionibus. p. 301. l. antepen. m. maximus. p 302. l. 7. m antequam. p. 304. l. 6. Genebrard. l. 26. Paschasius. p. 305. l. 34 m. languorem. l. 35. Eclipsin. p. 306. l. ult. m. demonstranti. p. 307. l. 26 m. quamplurimum. p, 308. l 41. m. annuum. p. 310. l. 5. Rollock. l. 33. orner. l. 24. m. taunt. l. 25. moins. p, 311. l. 23. vindiciae. p. 313. l. 62. m. vopiscum. p. 315. l. 31. ingenii. l 32. vetustas. p. 317. l. 29. veritatis. l. 28. m. metaphysices. p. 318. l. 16 abstrusis. l. 20. m. porco. p. 319. l. 12. co. l. 21. Metaphysicae.

〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉