The Marrow of Ecclesiastical History

Errors, and would acknowledge that all spiritual and saving gifts were of the free Grace of God through Christ, if they would promise that in other things they would not disturb the Peace of the Church: The greatest difficulty was about their Pastors, who would not be quiet, except they might exercise their Ministry, and enjoy their stipends: neither would they be tied to silence in Controversies: But the Remonstrants setting forth a Confession of their Faith brake all in sunder: For thereby it appeared that they differed from the Reformed not only in five Articles, but in many other things.

Whilst Walaeus was at Middleborough, he had read Ethics in the Schools, and had begun to make a Compendium of it for the use of his Scholars, but finished it not by reason of his remove to Leiden: wherefore now the Curators of the School prevailed with him to complete that Work, and to publish it for the use of that School: And it found such acceptance abroad, that it was often printed, and by Theod. Schrevel • us, Master of the School of 〈◊〉 , it was turned into Jambick verse.

As soon as Walleu • came to Le ••• m, the Magistrates chose him for one of the Curators of their School: in which Office he continued all his life, and by his advice the School was quite turned into another order, whereby it became far more famous then before.

The States of Holland observing that in their Cities there were some Masters of Schools which either wanted ability or prudence in regulating their Schools for the best advantage of the boys: they therefore made choice of Anthony Walaeus, Anthony •• sius, Peter 〈◊〉 , Daniel Heinsius, Ge •• ard V • ssius, 〈…〉 , all of them Professors in Leiden, to frame Laws whereby all the Schoolmasters in Holland should be regulated in teaching both the Tongues and Liberal Arts, which accordingly were finished and printed Anno Chri •• 1625.

The States of Zealand observing that their young Students began to fall into some loose courses, made choice of Walaeus, for Overseer of all in Zelamd, with a command that all their youth should be wholly guided in their studies by him: where by there was a great Reformation, not one of 〈◊〉 proving wicked in his life.

The 〈…〉 also growing solicitous for the salvation of the poor • adius, and observing that they could get no Ministers go thither but such as could get no places in the Low-Countries. which many times were either insufficient, or scandalous: They resolved therefore to erect a Seminary, from whence at their pleasures they might draw forth Pastors for those parts: For which end they consulted with the Professors at Leiden, and observing that Walaeus was more zealous then the rest in promoting it, they chose him to be Overseer of that Sem • narie: But he judging himself unable to undergo so many Offices, refused it; yet at the importunity of the Curators of the University of Leiden, and by the persuasion of his Colleagues, he was at last prevailed with, and undertook it.

Whereupon the students for India were brought into his Family, where they were dieted, and directed in their studies, and found so much content that they never complained either of their Diet or Government. And besides their other studies he caused them every day to construe to him a Chapter out of the Hebrew Bible, and another out of the Greek Testament, whereby they became skillful in the Languages, and familiarly acquainted with the sacred Scriptures. Twice also in the week he caused them to read in and dispute of his Enchirdion of the Reformed Religion, and directed them in the making of their Sermons: and the forwardest of them he directed how they might infuse the Principles of the Reformed Christian Religion into the Heathens, by reasons drawn from Nature, how they should instruct them, gather a Church, and govern the same.

Out of this Seminary in a few years were sent forth twelve Ministers famous for Learning and Piety, to whom India oweth almost all her knowledge which she hath in the Reformed Religion.

Then did the Magistrates of Leiden by their Consul importune Walaeus to give them leave to choose him into their Ecclesiastical Consi • ory; but his wife and children dissuaded him from it, perceiving that he would sink under the burden of so many employments.

About this time there brake forth a great contention in Zealand between Telingius and Bursius. Telingius was very careful to promote Piety, whereupon he sharply reproved the sins of the times: and observing much profanation of the Sabbath, by a Book which he published, he endeavored the Reformation of the same. Upon this occasion Bursius his son wrote a complaint in verse, wherein the Church bemoaned her self, as if she had lost her liberty, and therein he endeavored to confute • elingius about the Institution of the Lord's Day: Gomarus also, who was very intimate with Bursius, supplied him with Arguments. Telingius his friends were much offended at this, so that there was great danger least the Church should be divided into parties and factions. Voetius also published a youthly writing, wherein he sought more to jerk his Adversaries, then to edify the Church.

Hereupon Walaeus resumed those things which he had formerly read over, and drew them into a larger Treatise about the Sabbath, which also he printed, to the great joy of the Churches: who as they highly prized his Learning, so now had cause to admire his wisdom. And this work of his was so approved of, that by Silvius Pastor of Amsterdam it was turned into Dutch, their Native Language: And it pleased God by this means to put an end to the aforenamed contentions. Only Gomarus thinking it dishonorable to be silent, published a little Book. De Investigatione Sabbathi: which Rivet answered: and when Gomarus replied, Rivet answered again. And though Gomarus found few or no followers, yet to prevent the worst, Walaeus in his Public Lectures answered such things as seemed to be new in Gomarus.

At the first Reformation of Religion in the Low-Countries, there was a certain Elder of the Church of Embdea, a godly man that turned Luther's Translation of the Bible into Low-Dutch: But being skillful neither in the Hebrew nor Greek, nor well acquainted with the High-Dutch, there were many Errors in it: whereupon the Ministers of the Law-Countries, so soon as they were settled in their L • berties from under the Spanish yoke, began to think upon Translating the Bible out of the Originals: and the States to promote so good a work, made choice of Phili • 〈◊〉 of Saint Aldegun • to go to Leiden, and there wholly to employ himself in this work, which he willingly undertook, and prosecuted to the year 1602. at which time he died, having begun many Books of the Old Testament, but had only finished Job, Psalms, and Proverbs: Hereupon Arnold Cornelius, Pastor of Delph, and Warner Helmichius, Pastor of Amsterdam, were appointed to finish what Marnixius had begun; They accordingly prosecuted that work, but being much hindered by their Pastoral Office, they died before they could finish it: And presently after, the Controversies of the Remonstrants springing up, caused that work to cease till the Synod at Dort.

At which time the Remonstrants being cited to appear before the Synod at a certain day, they appeared not: whereupon the Moderator considering what the Synod should fall upon till they appeared, propounded the version of the Bible into the Belgic Tongue: And so they unanimously agreed to carry on that work, and set down rules which the Translators were to follow. The Translators also were chosen, and least by the death of any of them the work should be impeded, they substituted some to succeed such as should die.

Anno Christi 1627. (the Synod being before dissolved) the Deputies of the Provincial Synods requested the States General that the version of the Bible might now be carried on, which they easily assented to, and appointed Walaeus and Testus Hommius to deal with the Magistrates and Churches, that the Translators might (during the continuance of that work) 〈◊〉 be freed from their Pastoral employments.

By the authority and persuasions of these two men the thing was granted, so that Anno Christi 1628 the Interpreters of the Old Testament repaired to Leiden, who were John Bogerman, William B • udartius, and Gerson Bucer.

The year after they met together who were to Translate the New Testament and the Apocrypha, and these were Anthony W • llaeus, Festus H • mmius, and James Rol •• dus.

These men set upon the work with unwearyed labor: And that which they aimed at was to make a new and accurate version out of the Originals, and as much as the Geniu • of the Language would permit, to translate it word for word: and whereas in the Original any word might admit of a various Interpretation, they endeavored to find out some Dutch word that might answer to it: And where anything seemed obscure, they labored to explain it by Marginal Notes; and where any thing was doubtful, to resolve it: whereby they often gave a reason of their version; they added also Parallel Scriptures.

When the Translators of the New Testament had proceeded to the end of the Acts of the Apostles, James Rowland died, in whose room Jodicus Hoingius succeeded: and when the Translators of the Old Testament had proceeded to the beginning of Ezekiel, Bucer died, in whose room Anthony Thysius was substituted.

As soon as they had finished any Book, and imparted it each to other, they printed it, and sent it to certain supervisors in every Province appointed thereunto, to be by them again examined.

When the whole version was thus finished An. Chri. 1634. by the order of the States General all the Supervisors met together at Leiden, who were Anthony Thysius, John Polyander, Abdias Witmarius, Jodocus Larenus, Arnoldus Teeckmannus, Bernard Fullenius, James Revius, and Francis Gomarus.

Not long after also the Supervisors of the New Testament met there, who were S • bastian Dammannus, John Arnoldi, Lindanus, William Nieuhusius, Charles Demaet, Lodowick Gerhardus, Bernard Fullenius, Gasper Sibelius, and Henry Altingius.

These Supervisors being met together, chose their Moderarators, Assessors, and Scribes, and then at their daily meetings, (having first implored the presence and assistance of Almighty God) they were demanded whether they had found anything in the Translation that needed change: and what the Translators and Supervisors agreed upon, that was concluded. And so this great work was completed Anno Christi 1635. And this was very observable: That the same year a great Plague raged in the Low-Countries, and especially in Leiden, wherein there died twenty thousand persons, and yet through God's mercy not one of the Translators or Supervisors was touched with it, no nor was ever sick all that while.

All being thus finished, the Supervisors returned to their several employments, but the Translators committed the work to the Press, and themselves were the Overseers to see to the correcting of it: At the same time printing it with and without Notes in Folio, which was finished Anno Christi 1637. At which time they presented it to the States, who liked it excellent well, and presently gave order that no other Bible should be used, either in Churches or Schools, which was accordingly followed.

The Remonstrants appointed four of their greatest Scholars to examine this translation, for fear of partiality: but when they found how candidly and faithfully the Translators had dealt, they also accepted of it, and it is judged the most exquisite translation that is extant. In the version of Luther there is not so much skill shown in the Language; In the French they do not so much tie themselves to the words as to the sense: And the English seems to favor Episcopacy too much, whereas no remarkable defect can be observed in this; and indeed the Translators did by their excessive and defatigable pains so wear out themselves that all of them died within three years after.

After he had concluded this great and tiresome work, he attended his Professorship, thinking to ease his mind, and repair his decayed strength: But he scarce had rested two months, when he fell upon his Cases of Conscience: For he found that the Pontificians in their Books whilst they pretended to reprove sin, did but teach it: And the Reformed Divines in many things filled the minds of the Readers with too many scruples: whereas that only ought to be condemned which the Scripture accounts a sin, and that therein also some cautions were necessary: for we ought not so much to reprove those that are bad, as to seek their amendment.

But before he had well begun this work, he was again made Magnifique Rector of the University; which place, as it was of the greatest dignity in the City of Leiden, so of the greatest care.

In the midsts of these employments he found his Memory to begin to decay, and his strength to fail, so that he was forced to write his Lectures more largely then he was wont to do, which he carried on till he came to the Head concerning the Holy Ghost, at which time death prevented his further progress.

Thus much for his public life: Now for his private. He was not splendid abroad, and sordid at home; but always equal like himself. He studied no delights, and was far from all lasciviousness: His only recreation was to adorn his Orchard. He was free from covetousness, seldom looking after his outward estate, and at length wholly devolved that burden upon his eldest son, called John. He affected not vain-glory: his habit was not costly, yet therein he was rather negligent then sordid. He had always a large house, which was rather commodious then sumptuous. In converse he was no boaster either of his Learning, Judgment, or Wit: He never either extolled himself, or debased others, no not his Adversaries. He never inserted reproaches into his public Writings. He never chose any subject to write on for ostentation, but only such as might be most profitable to the Church. He never sought for, nor took great titles: It was always his glory rather to be, then to seem

He never affected ease. He was always much grieved for the afflictions of the Church: And endeavored in all things to keep a good and a clear Conscience. He would never to gratify friends, give any other counsel then such as beseemed him, either to the Church or Magistrate: Neither did he ever request any for his children or kindred of which they were not worthy, or might any way tend to the detriment of others.

When as the Magistrates of Leiden had often proffered him the house wherein Arminius dwelt, and wherein now his widow and children remained, he would never accept of it till as, when they saw that they could stay in it no longer, themselves came to him, and requested him to take it, thanking him that he had deferred it so long.

He never hunted after the favor of great men, thereby to enrich himself: He only desired their favor so far as might be fit for him, and advantageous to the Church: If anything was spoken in his presence which he judged prejudicial to the Church, he always strongly opposed himself against it not fearing therein the displeasure of great men: Yea in the Court amongst the Princes of Orange he would not suffer the Name of God to be taken in vain.

In his carriage he was affable to all: To everyone he willingly imparted counsel: He was so solicitous for the good of the Church, that upon occasion he would declare which persons in the University were most deserving, themselves being ignorant of it. He admitted but few into his familiarity, judging that thereby their friendship would be the stronger, by how much the more united. He loved his Colleagues as his own Brethren: Next them his kindred: and after them his fellow Students and fellow Travelers. He would never dissemble, no not amongst his friends. And to those his friends, his house and table was always open: which liberality some taking notice of, often abused it.

He was not easily provoked by injuries to cast off his friends: as this instance will show; When Rivet was called to live in the Court of the Prince of Orange, Walaeus commended his old Master Gomarus to the Curators of the University for to succeed in the Professorship; whereupon Gomarus acknowledged in the presence of many, that Walaeus had overcome him in kindness, and withal asked him forgiveness, for that he had opposed his Professorship at Middleborough, which (saith he) I did at the instigation of Giles Bursius.

He lived most lovingly with his Wife; they never brake forth into anger, or mutual brawling: their mutual care was to please each other, and by deeds to prevent each others desires: Neither did Walaeus fear anything more then that his dear Wife should die before him: For he used her not only for the government of his Family, but for his constant companion. Whatsoever befell him in the Commonwealth, Church, or Civil converse, he acquainted her with it, asked, and often followed her advice, for she was a modest and prudent woman.

They were both careful in the education of their children, and their first care was to train them up in Piety and good manners: for which end he daily read some Chapters, and made some application thereof unto them: His next care was, that they might be brought up in Learning: neither would he wholly trust their Masters therein, but many times examined them himself to see their proficiency. Neither would he train them up to Science, but also to Prudence: for which cause when they were come to years of discretion, he used to impart to them the affairs and condition of Church and State, asking their judgments about each of them.

He sought not to advance his children to high places, knowing the danger thereof, but rather desired a middle and competent estate for them, wherein they might live honestly and more comfortably, and according to his desire, he lived to see his eldest son John a Doctor of Physic, and Professor thereof: and employed by the States into France to fetch that miracle of the World of Learning, Claudius Salmasius to Leiden. His daughter Margaret married to John of Breda, Doctor of both Laws: His daughter Katherine married to Anthony Clement, a learned and godly Divine: His son Anthony a Lawyer▪ His son Balwin a Student of Divinity: Only his youngest daughter Susannae remained at home to be a solace to her aged Mother.

Wall us enjoyed better health at Leiden then he had done at Middleborough; only that tormentor of Students seized upon him there [the Stone] in the Kidneys: which grievously tormented him, yet not often: once in four or five years: He was much troubled with Hypochondriacal wind, which was occasioned by his studying so soon after meals, yet would he not be dissuaded from that course.

One of these fits brought him to his end. For June the 29. Anno Christi 1639. he found his appetite to decay, and his stomach would not bare food: He was grievously also tormented with wind: yet would he not intermit his labors in his Professorship, in governing the University, and assisting in the Synod of South Holland, which was then met at Leiden.

July the 3. being Sabbath, he went to Church and gave thanks to God for all his mercies to himself, to his Family, and to the Church by his means, praying for God's blessing upon them for the time to come; this being the last Sermon that he intended to make. In reference to his disease such remedies as he had wont to find ease by, would now do no good: His disease increased, and his strength decreased: yet did 〈◊〉 Bogard and some other Ministers from the Sy •• d continually importune him to come to their meeting on Monday after for the great good of the Church.

Some chief Ministers had endeavored of late years to renew the Controversy about the power of the Magistrate in Ecclesiastical matters, whereupon they drew up a writing which they would have confirmed by all the Synods: and those which sought to impede it could not procure this Synod to reject it, because of the Authority of the Author: this was • ike to breed a great fraction in the Synod: And this Monday was appointed for the debate about this business, which made them so importunate to have Walaeus present that day: And accordingly he came to them: At his presence all kept silence: and he persuaded them that in things which were not clearly determined by Scripture, and were in some tolerable manner settled, there should be no questions moved: and told them that it was dangerous to contend with those men who could suppress them. This was Walaeus his last public action, which if it had been written in some men's minds, the Church had enjoyed more peace, and the Magistrates had been more favorable to it.

The next day the Pastors flocked to him to give him thanks, for that he had freed them from trouble, and the Church from disturbance. All whom he exhorted to bear with those which differed in judgment from them, and still to love them: both parties being equally necessary for the good of the Church. For the moderate would suffer all things to fall into confusion, were it not for the more zealous; and the more zealous would disturb all things, were they not restrained by the moderate.

The three next days his pain was tolerable, so long as he eat nothing, whereupon he conversed sweetly with his wife, children, and friends that came to visit him: and attended his other businesses, till at last (at the importunity of his son John ) he desisted: Yet his strength sensibly decayed: and on Thursday night he fell into a sleep, out of which he would not be awakened till Friday in the Evening, when they set a Cuppingglass to his Neck: At which time his son John called his Mother, Brothers and Sisters, fearing least he should presently fall asleep again: withal telling his Father that his life was near an end, and therefore if he had anything to say to them, he desired him to speak it: whereupon Walaeus exhorted them to sear God, to reverence their Mother, so God would bless and provide for them: that everyone should take care of all the rest, but especially that everyone should take care of himself; then he bade his son John to have a special care of his Mother, and so kissing them, took his leave of them all: and then turning his face from them, he again fell asleep, out of which he never awaked; only sometimes when his pains came upon him, he stirred a little: and so on the Sabbath about eleven a clock he quietly resigned up his spirit unto God that gave it, An. Christi 1639. and of his age 66.

How excellent a Divine he was, his Common places testify: How Orthodox and solid a disputer he was, his fourteen Disputations show in the Synopsis purioris Theology. How strong a defender of the Truth against Error, will appear by his answer to Corvinus in defense of Du Mollines Anatomy of Arminianism. As also his Censura confessionis Remonstrantium. How careful he was of Order both Civil and Sacred, is manifest by his tractate de Authoritate Magistratus in rebus Ecclesiasticis. How a religious observer of the Sabbath, his dissertation De Sabbatho declares. How desirous he was to reform the Ethnic practical Philosophy, appears by his Compendium Ethicae Aristotelicae ad normam veritatis Christianae revocatum.

His countenance was mixed with gravity: His pronunciation was modest and masculine: free from dissimulation: not without elegancy: neither by brevity did he procure obscurity, nor by prolixity tediousness. Sometimes he was more vehement, when the zeal of God's glory, the love of the Truth, or the heat of Disputation excited him. Against the Adversaries of the Truth he contended not by reproaches or railings, but by strong arguments drawn out of the sacred Scriptures. As oft as he was called by the Prince of Orange, or the States to compose Ecclesiastical differences, he never spared his pains therein. As oft as he was sent either by Magistrate or Presbyterie to the Camp, or about any other difficult businesses, no trouble nor danger made him decline the work. His conversation both at home and abroad was holy and blameless. He was Hospitable to his friends, charitable to the poor, pleasing to all: Not given to wine, but sober, just, temperate, and free from covetousness.

His Works are named before, and are bound up together in one Volume.

The Life of Henry Alting, who died Anno Christi 1644.

HEnry Alting was born at Embden in Frisland, Anno Christi 1583. of a very ancient and honorable Family: His Father, Menso Alting, was Pastor of Embden; his Mother was Mary Biscof, a choice Matron: In his childhood he was very sickly and weak, so that he was four years old before he could go. His Parents devoted him to the service of God, and his Church from the very Womb, and therefore Anno Chri. 1590. when he was seven years old, they set him to School in their own City of Embden, where he quickly discovered a prompt and ready wit, so that in the space of seven years he went through all the forms in that School, and being fitted for it, at fourteen years old his Father sent him to the University of Groning, where he studied the first year under Buningius, and three other years under Vbbo Emmiu • , the first Rector of that University; a man famous through the World for his Learning: By his diligence under such Tutors he profited exceedingly, writing an excellent Latin style, and being well grounded in the knowledge of the Arts.

From thence his Father sent him into Germany for the advancement of his Learning, and having saluted Marpurg, he went to Herborn, Anno Christi 1602. where that famous Divine John Piscator was Professor, under whom our Henry applied himself to his studies, and by his great industry and excellency of his wit was so far approved of, that he was employed in reading Philosophical and Theological Lectures: So that after three years abode there, he began to think of entering into the Ministry, for which end he resolved to go into Helvetia and France, to receive Orders in some of those Churches: But God for the present intended him to another employment: For upon the commendations of the Professors of Herborn, Piscator, Zepper, and Martinius, he was appointed by Count John of Nassau to be Tutor to three young Counts, viz. William of Nassau, Conrade Lodowick of Solmes, and Phil. Ernest of Isenburg, who at this time were Students in the University of Sedan, together with the young Prince Frederick, son to Frederick the fourth, Elector Palatine, who afterwards was chosen King of Bohemia.

But before our Henry went to Sedan, he went to Heidelberg. to John Albert Count of Solmes, and from thence to Friedelsheim to the Prince Elector himself, by whom he was courteously entertained; and being furnished with Letters and necessaries for his journey, he went to Sedan, where he arrived in the beginning of September, An. Christi 1605. and undertook his Office.

He had continued but awhile in that place, before it was requisite for him to withdraw, with his charge from that City, for fear of a siege which was threatened by Henry the fourth King of France: and therefore they all went to Heidelberg, and our Henry in the Princes Court attended his former employments, having a fourth added to the former three Noblemen, viz. John Conrade, the Rheingrave. Yea the very same Summer Prince Frederick himself was committed to his tuition, to be by him instructed in History and Geography: And at last, viz. 1608. he was wholly left to the instruction of our Henry and Zacharias Collius, who went back with him to Sedan, the storm being now over, where he so carefully attended his charge all day, that he was fain to get time out of his sleep for the study of Divinity.

The University of Sedan had at this time famous Divines in it, as Daniel Talenus, and James Cappel, with whom he entered into a strict bond of familiarity.

Anno Christi 1610. the Prince Elector dying, he returned with the young Prince to Heidelberg, where he attended his daily employment.

Anno Christi 161 • . the Prince Elector being to go into England to marry the Lady Elizabeth daughter to King James, would needs have our Henry to go along in his train: In which journey he escaped death very narrowly, himself with Scultetus, and some other of the Princes company being surprised with a storm upon the Lake of Harlem, so that with great difficulty, and half drowned, they gat to the further shore. This was October the seventh in the afternoon, just at which time his Father died, leaving this life for a better.

Alting having escaped this danger, with a better voyage arrived safely in England, where he was kindly entertained, and became familiar with George Abbot Archbishop of Canterbury, John King Bishop of London, and Doctor Hackwell Tutor to the Prince of Wales: yea, and King James himself conferred familiarly with him.

February following An. Christi 1613. the Prince Elector being married, sent Henry Alting with his Scholars before him into the Palatinate, who in their journey travelled through Zealand, Flanders, Brabant, Limburg, Jul • ers, and Collen, and so at last arrived at Heidelberg in April: the new married couple being not long behind them.

About four months after our Alting was called to be a Professor of Divinity, to read Common places in the University of Heidelberg: Into which he was admitted August the 16. which was the Princes birth day: And because by the Statutes of the University none could be Moderator of the Disputations but a Doctor, he was solemnly inaugurated into that degree, November the 18. by Pareus Dean of the University, and Bartholomew Coppenius Doctor of Divinity. And this was very remarkable, that amongst all the tumults and pleasures of the Court, his mind was never taken off from the study of Divinity. But God's Providence intended him to some further employment then a Professors place: For there was in Heidelberg an excellent Seminary of the Church, endowed with large revenues called the College of Wisdom: The Prince therefore chose him Master thereof, October the 15. An. Chri. 1616. together with two Colleagues to instruct and train up young Divines for the work of the Ministry: and how much good he did therein, they are able to relate who gratefully acknowledge what profit they reaped by his care and culture.

Whilst he was thus laboring in his double employment, Coppenius another Professor died, whose place was devolved upon our Alting: but by a rare and great example of modesty, he chose rather to continue in his former employments, and by his favor and authority in the Princes Court, prevailed that Abraham Scultetus should have that Professors place transferred upon him.

About this time a National Synod was called at Dort, for the composing of the differences in the Belgic Churches by reason of the Arminians, and when grave, learned, and godly men were chosen out of all the Reformed Churches to be present at it, (which was Anno Christi 1618 and 1619) our Altingius, with two others, was sent from Heidelberg to assist in that work: where he approved himself to all that were present both for his excellent Learning in Divinity, and his dexterity in explicating cases of greater difficulty.

Thus far we have heard the happier and more comfortable part of his life, now follows the more sad and afflicted part of it: For scarcely was the Synod ended, wherein the Arminians were condemned, and the Orthodox Truths established, but Alting with his Colleagues returned to Heidelberg; and at the same time the tumults in Bohemia began: The Prince Elector is chosen King of Bohemia and Crowned: Spinola breaks into the Palatinate: the great battle was fought nere Prague; the Bohemians are beaten, which was An. Chri. 1620. And the year following the University of Heidelberg was dissipated, the Students flying for fear, and the Professors having liberty granted them to go whether they pleased. Yet our Alting sending his family into a place of safety, stays still in the College of Wisdom, keeping the Students in good order; remaining unterrified in the midst of emminent dangers, whilst he was serviceable to the Church, satisfied his own Conscience, and the earnest desire of the King, who from the H • gue had written to him desiring him not to depart from Heidelberg.

An 〈…〉 in the month of ••• gust Heidelberg was besieged by 〈◊〉 , and • eptember the 6. was taken by storm, at which time it suffered whatsoever Military licent • ousness could inflict by plunderings, murders, and ravishing of Matrons and Virgins, all being heightened by the hatred of Religion, and the brutishness of the Cro •• s. At this time our Alting was in his study, who hearing of the surprise of the City, bolted his door, and betook himself to Prayer, looking every moment when the bloody Soldiers would break in to sacrifice him to God: But the great Arbiter of life and death took care for his safety: For Monsieur Behusius, Rector of the School, and his dear friend hiring two soldiers, called him forth, and conveyed him through a back door into the Lord Chancellors house, which Tilly had commanded to be preserved from plundering by reason of the Public Monuments of the Commonwealth that were kept in that place. This house was commanded to be guarded by a Lieutenant Colonel that was under the Count of Hohenzollem, a man greedy of prey, who least he should lose his share in the booty by his attendance upon that place, sent forth his Soldiers as it were a hunting, commanding them that if they met with any Citizens of note, that under pretence of safe-guarding them, they should bring them to him, purposing by their ransom to enrich himself: To this man Alting was brought, who with his naked sword reeking with blood, said to him: This day with this hand I have slain ten men, to whom Doctor Alting shall be added as the eleventh, if I knew where to find him. But who art thou? Truly such a countenance, and such a speech in such a juncture of time might have affrighted the most constant mind: But our Alting by a witty answer, neither denying himself to be Alting, nor unseasonably discovering himself, answered (as sometimes Athanasius in the like case) I was (saith he) a Schoolmaster in the Colle • ge of Wisdom: Hereupon the Lieutenant Colonel promised him safety, who if he had known him to be Alting, would surely have slain him

Oh what a sad time had he that night, which he passed without sleep, hearing the continual shrikes and groans which filled the air of Women ravished Virgins deflowered, men, some drawn to torments, others immediately slain: But when he saw that many fled to this house as to their only refuge, fearing lest he should be discovered by some of them, either through imprudence or malice, he retired into a Cockloft: where, whilst he hid himself, this Lieutenant Colonel was by the authority of Tilly presently commanded away, not giving him so much time as to seek out his Schoolmaster, that the house might be resigned to the Jesuits for whom it was appointed. Yet under these new inhabitants our Alting should not have been one jot safer, if God had not by a special providence provided for his safety. For the kitchen of this house was reserved for Tillies own use, and one of the Palatines Cooks was appointed over it, who closely fed and maintained him, and whilst the Jesuits were providing all things in a readiness in the Church for the Mass, he hired three Bavarian Soldiers that kept guards in the streets, to guard him to his own house.

When he came thither he found all things broken, plundered and carried away, and in his study he found a Captain boasting that all things therein were his own: yet (saith he to Alting) I give thee leave to take any one book, and to carry it away with thee. This proffer our generous Alting refused, saying, Sir, If all these things be yours, I pray God that you may enjoy them longer then their last Master did: This was with Job, to say, The Lord hath given, and the Lord hath taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord.

Thu • returning to his former refuge, not without very great danger, three days after Tilly▪ (who had taken up Altings son in Laws house for his Quarters, was prevailed with to grant him a safe conduct to go to Heilbron, to bring back his family from thence▪

Thus escaping out of Heidelberg, he passed through a thousand dangers and deaths, till it pleased God at last to bring him safely to Heilbron; from whence after a short stay, he went to Schomdorf, where he found his family: In which place he stayed till Frebruary following, having obtained leave so to do of the Duke of Wirtemberg, by the mediation of his Dutches, whom otherwise the Lutheran Divines would not have endured; and indeed they fretted exceedingly at it, having no other reason for their spleen, but only because he was a Professor of Heidelberg.

The year following being 1623. the King of Bohemia sent for him into the Low-countries, and at last (through God's mercy) after a long, difficult, dangerous, and chargable journey both by Water and Land, he arrived safely with his Family at Embden, and after a short stay there went into Holland, presenting himself to his King, who presently made him Tutor to his Eldest son Frederick: Neither would the King suffer him to embrace a frequent call which he had to a Pastora • charge in Embden.

Yet neither did he pass over that year without great danger; For as he was passing in a sled upon the ice nere Purmerend, the ice breaking, he fell into the water, and was very near drowning. But (by God's mercy being pulled out, he fell into a dangerous disease, of which though he recovered, yet he felt a continual pain in his left shoulder all his life after.

A while after taking all his Family with him, he removed to Leiden to oversee the Kings sons in their studies.

Anno Christi 1625. Sibrand Lubbertus dying at Franek • r, he was called by the States of Frisland to supply that place, and they sent again and again to the King to desire his consent thereto: But the King not consenting, he modestly excused it.

Anno Christi 1626. he was called to Groning to supply the place of Ravens • erg, one of the Professors of Divinity lately dead; And though the King would by no means at first hear of it, yet at the importunity of the Senate and University, he at last consented, and furnishing him with necessaries dismissed him: So that he removed to Groning, and the Easter following began his work in the University Anno Christi 1627. yet once a year he used to visit the King, who always highly prized him, and used him very familiarly.

He supplied that Professors place at Groning for the space of eighteen years with admirable fidelity, diligence, and industry, as not only his hearers but his works testify; As his Body of Divinity, His Explication of Vrsins Catechism, and the Belgic Confession. His Disputations and Lectures against the Manual of Becanus: His Tractates concerning the Plague: Predestination and the Term of Life. His Vindication and Explication of the Canons of the Synod of Dort: Besides some other of his Works not yet printed.

He was three times Rector of the Academy in Groning. In the years 1628. 1636 and 1641. At all which times he brought some great profit or other to the University. In his first Rectorship he procured an increase of Fellowships: For whereas there were but forty before, he increased them to sixty. In his second Rectorship he procured a great augmentation to the University Library. In his third he obtained that one of the Doctors was sent at the Public charge to Leiden to buy the choicest Books out of Gomarus his Library. He was seven years Pastor of the Church of Groning. At the request of Count Benthemius he visited the County of Steinfurt, purged it from Socinianism, and settled peace in the Churches: He, together with some other learned men, was employed in perusing and correcting the new Version of the New Testament and the Apocrypha Books, wherein he attended it with great diligence and danger at Leiden, the Plague being very rife amongst them at the same time. He always had a singular care of the Churches of Germany, and especially of the Pallatinate, improving his interest in procuring liberal contributions in all the Reformed Churches for their maintenance, that they might not perish through want. The Collections which were made in England, were committed to his distribution with two others by the Elector Charles Lodowick. The contribution of that Noble and Munisicent man Lodowick de Geer was put into his hand for the training up of young German Students in Divinity, which might (when God should restore peace) furnish the Churches of the Palatinate again: which trust he discharged with great diligence and fidelity. He refused the Cals which he had to Vtrick and Leiden: For though he condescended to the latter, when it was brought him Anno Christi 1633. by the Syndic of Leiden, yet it was upon condition that the Provincial States of Groning would give their consents: But he was too dear to them to be dismissed, though several requests were made to them by the States of Holland for the obtaining thereof. He was once call • back by the Administrator of the Palatinate, Prince Lodowick Philip, to be Professor of Heidelberg, and to restore the Churches in the Palatinate: and for that end he went through many dangers as far as Franckfurt: but by reason of the overthrow at Norlingen, a new tempest hung over the Palatinate▪ which hindered his prosecution of that work. How much he watched over the good of the University of Groning; how careful he was for the choice of able Professors in case of vacancy; and how prevalent he was therein by reason of his favor and authority with the States, is known to all that were his Contemporaries there. He was very careful for the training up of young Students to the work of the Ministry, that they should not be sent forth raw and unprovided to so great and difficult employments: for which end he caused Ecclesiastes Bucani to be printed for their use.

He married a wife whilst he was at Heidelberg Anno Christi 1614. a little before he was called to his Professors place: Not rashly (as many do) marrying and getting children before they have means to maintain them. She was a very religious Matron [ Susanna Belieria ] the daughter of Charles Belierius, then Consul of Heidelberg: with whom he lived lovingly without domestic quarrels for the space of near thirty years, by whom he had seven children.

He was tall of stature and well set: He had quick eyes and lively senses: a loud and pleasing voice: A sound constitution, only by reason of his many occasions of grief, somewhat inclining to Melancholy, so as he was prone to such diseases wherein that humor did abound. In his old age he was somewhat slow of gate, not through unwealdiness of body, but by reason of the speedy growth of old age upon him. He was very pious and learned, and adorned with all graces. If he set himself to reprove vice, he performed it with great gravity. If he comforted his friends, he did it with admirable dexterity. If he admonished any of their duty, he did it with much lenity. His Ministry was full of Majesty; his style eloquent; his matter clear and solid. He was very sociable, pleasant, and loving in his converse with his friends. By his practice, converse, experience, and reading both of ancient and modern Ecclesiastical Histories, he attained to a great measure of wisdom. He was very zealous in defending the Orthodox Religion. Very far from busying himself in other men's matters. Could not endure strife and contentions: Shunned those vain distinctions and fooleries of Sophisters whereby they rather darken then explicate the mysteries of Salvation. He could not endure novelties in Divinity, holding that of Tertullian, Primum quod{que} verissimum, That which is most ancient is most true. His profession was without dissimulation; his Divinity solid and substantial, not that which is fetched out of the puddles of the Schoolmen (though he was no stranger to them) but out of the pure Fountain of the Sacred Scriptures. He was a constant studier of the Peace of the Church, yet always so as not to hazard the loss of truth which he ever preferred before the former. He was of a constant mind, always the same; valiant in adversity, moderate in prosperity, having well learned 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 , to sustain and abstain. In reproofs he was affectionate without bitterness: In admonishing and counseling prudent without passion: In choosing his friends of a quick judgment, and constant in retaining them: When he was to deliver his judgment either in the Academical Senate, or in the Ecclesiastic Presbyterie, he so went before others with his prudent counsel, as not to neglect to hear others judgments, neither would he take it ill if they dissented from him. If any question of great difficulty happened, he would never rest till he had searched out, and made plain the truth. If any resorted to him in private to ask his advice in Sacred, Civil, Academical, or Oeconomical affairs, his answer was instead of an Oracle to them.

His prudence did futher discover itself by the government of his Family, where he kept all in peace, order, and concord; and concerning which this only was known that nobody kn • w what was done therein.

Anno Christi 1639. he buried one of his daughters called Mary, a beautiful and virtuous young maid, which caused so great grief to him that he fell into a Quartane Ague, which Physicians hold to be mortal in old men; and though at last he was cured of it, yet it lest ill relics in his weakened bo • y, which in the year 1641. brake forth into a far more grievous disease, viz. a Leth • rgy, which threatened an Apoplexy, and which the Physicians did foretell to be fatal: Yet neither by this sharp affliction could his steadfast mind be cast down: For after a while, contrary to all men's expectations, he began to recover strength, though indeed he was never perfectly cured. A third affliction which befell him, was the death of his dear wife, which fell out the year after upon October the 15▪ the same day upon which formerly he had been chosen Master of the College of Wisdom. From that very time of the loss of his wife he was discerned to decay, his solitude increasing his melancholy, which afterwards he could never get the mastery over. Yea he often foretold that he should not long survive his wife: and though the Easter after he went as far as •• mbden to visit his friends, and recreate himself with their society, yet thereby he did but increase his destempers. For he was detained there for the space of twenty days by reason of a Catharr and Feaver; after which he returned to Groning, but much weakened and troubled with obstructions which Physic could not remove▪ nor any Medicines cure. Yet it pleased God that he had some lucid intervals, at which times he would attend upon his Professorship, and the affairs of the University and his friends.

August following, those obstructions so far prevailed that they took away his stomach, and thence ensued a sensible decay of his strength, which afterwards was accompanied with great pains in his Back and Loins, that caused often faintings.

In his sickness Doctor Maretius visiting him, with a firm voice and friendly mind he congratulated him for that he was designed for his successor: For (saith he) it much rejoiceth me that I shall leave to the University and Church one that is studious of peace, Orthodox in judgment, and averse from novelties; and I require you that as you have ever maintained friendship with me, so do the like with mine whom I shall leave behind me. The day before his death he sang the 130 Psalm with a sweet voice, and fervent zeal to the Lord, and spent the rest of his time in hearty Prayers and holy meditations. In the Evening he blessed his children, and then commanded his son Doctor James Alting to pray with him, and in his Prayers to remember the Church and University. The next day which was Sabbath day in the morning he found himself somewhat better, yet presently after he fell into a swound. After the Morning Exercise, his old friends Doctor Camerarius, and Doctor Strasbergerus, Agents for the Crown of Sweden, came to visit him, by whose conference he was somewhat refreshed: but no sooner were they gone, when feeling that his disease had conquered Nature, he told those about him that before Sunset he should depart to the Lord: and so acting his faith upon the death and merits of Christ, upon the promises of the Gospel, and cheered up with the comforts of the Holy Ghost, he expected death without fear, and presently after with a constant voice he bade them all farewell, as being ready to depart to Christ, which he much longed for: Then causing himself to be somewhat raised up, they perceived that he was ready to depart, wherefore hastily sending for the Reverend Pastor of the Church Wesselus Emmius, his old friend, he prayed with him, and as long as he perceived that he understood him, he cheered him up with the sweet promises of the Gospel, valiantly to go through that last combat; and so about three a clock in the afternoon, in the presence of his friends, and the Professors of the University, without the least struggling, he quietly slept in the Lord, Aug. 25. Anno Christi 1644.

His Works are mentioned before in his life.

The Life of Frederick Spanhemius, who died Anno Christi 1649.

FRederick Spanhemius was born in January Anno Chri. 1600. in Amberg, the Metropolis of the upper Palatinate, which year was famous for many things, especially for that memorable battle of Newport, wherein Prince Maurice overthrew the Spanish Forces: His Father was Wigand Spanhemius, an honorable and most pious man, being Doctor of Divinity, and a Counselor to Frederick King of Bohemia in Ecclesiastical affairs: For Church businesses in the Palatinate are not ordered by Presbyteries and Consistories, as in other Reformed Churches, but by certain Ecclesiastical and Civil persons chosen by the Prince, to whom the whole care of Ecclesiastical matters is committed.

His Mother was Renata Tossana, the daughter of that famous Divine Daniel Tossanus, sometimes Minister in Orleans, afterwards Pastor and Professor of Divinity in Heidelberg: Our Frederick so soon as he began to speak, shown such towardliness and ingenuity, that he gave hopes of excelling when he should come to riper years: His parents therefore, least so fruitful a field should lie untilled, took care that he should be trained up in Religion and Learning, first under their own wings till he was seven years old; and then they procured him to be admitted into the Elector School in that City, where, as he grew in years he increased both in Learning and Piety, so that when he was eleven years old, falling into a Tertian Ague, which held him long, he made a vow unto God, that if he pleased to restore him, he would (so soon as he was fit) apply himself to the study of Divinity, whereby he might be able to do him service in his Church all his life long.

An Chri. 1631. the Plague brake forth at Amberg, which raging for seven or eight months together, dissipated that School, whereby his studies were hindered: yet did his Father endeavor to make up that defect by his private instructing of him at home: So that the year following his Father judging him fit for the University, sent him to Heidelberg, which at that time was the common Mart of Learning, unto which Students resorted out of all parts: when he came thither, he first sojourned in the house of his Uncle Paul Tossan; by whose converse and example he profited very much: but after a while being examined by the Ecclesiastical Senate, and judged fit, he was admitted into the College of Sapience, where he spent four years and an half under those famous men, Henry Alting and Conrade Decker, to whom he approved himself both for his wit, diligence and progress in Learning: For indeed he spent no time idly, imposing a task upon himself, whereby he did not only equal, but far exceed all his contemporaries: First drinking down those more pleasant studies of the Arts: then betaking himself to the study of Latin and Greek out of the most Classic Authors: after which he proceeded to the Hebrew, which he prosecuted with such fervor, that in four months space he read over the whole Hebrew Bible: He made also in that time three public Orations: First of the Life and praises of Saint Ambrose; Secondly, Of the authority of the Laws prescribed to him by Altingius; and lastly of the four honorable Offices belonging to the Electoral family. He also kept a public Disputation De Mundo under Christopher Jugnitius: After all which in January An. Chri. 1619. by the command of his Superiors, he stood with five Competitors, and underwent a private and public examination in the Hebrew, Greek, and Latin Tongues: as also in Logic, Physicks, Mathematics, and Ethick • , and made Theams and Verses in all those three Languages: and disputed concerning Judiciary Astroligie with one of his Competitors. Examination being ended he was made Master of Arts, and so returned with honor to his Parents; with whom after he had staid a while he was by them sent to Geneva, in regard of the eminency both of the Teachers and City: For indeed that City was famous from the first Reformation in which Calvin and Beza flourished, who derived the same excellent Genius wherewith themselves were adorned to their successors.

At his first coming thither he fell into acquaintance with Vedelius the Professor of Philosophy, and Heidanus, who afterwards made his Funeral Oration: These men found in him such qualifications as drew their affections to him: For they discerned him to be serious, contemplative, affable towards all, and of elegant manners: and abounding with profound speculations, which as he did not ambitiously discover, so neither did he conceal them where he might profitably make use of them: The greatest part of his time he spent in his private studies, and in learning the French Tongue, with the elegancy whereof he was much taken, so that in a few months he attained to good skill in it: For the furtherance whereof they agreed amongst themselves at meals to give an account in French of what they had read that day.

An. Chri. 1620. he publicly disputed with Universal applause under Turretine concerning the five Articles controverted by the Arminians: wherein he gave an Essay what might afterwards be expected from him in that kind. The year following things being in a deplorable condition in Bohemia, and in the Palatinate, he went to Gratianople, that he might free his Parents from further charge in his maintenance; and from thence to Ebrodune, an Episcopal City in the upper Dauphaunie; where he was Tutor to a Noble man's sons for three years, during which time he conflicted with many diseases, especially with a dizziness in his head, for which by the advice of a Physician he had a Fontinel made in his left arm, which wholly freed him from that disease.

Whilst he was in this City, he twice contested with the Pontificians: First in the Jesuits College with Father Hughes concerning Justification, the authority of the Scriptures, the Church, &c. And afterwards with a Franciscan Friar in the presence of the Mayor of the City, a Papist, and many Popish Lawyers concerning the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper: In both which he found (as he professed) the special assistance of God, so that though he was young, and not much versed in those controversies, yet he in the judgment of his very adversaries was not overcome.

At the end of the three years, having with much difficulty obtained leave of the Noble man, he returned to Geneva: and after a while went from thence to Paris, where he was most courteously entertained by Samuel Durant, the Pastor of the Reformed Church, his Kinsman, with whom he lived till the death of Mr. Durant, by whose advice he refused the Professor of Philosophies place at Lausanna, to which he was invited by the Magistrates of Bern.

During his abode at Paris he grew into familiar acquaintance with the learned Cameron, who was so far affected with his sweet disposition, that though he differed from him in some points, especially about Universal Redemption, yet did he endeavor to carry him along with him to Montalban, whither he was called to be the Divinity Professor, but prevailed not. He sometimes also visited Tilenus and Grotius, and had acquaintance with them.

An. Chri. 1625. in April, by the approbation of Mr. Durant he came over into England, where he stayed four months, in which short time he took a survey of the Kingdom, learned the Language, gat acquaintance with the most learned men, and observed many things that were worthy notice: as the funeral of King James: the arrival of Queen Mary: the Parliament: the Convocation of the Clergy: the Act at Oxford, and many other things. But the Plague being at that time hot in Oxford, (according to his former engagement to his Cosen Durant ) he left England, and returned to Paris, where he set upon the study of the Chaldee and Syriac Languages, and read over the Chaldee Paraphrase of the Prophets, and the Evangelists and most of the Epistles in Syriac.

These were his Halcyon days, which were broken off by the death of Mr. Durant, who left unto him his whole Library: after which he retired himself into the Family of the Noble Arnold, Counselor and Secretary of State, who entertained him at his own Table, being much delighted with the variety of his Learning and Piety.

And thus far he lived a private life: but in July An. Chr. 1625. he was called by his friends to Geneva; and indeed he delighted in that City above all others, wishing that there he might fix his station: whereupon he hasted thither upon this Call, and often spake of the good Providence of God to him therein: For when he came to Lions, being to pass over the River Araris, he would needs go over in a Boat: but by the violence of the stream his Boat was split against an Arch of the Bridge, whereby with much difficulty he escaped drowning, and so (through God's mercy) coming at length to Geneva, An. Chri. 1626. he found the Professor of Philosophies place to be void by the death of Gasper Alexius, and so by the unanimous vote of all, he was preferred before all his Competitors to it, whereby after all his travels and troubles he aimed at a safe and quiet harbor: Hereupon the better to bind himself to continuance in that place, the year after he resolved to marry, and pitching his affections upon Carlot a Portu, the daughter of the Noble Peter a Portu, with the good liking of her friends, he married her, and ever after carried a tender affection towards her; and indeed she well deserved it in regard of her virtues, and innocence of manners, joined with Dovelike simplicity, free from fraud and guile. For she wholly depended upon her husband, and was willing to be governed in all things by his advice, which is the chief commendations of a wife, and so had all things common with him. And herein our Spanheim admirably shown his wisdom, who as he was famous abroad, so he took special care that no domestic jars should infelicitate his life: his endeavor also was not only to preserve, but to increase his outward estate: well remembering that speech of the Holy Apostle, whereby he requires that a Bishop should govern his house well, and keep his children in subjection with all honesty, For, saith he, If a man cannot govern his own family, how shall he take care of the Church of God?

By this wife he had many children, whereof some died in their infancy, but he left seven behind him, all of great towardness, especially his two eldest sons, who are like to inherit their Fathers virtues.

But it was not fit that his excellent parts should be shut up within the Schools, nor his light put under a bushel, which ought so to shine that the Church of God might be illuminated thereby; whereupon the Reverend Presbyterie often advised him to apply his mind to the study of Divinity, which also he willingly did, and so to the great rejoicing of all he was ordained a Minister, and indeed so excelled, that he exceeded all men's hopes, both for his Eloquence and Doctrine: And it pleased God to call him forth to the constant exercise of it Anno Christi 1631. at which time Benedict Turretain one of the Professors, and his dear friend, dying, he was by the general consent of all chosen to succeed him, at which time he lay sick in bed, and dreamed of no such matter: This place he discharged for eleven years space with great applause: For then he discovered what was afterwards to be expected from him both by his Lectures and Disputations: so that that University was never in a better condition then when it was illustrated by the light of Spanhemius.

An. Chri. 1635. he was chosen Rector of the University, at which time he made that excellent Oration, which was published in the name of Geneva Reformed, being just an hundred years after that City first embraced the Gospel.

Hereupon the Bernates consulted about drawing him to Lausanna, to succeed in the place of James à Portu: They of Groning edeavoured to get him to them: and the Prince Elector Palatine sought also the same: but the miseries which at this time fell upon the Palatinate, put an end to those desires: At last Leiden obtained him, though with much difficulty, the Magistrates and Church of Geneva much opposing it: Yet the Curators of Leiden insisted with so much earnestness by their frequent Letters, to which were added the request of the King of Bohemia, of the illustrious States of Holland and West- • risland, and lastly of the States General, that with much ado at length they extorted, rather then obtained his dismission from Geneva: But its worth observation what means they used to retain him, with what grief and sorrow they parted with him, what a confluence of people brought him forth of the City, and with what sighs and tears they parted with him, as if in losing him, they had lost a principal member of their body.

Yet before he left Geneva he went to Basil to take the degree of Doctor: For in Geneva they use no such degree, and therefore whilst he was there he affected it not: But being to go to Leiden where it was more necessary, he that had been for so many years a Teacher of others, now submitted to examination, and so was created Doctor: And this profit he gat thereby, that he viewed Helvetia, and became acquainted with many excellent and learned men, especially with Z •• gerus and Buxtorsius, whose names were now famous in the Christian World.

An. Chri. 1642. leaving Geneva, he with his whole Family and goods arrived safely in the month of October in Leiden, just upon that Festival day wherein they celebrated the memorial of their deliverance from the • panish siege, and was most gratefully and heartily welcomed by them: and so soon as he came thither it was observed that there ensued a great alteration both in his style, conceptions, phrases, and manner of life, so that he lived amongst the Hollanders as if he had been born amongst them. In his Oration which he made at his Inauguration, he shown himself a learned, pious, prudent and peaceable Divine. In his Disputations he was earnest, quick, and altogether insuperable, as one that knew all the lurking holes of S • ph •• iers, and withal knew how to overthrow them in their own Artifices: He was so acute that at the first word he understood the meaning of his Antagonists, and many times did so happily enucleate it, that expressing it better then themselves could, he taught them thereby: and when any difficulty arose, he could easily by the light of reason discuss and make it clear: But when he handled the cause of God, and was to assert his truth, and honor against the impudence of adversaries, you might have seen him go beyond himself: rising up with a great spirit and unusual zeal to dispel the objections of his adversaries. Many times also in Disputations, least they should be jejune and frigid, he would furnish the Opp • nent with Arguments, and arm him against himself, least an hour should pass without profit to the Hearers. His care was not only to learn the first grounds of some of the Arts, but he rested not till he had gained the exact knowledge of all the Arts, and had dived into the profundity of Philosophy: For its the sign of an ignoble and slothful mind to retain and conclude itself with in narrow bounds: yet rested he not in the knowledge of human Arts, but only made them Handmaids and Servants to Divinity: For that indeed he prized above all other studies, and therein he spent most of his time, endeavoring thoroughly to understand the Sacred Scriptures, and to vindicate the same from all the false glosses put upon them by Heretics: He, if ever any man, was studious of the Truth: to the defense whereof he consecrated all his studies, and indeed was then in his Paradise when he had attained to the knowledge of obscure Truths, or had brought light to difficult Texts, or had • reed them from the wrestings or cavils of Heretics. He was truly a Scribe taught to the Kingdom of Heaven, who out of his treasury brought forth things new and old: And although his mind was estranged from contentions, yet was he so great a lover of Truth, that no bonds of friendship or acquaintance, nor fear could divert him from the defense thereof: he always preferred the cause of God before all other relations and respects: And though he often professed that his chiefest desire was to grapple with the open Adversaries of the Church: yet withal, he declared that he could not be silent towards those Brethren who through ignorance or infirmity sought to undermine the Truth: for many times a little spark neglected at first, proves a dangerous fire When men have once undertaken the Patronage of an opinion, they begin to cling close unto it, and the Error of it being not timely discovered to them, begins to please them, and at last shame of detracting what they have published, makes them incorrigible. A great wit, sound judgment, and strong memory, seldom meet in one man, by reason of the different tempers whence they proceed; but they did all so concur in our Spanheim, that it was hard to say in which he most excelled. He was somewhat choleric by nature, yet so suppressed the same, that he brake not forth at any time into sinful anger.

He was a man so addicted to his study and the Schools, that its a wonder how he could understand anything else: But God had made him a man both for contemplation and action; as may appear by the use which Noble men and women made of him for advice in civil affairs: When he wrote of Politicks, you would have thought that he had studied nothing else in the whole course of his life: Before he grew old, he was an old man for wisdom and intentness upon businesses. His whole life was an Idea of wisdom, whereby as occasion required, he could accommodate himself to affairs of all sorts. He was a wary estimator of human affairs: In his friendships he observed this rule, that though he did not admit all promiscuously, yet did he admit not a few into his familiarity. He was very ready to do good to, and to deserve well of all; and whereas many had daily occasion to make use of him, he rather numbered then weighed the good turns he did them. He had almost so many friends as acquaintance, especially of those that excelled in Learning: In England, Usher, Selden, Prideaux, Morton, and Twisse, who a little before death would trust nobody but our Spanheim with sundry writings which he had prepared for the press. In France, besides many Noble men who were in great places of dignity, he had Molinaeus, Tro • chinus, William Rivet, Garissolius, Beaumontius, Mestrezatius, Drelincourtius, Bouterovius • Muratus, Blondellus, Ferrius, Petitus, Croius, Vincentius, Bochartus, almost all of them famous for their writings: I • Germany he had Zuingerus, Vlricus, Buxtorsius, Crocius, with some others; yea out of Sweden, the Queen herself the m • racle of her sex, did lately salute him very kindly by her Bishop, and by her Letters signified how much she esteemed him, and how much she was delighted with his Works. In Transylvania, Bisterfield, a very learned man, kept constant correspondence with him by frequent Letters. But we must not forget Andrew Rivet, who was inferior to none of the Divines that then lived, with whom he had a most strict bond of friendship, so that they seemed to have but one soul in two bodies, they willed and nilled the same thing, their opinions and judgments never differing: But as he was always an acute observer of wit and learning, so he never desired more intimacy with any then with such as by an unusual kind of Learning excelled all others, whereupon, seeing Salmatius, as the bright Sun obscuring all other Stars, acknowledging the immensity of his Learning, and the magnitude of his Heroic motions, he often professed that he delighted in nothing more then in his friendship: and Salmatius also willingly embraced the same, insomuch as when Spanheim lay sick, hearing that he desired to speak with him, though at that time he lay sick of the Gout, Salmatius hasted to him, where with many tears and sighs they embraced each other, conferring of such things as became Christians, and such great men to speak of, to their mutual satisfaction.

He lived also most friendly with his other Colleagues, weighing prudently what each of them deserved: But amongst all, observing Bernard Schot to excel for his skill in the Law, and dexterity in dispatching businesses, as also for his obsequious mind towards him, he made choice of him especially to impart his secrets to, and to rest most upon his advice.

He always, as he ought, much esteemed the singular good will of the Prince of Orange towards him, as also of the Queen of Bohemia, and other of the States, to whom deservedly he was most dear: as they testified by their extraordinary grief at his death.

He always upon every occasion professed how much he was beholding to the Curators and Magistrates of Leiden, for their singular good will towards him, whereby they often anticipated, and exceeded his modesty in conferring favors upon him. The most excellent Princess of Orange also, after his death, sent to his widow and eldest son, professing that the loss of him was no less a grief to her, then if she had lost another husband, or dear son, so highly did she esteem of him.

Neither may any man wonder whence it came to pass that he had so many friends, if withal he do but consider the multitude of Letters that he sent and received, so that his study seemed to be a Compendium of all Europe. But behold the mutability of all Earthly things! The truth is, his labors were so many and great, that if his body had been of Oak, or Iron, he could not have held out long: so that we may truly say, that the employment of his soul destroyed its own habitation, which was worn out, and dissolved with too much exercise: For besides the public labors which he underwent in the Church and University, his private and domestical cares, his conferences with his friends, his frequent intercourse of Letters, his various writings, and giving counsel to others, took up every moment in his life: And though he was often admonished by his friends to favor himself and moderate his pains, yet would he by no means be persuaded to it.

Hence it was observed that his strength began sensibly to decay, and he was troubled with great obstructions, so that himself began to complain of them, yet would he not diminish his daily task: And thus he continued all the Winter afflicted with weakness, and pains at sundry seasons. His last Sermon he Preached at Easter, upon those memorable words of Saint Paul, Phil. 3. 21. Who shall change our vile body, that it may be like his glorious body, &c. Also after his last Lecture, returning home, he complained of the decay of his strength, which was so great, that with much difficulty he went on to the end of his Lecture, as many of his Auditors observed.

From thenceforth his health decayed, and his strength declined more and more, and which was an ill sign, his weakness was greater then his disease: yet notwithstanding he was delegated in the midst of April, by the Church, to a Synod of the French Churches which met at Harlem, whither he went, though the labor was too great for his weak body: And at his return he sensibly discerned that he was much worse, so that though no signs of death appeared outwardly, yet was his weakness such, that being taken off his Legs, he was confined to his bed: Hereupon he foresaw the approach of death, and wholly gave up himself to God, whom he continually invoked by ardent prayers, and sighs, which had been his constant practice in the whole course of his life: But yet April the 28. he thought himself better, and that there were some hopes of his recovery: whereupon in the afternoon he sat up at his study window: where he had not continued long before he was seized upon by a violent Feaver, with a great trembling and shaking of his whole body, which at length ended in a burning, so that he lay all night as if he had been in the midst of a fire: whereupon seeing his end to approach, in the presence of his Family he poured forth most ardent Prayers to God; Profesting that he knew Christ to be his Redeemer in whom he believed, and with whom he knew that he should shortly be, and that he desired nothing so much as his happy dissolution, his soul still breathing after Christ: Only this by earnest prayers he begged of God, that he would give him strength to undergo whatsoever he should please to lay upon him, and that he would not suffer him to be tempted beyond what he was able to bear, that he might have a quiet and comfortable departure out of this miserable and sinful world:

Presently the famous Physician Dr. Stratenus was sent for from the Hague, who was his special friend, to whom was adjoined Dr. Walaeus, who performed all the Offices of good Physicians, and did what Art could do: But their business was not so much with the disease, as with death, which refused all remedies. The Citizens of Leiden mourned exceedingly for his sickness; the Queen of Bohemia, and the Princess of Orange shown most tender affections towards him: His wife and family foreseeing their calamity in his loss, were dissolved into tears: But Heidanus coming to visit him, he declared to him the inward peace of his soul, his hope of future glory, and his faith in Christ, together with his earnest desire of leaving this miserable World: He also freely forgave all that had wronged him, desiring the like from others, if he had any way justly offended them: Professing that whatsoever he had done, he did it out of his love to Truth, and his care over the Church. The night before his death Dr. Triglandius was sent for to him, whom he always loved and honored as his dear friend, and Colleague, who being come, prayed with him: and the next day Dr. Massisius Pastor of the French Church did though like: And thus he spent all that week in Prayers and holy Exercises: On Wednesday night he caused his son to read to him the 8. cha. of Ezekiel and part of the Epistle to the Romans: after which he spake to his eldest son [ Frederick ] exhorting him to the study of Divinity, requiring him not to be withdrawn from it by any means whatsoever; he thought that he could never speak enough of the tender love, care, and diligence of his wife shown towards him. A little before his death, recollecting his spirits, in the presence of Samuel Riverius Pastor of Delph, with a clear and fervent voice, he prayed with such ardency of affections, as caused all to wonder. In his Prayers he gave immortal thanks to God for all his blessings bestowed so plentifully upon him in the whole course of his life: and for that he had blessed him so much amongst strangers: acknowledging himself to be less then all those blessings, and that he had nothing to return to his Majesty for them but his grateful heart: Above other things he especially blessed him for bringing him forth in a Reformed and Orthodox Church, and for that he had not suffered him to be infected with the Popish Religion, whose Doctrine he professed to be erroneous and contrary to the Gospel of Christ, and the way of perdition: He prayed heartily to God to continue these blessings to his Family forever, and that he would never suffer any of them to be seduced to Popery: He prayed also that in the pains of death he might with all his soul breath after God, and might before hand have some taste of the glory of heaven.

This Prayer being ended, his strength and voice failed him, and so about Sun-setting he quietly slept in the Lord, Anno Chri 1649. and of his Age 49.

Genevae rogatu regis Sueciae, lingua Gallica conscripsit Militem Suecicum: Huic comitem addidit Mercurium Helveticum: Commentarium vitae & Mortis Christopheri à Dhona. Leydae rogatu Reginae Bohemiae edidt Memorias Ludovice Juleanae Electricis Palatinae. Conciones tres▪ Thronum Gratiae, Thronum Jud • cii, Thronum Gloriae. Latinae scripsit Genevae, Genevam Restitutam. Prim • m, Secundam, & Tertiam Dubiorum Evangelicorum partem. Chamierum item contractum. Leydae, Exercitationes de Gratia universali. Epistolam ad Buchananum de controversies Anglicanis: Item Epistolam ad Cottierium de conciliatione Gratiae Vniversalis. Besides divers others which he began, but could not finish, being prevented by multitude of businesses, and death.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

A Table of all the Principal things contained in this BOOK.

A
• ABstinence, pag. 169.
• Afflictions, p. 189. 275. 291. 301. 569. 573. 703. 742. 754. 805. 848. 905.
• Afflictions sanctified, p. 867.
• Anabaptists, p. 237. 238. 265. 297. 311.
• Anabaptists confuted, p. 535.
• Anabaptists wickedness, p. 603. 605. 622. 686. 734. 859.
• Anger, the evils of it, p. 115. 186. prevented, 117.
• Antinomians, p. 246.
• Apologies for the Christians, p. 17. 18. 26. 51.
• Apostasy, p. 496. 878. 905. See Falls of the Saints.
• Appeals, p. 93.
• Arminians, See p. 954, &c.
• Astrologers confuted, p. 639.
• Atheism, p. 855

B
• Backsliding repented of, p. 223.
• Bible translated, p. 236. 290. 306. 326. 751. 860. 92 • . 977.
• Blasphemy, p. 576. 720. 952.

C
• A Cain, p. 317.
• Censures rash, p. 556.
• Charity to souls, p. 179. 180. 216. 251. 286. 291. 760.
• Charity, p. 47. 48. 52. 94. 96. 97. 100. 118. 121. 143. 158. 163. 164. 165. 176. 179. 182. 191. 197. 494. 499. 504. 509. 513. 515. 520. 525. 540. 608. 699. 708. 730. 743. 757. 760. 794. 795. 819. 830. 840. 864. 881. 910. 926. 932. 951. 993.
• Chastity, p. 34. 48. 95. 97. 133.
• Children's education, p. 251. See Family Government.
• Christ preferred before all, p. 603. 752. 809. 827. 867.
• Christians are Pilgrims, p. 161.
• Comfort in afflictions p. 489. 495. 509. 520. 521. 528. 531. 534.
• Confession of Augsburg. p. 241.
• Conscience, p. 3. 118. 200. 495. 501. 508. 522. 549.
• Conscience guilty, p. 36. 184. 284. 530. 550.
• Contentation, p. 57. 188. 571. 670. 773. 837.
• Conversion, with the means of it, p. 11. 15. 17. 28. 46. 109. 167. 225. 275. 283. 292. 293. 311. 321. 328. 333. 335. 485. 487. 497. 520. 525. 554. 555. 573. 575. 582. 597. 601. 616. 679. 685. 710. 733. 805. 808. 902. 925.
• Covetousness, p. 177. 197. 310.
• Councils, p. 59. 81. 139. 142. 153. 162. 246.
• Courage and Constancy of the Saints, p. 2. 6. 7. 8. 12. 17. 24. 32. 47. 52. 101. 102. 113. 144. 213. 223. 230. 234. 235. 240. 250. 277. 285. 287. 322. 326. 485. 488. 489. 493. 499. 501. 505. 506. 508. 509. 521. 527. 558. 590. 607. 646. 687. 706. 717.
• Cruelty of Persecutors, p. 7. 12. 36.

D
• Death, p. 161. 202.
• Death desired, p. 102. 570. 701. 743. 802. 827. 830. 883. 900. 906. 917.
• Death prepared for, p. 273. 533. 608. 700. 724. 765. 774. 784. 787. 798. 802. 838. 884. 906. 912. 926.
• Death not feared, p. 508. 514.
• Comfort at Death, p. 496. 746. 811.
• Diligence, p. 148. See Industry. Dissention amongst Ministers, p. 56.
• Divisions dangerous, p. 686. 965.
• Dreams remarkable, p. 262. 513. 566.
• Drunkenness, p. 164. punished by God, p. 781.

E
• Eloquence, p. 108. 930.
• Envy dangerous, p. 28. 35. 126. 174. 950.
• Excommunications. Of Origen, p. 36. of Theodosius, 116. of Nestorius, 162. of Nuts, 212. of Popes Bull. 233

F
• Family Government, p. 499. 519. 699. 910. 931. 995.
• Faith, p. 145. 160. 164. 197. 237. 240. 249. 286. 320. 332. 502. 522. 724. 743. 848. 996.
• Falls of God's Saints, p. 36. 208. 222. 283. 550. 696.
• Fidelity, p. 47. 511. 818. 846. 993
• Flight in persecution, p. 6. 71. 79. 90. 497. 586. 607. 671. 682. 687. 696. 728. 757. 761. 792. 799. 839. 859.
• Flight refused, p. 6. 505. 513. 527. 549.
• Forgiveness, p. 29.
• Fortitude, p. 132. See Magnanimity.
• Friendship, p. 270. 302. 311. 584. 607. 674. 869. 881. 883. 898.
• Frugality. p. 587.

G
• Gluttony, p. 164.
• Gospels swift progress, p. 311.
• Grace, p. 4.
• Gratitude, p. 814.

H
• Hatred cured, p. 111.
• Heart tender, p. 513. 759.
• Heavens glory, p. 172.
• Heretics punished with death, p. 645. 654. 967, &c.
• Heretics plagued by God, p. 5. 67. 163. 622. 632. 650. 956.
• Heretics seditious, p. 66. 70.
• Heretics profane, p. 23. Malici • us, p. 114. 170.
• Heretics nominated, p. 27.
• Heretics reformed, p. 35. 43. 44. 147. 149. 153. 173. 260. 605. 626. 881.
• Heretics Persecut • rs, p. 59. 60. 79. 84. 102. 126. 169. 961.
• Heretics subtle and false, p. 60. 62. 68. 69. 71. 81. 109. 129. 137. 153. 173. 955. 956. cruel, 71. 91. 109. 170. See Inconstant.
• Heresy infectious, p. 96. 131. 133. 741. 964.
• Hospitality, p. 761. 911. 981.
• Humility, p. 3. 28. 47. 96. 97. 116. 147. 156. 157. 173. 144. 175. 178. 181. 186. 197. 200. 515. 540. 558. 564. 569. 605. 745. 761. 773. 793. 820. 826. 888. 890. 906. 926. 932. 981.

I
• Jews plagued by God, p. 94.
• Ignorance, p. 138. 225. 493. 532.
• Impatience, p. 169.
• Inconstancy of Heritecks, p. 23.
• Independents confuted, p. 810.
• Industry, p. 172. 179. 193. 198. 272. 331. 334. 483. 527. 539. 553. 563. 569. 580. 606. 607. 613. 617. 628. 654. 659. 669. 699. 704. 709. 727. 750. 770. 776. 794. 796. 815. 830. 838. 847. 852. 857. 890. 898. 900. 924. 930. 947. 998.
• Ingratitude, p. 161. 739. 763. 764. 959. 972.
• Injustice, p. 18. 705.
• Interim made, 330. the mischief of it, p. 330. 738. 801.
• Joy unspeakable, p. 273. 283 784. 904. 927.
• Judasses, p. 291. 548.
• Justice, p. 911.

L
• Love, p. 102. 145.
• Love to Christ, p. 132.
• Luther's pa •• onatness, p. 245. 265. 300. 574. • 37
• Lying abhorred, p. 144. 19 7

M
• Magnanimity, p. 47. 144. See Fortitude.
• Malice of the Churches enemies, p. 8. 9. 33. 914. 916.
• Malice of Satan, p. 12. 22.
• Martyrdom desired, p. 32. 108.
• Martyrs encouraged, p. 33.
• Meditation, p. 145. 199.
• Meekness, p. 140. 171. 175. 501. 982.
• Ministers loved, p: 145. 298. 787. 969. See Pastors.
• Ministers Ordination, p. 21. 26. 29. 35. 135. 148. 172. 186. 193. 226. 321. 483. 492. 553. 556. 601. 704. 851. 907. 948.
• Ministry successful, p. 11. 34. 43. 137. 155. 173. 196. 253. 492. 556. 584. 605. 674. 711. 734. 826. 903. 904. 925. 931.
• Ministers faithful, p. 51. 100. 109. 135. 144. 147. 164. 176. 198. 200. 212. 258. 272. 319. 492. 499. 504. 519. 526. 527. 557. 560. 584. 600. 640. 685. 692. 700. 721. 735. 773. 798. 9 •• 0. 926. 930. 950. 957. 996.
• Miracles, p. 9. 12. 102. 252. 795.
• How long they continued, p. 23.
• Moderation, p. 173.
• Modesty, p. 47. 108. 163. 191. 959. 981.
• Money despised, p. 241.

N
• Nichodemites confuted, p. 635.

O
• Oaths, p. 158.
• Origen's fall and lamentation, p. 36, &c.
• Origen the first that even Commented on the Scriptures, p. 43.

P
• Parents duty, p. 3. Honoured, p. 826.
• Pastors faithful, p. 3. See Ministers.
• Patience of the Saints in afflictions, p. 2. 4. 94. 96. 156. 197. 216. 280. 286. 489 495 500. 504. 551. 565. 660. 690. 743. 754. 834. 839. 899. 902. 927. 933.
• Peace sought, p. 22. 136. 165. 242. 329. 697. 734. 911. 917. 931. 960. 972. 983. 994.
• Perjury plagued by God, p. 67.
• Persecutors welcomed, p. 6.
• Persecutions great, 24. 44. 57. 936.
• Persecution increaseth Religion, p. 27. 639.
• Persecution advantageous, p. 54.
• Persecutors plagued by God, p. 143. 213. 217. 299. 317. 577. 626. 649. 658. 708. 720.
• Perseverance, p. 97. 273.
• Plato praises God for three things, p. 836.
• Pleasures dangerous, p. 186.
• Popish lies and slanders, p. 202. 248. 273. 620. 638. 652. 659. 809. 883. 951.
• Popish malice, p. 203. 207. 222. 265. 271. 275. 276. 281. 288. 291. 326. 332. 423. 500. 505. 526. 541. 574. 577. 589. 602. 606. 672. 673. 687. 753. 843. 859. 869.
• Popish cruelty, p. 213. 214. 216. 217. 222. 296. 489. 495. 509. 531. 584. 634. 728.
• Popish treachery, p. 315.
• Popish profaneness, p. 226. 532. 631. 712.
• Popish subtlety, p. 549. 585. 874.
• Popish blasphemy, p. 227. 258. 289. 309.
• Popish uncleanness, p. 718.
• Poverty of godly men & Ministers, p. 160. 273. 324. 549. 571. 602. 670. 747. 791. 828. 856. 886. 914. 924.
• Prayer frequent, p. 28. 164. 491. 528. 559. 926. 932.
• Prayer prevalent, p. 160. 176. 181 245. 246. 247. 253. 313. 528. 564. 742. 759. 794. 853. 882.
• Prayers at death, p. 9. 10. 13. 216. 249. 502. 522. 568.
• Preaching difficult, p. 108.
• Predictions, Prophesies, p. 59. 111 140. 174. 217. 225. 255. 273. 278. 282. 499. 506. 523. 527. 528. 564. 697. 717. 721. 722. 793. 794. 862.
• Pride, p. 166. 184.
• Prodigies, p. 112. 180. 208. 215. 320. 566. 658. 831.
• Profaneness punished, p. 118.
• Providences special and extraordinary, p. 12. 32. 33. 36. 57. 64. 71. 83. 88. 100. 113. 118. 152. 156. 206. 207. 225. 253. 280. 289. 485. 490. 526. 529. 548. 570. 599. 611. 618. 673. 688. 703. 706. 707▪ 720. 731. 781. 791. 797. 811. 843. 846. 856. 858. 867. 888. 925. 944. 979. 990.
• Prudence, p. 61. 76. 82 122. 138. 157. 167. 168. 202. 288. 290. 484. 537. 539. 543. 581. 593. 621. 685. 834. 868. 932. 963. 970. 973. 984. 990. 992. 995.

R
• Repentance, p. 20. 200. 284. 856.
• Repentance not to be delayed, p. 118.
• Riches dangerous, p. 138. 145.

S
• Sacrilege abhorred, p. 635. 801.
• Satan's malice, p. 526. 557. 593. 604. 625. 631. 674. 679. 710. 782
• Schismati • ks what like, p. 24. Malicious, p. 151. 152.
• Scoffers punished by God, P. 721.
• Scriptures studied, p. 28. 165. 186. 193. 225. 258. 940.
• Self-denial, p. 607. 628. 833. 972.
• Sin the fore-runner of Persecution, p. 48. 49. 516.
• Sin hateful, p. 189. 198.
• Speeches excellent, p. 7. 12. 30. 101. 161. 166. 167. 239. 251. 285. 286. 489. 495. 503. 624. 745. 746. 828. 900. 907.
• A new Star, p. 743.
• Studiousness, p. 42. 48. 127. 177. 199. 226. 295. 513. 540. 600. 695. 832.
• Sufferings of the Saints, p. 2. Rejoyced in, p. 171.
• Synods, p. 55. 149. 484. 622. 810. 826. 879. 880. the necessity of them, p. 735. 965.

T
• Temperance, p. 815.
• Tentations, p. 70. 145. 163. 239. 252. 308. 486. 522. 527. 550. 724. 747. 924.
• Tentations resisted, 169. 314. 315. 501. 514. 602. 855. 858. 866. 867. 903. 904.
• Thieves converted, p. 763. 801. 851. 852.
• Time to be well employed, p. 200
• Treachery, p. 544. 619. 716.

V
• Vanity of all earthly things, p. 24. 550.
• Visions, p. 6. 50.
• Uncleanness prevented, p. 192.
• Usury, p. 120.

W
• Witchcraft frustrated, p. 236.
• Word of God how to be heard, p. 195.

Z
• Zeal blind, p. 285. 524.
• Zeal true, p. 2. 12. 17. 20. 32. 101. 119. 137. 144 147. 191. 193. 202. 207. 218. 258. 281. 287. 289. 311. 312. 328. 487. 492. 495. 505. 532. 576. 604. 606. 607. 673. 685. 702. 704. 710 714. 740. 765. 783. 904. 981.
• Zeal against Heretics, 5. 10. 〈◊〉 21. 22. 26. 30. 33. 59. 97. 99 106. 109. 121. 131. 144. 149 155. 708. 777. 806. 893. 994.

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