A Paraphrase on the New Testament

CHAP. IX.

ANd Saul yet breathing out threatenings and slaughter against the Disciples of the Lord, went unto the high Priest, 2. And desired of him Letters to Damascus to the synagogues, that if he found any of this way, whether they were men or women, he might bring them bound unto Jerusalem.

1. Ignorant zeal made Saul set himself to destroy the Chrstians, and sought to the High Priest for Power, and travelled toward Damascus to do it: that he might find them out and bring them in Bonds.

3. And as he journeyed he came near Damascus: and suddenly there shined round about him a light from Heaven.

3. God the father of Light; useth to show himself to man by Light, external and internal, and so do his Angels when the Devil is the Prince of Darkness.

4. And he fell to the Earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?

4. The Power of God went forth with that Light, and cast him to the ground, &c. Note 1. Love and Mercy in Christ expostulate with a blinded furious Sinner, in order to his Conversion. 2. But till Power had cast him down the Expostulation came not: God can soon lay proud Prosecutors on the Earth, and tame them and make them fear and hear. 3. Whatever is done against Christians for anything that Christ commandeth them, he taketh as done against himself. If we are bound by the Law of Christ to Preach, to Pray, to edify each other, to live a Holy life, and we be reviled, scorned, called all manner of evil names, imprisoned, fined, banished, or murdered for this Christ will judge the doers of it as doing it against him.

5. And he said, Who art thou, Lord, And the Lord said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest: It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.

5. Note, Did wicked Prosecutors know Christ, it would restrain them from persecution. (But the subtle Devil hath taught Hypocrite Christians to prosecute him as by his own Authority and Commission, and in his own name, and for his Church (that is, themselves.) 2. Christ's Servants should no more doubt of their seasonable vindication when persecuted for their duty, than if Christ was pesonally persecuted in their stead 3. O how terrible will it at last prove to Persecutors, that they have kicked with their bare feet against the Pricks or Thorns of God's displeasure? Who hath hardened himself against him and hath prospered? Or who hath Conquered the Almighty.

6. And he trembling and astonished, said, Lord, what wilt thou have me to do? And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do.

6. Note, God can make the firercest Persecutor tremble: And then O how they are changed, ready to do anything that God will bid them, which before they Persecuted. And if the change be true, this will hold and come to practice. 2. O then what need have proud Persecutors to be cast down, and how great a mercy to them it may prove?

7. And the men which journeyed with him, stood speechless, hearing a voice, but seeing no man.

7. Note, In Act. 22.9. it is said, they that were with him saw the Light and were afraid, but heard not the voice of him that spake.] The sense of both is, they saw the Light and heard the sound, which its like was a Thunder, or like it; but heard not the voice or words of Christ, which in that sound were uttered to him, nor saw any similitude of Christ. Though we have only Paul's witness of this, his after life of labor, suffering and Miracles proveth it to be true.

8. And Saul, arose from the Earth; and when his eyes were opened he saw no man: but they led him by the hand, and brought him into Damascus.

8. This stroke of blindness, was to convince him of the blindness of his Persecuting fury.

9. And he was three days without sight, and neither did eat nor drink.

9. Note, This was some conformity to Christ's being three Days and Nights in the darksom Grave.

10. And there was a certain Disciple at Damascus, named Ananias, and to him said the Lord in a vision, Ananias. And he said, Behold, I am here, Lord. 11. And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the street which is called Straight, and inquire in the House of Judas for one called Saul of Tarsus: for behold, he prayeth, 12. And hath seen in a vision a man named Ananias, coming in, and putting his hand on him, that he might receive his sight.

10. Ananias was a Christian appointed by God to this work on Saul. 2. Praying was (next to resolved obedience and submission) the first fruits of Saul's Conversion.

13. Then Ananias answered, Lord, I have heard by many of this man, how much evil he hath done to thy Saints at Jerusalem: 14. And here he hath authority from the chief Priests; to bind all that call on thy name.

13. Note, Ananias objecteth what he had heard of Saul's, as rendering his conversion improbable.

15. But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and Kings, and the Children of Israel. 16. For I will show him how great things he must suffer for my names sake.

15. Obey me who know man, and my own decrees, and object not former things against me, I have chosen him, &c.

17. And Ananias went his way and entered into the House; and putting his hands on him, said, Brother Saul, the Lord (even Jesus that appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest) hath sent me, that thou mightest receive thy sight, and be filled with the holy Ghost.

17. God hath made known to me, what he did to thee by the way, and hath sent me that thou mightest be restored to thy sight and filled with the Holy Ghost, for gifts necessary to the Ministry.

18. And immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales; and he received sight forthwith, and arose, and was baptized.

18. He was Miraculously struck blind, and Miraculously cured, and then Baptized.

19. And when he had received meat, he was strengthened. Then was Saul certain days with the Disciples which were at Damascus. 20. And straightway he Preached Christ in the Synagogue, that he is the Son of God.

19, 20, Being strengthened with food, he conversed certain days with the Christians at Damascus whom he purposed to have presecuted, and forthwith Preached Christ in the Syoagogue to the Jews, that he is the Son of God, and consequently all his Gospel true. (And then going into Arabia retured to Damascus again before he went to Jerusalem.

21. But all that heard him were amazed, and said, Is not this he that destroyed them which called on this name in Jerusalem, and came hither for that intent, that he might bring them bound unto the chief Priests?

21. The sudden change from being a destroying Persecutor to be a Preacher made the People wonder.

22. But Saul increased the more in strength, and confounded the Jews which dwelt at Damascus, proving that this is very Christ.

22. Proving Jesus to be the true Christ, inferreth all the rest to be believed.

23. And after that many days were fulfilled, the Jews took Counsel to kill him:

23. If one of the Leaders of the Persecutors or Malignant wicked Men should be Converted and persuade his Companions to turn, they would but seek to kill him also, till God Convert them.

24. But their laying await was known of Saul: and they watched the Gates day and night to kill him. a5. Then the Disciples took him by night, and let him down by the wall in a basket.

24. Note, It is lawful to avoid the violence of bloody Persecutors by secret flight.

26. And when Saul was come to Jerusalem, he assayed to join himself to the Disciples: but they were all afraid of him, and believed not that he was a Disciple.

26. Note, 1. Conversion will show itself by joining with the Converted. 2. Known Persecutors and wicked men are not too hastily to be trusted, when they profess Conversion.

27. But Barnabas took him, and brought him to the Apostles, and declared unto them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he had spoken to him, and how he had Preached boldly at Damascus in the name of Jesus. 28. And he was with them coming in, and going out at Jerusalem.

27, 28. This evidence was satisfactory and they received him to their constant Society of the Church,

29. And he spake boldly in the name of the Lord Jesus, and disputed against the Grecians: but they went about to slay him. 30. Which when the brethren knew, they brought him down to Cesarea, and sent him forth to Tarsus.

29, 30. He Preeached Christ boldly and confuted the unbelieving Jews that used the Greek Tongue. But they sought to kill him, &c.

31. Then had the Churches rest throughout all Judea, and Galilee, and Samaria, and were edified, and walking in the fear of the Lord, and in the comfort of the holy Ghost, were multiplied.

31. Saul being Converted who was a chief Persecutor, and he being removed whom they afterward most maligned, the Christian Churches were quiet a while from Persecution, and were edified in knowledge, and Holiness of Heart and life, living in obedience to God, and in the Comfort of the inward Grace and outward Gifts and Miracles of the Holy Ghost, by which they were multiplied.

32. And it came to pass, as Peter passed throughout all quarters, he came down also to the saints which dwelt at Lydda.

32. Note, He was no Christian who was not a Saint, by Dedication to God and by profession.

33. And there he found a certain man named Eneas, which had kept his bed eight years, and was sick of the palsy. 34. And Peter said unto him, Eneas, Jesus Christ maketh thee whole: arise, and make thy bed. And he arose immediately.

33. Note, The length and nature of the Disease made the Miracle the more notable and convincing.

35. And all that dwelt at Lydda, and Saron, saw him, and turned to the Lord.

35. The undeniable Miracle caused a general Conviction and Conversion of them.

36. Now there was at Joppa a certain Disciple named Tabitha, which by interpretation is called Dorcas: this woman was full of good works, and alms-deeds which she did: 37. And it came to pass in those days, that she was sick, and died: whom when they had washed, they laid her in an upper Chamber. 38. And forasmuch as Lydda was nigh to Joppa, and the Disciples had heard that Peter was there, they sent unto him two men, desiring him that he would not delay to come to them.

36. A laborious Charitable woman being dead, the Christians had Faith to believe that by Peters Ministry she might be raised to life, &c.

39. Then Peter arose, and went with them. When he was come, they brought him into the upper Chamber: and all the widows stood by him weeping, and showing the coats and garments which Dorcas made while she was with them.

39. Note, Its like they were poor-Widows, that shown the fruit of her Labor and Charity to them and others.

40. But Peter put them all forth, and kneeled down and prayed, and turning him to the body, said, Tabitha▪ arise. And she opened her eyes: and when she saw Peter she sat up. 41. And he gave her his hand, and lift her up; and when he had called the saints and widows▪ presented her alive.

40. Note, This was not a Miracle to be done without fervent Prayer: And it is like Peter had assurance of raising her as an answer to his Prayer, before he said Arise.

42. And it was known throughout all Joppa; and many believed in the Lord.

42. Thus Miracles made Christians, and fully sealed the Testimony of the Apostles.

43. And it came to pass that he tarried many days in Joppa with one Simon a Tanner.

CHAP. X.

THere was a certain man in Cesarea, called Cornelius a centurion of the band called the Italian band.

1. In Cesarea the chief City of the Country about seventy miles from Jerusalem, where was a Roman Garrison was one Cornelius Captain of an hundred in the Italian Regiment or Legion.

A devout man, and one that feared God with all his house, which gave much alms to to the people, and prayed to God always.

2. A Proselyte that was a Godly man and fearing God, with all his househould, liberal in giving Alms and constant in Prayer.

2. N. We must not think this man under mere common Grace, but in a state of saving Grace, such as the faithful Jews had before Christ's incarnation; such being prepared above others to believe in Christ personally, when he was come and Preached to them. This is notifyed, 1. In that he was a Proselyte of Justice though not Circumcised. 2. He is called a Godly man (or devout.) 3. He kept no other in his house. 4. He was full of works of Charity. 5. And constant in Prayer, with due fasting. 6. God testified his acceptance of him.

3. He saw in a vision evidently, about the ninth hour of the day, an Angel of God coming in to him, and saying unto him, Cornelius.

3. Being fasting and at Prayer at three a Clock Afternoon, an Angel appeared to him.

4. And when he looked on him, he was afraid, and said, What is it, Lord? And he said unto him, Thy Prayers and thine a • ms are come up for a memorial before God.

4. The sight of the Angel struck him with dread, &c. He said, Thy Prayers and Alms coming from Faith and a sincere heart, are so acceptable to God, that he hath sent me to give thee this notice of it, and to reward thee with a farther Blessing.

5. And now send men to Joppa, and call for one Simon, whose surname is Peter: 6. He lodgeth with one Simon a tanner, whose house is by the sea-side: he shall tell thee what thou oughtest to do.

5. Note, God will honor his appointed qualified instruments in the giving of his Mercies,

7. And when the Angel which spake unto Cornelius, was departed, he called two of his household-servants and a devout soldier of them that waited on him continually: 8. And when he had declared all these things unto them, he sent them to Joppa.

7, 8. Note, O What a Blessing to a Family is a good Master, that will keep such about him as he can trust, and also deserve his special Love. And what happy society are such Familys. This man had even Godly Soldiers, who use to be the worst of Men.

9. On the morrow as they went on their journey, and drew nigh unto the city, Peter went up upon the house-top to pray, about the sixth hour.

9. Note, God doth no great things usually, but by men of Prayer, at least accepteth no other.

10. And he became very hungry, and would have eaten: but while they made ready, he fell into trance, 11. And saw Heaven opened, and a certain vessel descending unto him, as it had been a great sheet knit at the four corners, and let down to the Earth: 12. Wherein were all manner of four-footed beasts, of the Earth, and wild beasts, and creeping things, and fowls of the air. 13. And there came a voice to him Rise, Peter; kill, and eat.

10. The clean and the unclean, noted the Jews and Gentiles, and also the abrogation of the Ceremonial Laws of Meats.

14. But Peter said, Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten anything that is common or unclean. 15. And the voice spake unto him again the second time, What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. 16. This was done thrice: and the vessel was received up again into heaven.

14. What Meats or what Persons God hath cleansed, do not thou call polluted and unclean to be rejected.

17. Now while Peter doubted in himself what this vision which he had seen should mean; behold, the men which were sent from Cornelius, had made enquiry for Simon's house, and stood before the gate, 18. And called, and asked whether Simon which was surnamed Peter, were lodged there.

17. The same God directeth both the Visions, and the Mess • ages of Cornelius to concur.

19. While Peter thought on the vision, the Spirit said unto him, Behold, three men seek thee. 20. Arise therefore, and get thee down, and go with them, doubting nothing: for I have sent them.

20. Note. How this speaking of the Spirit was done and known, they only that have it can fully conceive.

21. Then Peter went down to the men which were sent unto him from Cornelius; and said, Behold, I am he whom ye seek: what is the cause wherefore ye are come? 22. And they said, Cornelius the centurion, a just man, and one that feareth God, and of good report among all the nation of the Jews, was warned from God by an holy Angel to send for thee into his house, and to hear words of thee.

22. God commanded Cornelius to send for thee to hear thee.

23. Then called he them in, and lodged them. And on the morrow Peter went away with them, and certain brethren from Joppa accompanied him. 24. And the morrow after they entered into Cesarea: and Cornelius waited for them, and had called together his knismen and near friends.

23, 24. Note, This good man had a care that his Kindred and Friends, might all be saved as well as he.

25. And as Peter was coming in, Cornelius met him, and fell down at his feet, and worshipped him. 26. But Peter took him up, saying, Stand up; I myself also am a man.

25. Note, It was not a Divine Worship that Cornelius gave him; but yet Peter would not accept of any that was so extraordinary, as was unmeet for an humble man to own.

27. And as he talked with him, he went in and found many that were come together.

27. Note, As evil as those times were, such Conventicles were then allowed.

28. And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew, to keep company, or come unto one of another nation: but God hath shown me, that I should not call any man common or unclean. 29. Therefore came I unto you without gainsaying, as soon as I was sent for: I ask therefore for what intent ye have sent for me?

28. God hath satisfied me to come to you though Gentiles.

30. And Cornelius said, Four days ago I was fasting until this hour, and at the ninth hour I prayed in my house, and behold, a man stood before mein bright clothing, 31. And said, Cornelius, thy prayer is heard, and thine alms are had in remembrance in the sight of God. 32. Send therefore to Joppa, and call hither Simon whose surname is Peter; he is lodged in the house of one Simon a Tanner, by the sea-side; who when he cometh, shall speak unto thee. 33. Immediately therefore I sent to thee; and thou hast well done that thou art come. Now therefore are we all here present before God, to hear all things that are commanded thee of God?

30. I was thus commanded by an Angel of God to send for thee▪ and now I and my friends are all here ready as in God's presence obediently to hear what ever message or command God sendeth by thee to us, (some Copies have [before thee] not (God.)

34. Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons: 35. But in every nation, he that feareth him, and worketh righteousness, is accepted with him.

34. I do by this instance more fully than before perceive, that God respecteth not men for their Country sake, or any common worldly privileges, but for their real goodness, and whatever Nation a man be of, if he so sincerely believe in God and his Mercy, as to fear and serve him, or to work righteousness or truly obey his Laws, he shall be mercifully accepted by him, who is the rewarder of them that diligently seek him.

36. The word which God sent unto the Children of Israel, Preaching peace by Jesus Christ (he is Lord of all) 37. That word (I say) you know, which was published throughout all Judea, and began from Galilee, after the baptism which John preached; 38. How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the holy Ghost, and with power; who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the Devil: for God was with him.

36, &c. The word which God sent to the Children of Israel was not like Moses Law confined to them, but it was the Proclaiming of Reconciliation to all Jews and Gentiles that will believe in him, who is by Redemption Lord of all (and not only of the Jews. ) This word you cannot but have heard hath been published throughout all Judea, &c. How God endued Jesus with the Holy Ghost and with Power, who went about donig good and healing, &c.

39. And we are witnesses of all things which he did both in the land of the Jews, and Jerusalem; whom they slew and hanged on a tree: 40. Him God raised up the third day, and shown him openly, 41. Not to all the People, but unto witnesses chosen before of God, even to us who did eat and drink with him after he rose from the dead.

39. We are Witnesses of his Doctrine and Miracles, and of his Resurrection, and did eat and drink with him, being chosen to this Office.

42. And he commanded us to preach unto the People, and to testify that it is he which was ordained of God to be the judge of quick and dead.

42. Judge of all that are alive at his coming, and that were dead before and are then raised.

43. To him give all the Prophets witness, that through his name whosoever believeth in him, shall receive remission of sins.

43. All the Prophets foretold that, through the Merits of this the Messiah, God by his Covenant of Grace would give Remission of sins, to all that truly believe in him.

44. While Peter yet spake these words, the holy Ghost fell on all them which heard the word.

44. Even while Peter was thus speaking, the great miraculous gift of the Holy Ghost, came down on all that heard, which broke out in the effects before them all.

45. And they of the circumcision which believed, were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because that on the Gentiles also was poured out the gift of the holy Ghost. 46. For they heard them speak with tongues, and magnified God. Then answered Peter.

45. This was astonishing News to the Jewish Christians, to hear Gentiles speak Tongues not learned, and to be wrapped up in the praise of God.

47. Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the holy Ghost as well as we?

47. Can any reason be given, why these though Gentiles should not be Baptized, when God hath thus signally owned them by his miraculous gift of the Spirit, as he hath done us.

48. And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord. Then prayed they him to tarry certain days.

48. He caused them to be entered by Baptism into the Christian Covenant and Church: and they prayed him to stay a while with them, to confirm and comfort them.

CHAP. XI.

ANd the apostles and brethren that were in Judea, heard that the Gentiles had also received the word of God. 2. And when Peter was come up to Jerusalem, they that were of the Circumcision contended with him, 3. Saying thou wentest in to men uncircumcised, and didst eat with them.

1, 2. Note, 1. Even in the pure Apostolical first Church there were wrangling contending Christians. 2. Even that which should have been their rejoicing was their matter of censorious contention. 3. These weak ones charged sin on the Apostle as if they had been wiser and holier than he. 4. It was the separating and self honoring vice which caused this censorous contention.

4. But Beter rehearsed the matter from the beginning, and expounded it by order unto them, saying, 5. I was in the City of Joppa praying; and in a trance I saw a Vision, A certain Vessel descend, as it had been a great sheet, let down from Heaven by four corners; and it came even to me. 6. Upon the which when I had fastened mine eyes, I considered, and saw four-footed beasts of the Earth, and wild beasts, and creeping things, and fowls of the air. 7. And I heard a voice saying unto me, Arise, Peter; slay, and eat. 8. But I said, Not so, Lord: for nothing common or unclean hath at any time entered into my mouth. 9. But the voice answered me again from Heaven, What God hath cleansed, that call not thou common. 10. And this was done three times: and all were drawn up again into Heaven. 11. And behold, immediately there were three men already come unto the house where I was, sent from Cesarea unto me. 12. And the Spirit bade me go with them, nothing doubting. Moreover, these six brethren accompanied me, and and we entered into the man's house: 13. And he shown us how he had seen an Angel in his house, which stood and said unto him, Send men to Joppa, and call for Simon, whose surname is Peter: 14. Who shall tell thee words, whereby thou and all thy house shall be saved.

4. Of all this we have spoken on the former Chapter.

Note, 1. God who hath ordained the Ministry of men will use it for men's Salvation. 2. How greatly should the Gospel and men's Preachtng it be valued, when it is God's means of saving men. 3. God used then to Covenant and save whole houshoulds together. And it seems Cornelius 's house was prepared for it.

15. And as I began to speak, the holy Ghost fell on them, as on us at the beginning. 16. Then remembered I the word of the Lord, how that he said, John indeed baptized with water; but ye shall be baptized with the holy Ghost.

15, 16. I remembered Christ's promise of the Spirit, and saw that he owned them by fulfilling it.

17. Forasmuch then as God gave them the like gift as he did unto us who believed on the Lord Jesus Christ, what was I that I could withstand God?

17. Seeing God so evidently owned them as he had done us, I was neither able nor willing to oppose God in his way of mercy to the Gentiles, which should rather be our joy.

18. When they heard these things, they held their peace, and glorified God, saying, Then hath God also to the Gentiles granted repentace unto life.

18. Note. 1. Go • s miraculous gift of the Spirit was an undeniable evidence of his approbation. 2. Censorious separating Contention came from hafty rash judging of things unknown, and before they heard what could be said. 3. When contentious censorious Christians come to hear and know what may be said, they may yield and charge their minds.

19. Now they which were scattered abroad upon the persecution that arose about Stephen, travelled as far as Phenice, and Cyprus, and Antioch, preaching the word to none but unto the Jews only.

19. Note, The calling of the Gentiles was not yet well understand by them.

20. And some of them were men of Cyprus and Cyrene, which when they were come to Antioch, spake unto the Grecians, preaching the Lord Jesus.

20. Note, Whether by the Grecians be meant the Jews that speak Greek or Gentile Proselytes, is doubtful.

21. And the hand of the Lord was with them: and a great number believed, and turned unto the Lord.

21. God blessed their Ministry to the Conversion of a great number to Christianity.

22. Then tidings of these things came unto the ears of the Church which was in Jerusalem: and they sent forth Barnabas, that he should go as far as Antioch.

22. To confirm them and carry on the work.

23. Who when he came, and had seen the grace of God, was glad, and exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart they would cleave unto the Lord. 24. For he was a good man, and full of the holy Ghost, and of faith: and much people was added unto the Lord.

23. It rejoiced him to see what God's Grace had done.

Note, Every Goodman will be glad at the Conversion of Souls and the increase of the Church (As Diabolists are grieved at it and fight against it.)

2. Young Converts need Counsel and Exhortation to be confirmed and persevere. 3. Confirmation consisteth in a habitual fixed Resolution, or full purpose to cleave to the Lord.

25. Then departed Barnabas to Tarsus, for to seek Saul. 26. And when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch. And it came to pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the Church, and taught much people; and the Disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.

25. Barnabas having sought Saul, and drawn him to Antioch for more public service, they two did for a whole year, teach much People in the Church-Assembly (which it seems was then but one:) And the Disciples were then first called Christians, who before were called by Reprochers but Gallileans and Nazarites : (and since by Heresy and by hereticating reproaches, are called by a multitude of dividing and disgraceful names.

27. And in these days came prophets from Jerusalem unto Antioch. 28. And there stood up one of them, named Agabus, and signified by the Spirit, that there should be great dearth throughout all the world: which came to pass in the days of Claudius Caesar.

28. In divers Countrys, especially in Judea, should be a death.

29. Then the Disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to send relief unto the brethren which dwelt in Judea. 30. Which also they did, and sent it to the Elders by the hands of Barnabas and Saul.

29, 30. The Famine being most in Judea (the Country being dry and poor) and having frequent Famines, and many Converts to show the power of Love having sold their Possessions heretofore for common use, the Christians of other Countrys, sent them relief, by Paul and Barnabas, to the Elders of the Church to be justly distributed, as there was need.

Note, Whether by Elders here be meant the unordained Seniors of the People. Or the Presbyters ordained as such. Or as Dr. Hamond thought, Diocesan Bishops, who yet had never a Presbyter under them, and therefore were the single Pastors of single Congregations; is sufficiently elsewhere considered.

CHAP. XII.

Now about that time Herod the King stretched forth his hands to vex certain of the Church. 2. And he killed James the brother of John with the sword. 3. And because he saw it pleased the Jews, he proceeded further, to take Peter also. (Then were the days of unleavened bread.)

1. Note, 1. Kings bear the Image of God's Dominion, and have their power from him, and not against him, and above all men are bound to serve him to the utmost. Therefore such Persecutors as Herod being the greatest Traitors against God, no doubt have answerable punishment in Hell.

2. James that was one who sought to be Chief, was the Chief or first of all the Apostles in Martyrdom, and drank of Christ's Cup and was Baptized with his Baptism. 3. To please wicked men this King murdered Saints and displeased God.

4. The Holy days of unleavened bread or Easter are celebrated with the Murder of Christ first, and of James after. This the Hypocrites holiness.

4. And when he had apprehended him, he put him in prison, and delivered him to four quaternions of soldiers to keep him, intending after Easter to bring him forth to the people.

4, He set sixteen Soldiers to keep him, that after the Passover he might Sacrifice him to the People.

5. Peter therefore was kept in prison; but prayer was made without ceasing of the Church unto God for him.

5. The Church for so great a Minister in so great danger, betook themselves to their great remedy, even constant importunate Prayer to God.

6. And when Herod would have brought him forth, the same night Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains; and the keepers before the door kept the prison.

6. Just when the Tyrant intended hi Execution, &c.

Note, Chains and Keepers are nothing to God.

7. And behold, the Angel of the Lord came upon him, and a light shined in the prison: and he smote Peter on the side, and raised him up, saying, Arise up quickly. And his chains fell off from his hands.

7. Note, O how Powerful are God's invisible Agents in Comparison of Mortal worms. 2. It was a gentle harmless stroke that the Angel gave him; and such are God's awakening strokes.

8. And the Angel said unto him, Gird thyself, and bind on thy sandals: And so he did. And he saith unto him, Cast thy garment about thee, and follow me. 9. And he went out and followed him, and wist not that it was true which was done by the Angel: but thought he saw a vision.

8. Note. Implicite obedience by following God's call even when we know not whither, is acceptable and safe.

10. When they were past the first and the second ward, they came unto the iron gate that leadeth unto the city, which opened to them of his own accord: and they went out, and passed on through one street, and forthwith the Angel departed from him.

10. Note, 1. Nothing can hold those that God will deliver. 2. Angels are ministering Spirits for our good.

11. And when Peter was come to himself, he said, Now I know of a surety, that the Lord hath sent his Angel, and hath delivered me out of the hand of Herod, and from all the expectation of the people of the Jews.

11. Note, We seldom understand what God is doing for us in the beginning of our deliverances, as we do at last.

12. And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the Mother of John, whose surname was Mark, where many were gathered together, praying.

12. When he considered what God had done for him, he went to the house of Marks Mother, and there in the Night was a godly Conventicle of many Christians met to pray (no doubt in a special manner for his deliverance.) God sent him to them as answer to their Prayers.

13. And as Peter knocked at the door of the gate, a damsel came to hearken, named Rhoda. 14. And when she knew Peters voice, she opened not the gate for gladness, but ran in, and told how Peter stood before the gate.

13. This poor Maid that shown so much love to Peter by her joy, hath her name recorded in the Scripture.

15. And they said unto her, Thou art mad. But she constantly affirmed that it was even so. Then said they, It is his Angel.

15. Note, The word [Mad] doth but express that they thought her grossly mistaken as Mad folk use to be; only speaking it in such course phrase as men use to speak to Servants. 2. Whether by his Angel they meant an Angel of God representing him, or only a human Messenger sent by him is uncertain.

16. But Peter continued knocking: and when they had opened the door, and saw him, they were astonished. 17. But he beckening unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go show these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went into another place.

16, God having first sent him to them that were Praying for him in Answer to their Prayers, he first tells them to God's Glory how he was delivered, and then sends the notice of it to James (Christ's kinsman) and to the brethren for their encouragement. Our mercies are not given us only for ourselves.

18. Now as soon as it was day, there was no small stir among the soldiers, what was become of Peter. 19. And when Herod had sought for him, and found him not, he examined the keepers, and commanded that they should be put to death. And he went down from Judea to Cesarea, and there abode.

18. N. Whether it was Death or Imprisonment that the Soldiers were put to, is doubtful in the Greek Text: But it tells us that the Innocent may be a prey to Tyrants cruelty and injustice.

20. And Herod was highly displeased with them of Tyre and Sidon: but they came with one accord to him, and having made Blastus the Kings Chamberlain their friend, desired peace; because their country was nourished by the Kings Country.

21. And upon a set day, Herod arrayed in royal apparel, sat upon his Throne, and made an oration unto them. 22. And the people gave a shout, saying, It is the voice of a God, and not of a man. 23. And immediately the Angel of the Lord smote him, because he gave not God the glory: and he was eaten of worms, and gave up the Ghost.

20, 21. Note, A lively instance of the case of worldly Tyrants. To day Countrys are crowching to them, and Flatterers applauding them, and the persecuted fearing them, and tomorrow they are the stinking food of worms: As God's today, and as dung tomorrow.

24. But the word of God grew and multiplied. 25. And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their ministry, and took with them John whose surname was Mark.

24. Note. Both the deliverance of Peter, and the death of Herod furthered the success of the Gospel

CHAP. XIII.

NOw there were in the Church that was at Antioch, certain Prophets and Teachers; as Barnabas, and Simeon that was called Niger, and Lucius of Cyrene, and Manaen, which had been brought up with Herod the tetarch, and Saul.

1. The Church Assembled at Antioch, had then in it many Men of eminent Gift, for Prophecy and Teaching.

2. As they ministered to the Lord and fasted, the holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul, for the work whereu • to I have called them.

2. Note, To whom the Holy Ghost manifested this, whether to many or to few is uncertain.

3. And when they had fasted and prayed, and laid their hands on them, they sent them away. 4. So they being sent forth by the holy Ghost, departed unto Seleucia; and from thence they sailed to Cyprus. 5. And when they were at Salamis, they Preached the word of God in the Synagogues of the Jews: and they had also John to their minister.

3. Note, This was not the first Authorizing of them to be Ministers by Office; for they were called and Preacht before. But it was their Call or Mission to this Particular work▪ to go abroad Preaching to many Nations. To be separated to the Ministry is to be done but once: But to be appointed to this or that place, charge or flock, may be oft done, and that by Fasting, Prayer, and Imposition of hands. 2. They began their Preaching usually in the Jews Synagogues in all Countrys where there were such where they came, they being Expectants of the Messiah.

6. And when they had gone through the isle unto Paphos, they Found a certain sorcerer, a false Prophet, a Jew, whose name was Barjesus: 7. Which was with the Deputy of the Country, Sergius Paulus, a prudent man; who called for Barnabas and Saul, and desired to hear the word of God.

7. Note, His prudence made him willing to be instructed, and to hear men that said they were sent by God.

8. But Elymas the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) withstood them, seeking to turn away the deputy from the faith.

8. Elymas (which signifieth a Magician) opposed them to hinder the Deputys Conversion.

9. Then Saul (who also is called Paul) filled with the holy Ghost, set his eyes on him,

10. And said, O full of all subtly and all mischief, thou child of the Devil, thou enemy of all righteousness, wilt thou not cease to pervert the right ways of the Lord? 11. And now behold, the hand of the Lord is upon thee, and thou shalt be blind, not seeing the Sun for a season. And immediately there fell on him a mist and a darkness; and he went about seeking some to lead him by the hand.

9. The Holy Ghost inspired Paul to pass this sentence when he was resolved to execute it: it came not by the will of man primarily.

12. Then the deputy when he saw what was done, believed, being astonished at the doctrine of the Lord.

12. Whether the Deputy was Baptized is uncertain, But being Converted to the Faith we may say to his honor that Sergius Paulus was the first Christian Magistrate (unless you will call the Jewish converted Priests, Magistrates:) Constantine was not the first.) But he had no power to use Magistracy for Christianity, save obliquely.

2. The Judgment of God on Elymas was for the Deputies Conversion: what he did himself is unknown.

13. Now when Paul and his company loosed from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphylia: and John departing from them, returned to Jerusalem. 14. But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia, and went into the Synagogue on the Sabbath-day, and sat down.

13. Note. They began with the despised Jews still, as understanding each others Languages, and as the most prepared to hear the news of the Messiah: Miraculous Language was like Miraculous works: not constant and at the speakers will, as if they still spake by Miracles.

15. And after the reading of the law and the Prophets, the Rulers of the Synagogues sent unto them, saying Ye men and brethren, if ye have any word of exhortation for the people, say on.

15. Note, Thus were their Rulers like Church-Justices, that disposed of Order, that were no Teachers themselves. 1. It was among the Jews allowed any man that professed to be a wise man and a Teacher though not in Office, to Teach the People by the consent of the Ruler of the Synagogue. 3. The reading of the Law and Prophets was the chief part of their Liturgy.

16. Then Paul stood up, and beckening with his hand, said, Men of Israel, and ye that fear God, give audience. 17. The God of this people of Israel chose our Fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with an high arm brought he them out of it. 18. And about the time of forty years suffered he their manners in the Wilderness. 19. And when he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, he divided their land to them by lot. 20. And after that, he gave unto them judges about the space of four hundred and fifty years, until Samuel the Prophet. 21. And afterward they desired a King: and God gave unto them Saul the son of Cis, a man of the tribe Benjamin, by the space of forty years. 22. And when he had removed him, he raised up unto them David to be their King; to whom also he gave testimony, and said, I have found David the son of Jesse, a man after mine own heart, which shall fulfil all my will.

16. &c. Note, The recital of the History of the Jews, was by Peter and Stephen and Paul judged the meetest way to introduce the tidings of Christ as come, it being that which the Jews believed and understood, and on which they grounded their privileges and expectations.

23. Of this man's seed hath God according to his promise, raised unto Israel a Savior Jesus: 24. When John had first preached before his coming, the baptism of repentance to all the people of Israel.

23. This Jesus is the Son of David whom you expect, and John by Preaching and Baptizing foreshowed you.

25. And as John fulfilled his course, he said, Whom think ye that I am? I am not he. But behold there cometh one after me, whose shoes of his feet I am not worthy to loose.

25. John told you that he was not the Christ, but that this Jesus was he.

26. Men and brethren, children of the stock of Abraham, and whosoever among you feareth God, to you is the word of this salvation sent.

26. To you Jews and Proselytes who are prepared by the fear of God and expectation of the Messiah, we are sent to tell you that he is come, that you may believe in him to Salvation.

27. For they that dwell at Jerusalem, and their rulers, because they knew him not, nor yet the voices of the Prophets which are read every Sabbath-day, they have fulfilled them in condemning him. 28. And though they found no cause of death in him, yet desired they Pilate that he should be slain. 29. And when they had fulfilled all that was written of him, they took him down from the tree, and laid him in a Sepulcher. 30. But God raised him from the dead.

27, The chief of your Nation, not believing in him, nor understanding the Prophets, fulfilled the Prophesy by killing him, but God raised him.

31. And he was seen many days of them which came up with him from Galilee to Jerusalem, who are his witnesses unto the people.

31. He shown himself to those that he chose to be his Witesses to the World.

32. And we declare unto you glad tidings, how that the promise which was made unto the Fathers, 33. God hath fulfilled the same unto us their Children, in that he hath raised up Jesus again; as it is also written in the second Psalm, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee.

32. To you expectants we bring joyful news, the Messiah is come, the promise of him is fulfilled to us, and Christ is risen.

Note, Seeing all men love glad Tidings, the Gospel should be welcome to all.

33, And as David the Type is called God's begotten Son, because he Exalted him to the Throne, so is that word fulfilled now on Christ, indeed begotten of God and raised to Glory.

34. And as concerning that he raised him up from the dead, now no more to return to Corruption, he said on this wise, I will give you the sure mercies of David.

34. And this everlasting Kingdom which Christ is raised to, is that called the sure Mercies of David, Isa. 55.3.

35. Wherefore he saith also in another psalm, Thou shalt not suffer thine holy one to see corruption: 36. For David after he had served his own generation by the will of God, fell on sleep, and was laid unto his Fathers, and saw corruption: 37. But he whom God raised again, saw no co • ruption.

35. This musr be meant of Christ, &c.

38. Be it known unto you therefore, men and brethren, that through this man is preached unto you the forgiveness of sins: 39. And by him all that believe are justified from all things, from which ye could not be justified by the law of Moses.

38, 39. By his Sacrifice and Merits and intercession and Kingly Power, all sins shall be pardoned to all that truly believe in him, and take him for their Savior and King; And by him all such are acquit from damning guilt and punishment (initially now by his pardoning Law of Grace, and finally hereafter by his Judgment and Execution) from which the Law of Moses can never justify or acquit you; by all its Sacrifices, and your observances.

40. Beware therefore, lest that come upon you which is spoken of in the prophets, 41. Behold, ye despisers, and wonder, and perish: for I work a work in your days, a work which you shall in no wise believe, though a man declare it unto you.

40. Take head lest your obstinate unbelief cause God to cast you off, and take in the Gentiles in your stead.

42. And when the Jews were gone out of the Synagogue, the Gentiles besought that these words might be preached to them the next Sabbath.

42. Some dislike these words, but others especially Proselytes desired to hear them again. By the same words is meant the same doctrine: Note, They grossly mistake that say it is the Lord's day, as such that is here called the next Sabbath.

43. Now when the congregation was broken up, many of the Jews, and religious proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas; who speaking to them, persuaded them to continue in the grace of God.

42. Beginners newly convinced must be followed with persuasions to proceed and persevere.

44. And the next Sabbath-day came almost the whole city together to hear the word of God. 45. But when the Jews saw the multitudes, they were filled with envy, and spake against those things which were spoken by Paul, contradicting and blaspheming.

44, 45. Note 1. The Apostles did use to meet on the Jews Sabbath on their Synagogues, and to observe the outward rest of them while they were among the Jews, both to get an opportunity of Preaching to them, and to avoid their offense, till the dissolution of their state had in fact cast down their Law and Policy, which Christ had before abrogated.

2. The Crowds of Hearers and Multitude of Converts being hateful to Satan, doth usually stir up rage in his servants, and raise greater opposition.

46. Then Paul and Barnabas waxed bold, and said, It was necessary that the word of God should first have been spoken to you: but seeing ye put it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles. 47. For so hath the Lord commanded us, saying, I have set thee to be a light of the Gentiles, that thou shouldest be for Salvation unto the ends of the Earth.

46, 47. God did appoint us to offer Christ first to you Jews, and he or we rejected not you first: But seeing by your obstinate rejecting of Christ and his Gospel you make and show yourselves unworthy and uncapable of so great Mercy, we go to the Gentiles ; for so is our Commission.

48. And when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad, and glorified the word of the Lord: and as many as were ordained to eternal life, believed.

48. Note, It is a Controversy what is here meant by [ Ordained to Eternal life :] whether it be [ Ordained by God's decree ] or [ ordered by preparing Grace :] But there is no doctrinal Controversy arising from either Exposition, those being Proselytes or otherwise in the nearest disposition to believe, its probable at the least were the persons here meant: But that God also doth fore decree whom he will effectually Convert and save, should be past doubt with all sober Christians, the Perfection of God, and the words of Scripture making it plain: and not only Augustine and Protestants, but almost all the Papists Doctors and Schoolmen proving it. And Dr. Hammon confesseth that this preparing Grace is God's Gift; which therefore he before purposed to give. But when he opposeth [ [ The absolute decree of destinating them whatsoever they do to Salvation. ] It is very ill done so to insinuate that this is the opinion of those that dissent from him: who are so far from it that they hold that to destinate to Holiness and Salvation is one and the same decree of God: Of this see my Catholic Theoligie fully handling it: Alas for this sad Disease in Church Doctors.

49. And the word of the Lord was published throughout all the region. 50. But the Jews stirred up the devout and honorable women, and the chief men of the city, and raised persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them out of their coasts.

50. Note, Devout Women and Men in ignorance may be Adversaries to Christianity and Truth, and Instruments of Persecution: And the chief and honorable are oft the chief herein. 2. Powerful successful Preaching useth to stir up violent Persecuting, which oft driveth the Preachers to some other place where God hath some to call.

51. But they shook off the dust of their feet against them, and came unto Iconium.

51. Note, As Excommunication was dismal to them that were cut off, so shaking off the dust of their seat against them was a dismal signification of a forsaken People.

52. And the Disciples werefilled with joy, and with the holy Ghost.

52. Note, God's Grace and the Churches joy, may increase under Persecution, and Expulsion by men.

CHAP. XIV.

ANd it came to pass in Iconium, that they went both together into the Synagogue of the Jews, and so spake, that a great multitude both of the Jews, and also of the Greeks, believed. 2. But the unbelieving Jews stirred up the Gentiles, and made their minds evil-affected against the brethren.

1, 2. Still the great success of the Ministry is attended with the greatest Envy and opposition of bad Men.

3. Long time therefore abode they speaking boldly in the Lord, which gave testimony unto the word of his grace, and granted signs and wonders to be done by their hands.

3. Note, Long Preaching is needful to root that word which one or two Sermons oft leaveth loose. 2. Miracles were the convincing cause of the Credibility of the Apostles testimony.

4. But the multitude of the city was divided: and part held with the Jews, and part with the Apostles.

4. Note, The Gospel causeth divisions by saving some, or else all would perish together in Concord.

5. And when there was an assault made both of the Gentiles and also of the Jews, with their Rulers, to use them despitefully, and to stone them. 6. They were ware of it, and fled unto Lystra, and Derbe, Cities of Lycaonia, and unto the Region that lieth round about: 7. And there they preached the Gospel.

5. Note, Still Persecution disperseth the Gospel.

8. And there sat a certain man at Lystra, impotent in his feet, being a cripple from his Mothers womb, who never had walked. 9. The same heard Paul speak: who steadfastly beholding him, and perceiving that he had faith to be healed, 10. Said with a loud voice, Stand up right on thy feet. And he leaped and walked.

8. The Holy Ghost when he would do the Miracle made P •• l discern the Mans Faith, and exciteth him to bid him stand up.

11. And when the people saw what Paul had done, they lift up their voices, saying in the speech of Lycaonia, The God's are come down to us in the likeness of men. 12. And they called Barnabas, Jupiter; and Paul, Mercurius, because he was the chief speaker.

11. They knew that such a Miracle must be a supernatural work, and done by God; and they called them by the usual names of their God's.

13. Then the priest of Jupiter which was before their city, brought Oxen and garlands unto the Gates, and would have done sacrifice with the people.

13. The Priest of Jupiter, whose Temple or Statue was without the City, brought Oxen to sacrifice to them.

Note, Such Men are readier for Idolatries, than to receive God's word.

14. Which when the Apostles, Barnabas and Paul heard of, they rent thir clothes, and ran in among the people, crying out. 15. And saying, Sirs, why do ye these things? We also are men of like passions with you, and Preach unto you, that ye should turn from these vanities unto the living God, which made Heaven, and Earth, and the Sea, and all things that are therein:

14. Note, 1. The number of twelve Apostles was fitted to the Jews Twelve Tribes, to whom the Gospel was first to be Preached: But when Christ would gather the Gentile Church, he increased the number, and Paul was commissioned by a voice from Heaven, and he and Barnabas, by a special mission of Christ, by the Holy Ghost. 2. The significant ceremony of renting the Cloths, is used by these two Apostles. 3. All good Men hate Idolatry, and would not be Idoliz'd themselves. 4. The Devil would honor the • inisters of Christ overmuch, when it is to contradict their Doctrine.

16. Who in times past suffered all Nations to walk in their own ways. 17. Nevertheless he left not himself without witness, in that he did good, and gave us Rain from Heaven, and fruitful seasons, filling our hearts with food and gladness.

16. He hath long connived by patient permissions at the manifold Idolatries and Vices of the World, not punishing them as they deserved: Yet his common mercies to Men's bodies, did both signify, that he is the merciful Ruler and Benefactor to mankind, and that he useth not sinful Man as the deserveth, but in mercy, obligeth all to gratitude and repentance.

18. And with these sayings scarce restrained they the people, that they had not done sacrifice unto them.

18. Note, So forward are Men to forbidden worship, who are backward to spiritual and true.

19. And there came thither certain Jews from Antioch and Iconium, who persuaded the people, and having stoned Paul, drew him out of city, supposing he had been dead.

19. Note, This is the levity of the vulgar; that one day will sacrifice as to God's, to those, whom after they would kill as male factors: So little trust is to be placed in them. And though we know not whether most of the same Persons were the Persecutors, its like that many were.

20. Howbeit, as the Disciples stood round about him, he rose up, and came into the city: and the next day he departed with Barnabas to Derbe.

20. Note, Its like his recovery was a miracle; else stoning would have disabled him to travel.

21. And when they had Preached the Gospel to that city, and had taught many, they returned again to Lystra, and to Iconium, and Antioch.

21. Note, Persecution made them not forsake the Plantations which they had newly made.

22. Confirming the souls of the Disciples, and exhorting them to continue in the faith, and that we must through much tribulation enter into the Kingdom of God.

22. Confirming them against the Temptation of Persecution, which must be suffered by those that will be saved.

23. And when they had ordained them Eldets in every Church, and had prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord, on whom they believed.

23. They settled the Christians that were converted in these several Cities, in Church order, ordaining Elders in every Church, to be the Guides and Teachers of the rest; and that with Fasting and Prayer, because of the great importance of the work.

Note. 1. It is made a controversy, whether 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 signify [by suffrages ] or [by laying on hands ] But it is of small importance: For it is certain, that the Apostles forced no Elders on the People, but ordained them by the Peoples choice or consent: And it is certain, that ordination was the Apostles Act.

2. And its a Controversy what is here meant by Elders; whether Diocesan Bishops, or mere Presbyters, or Lay Elders, or Deacons also. The Scripture calls all Church-guides and Teachers Elders, and here maketh no distinction. Its certain, that each Church here was but one small Assembly: And therefore, if they will call the Pastor of one Assembly a Diocesan, its a nominal strife: If they say, it is because they had Power to govern a Diocese of a multitude of Churches when they were gathered. 1. They must prove that power given. 2. Then they were no Bishops of those Churches, till they were indeed Churches. 3. And its probable, that about those near Cities, that was not in their life time.

Though it be not certain, that by [ Elders in every City ] is meant more than one in each City, yet by the Phrase, it is most probable; specially, considering what evidence there is of many at Corinth, Antioch and Jerusalem.

24. And after they had passed throughout Pisidia, they came to Pamphylia. 25. And when they had Preached the word in Perga, they went down unto Attalia: 26. And thence sailed to Antioch, from whence they had been recommended to the Grace of God, for the work which they fulfilled.

24. They returned to Antioch in Syria (not Antioch in Pisidia ) to give the Church an account of their success.

27. And when they were come and had gathered the Church together, they rehearsed all that God had done with them, and how he had opened the door of faith unto the Gentiles. 28. And there they abode long time with the Disciples.

27. Note 1, It was a Congregation, and not a Diocese of a multitude of Congregations, that is called the Church, which they Congregated. 2. They brought them the glad Tidings, that the Gentiles had received the Faith: Though it was in the Jews Synagogues that they preached, at least for the most part.

CHAP. XV.

ANd certain men which came down from Judea, taught the brethren, and said, Except ye be circumcised after the manner of Moses, ye cannot be saved.

1. Some Christian Jews thought and taught, that Circumcision and keeping the Law of Moses is necessary to Salvation, both to Jew and Gentile Christians.

Note, 1. The sound Doctrine of Christianity was quickly corrupted be erring Teachers. 2. The threatening of damnation, and making error seem necessary to salvation, was used to affright timorous Christians into false ways.

2. When therefore Paul and Barnabas had no small dissension and disputation with them, they determined that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up to Jerusalem unto the Apostles and Elders about this question.

2. Note, To be Dissenters and Disputants against errors and tyrannical impositions upon conscience, is no fault but a great duty.

2. Its but a groundless fiction of some that tell us that this was an appeal to Jerusalem, because it was the Metropolis of Syria and Antioch : As if Metropolitan Church Power had been then settled: When long after, when it was devised indeed, Antioch was above Jerusalem : And its as vain a fiction that this was an appeal to a general Council; as if the Apostles and Elders at Jerusalem had been a general Council, when none of the Bishops of the Gentile Churches were there, or called thither. It is notorious that it was an appeal to the Apostles (taking in the Elders) as those that had the certainest notice of Christ's mind, having conversed with him, and being entrusted to teach all Nations whatever he commanded them, and had the greatest measure of the spirit; and also being Jews themselves, were such as the Judaizing Christians had no reason to suspect or reject.

3. And being brought on their way by the Church, they passed through Phenice, and Samaria, declaring the conversion of the Gentiles: and they caused great joy unto all the brethren.

3. Note, By the Church that brought them on, is neither meant a Diocese of Churches, nor the mere Clergy; but the chief Men of the Congregation of Antioch. 2. The Gentiles conversation was joyful news.

4. And when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the Church, and of the Apostles and Elders, and they declared all things that God had done with them. 5. But there rose up certain of the Sect of the Pharisees which believed, saying, That it was needful to circumcise them, and to command them to keep the law of Moses.

4. They first told them of their success on the Gentiles, and then of the Doctrine of these Christians Pharisees.

Note, The error, as to the Jews, had a fair religious pretence; for Moses Law was God's own Law, and delivered by Angels, and confirmed be miracles; and Christ had said that he came not to destroy it, &c. Therefore had not, Apostolic Testimony, and the Authority of the Holy Ghost by miracles, proved the abrogation, it would more hardly have been believed by good men, than the substitute Canons of Bishops that have no such pretence. But the Gentiles were never under Moses Law as such.

6. And the Apostles and Elders came together, for to consider of this matter.

6. Note, God's inspiration made not consultation needless to themselves, or to convince Gainsayers.

7. And when there had been much disputing, Peter rose up and said unto them, Men and brethren, ye know how that a good while ago, God made choice among us, that the Gentiles by my mouth should hear the word of the Gospel, and believe. 8. And God which knoweth the hearts, bare them witness, giving them the holy Ghost, even as he did unto us: 9. And put no difference between us and them, purifying their hearts by faith.

7. Those of the Pharisees way that came with Paul and Barnabas, were heard disputing for their cause, and then Peter said, &c.

10. Now therefore why tempt ye God, to put a yoke upon the neck of the Disciples, which neither our Fathers nor we were able to bear?

10. God never put this yoke on the Gentiles, and we Jews have found it a heavy burden.

11. But we believe that through the Grace of the▪ Lord Jesus Christ, we shall be saved even as they.

11. And it is not by the works of Moses Law, that we Jews are justified and saved, but in the same way that is common to the Gentiles with us, even by the Grace of Jesus Christ.

12. Then all the multitude kept silence, and gave audience to Barnabas and Paul, declaring what miracles and wonders God had wrought among the Gentiles by them.

12. The miracles and conversion of the Gentiles, was God's approving Testimony in the case.

13. And after they had held their peace, James answered, saying,

13. Note, They were not like the proud Magisterial Talkers, so full of themselves, that they have not patience to restrain their list of speaking till another hath done, but stop and silence him by rude uncivil interruption, on pretence that he is too long.

13, 14. Men and brethren, hearken unto me. 14. Simon hath declared how God at the first did visit the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name. 15. And to this agree the words of the Prophets; as it is written, 16. After this I will return, and will build again the tabernacle of David, which is fallen down: and I will build again the ruins thereof, and I will set it up: 17. That the residue of men might seek after the Lord, and all the Gentiles upon whom my name is called, saith the Lord, who doeth all these things.

13, 14. Note, Some think James meaneth the prophecy of Simeon, Luke 2.32. A Light to lighten the Gentiles : but its liker, (though not certain) that its Peter here that he meaneth.

18. Known unto God are all his works from the beginning of the world.

18. God that hath prophesied of this calling of the Gentiles, decreed and foreknew it. They are his works as well as we, and he is merciful to all.

19. Wherefore my sentence is, that we trouble not them which from among the Gentiles are returned to God: 20. But that we write unto them, that they abstain from pollutions of idols, and from fornication, and from things strangled, and from blood.

19. Note, It is not agreed by expositors what these words mean, whether it be only things indifferent that are here determined (as Beza and some other think, and that only to avoid offense for a time: Or whether it be the precepts of Noah imposed on the Proselytes of the Gate as such, (as Doctor Hammond thought) They that go the first way, think, that by [ Fornication ] here is meant Idolatry, that is, the countenancing of it by the use of things in themselves indifferent: But most think, that by [ Fornication ] is meant some controverted sorts of it, as marrying within some prohibited degrees, or using Concubines, or second Wives, which the Jews scrupled not. And others think that the ignorance of Jews and Gentiles of the evil of Fornication, and some Heretics pleading for it, made it, though not indifferent joined with the rest.

Those that go the second way, say, that to the Proselytes of the Gate, the seven precepts of Noah were necessary, and therefore, when they turned Christians, not to be cast off: And by [ Blood ] they think is meant [ Bloodshed or Murder :] so the two first precepts (saith Dr. Hammond ) are, for worshipping the true God: 2. And not Idols; both these are included in [ Abstaining from Meats offered to Idols. ] 3. Abstaining from Blood, is the fifth of those precepts against Murder. 4. From things strangled is the seventh. 5. From Fornication was the fourth. 6. And many ancient Greek copies add here [ Thou shalt not do to another what thou wouldst not have done to thee ] and that containeth that against theft and injustice, &c. Which ever of these be right it maketh no difference as to our obligation. By eating things strangled and blood, can be meant no more than such beastly devouring, either of the blood itself, or the blood in the strangled Creature, which signifieth a bloody mind, and may harden men in cruelty, and easilier dispose them to shed Mans blood. And if there be anymore that is ceremonious in it, it was temporary to avoid the Jews offense: But if any think anymore to be unlawful, its lawful to forbear it.

21. For Moses of old time hath in every city them that Preach him, being read in the Synagogues every Sabbath-day.

21. As for the Jews, the Law of Moses belongs to them, and we leave them to it, till God shall dissolve their State and Policy (it is preached by the reading of it in the Synagogues every Sabbath day.)

22. Then pleased it the Apostles and Elders, with the whole Church, to send chosen men of their own company of Antioch, with Paul and Barnabas; namely, Judas surnamed Barsabas, and Silas, chief men among the brethren.

22. Though the Apostles were the infallible Deciders, the Elders and the whole Church were unanimous Consenters, and to show the necessity of concord, and that even infallible and miraculous Teachers, yet guide only Volunteers; They sent some of their own Company (of the College that guided the Church at Jerusalem ; or as Doctor Hammond thinketh Bishops of some single Congregations in Judea ) that contending parties might not be the only reporters of their sentence.

23. And wrote Letters by them after this manner, The Apostles, and Elders, and brethren send greeting unto the brethren which are of the Gentiles in Antioch, and Syria, and and Silicia. 24. Forasmuch as we have heard that certain which went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls, saying, ye must be circumcised, and keep the law; to whom we gave no such commandment:

23, 24. Note, 1. If False Teachers pretended Apostolic Authority or mission when they were near them, no wonder if they do it now when they are not so ehsily confutted. 2. Tyrannical impositions on Conscience, do but trouble the Church and subvert Souls, by pious pretences.

25. It seemed good unto us, being assembled with one accord, to send chosen men unto you, with our beloved Barnabas and Paul; 26. Men that have hazarded their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ. 27. We have sent therefore Judas and Silas, who shall also tell you the same things by mouth.

25. Thus far their Letters are Credential, to tell them that they may believe the Messengers.

28. For it seemed good to the holy Ghost, and to us, to lay upon you no greater burden then these necessary things;

28. Note, 1. It is profaneness for any Bishops or Councils to use these words, who neither have assurance, nor can give any proof that the Holy Ghost guideth them. 2. The Holy Ghost is against imposing unnecessary things as necessary. These things here imposed were necessary, at least all to those Persons, and at the time, and most (if not all) continually.

29. That ye abstain from meats offered to idols, and from blood, and from things strangled, and from fornication, from which if ye keep yourselves, ye shall do well. Fare ye well.

29. It is not Moses 's Law that ye are bound to keep, but these commoner precepts. Do nothing that scandalously favoreth Idolatry, or savoreth of cruelty and bloodiness, not eating strangled Creatures in the gore blood, avoid defilement, by any sort of forbidden fleshly lust and filthiness.

30. So when they were dismissed, they came to Antioch: and when they had gathered the multitude together, they delivered the Epistle

30. Note, The Multitude was one Assembly, not a Diocese, nor only the Clergy.

31. Which when they had read, they rejoiced for the consolation.

31. Note, Liberty from toilsome Ceremonies (though God first instituted them) was matter of joy to the Churches: But alas few Churches are allowed that joy, by their Lordly Pastors.

32. And Judas and Silas being Prophets also themselves, exhorted the brethren with many words, and confirmed them.

32. Note, By [Prophets] is meant such as were inspir • ed by the Holy Ghost, either by Revelation of any new thing, or by ability to explain and apply known truth.

33. And after they had tarried there a space, they were let go in peace from the brethren unto the Apostles. 34. Notwithstanding it pleased Silas to abide there still. 35. Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and Preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.

33. Note, The Church of Antioch had many excellent Teachers, and it is not intimated, that any one was Bishop over the rest, or that Paul, Barnabas, Silas, Simeon, Lucius, Manaen, &c. were subjects to any one.

36. And some days after, Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren, in every city where we have Preached the word of the Lord, and see how they do.

36. Note, Converted Souls and Planted Churches, must be further visited, observed and watered.

37. And Barnabas determined to take with them John whose surname was Mark. 38. But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work. 39. And the contention was so sharp bttween them, that they departed asunder one from the other: and so Barnabas took Mark, and sailed unto Cyprus; 40. And Paul chose Silas, and departed, being recommended by the brethren unto the Grace of God. 41. And he went through Syria, and Silicia, confirming the Churches.

37. Note, Apostles were not infallible in all things, even about the fitness of their Helpers. 2. Small differences even to sharpen contention, may stand with Christian Love and Unity. 3. There was then no Judge of such controversies, either Bishop or Synod to avoid and end them. 4. But God turned this to good, for the better spreading of the Gospel.

CHAP. XVI.

THen came he to Derbe and Lystra: and behold, a certain Disciple was there, named Timothy, the son of a certain woman, which was a Jewess, and believed; but his Father was a Greek. 2. Which was well reported of by the brethren that were at Lystra and Iconium. 3. Him would Paul have to go forth with him; and took and circumcised him, because of the Jews which were in those quarters: for they knew all that his Father was a Greek.

1. Timothy 's Mother being a Jew, he might be circumcised, though his Father was a Greek : And because uncircumcised, he might not be admitted to converse with the Jews, he circumcised him, the Jews being yet permitted to use the Law of Moses : which he would not have done, had both Parents been Gentiles.

4. And as they went through the Cities, they delievered them the decrees for to keep, that were ordained of the Apostles and Elders which were at Jerusalem. 5. And so were the Churches established in the faith, and increased in number daily.

4, 5. They delivering them the Apostles Decrees; freed the Church from the doubts which the Judaizers had raised, and so they were quieted and settled in Judgment, Faith and Concord, and daily increased.

6. Now when they had gone through Phrygia, and the region of Galatia, and were forbidden of the holy Ghost to preach the word in Asia,

6. Forbidden by some Revelation or Inspiration.

7. After they were come to Mysia, they assayed to go into Bithynia: but the Spirit suffered them not. 8. And they passing by Mysia, came down to Troas.

7. The invitation or inspiration of God's Spirit diverted them.

9. And a vision appeared to Paul in the night: There stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him, saying, Come over into Macedonia, and help us.

9. Note, God's differencing grace plainly appeareth in sending his Gospel to some Countries, rather than to other.

10. And after he had seen the vision, immediately we endeavored to go into Macedonia, assuredly gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the Gospel unto them.

10. Note, It is the duty of Ministers to follow God's call; though all have not visions, all have some notifications of God's will, by Men's necessity, opportunity, invitation, &c.

11. Therefore loosing from Troas, we came with a straight course to Samothracia, and the next day to Neapolis; 12. And from thence to Philippi, which is the chief city of that part of Macedonia, and a colony: and we were in that city abiding certain days.

11. Note, The Apostles did choose Populous Cities to Preach in, because there was most matter to work on: Its best fishing in the Sea. Besides that, the Jews Synagogues were mostly in such places.

13. And on the Sabbath we went out of the city by a River-side, where prayer was wont to be made; and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted thither.

13. Note, Whether here was an Oratory or Chapel, or only the open Field, is uncertain: And whether the Assemblies were Proselytes of the Jews, or Jews with such, or the better sort of Gentiles, is not certain: But the first is likely, because they kept the Sabbath.

14. And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, which worshipped God, heard us: whose heart the Lord opened, that she attended unto the things which were spoken of Paul.

14. 1. Note, Its like she was a Proselyte. 2. They that worship God are best prepared for further Grace: 3. God's opening the heart maketh the word effectual. 4. Diligent regardful attention to the word, is the beginning of Conversion, or a great preparation.

15. And when she was baptized, and her household, she besought us, saying, If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house and abide there. And she constrained us.

15. Note 1. It was the ordinary way of Apostles to Baptize Housholds: Not that they could be sure they were all true Believers, or that the Rulers could make them such. But it was the Rulers duty to devote all in their Power to God; and therefore to do their best to persuade them to a true consent; and to rid their house of all unnecessary Persons that refused: And God used to bless their endeavors, and their interest and power might do much.

2. Converted Persons have so much love to Christ's Ministers who converted them, that they greatly desire their Company and further help.

16. And it came to pass, as we went to prayer, a certain Damsel, possessed with a Spirit of divination, met us, which brought her Masters much gain by sooth saying:

16. One possessed with a deluding foretelling Devil, who thereby brought him gain for Divination.

17. The same followed Paul, and us, and cried, saying, These men are the servants of the most high God, which show unto us the way of salvation.

17. Note, God constrained the Devil to confess Christ against his will.

18. And this did she many days. But Paul being grieved, turned and said to the Spirit, I command thee in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her. And he came out the same hour.

18. Note, 1. Satan must be dispossessed of Body, Soul or Nation, whenever Christ commandeth it,

19. And when her Masters saw that the hope of their gains was gone, they caught Paul and Silas, and drew them into the marketplace, unto the Rulers.

19. Note, Its like her Masters being more then one, were some Heathen Priests, however we see, the love of Money is the root of Persecution and all evil.

20. And brought them to the magistrates, saying, These men being Jews, do exceedingly trouble our city, 21. And teach customs which are not lawful for us to receive, neither to observe, being Romans.

20, 21. They brought them to the Roman Officers, under whose Government they were, and accused them as being Jews, of a contrary Religion, and by their unlawful Doctrines, causing Sedition and disturbing the public peace. Note, Covetous malignants use the accusation of Sedition to hide their malice.

22. And the multitude rose up together against them: and the magistrates rent off their clothes, and commanded to beat them. 23. And when they had laid many stripes upon them, they cast them into prison, charging the jayler to keep them safely. 24. Who having received such a charge, thrust them into the inner prison, and made their feet fast in the stocks.

22, &c. Note, Rulers and Rabble, nnd most were for the DevIl against Christ and their own Salvation: And the innocent Servants of Christ are imprisoned and used as Rogues, merely for seeking Men's welfare.

25. And at midnight Paul and Silas prayed, and sang praises unto God: and the prisoners heard them.

25. Note, Persecution doth not disoblige us from joyful praise to God, nor destroy believers comforts.

26. And suddenly there was a great Earthquake, so that the foundations of the Prison were shaken: and immediately all the doors were opened, and every ones band were loosed.

26. Note, Luke that wrote this was one of their Company in the City, when this was done: God's Power is invincible.

27. And the keeper of the Prison awaking out of his sleep, and seeing the Prison-doors open, he drew out his sword, and would have killed himself, supposing that the Prisoners had been fled. 28. But Paul cried with a loud voice, saying, Do thyself no harm; for we are all here.

27. He would have killed himself to prevent punishment, in the rage of his passion.

29. Then he called for a light, and sprang in, and came trembling, and fell down before Paul and Silas; 30. And brought them out, and said, Sirs, what must I do to be saved?

29. Note, When God's dreadful Judgments and his Grace join together, no heart can resist them.

31. And they said, Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved, and thy house.

31. Note, 1. He was resolved to do whatever they required, knowing by this miracle, that they were sent by God. 2. Believing in Christ, includeth all the essentials of Christianity. 3. His house would not be saved for his Faith, without any of their own. But it is supposed, that God would bless his endeavors to convert them.

32. And they spake unto him the word of the Lord, and to all that were in his house.

32. They instructed him and his Household, that they might indeed believe and be saved.

33. And he took them the same hour of the night; and washed their stripes; and was baptized, he and all his straightway.

33. He presently shown his Repentance and Faith: For he that had scourged them, washed their sores to heal them; and he and all his Household were presently Baptized, as having professed their resolved Faith in Christ.

Note, The Apostles delayed not Baptism, when serious profession gave them right: but in doubtful cases of ignorant or unresolved Men, it ought to be longer delayed.

34. And when he had brought them into his house, he set meat before them, and rejoiced, believing in God with all his house.

34. Note, 1. True Conversion changeth Men's thoughts of God's Servants, and causeth men to love and honor them. 2. Conversion puts Men into a joyful state.

35. And when it was day, the magistrates sent the Sergeants, saying Let those men go. 36. And the keeper of the Prison told this saying to Paul, The magistrates have sent to let you go: now therefore depart, and go in peace. 37. But Paul said unto them, They have beaten us openly uncondemned, being Romans, and have cast us into Prison; and now do they thrust us out privily? nay verily; but let them come themselves and fetch us out.

37. Note, It is lawful to plead our right by Law against unjust Magistrates, Paul was a Roman by enfrauchisment (though a Jew )

38. And the sergeants told these words unto the magistrates: and they feared when they heard that they were Romans.

38. Note, The Roman Laws forbad all such base usage of any that was of Roman freedom.

39. And they came and besought them, and brought them out, and desired them to depart out of the city. 40. And they went out of the Prison, and entered into the house of Lydia: and when they had seen the brethren, they comfo • ed them, and departed.

39. They spake them fair, for fear, and entreated them to depart, 40. They visited, comforted and confirmed their converts.

CHAP. XVII.

NOw when they had passed through Amphipolis, and Apollonia, they came to Thessalonica, where was a Synagogue of the Jews. 2. And Paul, as his manner was went in unto them, and three Sabbath-days reasoned with them out of the Scriptures, 3. Opening and alleging, that Christ must needs have suffered, and risen again from the dead: and that this Jesus whom I Preach unto unto you, is Christ.

2, 3. Note, Paul began his Prea • hing usually in the Jews Synagogue, because they were most prepared by expectation of the Messiah, and understood his language: for it is not certain, that the miraculous gift of unlearnt tongues, was it which he used in his ordinary Preaching, and not only on extraordinary inspirations.

4. And some of them believed, and consorted with Paul and Silas: and of the devout Greeks a great multitude, and of the chief women not a few.

4. And being convinced by proof out of the Old Testament, that Christ must suffer and rise again, many believed; some Jews, but more of the Proselytes and chief Women.

5. But the Jews which believed not, moved with envy, took unto them certain lewd fellows of the baser sort, and gathered a company, and set all the city on an uproar, and assaulted the house of Jason, and sought to bring them out to the people.

5. Note, The rabble are fit instruments for persecution; for they have sufficient ignorance and malignity, and will rage against reason: But its Legalists that incite them.

6. And when they found them not, they drew Jason, and certain brethren, unto the Rulers of the city, crying, These that have turned the world up side down are come hither also? 7. Whom Jason hath received: and these all do contrary to the decrees of Caesar, saying, That there is another King, one Jesus.

6, 7. Note, 1. Were it not for the false pretence of Sedition against Rulers, to engage their safety, and honor in jealousy against Christ and Religion, the Devil would be posed in his Accusation of the Faithful. 2. The name of King Jesus falsely Expounded, is it that is used to engage Princes against Christ.

8. And they troubled the people, and the Rulers of the city, when they heard these things. 9. And when they had taken security of Jason, and of the other, they let them go.

8. Note, So Solicitous are men of their own safety, from the Rulers power, that all puts them into trouble, which seemeth to bring them into any danger. Fears raise Commotions.

10. And the brethren immediately sent away Paul and Silas by night unto Berea? who coming thither, went into the Synagogue of the Jews.

10. Note, 1. It is good to reserve Persecuted Ministers for further work, when Satan would destroy them. 2. Again the Apostles make the Jews Synagogue their Preaching place.

11. These were more noble then those in Thessalonica, in that they received the word with all readiness of mind, and searched the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.

11. These were more ingenious rational sober Jews, and did not meet the Gospel with rage, but thought it worthy their serious enquiry, whether the Scriptures did foretell of the Death and Resurrection of Christ, and whether Paul's proofs of Christianity were valid.

12. Therefore many of them believed: also of honorable women which were Greeks, and of men not a few.

12. This preparation of a sober enquiry after truth, is a reason rendered, why many of them believed. As did many Men and Women of note.

13. But when the Jews of Thessalonica had knowledge that the word of God was Preached of Paul at Berea, they came thither also, and stired up the people.

13. Note, Satan sends about his Messenger as Christ did his: To stir up the People.

14. And then immediately the brethren sent away Paul, to go as it were to the sea: but Silas and Timothy abode there still.

14. Note, Not because Paul was more fearful than the rest, but that he was more useful and more maliced.

15. And they that conducted Paul, brought him unto Athens: and receiving a Commandment unto Silas and Timothy, for to come to him with all speed, they departed.

15. Paul passing by many Countries between, was conducted to Athens, the great Seat or University of Philosophy, to Greece and all the Learned World.

16. Now while Paul waited for them at Athens; his Spirit was stirred in him, when he saw the city wholly given to idolatry.

16. He was much moved, to see such abundance of Statues, Images and Altars in the City.

17. Therefore disputed he in the Synagogue with the Jews, and with the devout persons, and in the Market daily with them that met with him.

17. Therefore he did not only dispute for Christianity in the Synagogue with the Jews, and devout Worshippers (who when converted, were usually the first Members of the Churches) but also with the Heathens where he met them, against their Idolatry.

18. Then certain Philosophers of the Epicureans, and of the Stoics, encountered him: and some said, What will this babbler say? other some, He seemeth to be a setter forth of strange God's? because he Preached unto them Jesus, and the Resurrection.

18. The Epicureans a loose sensual Sect, and the Stoics a stricter Sect encountered him; and some of them despising him as an unlearned Babbler: Others thought that he Preacht some God (by the Name of Jesus and the Resurrection) not known to them before, Note, The Athenians were not only for liberty for everyone to worship what God he would, but thought it the height of Religion to take in and worship the God's of all Nations: And to please them all, and build them Altars.

19. And they took him, and brought him unto Areopagus, saying, May we know what this new doctrine, whereof thou speakest, is? 20. For thou bringest certain strange things to our ears: we would know therefore what these things mean.

19. They brought him to the Court of Judicature, who were to be Judges, before any new God was to be received, that they might hear what God it was that he Preached.

21. (For all the Athenians, and strangers which were there, spent their time in nothing else, but either to tell or to hear some new thing.)

21. The very learning and daily business of the Athenian Philosophers, Students and Sojourners, was but to know News, and tell it, whether Speculative or Historical: (And what else is all learning, that serveth not to Holiness and Heaven.

22. Then Paul stood in the midst of Marshill, and said, Ye men of Athens, I perceive that in all things ye are too superstitious.

22. Ye are on pretence of being very Religious, addicted to worship multitudes of God's.

23. For as I passed by, and beheld your devotions, I found an altar with this inscription, TO THE UNKOWN GOD. Whom therefore ye • ignorantly worship, him declare I unto you.

23. Whatever was the occasion of that Inscription, you confess you worship an unknown God, I would therefore make known to you that only God, whom you must worship.

24. God that made the world, and all things therein, seeing that he is Lord of Heaven and Earth, dwelleth not in Temples made with hands: 25. Neither is worshipped with men's hands, as though he needed anything seeing he giveth to all life, and breath, and all things;

24, 25. Bring not down that God that made and owneth all the World, imaginarily to your Temples and Images, or think that he needeth, or you can give him anything, who giveth us all things.

26. And hath made of one blood all nations of men, for to dwell on all the face of the Earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation:

26. And hath made all Men of one human nature (propagated from one root) and ordered them into their several Countries, and bounded habitations determined by him.

27. That they should seek the Lord, if haply they might feell after him, and find him,

27. Making it their duty to seek to know him as their Maker by his works, and as their Benefactor by his Mercies, which palpably declare him, that they might serve love and worship him, as their God.

27.28. Though he be not far from everyone of us: For in him we live, and move, and have our being; as certain also of your own poets have said, For we are also his offspring.

27, 28. He is as near us as our Souls are to our Bodys; Being indeed more than a Soul to all the World: For it is In him that we live and move and have our Being; As your Poet Aratus faith, For we are his offspring: for of him, and through him, and to him are all things, and no Parent so much causeth us as God doth, nor doth the Soul so much to our life, motion and being as God doth.

29. Forasmuch then as we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Godhead is like unto gold, or silver, or stone graven by art and man's device.

29. Our Souls being the best Image of God our Maker, we must not so much debase him as to make Images of him of Gold, Silver or Stone, as if he was like such shapes.

30. And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men everywhere to repent:

30. And as man seemeth by forbearance a while to connive at faults, so God hath not in the time of this ignorance, either punished the World as such deserveth, nor sent them from Heaven that notice of his displeasure, and that call to Repent and amend as now he doth, but left them mostly to the Light of Nature and the discoveries of his Works and Providence: But now in hatred of Sin and Mercy to Sinners, he hath sent a special Messenger to the World, to call all to Repentance, and offer them pardon thereupon.

31. Because he hath appointed a day in the which he will judge the world in righteousness, by that man whom he hath ordained; whereof he hath given assurance unto all men, in that he hath raised him from the dead.

31. For he hath certainly determined to judge the World with Righteousness, by that Man whom he hath ordained to be the Savior of the Faithful and the Judge of all which (though it seem incredible to most, that a man should be so advanced to be King and Judge of all the World, yet) God hath given certain proof of, by evidence sufficient to evince it to true reason, in that he hath raised him from death to life, (and taken him up to Heaven.)

32. And when they heard of the Resurrection of the dead, some mocked: and others said, We will hear thee again of this matter. 33. So Paul departed from among them.

12, 13. Note, The Resurrection seemed so incredible that some ( Epicureans its like) scoffed at it.

Note, Paul did wisely in Preaching the true God to them first, and reproving their Idolatry, and only concluding with the notice of Christ. And yet no sort of men more contemned his Doctrine than the Learned Athenians. Self-conceit and the prepossession of their vain though extolled Learning most powerfully kept out the Truth: And it did not please God there to work Miracles to convince them.

34. Howbeit, certain men clave unto him, and believed: among the which was Dionysius the Areopagite, and a woman named Damaris, and others with them.

34. This famous University yielded few Converts: But those few were precious to God.

CHAP. XVIII.

AFter these things, Paul departed from Athens, and came to Corinth; 2. And found a certain Jew named Aquila, born in Pontus, lately come from Italy, with his wife Priscilla, (because that Claudius had commanded all Jews to depart from Rome) and came unto them.

2. That Claudius banished all Jews from Rome is certain: but the cause is uncertain. Suetonius saith, It was their Tumults by the impulse or imitation of Christ (or some read it of one Crestus. ) It is not unlike that the Jews rage at Rome against the Gospel made them Tumultuous against Christians: and thereupon both sorts were banished under the name of Jews : And so there could then be no Church left and tolerated at Rome, but Gentiles only. For it is doubtless that the Christian Jews were banished.

3. And because he was of the same craft, he abode with them, and wrought (for by their occupation they were Tent-makers.)

3. Note, Men separated to the Ministry of the Gospel, may labor for their Living, if needful.

4. And he reasoned in the Synagogue every Sabbath, and persuaded the Jews, and the Greeks.

4. Note, Still the Jews Synagogue was his Preaching place to gather the beginnings of a Church.

5. And when Silas and Timothy were come from Macedonia, Paul was pressed in Spirit, and testified to the Jews, that Jesus was Christ.

5. He was extraordinarily moved in Spirit more openly and earnestly to testify to the Jews that Jesus is the Christ, to leave them without excuse.

6. And when they opposed themselves, and blasphemed, he shook his raiment, and said unto them, Your blood be upon your own heads; I am clean: from hence forth I will go unto the Gentiles.

6. And when they gainsaid and railed and blasphemed Christ, he renounced and deserted them by the Ceremony of shaking off the dust as a witness, that their destruction was of themselves and not by his neglect to convince them. And thencefore he resolved to leave their Synagogue and teach the Gentiles.

7. And he departed thence, and entered into a certain man's house, named Justus, one that worshipped God, whose house joined hard to the Synagogue.

7. Note, Its like this Justus was a Proselyte: If not he was one that had learnt at least to worship the true God.

8. And Crispus the chief Ruler of the Synagogue, believed on the Lord with all his house: and many of the Corinthians, hearing believed, and were Baptized.

8. Note, 1. Still we see households are Converted and Baptized together; the Rulers power and God's blessing prevailing with them. 3. Though the Synagogue drove away Paul, the Ruler followed him.

9. Then spake the Lord to Paul in the night by a vision, Be not afraid, but speak, and hold not thy peace: 10. For I am with thee, and no man shall set on thee, to hurt thee: for I have much people in this city.

9. Note, It is an ungrounded Exposition of them that say that these were God's People as pious men before (though some Proselytes might be such,) or that God only foreknew their Conversion, and did not decree to cause it. God had many there whom he decreed to Convert; and therefore will have Paul to Preach to them, and will secure him from Persecutions.

11. And he continued there a year and six months, teaching the word of God among them.

11. Note, 1. Great works must have answerable time and labor. 2. There is mention of Paul, Silas, Timothy, Aquila, Luke▪ and many other such at Corinth : but of no one that was sole Bishop over the rest.

12. And when Gallio was the deputy of Achaia, the Jews made insurrection with one accord against Paul, and brought him to the judgment-seat,

12. They carried him by force before the Roman Proconsul to be judged.

13. Saying, This fellow persuadeth men to worship God contrary to the law.

13. Note, Who would think but these men were very godly men themselves who were so zealous against worshipping of God contrary to the Law. And yet they were mere blind ungodly malignant Pesecutors.

14. And when Paul was now about to open his mouth, Gallio, said unto the Jews, If it were a matter of wrong, or wicked lewdness, O ye Jews, reason would that I should bear with you: 15. But if it be a question of words and names, and of your law, look ye to it; for I will be no judge of such matters.

14. The Roman Law enabled not Gallio to decide the Jewish Controversies, but to punish men that wronged one another, or committed any Wicked lewdness.

Note, If Christian Magistrates were all as wise as these Heathens and would not lend fiery Legallists their Swords, nor become the Executioners of the fury of blind proud zealots, the business would be soon over, and be but a scuffle among themselves.

16. And he drave them from the Judgment-seat. 17. Then all the Greeks took Sosthenes, the chief Ruler of the Synagogue, and beat him before the judgment-seat: and Gallio cared for none of those things.

16, 17. Note, Its like these Greeks were Christian Converts: They did ill in exercising revenge.

18. And Paul after this tarried there yet a good while, and then took his leave of the brethren, and sailed thence into Syria, and with him Priscilla and Aquila: having shorn his head in Cenchrea, for he had a vow.

18. Note, It is uncertain whether it was Paul or Aquila, that is said to cut his hair: but it seemeth liker to be Aquila. The Vow of Nazarites was not to cut their Hair, sometime during life, and sometime for a certain time: when it was ended they cut their Hair.

19. And he came to Ephesus, and left them there: but he himself entered into the Synagogue, and reasoned with the Jews.

19. Note, His renouncing the Jews at Corinth, was not a forsaking them elsewhere.

20. When they desired him to tarry longer time with them, he consented not: 21. But bade them farewell, saying, I must by all means keep this feast that cometh, in Jerusalem: but I will return again unto you, if God will. And he sailed from Ephesus 22. And when he had landed at Cesarea, and gone up and saluted the Church, he went down to Antioch.

22. He went up from Cesarea to Jerusalem and after returned to Antioch.

23. And after he had spent some time there, he departed, and went over all the Country, of Galatia and Phrygia in order, strengthening all the Disciples.

23. To instruct and encourage those before Converted, as well as to gather more.

24. And a certain Jew named Apollos, born at Alexandria, an eloquent man, and mighty in the Scriptures, came to Ephesus. 25. This man was instructed in the way of the Lord; and being fervent in the Spirit, he spake and taught diligently the things of the Lord, knowing only the Baptism of John.

24, 25. He was well acquainted with the Scriptures, and believed so much of Christ as John had Preached, and was Baptized with his Baptism, but wanted yet much of the further knowledge of Christ, and of the Christian Baptism.

26. And he began to speak boldly in the Synagogue. Whom when Aquila and Priscilla had heard, they took him unto them, and expounded unto him the way of God more perfectly.

26. Note, An Eloquent Teacher mighty in the Scriptures, yet disdaineth not to be better instructed by a Tent-maker and his Wife.

27. And when he was disposed to pass into Achaia, the brethren wrote, exhorting the Disciples to receive him: who, when he was come, helped them much which had believed through Grace.

27. They wrote to them to entertain and encourage him; who when he was come proved a great helper to them that already by the Grace of God were made Believers.

28. For he mightily convinced the Jews, and that publicly, showing by the Scriptures, that Jesus was Christ.

28. For by the advantage of great acquaintance with the Scriptures, and his Eloquence, he was too hard for the contradicting Jews, and clearly proved to them from the Sciptures which they own, that Jesus is the true Messiah or Christ.

CHAP. XIX.

ANd it came to pass, that while Apollos was at Corinth, Paul having passed through the upper coasts, came to Ephesus: and finding certain Disciples. 2. He said unthem, Have ye received the holy Ghost since ye believed? And they said unto him, We have not so much as heard whether there be any holy Ghost. 3. And he said unto them, Unto what then were ye Baptized? And they said, Unto Johns Baptism.

1. He found some that owned the Christian Profession. 2. Note, Johns Preaching was, that the Messiah is now come, and those that Repented and Believed this he Baptized, though they knew not that Jesus was he: But to many he also pointed to Jesus and said, This is he. And these Disciples its like were such: and had learned no more.

4. Then said Paul, John verily Baptized with the Baptism of repentance, saying unto the People, That they should believe on him which should come after him, that is, on Christ Jesus. 5. When they heard this, they were Baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.

4. Paul said John Baptized those who professed Repentance and Faith in the Messiah as just now at hand who indeed was Jesus Christ. When these Disciples heard that, they were expressly Baptized (again) into the name of the Lord Jesus.

6. And when Paul had laid his hands upon them, the holy Ghost came on them and they spake with tongues, and prophesied. 7. And all the men were about twelve.

6, 7. And▪ the miraculous signal gift came on these men, when Paul had laid his hands on them.

Note, The opinion of Matnixius and Beza that verse. 5. was the speech of Paul concerning Johns Converts, that they were Baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. 1. Is forced and therefore to be suspected: 2. It is contrary to the Context: For [They in verse. 3. and and They in verse. 5. and Them in verse. 6. all plainly speak of the same persons. 3. It is contrary to the History of Johns Baptism, who Baptized multitudes of the common People, Soldiers, Publicans and Pharisees upon a mere profession of Repentance and belief of the Messiah at hand, and is never said to have Baptized any into the Name of the Lord Jesus. 4. Their reason for it is contrary to the Doctrine of Christianity, as if Johns Baptism were so much the same with Christ's that it is not to be perfected by the later. If any one then or now were Baptized only by Johns Baptism, he ought to be Baptized again. It is essential to Christian Baptism, to be Baptized into the Name of the Father and of the Son (as buried and risen with him) and of the Holy Ghost. But Johns Baptism had not all this; Therefore it is not the (now) Christian Baptism.

8. And he went into the Synagogue, and spake boldly for the space of three months, disputing and persuading the things concerning the Kingdom of God.

8. Note, The Gospel is the Doctrine of God's Reign by the Messiah.

9. But when divers were hardened, and believed not, but spake evil of that way before the multitude, he departed from them, and separated the Disciples, disputing daily in the School of one Tyrannus.

9. The Ears of Christians being unfit to bear their reproaching and blaspheming of Christ, he separated the Disciples from the public Synagogue of the Jews to a private School.

10. And this continued by the space of two years; so that all they which dwelt in Asia, heard the word of the Lord Jesus, both Jews and Greeks.

10. By two years Teaching and Disputing the Gospel was spread through all Asia proconsular.

11. And God wrought special miracles by the hands of Paul: 12. So that from his body were brought unto the sick, handkerchiefs or aprons, and the diseases departed from them, and the evil Spirits went out of them.

11, 12. So Many and great were the Miracles and Cures done by Paul's means, that his corporal presence could not serve all, but by Cloaths sent from his Body they at a distance were cured.

13. Then certain of the vagabond Jews, exorcists, took upon them to call over them which had evil Spirits, the name of the Lord Jesus, saying, We adjure you by Jesus whom Paul Preacheth. 14. And there were seven sons of one Sceva a Jew, and chief of the Priests, which did so.

13. Seven Sons of one of the Jews Chief Priests, being Vagabonds Exorcists that pretended to Conjure out Devils, seeing Paul's Miracles had (like Simon Magus ) a desire to do the like, and thought that saying the same words would serve without the same Faith and Grace (as Hypocrites do in the matters of Salvation.

15. And the evil Spirit answered and said, Jesus I know, and Paul I know; but who are ye? 16. And the man in whom the evil Spirit was, leapt on them, and overcame them, and prevailed against them, so that they fled out of that house naked and wounded.

15. Words without Faith would not work to cast out Devils, and Christ would not give power to his Name used as a Charm: but Satan strengthened the Man to wound and shame them.

17. And this was known to all the Jews and Greeks also dwelling at Ephesus; and fear fell on them all, and the name of the Lord Jesus was magnified.

17. This being commonly known, the name of Christ was more reverenced and honored.

18. And many that believed came and confessed, and shown their deeds.

18. Many Converts openly confessed their former evil deeds

19. Many also of them which used curious arts, brought their books together, and burned them before all men: and they counted the price of them, and found it fifty thousand pieces of silver. 20. So mightily grew the word of God, and prevailed.

19. To show the truth of their Repentance by the Renunciation of their former delusions, and that no men else might be hurt by their ill Books or make an ill use of them, they would not sell but burn their Books of Magic and Charms and Idolatrous Rites and Divinations: though the price amounted to a very great sum (not pretending as Judas that this Money might have been given to the poor.) This shown the power of God's Word and Grace, which so prevailed against Delusions and the love of Money.

21. After these things were ended, Paul purposed in the Spirit, when he had passed through Macedonia and Achaia, to go to Jerusalem, saying, After I have been there, I must also see. Rome. 22. So he sent into Macedonia two of them that ministered unto him, Timothy and Erastus; but he himself stayed in Asia for a season.

21. Intending to go to Jerusalem he sent two that were as Servants to him in attending and helping him in his Ministry.

23. And the same time there arose no small stir about that way. 24. For a certain man named Demetrius, a silver-smith, which made silver shrines for Diana, brought no small gain unto the craftsmen. 25. Whom he called together with the Workmen of like occupation, and said,

23, 24. One whose Trade was to make either Medals that had the Image of the Temple of Diana, to sell▪ or else little Boxes in which the Image of Diana in her Temple was carried about in Procession by them.

Note, It is worldly interest and commodity, and love of Money that causeth Enmity and Persecution against the Servants of Christ, who must Preach the Gospel contrary to this interest.

25. Sirs, ye know that by this craft we have our wealth. 26. Moreover, ye see and hear, that not alone at Ephesus, but almost throughout all Asia, this Paul hath persuaded and turned away much People, saying, that they be no God's which are made with hands: 27. So that not only this our craft is in danger to be set at naught; but that also the Temple of the great goddess Diana should be despised, and her magnificence should be destroyed, whom all Asia, and the world worshippeth 28. And when they heard these sayings, they were full of wrath, and cried out, saying, Great is Diana of the Ephesians.

25, 26, 27. Note, Arguments from Wealth and Interest are unanswerable with blinded Worldlings; and raise the rage of the Rabble against Reformation. Here we may see what resisteth Reformation in the Church of Rome ? Can it be hoped that any Truth or Reason should persuade the Pope and Cardinals, and all their worldly Prelates to give up their Wealth, Grandeur, Power and Dominion, and all their Lay Chancellors to surrender with repentance their gainful Usurpation of the Power of the Keys? And all their Courts (called) Ecclesiastic, Officials, Commissary • , Surrogates, Archdeacons, and all the multitude of their sub-Officers, to become poor by giving over their Trade of Money-catching? and all their Inquisitors to vomit up there blood and gain? And all the Crowds of Jesuits and Friars to lose their Revenues and Life of Ease, and their worldly Clergy who live in lazy Ignorance, and fleshly ease and pleasure, and railing at truth and serious Godliness, to become poor and base by renouncing their Usurpation, and their maintenances and domination, which they get by pretending to watch and rule for the saving of the Peoples Souls. What power but God's can overcome all this.

29. And the whole city was filled with confusion: and having caught Gaius, and Aristarchus, men of Macedonia, Paul's companions in travel, they rushed with one accord into the Theatre. 30. And when Paul would have entered in unto the People, the Disciples suffered him not.

29. Interest caused rage and confus • on.

31. And certain of the chief of Asia, which were his friends, sent unto him, desiring him that he would not adventure himself into the Theatre.

31. The Theatre was the place where they met to judge Offenders and cast them to Wild Beasts: And some of the Priests or Heathen Masters of those Executions favored Paul and dissuaded him from coming.

32. Some therefore cried onething, and some another: for the assembly was confufed, and the more part knew not wherefore they were come together.

32. Note, What Reason or Justice is to be Executed where the ignorant Rabble are up and rage.

33. And they drew Alexander out of the mu • titude, the Jews putting him forward. And Alexander beckoned with the hand, and would have made his defense unto the people. 34. But when they knew that he was a Jew, all with one voice about the space of two hours cried out Great is Diana of the Ephesians.

33. Note, Its like but not certain that this Alexander was he that Paul tells Timothy did him much evil: Whether he were a Jew or a Christian by Religion is uncertain.

35. And when the town-clerk had appeased the people, he said, Ye men of Ephesus, what man is there that knoweth not how that the city of the Ephesians is a worshipper of the great goddess Diana, and of the Image which fell down from Jupiter? 36. Seeing then that these things cannot be spoken against, ye ought to be quiet, and to do nothing rashly. 37. For ye have brought hither these men, which are neither Robbers of Churches, nor yet Blasphemers of your goddess.

35. Note, It is the Office of Rulers to appease the Rabbles rage by reason and Authority. 2. It seems the Christians in wisdom had asserted Christianity without saying much against Diana, which would have en • aged the People against them.

38. Wherefore if Demetrius and the craftsmen which are with him, have a matter against any man, the law is open, and there are deputies; let them implead one another.

38. If they have any Action let it be tried fairly at the Judicatures by Law, and not thus by Tumult.

39. But if ye inquire anything concerning other matters, it shall be determined in a lawful assembly.

39. If beside matters of wrong you have any Accusation of more public concern, it must be tried in a greater Assembly and higher Judicature. Note, The higher Judicatures consisted of fuller Assemblys than the lower.

40. For we are in danger to be called in question for this days uproar, there being no cause whereby we may give an account of this concourse. 41. And when he had thus spoken, he dismised the Assembly.

40. Our Superiors are justly jealous of Tumults, and we are in danger to be questioned for this, and can give no just reason to excuse it.

CHAP. XX.

ANd after the uproar was ceased, Paul called unto him the Disciples, and embraced them, and departed for to go into Macedonia. 2. And when he had gone over those parts, and had given them much exhortation, he came into Greece, 3. And there abode three months:

1. Note, He spared no labor to save Souls and gather Churches.

And when the Jews laid wait for him as he was about to sail into Syria, he purposed to return through Macedonia. 4. And there accompanied him into Asia, Sopater of Berea; and of the Thessalonians, Aristarchus and Secundus; and Gaius of Derbe, and Timothy; and of Asia, Tychicus and Trophimus. 5. These going before tarried for us, at Troas.

3. Note, The Jews though nearer in Religion than the Heathens, yet persecuted the Christians, when the Heathens gave them liberty of Religion (till Nero 's time) even as the Papists do the Reformed whom Turks tolerate. 2. Timothy was not now fixed Bishop of Ephesus, who travelled with Paul.

6. And we sailed away from Philippi, after the days of unleavened bread, and came unto them to Troas in five days, where we abode seven days. 7. And upon the first day of the week, when the Disciples came together to break bread, Paul Preached unto them, ready to depart on the morrow, and continued his speech until midnight.

7. On the Lord's day when the Christians met as they used to do, to Eat a Supper together, and the Lord's Supper after it, Paul being to depart on the morrow, was the longer in Preaching to them, even till Midnight.

8. And there were many lights in the upper Chamber where they were gathered together. 9. And there sat in a window a certain young man named Eutychus, being fallen into a deep sleep: and as Paul was long Preaching, he sunk down with sleep, and fell down from the third loft, and was taken up dead. 10. And Paul went down, and fell on him, and embracing him, said, Trouble not yourselves; for his life is in him.

8. Note, This accident was to prepare for his delivery.

11. When he therefore was come up again, and had broken bread, and eaten, and talked a long while, even till break of day, so he departed.

11. Note, Grace with Persecution made Christians willing of long Exercises of Religion.

12. And they brought the young man alive, and were not a little comforted.

12. Note, Had he died some would have said, This is the effect of Christianity; Others, this is the fruit of Conventicles, and night Meetings; Others, this is the fruit of long and and unseasonable Preaching: and they would have been hardened by the scandal.

13. And we went before to ship, and sailed unto Assos, there intending to take in Paul: for so had he appointed, minding himself to go a foot.

13. Note, It was these poor laboring foot Preachers that Planted the Catholic Church, and not Mitred Pompous Princes and Lord's, or the worldly crew.

14. And when he met with us at Assos, we took him in, and came to Mitylene. 15. And we sailed thence, and came the next day over against Chios; and the next day we arrived at Samos, and tarried at Trogyllium; and the next day we came to Miletus.

16. For Paul had determined to sail by Ephesus, because he would not spend the time in Asia: for he hasted, if it were possible for him, to be at Jerusalem the day of Pentecost. 17. And from Miletus he sent to Ephesus, and called the Elders of the Church.

17. Note, They that tell us that by the Elders of the Church is meant all the Diocesan Bishops of Asia, should tell us, 1. Why Luke would not tell us so? 2. Why all Asia is called a Church in the singular number when we never find the Churches of Judea, Gallatia, or any other Country so called one Church? 3. Why the Churches of all Asia are summoned as the Church of Ephesus ? 4. What proof there is of Metropolitan Churches singlularly named in those days? 5. How it would stand with Paul's great hast to Congregate all the Bishops of Asia ? And whether it was done in a day or two? 6. Whether Paul that stayed two or three years at Ephesus did Preach through all Asia from house to house, warning everyone night and day with tears? 7. Whether this be not good evidence of many Elders then at Ephesus alone? 8. Why there is no word of making someone the Ruler of all the rest as their Bishop?

18. And when they were come to him, he said unto them; ye know from the first day that I came into Asia, after what manner I have been with you at all seasons, 19. Serving the Lord with all humility of mind, and with many tears, and temptations which befell me by the lying in wait of the Jews.

18. Ye know at what rates of danger and suffering I have served God for your salvation, humbly bearing all, &c.

20. And how I kept back nothing that was profitable unto you, but have shown you, and have taught you publicly, and from house to house,

20. Not fraudulently concealing anything profitable to you, nor teaching unprofitable things; but instructing you both in the public Assemblys and from house to house as I had opportunity.

21. Testifying both to the Jews, and also to the Greeks, repentance toward God, and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ.

21. The sum of my Preaching hath been to draw all men, to Repent and turn from sin and vanity to God as their God, by a lively Faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, as the way to the Father.

22. And now behold, I go bound in the Spirit unto Jerusalem, not knowing the things that shall befall me there: 23. Save that the holy Ghost witnesseth in every city, saying, that bonds and afflictions abide me.

22. And now I am going to Jerusalem, by the mission of God's spirit who directeth my way, in expectation of bonds; not knowing just what and how I shall suffer, but that where ever I come, the Holy Ghost in others that are Prophets tells me that bonds and afflictions must befall me.

24. But none of these things move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself, so that I might finish my course with joy, and the ministry, which I have received of the Lord Jesus, to testify the Gospel of the grace of God.

24. But the expectation of suffering shaketh not my Faith or Resolution: For it can but amount to their taking away my life: And I account not my life dear, if I may lay it down in so good a cause, and for so great a benefit, as is the finishing of the race or course of Life which God hath assigned me to with joy, as one that is past danger and ready to receive the Crown, and the full performance of the Commission which I have received of the Lord, to proclaim and testify the Gospel of Grace for the gathering of the Church and saving of souls.

Note, 1. Suffering must not shake the trust or resolution of a Christian, especially a Minister of Christ. 2. We should not only endeavor to finish our course of Christianity and Ministry with Fidelity, but also with joy. 3. Good beginnings are not enough without well finishing our Course. 4. Life must not be thought too dear to lay down for so desirable an end. 5. Martyrs may end their course with joy.

Quest. How should we finish our course with joy? Answ. 1. Take God and Heavenly Glory for your all or only happiness, and believe it firmly. 2. Give up yourselves wholly to his Love and Service without reserves. 3. Live on the Mediation of Christ by Faith.

25. And now behold, I know that ye all among whom I have gone Preaching the Kingdom of God, shall see my face no more.

25. Note, O hear your Teachers as those that shortly shall see their Faces on Earth no more.

26. Wherefore I take you to record this day, that I am pure from the blood of all men. 27. For I have not shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God.

26. You are my Witnesses, that if any perish it is not long of me, for want of Teaching; for I have not concealed from you any Truth necessary to your Salvation committed to my trust.

28. Take heed therefore unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over the which the holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the Church of God which he hath purchased with his own blood.

28. Use your greatest care and watchfulness and labor, first about yourselves (that your judgments may be sound, your hearts holy, and your lives exemplary) and then for all the Flock (that one Flock at Ephesus ) over which the Holy Ghost, by his inward qualifying and exciting you, and by his outward call, by the Flock and the Ordainers, hath made you so many Bishops or Overseers: spare for no diligence to feed and guide this Church of God, which Christ the Son of God hath so much loved, as to purchase it with his own Blood.

Note, 1. The work of the Ministry is not Imperiousness and Idleness, but a great care and labor for our own Souls and all the Flock, whose great danger and necessities require it. O, woe, woe, woe, to idle worldly ungodly Treacherous Bishops and Ministers! 2. He is no true Minister as to his own Conscience and Salvation, who is not made such by the Holy Ghost, though his acts may be valid to the guilty People. 3. Christ's Blood hath purchased the Church in a fuller sense then he is said to die for all. 4. The blood of Christ may be called the blood of God. 5. The reason before mentioned make me think that it is the one Church of Ephesus, and not all in Asia that had all these Bishops. Its called here the [Flock and the Church] in the singular number; and I remember not that any Church under the Gospel is so called, save only a single Church, and the Universal Church, and not a Collection of many Churches.

29. For I know this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves enter in among you, not sparing the flock.

29. I foreknow that dangerous Heretics and Tyrannical Dominerers will enter, who as Wolves, may be known by the mischiefs which they do to the Flock.

30. Also of your own selves shall men arise, speaking perverse things, to draw away Disciples after them.

30. Even out of your own Church (if not of you Bishops that hear me) shall some arise, that shall vend unsound and novel Doctrines, purposely to draw Di • ciples to admire and follow them: O then, what Church can be secure from such hurtful Ministers and corruptions.

31. Therefore watch, and remember that by the space of three years, I ceased not to warn everyone night and day with tears.

31. Remember my example and imitate it, left it condemn you, &c. Note, Did Paul warn everyone night and day with Tears, in a Diocese of many hundred Parish Churches.

32. And now brethren, I commend you to God, and to the word of his grace, which is able to build you up, and to give you an inheritance among all them which are sanctified.

32. And now Brethren, I have no greater Benediction for you, nor Counsel to you, but that God may be your God, your All, your Guide, Protector and Reward, and the word of his Grace may be your Rule, your Employment, and your Trust; which is sufficient in its kind, by the help of the Spirit to build you yet higher in Faith, Love and Comfort, and to secure you of the Inheritance among the Sanctifyed which it promiseth.

33. I have coveted no man's Silver, or Gold, or apparel.

33. Note, The worldly self-seekers that cannot say this, are not such as Christ will own or bless.

34. Yea, you yourselves know, that these hands have ministered unto my necessities, and to them that were with me.

34. Note, Worldly Labor for worldly Love is sordid in a Minister, but in necessity it is l • udable,

35. I have shown you all things, how that so laboring ye ought to support the weak; and to remember the words of the Lord Jesus, how he said, It is more blessed to give then to receive.

35. Note, This laboring of Paul is exemplary to Ministers when necessary. 2. If Ministers must labor to have to give to the relief of others, how much more others that have not such Avocation as the Ministerial work. They live wickedly like Sodomites that live idly without any labor profitable to others, merely because they are rich and in no need themselves.

3. It is uncertain whether Paul cite this saying of Christ, as verbally told him, though not written, or whether he spake it only as the sense and not the words which are recorded. 4. To be a Giver is more honorable than to be a Receiver.

36. And when he had thus spoken, he kneeled down and prayed with them all.

36. Note, Prayer is a meet way of parting with our Friends, and showing our love to them, commending them to God. All things are sanctified by it.

37. And they all wept sore, and fell on Paul's neck, and kissed him, 38. Sorrowing most of all for the words which he spake, that they should see his face no more. And they accompanied him unto the ship.

37. Note, Thus love causeth sorrow here, and thus we part at last with our Friends with tears and grief, with whom we lived with joy. But we shall meet again with greater joy, and never part.

CHAP. XXI.

ANd it came to pass, that after we were gotten from them; and had launched, we came with a straight course unto Coos, and the day following unto Rhodes, and from thence unto Patara. 2. And [finding a ship sailing over unto Phenicia, we went aboard, and set forth. 3. Now when we had discovered Cyprus, we left it on the left hand, and sailed into Syria, and landed at Tyre: for there the ship was to unlade her burden. 4. And finding Disciples, we tarried there seven days: who said to Paul through the Spirit, that he should not go up to Jerusalem.

4. Note Was the Spirit in Paul and in them contrary? No, but the Spirit in them told them in what danger he would be at Jerusalem, and then they in kindness, as Men, dissuaded him, but not that the Spirit forbid him, but carried him on to it, and therefore he went on.

5. And when we had accomplished those days, we departed and went our way, and they all brought us on our way, with wives and Children, till we were out of the city: and we kneeled down on the shore, and prayed.

5. Note, The loving Communion of Saints and Prayer, are the mark of true Disciples. Beza conjectureth that they are called Disciples as mere Christians, not ordered into a particular Church State: And that they are called the Brethren, when associated in Church order.

6. And when we had taken our leave one of another, we took ship, and they returned home again. 7. And when we had finished our course from Tyre, we came to Ptolemais, and saluted the brethren, and abode with them one day. 8. And the next day we that were of Paul's company departed, and came unto Cesarea; and we entered into the house of Philip the evangelist (which was one of the the seven) and abode with him.

6. Note, Luke who was one of Paul's ordinary Company makes no mention of himself and his own actions and labors, as if he were nobody.

9. And the same man had four daughters, Virgins, which did prophesy.

9. Note, Though Women were not to speak as Teachers in the Assemblies, they might have the extraordinary gifts of the Spirit, and speak by inspiration and prediction.

10. And as we tarried there many days, there came down from Judea a certain prophet named Agabus. 11. And when he was come unto us, he took Paul's girdle, and bound his own hands and feet, and said, Thus saith the holy Ghost, So shall the Jews at Jerusalem bind the man that oweth this girdle, and shall deliver him into the hands of the Gentiles.

11, Note, God foretelleth his Servants sufferings▪ not as bidding them avoid them, but as warning them to prepare.

12. And when we heard these things, both we and they of that place, besought him not to go up to Jerusalem.

12. Note, As Men, they persweded him to avoid the danger.

13. Then Paul answered, What mean ye to weep, and to break mine heart? for I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus.

13. You do but become yourselves the Author of my sufferings: What are Bonds, and what is Life, that I should not cheerfully entertain them for the name of Jesus my Lord?

Note, The condolence and temptations of compassionate Friends, are oft more grievous than persecution.

14. And when he would not be persuaded, we ceased, saying, The will of the Lord be done.

14. We saw by his resolution and unperswadableness that it was God's will; and we submitted to it.

15. And after those days we took up our carriages, and went up to Jerusalem. 16. There went with us also certain of the Disciples of Cesarea, and brought with them one Muason of Cyprus, an old Disciple, with whom we should lodge. 17. And when we were come to Jerusalem, the brethren received us gladly.

15. Muason lodged us, and the Church gladly owned us.

18. And the day following Paul went in with us unto James; and all the Elders were present.

18 Note, They that say, all the Elders were all the Bishops of Judea, do without proof, fain Paul to have sent word before of his coming, and desired a Council to be gathered to entertain him; or else they take all the Bishops of Judea to be very gross Nonresidents, that were all found the first day, so far from their Flocks;

19. And when he had saluted them, he declared particularly what things God had wrought among the Gentiles by his ministry. 20. And when they heard it, they glorified the Lord.

19. They rejoiced and thanked God for the success of the Gospel on the Gentiles, and scattered the Jews abroad.

20. And said unto him, Thou seest, brother, how many thousands of Jews there are which believe, and they are all zealous of the law. 21. And they are informed of thee, that thou teachest all the Jews which are among the Gentiles to forsake Moses, saying, that they ought not to circumcise their Children, neither to walk after the customs.

20, 21. They are told, that thou teachest not only the Gentiles, but the Jews to forsake Circumcision, and Moses Law and the Customs.

22. What is it therefore? the multitude must needs come together: for they will hear that thou art come. 23. Do therefore this that we say to thee: we have four men which have a vow on them; 24 Them take, and purify thyself with them, and be at charges with them, that they may shave their heads: and all may know that those things whereof they were informed concerning thee, are nothing, but that thou thyself also walkest orderly, and keepest the law.

22. The Multitude of Christian Jews will hear of thy coming, deliver them thus from this offense; we have four Men that made the Nazarites vow to abstain from some things a certain time, which is now expired, and they are to shave themselves ceremoniously in the Temple: Go thou with them, and perform there the Legal Ceremonies of Purification, and be at the cost of this solemnity on them, that the People may know, that the report of thee is not true, but that thou being a Jew dost thyself keep the Law.

Note, The Law was by Christ abrogated as to the use of the Types and Ceremonies, as signifying him that was to come, The Political part ceased when their policy was dissolved by their ruin: And the moral natural part Christ continued as his Law. And the Abrogation of the rest was not fully made known at first, but by degrees; and the exercise of it long tolerated to the Jews.

25. As touching the Gentiles which believe, we have written and concluded, that they observe no such thing, save only that they keep themselves from things offered to idols, and from blood, and from strangled, and from fornication.

25. We intend not this for the Gentiles, nor would bring them under the yoke of Moses Law, &c.

26. Then Paul took the men, and the next day purifying himself with them, entrod into the Temple, to signify the accomplishment of the days of purification, until that an offering should be offered for everyone of them.

26. Paul did as they advised him, and performed all the Ceremonies required, and came to the Temple to make it known, that the days of Purification were accomplished, till they were to offer.

27. And when the seven days were almost ended, the Jews which were of Asia, when they saw him in the Temple, stirred up all the people, and laid hands on him, 28. Crying out, Men of Israel help: this is the man that teacheth all men everywhere against the people, and the law, and this place: and further, brought Greeks also into the Temple, and hath polluted this holy place. 29. (For they had seen before with him in the city, Trophimus an Ephesian, whom they supposed that Paul had brought into the Temple.)

27. Note, Some think that God let out this affliction on Paul, for complying so far to please the People; as if it had been carnal Council which he followed. But that is not to be supposed; that both the Apostles and Elders, and he himself, who was guided by the Spirit, should herein err and be misled: This would leave us uncertain of the truth of their writings. But it was the way of fulfilling God's decree; and tells us what a task it is to have to do with such Men: Whether they be pleased or not, we must suffer by them.

30. And all the city was moved, and the people ran together: and they took Paul, and drew him out of the Temple: and forthwith the doors were shut.

30. In blind rage they dragged him out of the Temple as a Profaner of it.

31. And as they went about to kill him, tidings came unto the chief captain of the band, that all Jerusalem was in an uproar.

31. This sort of zeal maketh Men think it no sin but a serving of God, to murder the best of Saints, as a Sacrifice to their Holy Temple and Ceremonies.

32. Who immediately took Soldiers, and centurions, and ran down unto them: and when they saw the chief Captain and the Soldiers, they left beating of Paul.

32, Note. 1. Even a Heathen Government is better than the Popular rage of blind ceremonious superstitious Zealots. 2. Heathens are oft the Protectors of Christians, against the blind rage of those that profess devotion to the same God.

33. Then the chief Captain came near and took him, and commanded him to be bound with two Chains; and demanded who he was, and what he had done? 34. And some cried one thing, some another, among the multitude: and when he could not know the certainty for the tumult, he commanded him to be carried into the Castle.

33, 34. A Heathen would hear the cause before he judges it, when superstitious Zealots execute before they try or hear.

35. And when he came upon the stairs, so it was that he was born of the Soldiers, for the violence of the people. 36. For the multitude of the people followed after, crying, Away with him.

35. The Heathen Soldiers were fain by force, to carry and guard him from these Hypocrites.

37. And as Paul was to be led into the castle, he said unto the chief Captain, May I speak unto thee? Who said, Canst thou speak Greek? 38. Art not thou that Egyptian which before these days madest an uproar, and leddest out into the wilderness four thousand men that were murderers?

37, 38. The tumult about him made him suspect him to be an Incendiary that had lately raised sedition.

39. But Paul said, I am a man which am a Jew of Tarsus, a citizen of no mean city: and I beseech thee, suffer me to speak unto the people. 40. And when he had given him license, Paul stood on the stairs, and beckoned with the hand unto the people: and when there was made a great silence, he spake unto them in the Hebrew tongue, saying.

39, 40. When he had given him leave to speak, and procured silence and audience by his Authority, which else the Multitude of Legal Zealots would not have granted him, he spake to them in the Chaldec Tongue than called the Hebrew, because it was understood by a greater number than the Greek. This showeth that Greek was not then most common.

CHAP. XXII.

MEn, brethren, and fathers hear ye my defense which I make now unto you. 2. (And when they heard that he speak in the Hebrew tongue to them, they kept the more silence: and he saith,) 3. I am, verily a man which am a Jew▪ born in Tarsus, a city in Silicia, yet brought up in this city, at the feet of Gamaliel, and taught according to the perfect manner of the law of the fathers, and was Zelous towards God, as ye all are this day.

1. I am a Jew brought up a Disciple of Gamaliel, under the same Laws and customs, and as zealous for God in your way, as you now are.

4. And I persecuted this way unto the death, binding and dilivering into prisons both men and women.

4 And as you are affected with zealous cruelty now against Christians, so was I then, and persecuted them even to death, binding and delivering them into Prison, both Men and Women.

5. As also the high priest doth bear me witness, and all the estate of the elders: from whom also I received letters unto the brethren▪ and went to Damascus, to bring them which were there, bound unto Jerusalem, for to be punished.

5. The High Priest and all the Council of Elders (called rhe Sanhedrin ) know this) from whom I had Letters authorizing me to bring them Prisoners to Jerusalem to be punished.

6. And it came to pass, that as I made my journey, and was come nigh unto Damascus about noon, suddenly there shone from heaven a great light round about me. 7. And I fell unto the ground, and heard a voice saying unto me, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?

6, 7. I saw a Light, and h • ard a Voice, &c.

Note, When Christ will speak in Power and Terror, he will cast down the proudest Persecutor. 2. Christ taketh the persecuting of his Servants, and striving against his Gospel, as persecuting himself, it being against his Friends and for his Cause.

8. And I answered, Who art thou, Lord? And he said unto me, I am Jesus of Nazareth whom thou Persecutest.

8. Note, Did Persecutors know Christ aright, and know that it is him in his servants whom they persecute, they durst not, they would not do it.

9. And they that were with me, saw indeed the light, and were afraid; but they heard not the voice of him that speak to me.

9. They saw the Light, and heard the sound (like Thunder) but saw no man, nor heard the voice and words that were spoken to me, and which I heard.

10 And I said, What shall I do, Lord? And the Lord said unto me, Arise, and go into Damascus, and there it shall be told thee of all things which are appointed for thee to do.

10. I will not this way by voice from heaven, tell thee thy duty, I have stablished the way of notifying it by my Ministers and Spirit: Go to Damascus, and I will send thee a Teacher.

Note, Souls duly humbled are ready to do anything that God would have them do.

11. And when I could not see for the glory of that light, being led by the hand of them that were with me, I came into Damascus.

11. Note, God made the Light itself to blind him, as an Emblem of his persecuting blindness.

12. And one Ananias, a devout man according to the law, having a good report of all the Jews which dwelt there, 13. Came unto me, and stood, and said unto me, Brother Saul, receive thy sight. And the same hour I looked up upon him.

12. Ananias a zealous Jew, though a Christian, well spoken of by the Jews themselves, was sent to restore my sight, &c.

14. And he said, The God of our fathers hath chosen thee, that thou shouldest know his will, and see that Just one, and shouldest here the voice of his mouth. 15. For thou shalt be his witness unto all men, of what thou hast seen and heard.

14, 15. It is the free grace and will of God that hath chosen thee to see Christ (whom thou persecutest) and to hear his voice from Heaven, and to be his witness of what thou hast seen and heard.

Note, Paul is a full instance of God's special electing grace.

16. And now why tarriest thou? arise and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord.

16. Delay not, but presently repent and believe in Christ, and give up thyself to him in his baptismal Covenant, and as the Water washeth this body, his pardoning grace through the merits of his blood and righteousness, shall wash away the guilt of thy sins; and call on the Lord for Mercy and for his Spirit.

17. And it came to pass▪ that when I was come again to Jerusalem, even while I prayed in the temple, I was in a trance; 18. And saw him saying unto me, Make haste, and get thee quickly out of Jerusalem: for they will not receive thy testimony concerning me.

17. Note, God that foreknew that the Jews would obstinately reject Paul, directed his Ministry from them elsewhere.

19. And I said, Lord, they know that I imprisoned, and beat in every synagogue them that believed on thee. 20. And when the blood of thy martyr Stephen was shed, I also was standing by, and consenting unto his death, and kept the raiment of them that slew him.

19, 20. Lord, Sure they will hear me without prejudice, who have so hotly persecuted they Servants as they do.

21. And he said unto me, Depart: for I will send thee far hence unto the Gentiles.

21. I have other work for thee to do elsewhere with more success.

22. And they gave him audience unto this word, and then lift up their voices, and said, Away with such a fellow from the earth: for it is not fit that he should live.

22. Note, 1. Of how little credit is the judgment of blinded wicked Men, of God's Servants? when they judge them unfit to live on earth, it signifieth no guilt in them, but their own madness.

23. And as they cried out, and cast of their clothes, and threw dust into the air. 24. The chief captain commanded him to be brought into the castle, and bad that he should be examined by scourging: that he might know wherefore they cried so against him.

23, 24. Note What usage God's Servants must look for in the world: The Legalists rage as the Devils Bedlams, and the Heathen judge who was just, and preserved him, yet would scourge him on presumption before he heard his cause, but there is at hand a final judgment, where all these Bedlams and Tyrants shall be cast.

25. And as they bound him with thongs, Paul said unto the centurion that stood by, Is it lawful for you to scourge a man that is a Roman, and uncondemned?

25. As they prepared his Body to be scourged, he said, Is it not against your Law to scourge a Man uncondemned, who is a Denizon of the Roman privileges.

26. When the centurion heard that, he went and told the chief captain, saying, Take heed what thou doest; for this man is a Roman. 27. Then the chief captain came, and said unto him, Tell me art thou a Roman? He said, Yea. 28. And the chief captain answered, with a great sum obtained I this freedom. And Paul said, But I was Free-Born.

26. Art thou a Roman Denizon. Note, Tarsus was a City that was enfranchised with the Roman privileges.

29. Then straightway they departed from him which should have examined him: and the chief captain also was afraid after he knew that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

29. Note, The fear of Mans Laws hath more power with worldly Men, than the fear of God.

30. On the morrow, because he would have known the certainty wherefore he was accused of the Jews, he loosed him from his bands, and commanded the chief priests and all their council to appear, and brought Paul down, and set him before them

30. He would hear him and them together.

CHAP. XXIII.

ANd Paul earnestly he holding the council, said, Men and brethren, I have lived in all good conscience before God until this day.

1. Quest. Did Paul persecute with a good Conscience? Ans. He went according to his Conscience, though in sinful ignorance.

2. And the high priest Ananias commanded them that stood by him, to smite him on the mouth.

2. Note, The usual Justice of proud Archpriests, whose will is instead of reason and equity.

3. Then said Paul unto him, God shall smite thee, thou whited wall: for sittest thou to juge me after the law, and commandest me to be smitten contrary to the law? 4. And they that stood by, said, Revilest thou God's high Priest?

3. Note, The gross injustice of the Archpriest, is not blamed by them, but Paul taken as criminal for reproving it.

5. Then said Paul, I wist not, brethren, that he was the high Priest: For it is written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the ruler of thy people.

5. Note, Some think that Paul confesseth himself guilty of rashness or passion: But others rather think that he spake but Ironically, Ananias being indeed no High Priest but an Usurper; but yet it was not prudence for Paul openly to say so: q. d. [I knew not that he was the true High Priest [for he was not:] and I confess it a Sin to revile Rulers, for it is forbidden:] But its no sin to vindicate innocence, and declare the unrighteousness of Oppressors, and Prophetically to foretell God's Judgments against them. Christ said more who never sinned, and was made under the Law, Rulers are not unreprovable.

6. But when Paul perceived that the one part were Sadducees, and the other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, Men and brethren, I am a Pharisee, the Son of a Pharisee; of the hope and resurrection of the dead, I am called in question.

6. He took the advantage of their own differences, to draw the Pharisees to favor him, and to turn their opposition against each other. He spake nothing but the Truth, but he left out one half of the truth and so it was a sort of Equivocation: which is a sepaking part of the truth concealing another part, knowing that the hearer will thence misunderstand it: This is a fault when we are obliged to declare the whole, or when its injurious to the Hearers or to the Truth, but by concealment to occasion other Men's error or deceit▪ is not always a sin.

7. And when he had so said, there arose a dissension between the Pharisees and the Sadducees: and the multitude was divided. 8. For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, neither angel nor spirit; but the Pharisees confess both.

8. How bad a State was the Jewish Church in, when Men that believed no life but this had equal power with the rest in Priesthood and Government. 2. What Hypocrites were these Pharisees that could thus embody with damnable Heretics, and yet could not endure Christians, but silenced and murdered them like the Papists Prelates who can endure Jews and Atheists, while they burn or silence Protestants.

9. And there arose a great cry and the scribes that were of the Pharisees part arose, and strove, saying We find no evil in this man: but if a spirit or an angel hath spoken to him, let us not fight against God.

9. Note, See how partiality will change Men's Judgment according to the interest of a party or faction.

10. And when there arose a great dissension the chief captain fearing lest Paul should have been pulled in pieces of them, commanded the soldiers to go down, and to take him by force from among them, and to bring him, into the castle. 11. And the night following, the Lord stood by him, and said, Be of good cheer, Paul: for as thou hast testified of me in Jerusalem, so must thou bear witness also at Rome.

11. Note, God's encouragements accompany his commands and faithful service.

12. And when it was day, certain of the Jews banded together, and bound themselves under a curse saying, that they would neither eat nor drink till they had killed Paul.

12. Note, Seeing the Pharisees now spake for him, it seems all or most of these furious men were Sadducees; who were then the strongest Party. And even to this day, those that believe no life to come, are the most cruel Enemies of Believers: And what should deter such from bloody Vows, Conspiracies and Perjuries? When yet only Devillish malice doth provoke them.

13. And they were more then forty which had made this conspiracy. 14. And they came to the chief priests and elders, and said, We have bound ourselves under a great curse, that we will eat nothing until we have slain Paul. 15. Now therefore ye with the council, signify to the chief captain, that he bring him down unto you tomorrow, as though ye would inquire something more perfectly concerning him: and we, or ever he come near, are ready to kill him.

13. O what a Clergy was this, that must head a confederacy of murdering Sadducees.

16. And when Paul's sisters Son heard of their lying in wait, he went and entered into the castle, and told Paul. 17. Then Paul called one of the centurions unto him, and said, Bring this young man unto the chief captain: for he hath a certain thing to tell him. 18. So he took him, and brought him to the chief captain, and said, Paul the prisoner called me unto him, and prayed me to bring this young man unto thee, who hath something to say unto thee. 19. Then the chief captain took him by the hand, and went with him aside privately, and asked him, What is that thou hast to tell me? 20. And he said, The Jews have agreed to desire thee, that thou wouldest bring down Paul tomorrow into the council, as though they would inquire somewhat him more perfectly. 21. But do not thou yield unto them: for there lie in wait for him of them more then forty men, which have bound themselves with an oath, that they will neither eat nor drink till they have killed him: and now are they ready, looking for a promise from thee.

16, Note, 1. No Conspiracies are kept secret from God, who can detect and frustrate them 2. No doubt but these Men that could Vow to satisfy rage, did brake it rather than famish.

22. So the chief captain then let the young man depart, and charged him, See thou tell no man that thou hast shown these things to me, 23. And he called unto him two centurions, saying, Make ready two hundred soldiers to go to Cesarea, and horsemen threescore and ten, and spearmen two hundred, at the third hour of the night. 24. And provide them beasts, that they may set Paul on, and bring him safe unto Felix the governor.

Note, Thus God raised forces of Heathens to defend his Servant.

25. And he wrote a letter after this manner 26. Claudius Lysias, unto the most excellent governor Felix, sendeth greeting 27. This man was taken of the Jews, and should have been killed of them: then came I with an army and rescued him, having understood that he was a Roman. 28. And when I would have known the cause wherefore they accused him, I brought him forth into their council: 29. Whom I perceived to be accused of questions of their law, but to have nothing laid to his charge worthy of death or of bonds. 30. And when it was told me, how that the Jews laid wait for the man, I sent straightway to thee, and gave commandment to his accusers also, to say before thee what they had against him. Farewell.

Note, This Colonel, that by a band of Soldiers rescued him; judgeth him guiltless as to the Roman Law.

31. Then the soldiers as it was commanded them, took Paul and brought him by night to Antipatris. 32. On the morrow they left the horsemen to go with him, and returned to the castle. 33. Who when they came to Cesarea and delivered the epistle to the governor, presented Paul also before him. 34. And when the governor had read the letter, he asked of what province he was. And when he understood that he was of Silicia: 35. I will hear thee, said he, when thine accusers are also come. And he commanded him to be kept in Herod's judgment-hall.

35. Note, A place called Herod's Hall: Not that he was there. Thus God carried on Paul toward Rome to fulfil his Will and Work.

CHAP. XXIV.

ANd after five days, Ananias the high Priest descended with the Elders, and with a certain orator named Tertullus, who informed the Governor against Paul.

1. Note, Tertullus was the malignant Lawyer or Orator, who was to plead their charge against Paul, if not of mere ma • ice, at least for his Fee. The Accusation is given in and hotly prosecuted by the High Priest and Elders: Dr. Hummond thought that the word [Elders] in the Christian Church never signified any but Bishops (such as we now call Diocesan] And it is undoubted that the Church borrowed that Title from the Jews Elders, and therefore meant some similitude of Offices (allowing the difference of materials and Law) And then it would follow that the Jews Elders that made their Council, were the Jewish Bishops of several distant Cities gathered together at Jerusalem : And so that it was the Jews Archbishop and all the Bishops under him, that were these malignant Diabolica Accusers and Persecutors: But the Jewish Elders were not such City Bishops, but a Conjunction of Laymen and Priests in a supreme Council at Jerusalem, and inferior Councils in Cities, where were Synagogues.

2. And when he was called forth, Tertullus began to accuse him, saying, Seeing that by thee we enjoy great quietness, and that very worthy deeds are done unto this nation by thy providence, 3. We accept it always, and in all places, most noble Felix, with all thankfulness.

2, 3. To win the Judge by flattery, hath ever by false Accusers been taken for the surest way for success.

4. Notwithstanding, that I be not further tedious unto thee, I pray thee, that thou wouldest hear us of thy clemency a few words. 5. For we have found this man a pestilent fellow, and a mover of sedition among all the Jews throughout all the world, and a ringleader of the Sect of the Nazarene:

5. We have found this Man a very plague, &c.

Note, This part of the Accusation is, 1. In general that he was a very walking Pestilence O what Diabolism is it to judge thus of the Preachers of Love, and Mercy and Salvation! 2. Particularly. 1. a mover of Sedition among all the Jews through the Roman Empire: So Christian Reformation must be called Sedition, to stir up Rulers against it, as Defenders of the common Peace: And this to Felix was a Potent argument, for he had been put to conquer and destroy one Eleazar, that came out of Egypt as a pretended Prophet, and gathered an Army of Seditious Cut throats that endangered the Peace. 2. The second accusation was, that he was a Leader of a Sect or Schism, calling the Christians Nazarens in scorn, from Nazareth where Christ dwelt.

6. Who also hath gone about to profane the Temple: whom we took, and would have judged according to our law.

6. The third part of the Accusation was profaning the Tepmle: Note, Would not these infidels be thought Holy Men: They were zealous for Temple, Law and Ceremonies, against Christianity, Holiness, Innocency, and the lives of the best of Men.

7. But the chief Captain Lysias came upon us, and with great violence took him away out of our hands.

7. N. To save the innocent from the violence of wicked Priests, is accused a • violence even in a Governor.

8. Commanding his accusers to come unto thee: by examine • ng of whom, thyself mayest take knowledge of all these things whereof we accuse him. 9. And the Jews also assented, saying, That these things were so.

8, 9. Note, Seeing the judgments of Men are so contrary, that he is a seditious Plague and Sectary to one, that is, one of the best on earth to another, alas, How shall the People know who to believe? The History of Liars are stufft with lies: And how can Strangers and Posterity know who were the Liars? This is a great shake to the credit of most History. But the haters of Holyness are seldom to be believed.

10. Then Paul, after that the Governor had beckned unto him to speak, answered, Forasmuch as I know that thou hast been of many years a judge unto this nation, I do the more cheerfully answer for myself: 11. Because that thou mayest understand, that there are yet but twelve days since I went up to Jerusa;lem for to worship.

10. Thou knowest their customs, had I been such a one as they accuse me to be, what should move me to come so far from other Countries but twelve days ago, to keep the Feast of Pentecost, and to worship at Jerusalem.

12. And they neither found me in the Temple disputing with any man, neither raising up the people, neither in the Synagoue, nor in the city: 13. Neither can they prove the things whereof they now accuse me.

12. I was only worshipping in the Temple, and deny that I did anything to move Sedition, as they accuse me-

14. But this I confess unto thee, that after the way which they call heresy, so worship I the God of my Fathers, believing all things which are written in the Law and the Prophets.

14. I am not ashamed to own it, that I worship God as a Christian, in the way that they call a Heresy • or Sect; for I believe the Law and the Prophets who teach it me.

15. And have hope towards God, which they themselves also allow, that there shall be a resurrection of the dead, both of the just and unjust.

15. The Resurrection of Christ confirmeth my belief of the Resurrection of the dead, &c.

Note, 1. The Doctrine of a Resurrection of the just only was not then owned by the Jews, 2, It seems by this time the Pharisees joined in his Persecution▪ though before they excused him in contention with the Sadducees.

16. And herein do I exercise myself to have always a conscience void of offense toward God, and toward men.

16. And in this hopes of a Resurrection and the Christian Faith, my daily care and exercise is, to keep myself from offending God or Man by any sin, that my conscience may not be my Accuser.

17. Now after many years, I came to bring alms to my nation, and offerings.

17. To bring Alms and Offerings is no profaneness or sedition, &c.

18. Whereupon certain Jews from Asia, found me purified in the Temple, neither with multitude, nor with tumult. 19. Who ought to have been here before thee, and object, if they had ought against me.

18, 19. These Asian Jews falsely thought that I had brought Trophinus into the Temple: And it being they that are the first Accusers and Witnesses, they should have been here.

20. Or else let these same here say, if they have found any evil-doing in me, while I stood before the council, 21. Except it be for this one voice, that I cried standing among them, Touching the Resurrection of the dead, I am called in question by you this day.

20. As to anything that I did in the Council let them witness what they can against me? They have nothing to charge me with, but that I said, touching the Resurrection of the dead, I am accused: I meant Christ's Resurrection as the cause and pledge of ours.

Note, Some think that Paul here confesseth it a fault, that he equivocated to set them together by the Ears, as being an act of Carnal Wisdom, and an obscuring of his confession of Christ. But most expositors rather think that he spake this ironically, as if he had said, unless they will make it a fault, that I said I am called in question about the Resurrection, they can charge me with none there.

22. And when Felix heard these things, having more perfect knowledge of that way, he deferred them, and Said, When Lysias the chief Captain shall come down, I will know the uttermost of your matter.

22. He said, when I have got a more perfect knowledge of this way of Christianity, and how far it is against your Law, and when I have spoke with Colonel Lysias of the tumults, I will judge the cause, which yet I cannot do.

23. And he commanded a centurion to keep Paul, and to let him have liberty, and that he should forbid none of his acquaintance to minister, or come unto him.

23. To secure him as a Prisoner at large.

24. And after certain days, when Felix came with his wife Drusilla, which was a Jewess, he sent for Paul, and heard him concerning the faith in Christ. 25. And as he reasoned of righteousness, temperance, and Judgment to come, Felix trembled, and answered, Go thy way for this time; when I have a convenient season, I will call for thee.

24, 25. Note, Felix is noted by the Historians of those times to be specially guilty of two crimes; Injustice through Covetousness and Incontinence, taking another Mans Wife. (This Drusilla the Niece of Anthony and Cleopatra ) And so the Subject moved his conscience to make him tremble.

Note, O the strength of sin, that will live, even when Men tremble for fear of judgment.

46. He hoped also that money should have been given him of Paul, that he might loose him: wherefore he sent for him the oftener, and communed with him.

26. Note, All his trembling overcame not the love of Money. Money is the worldlings great Mediator.

27. But after two years, Porcius Festus came into Felix room: and Felix willing to show the Jews a pleasure, left Paul bound.

27. His carnal respects to Man and Fame, and to please the malicious Jews, prevailed against his Conscience, and leaves Paul a Prisoner to be judged by Festus his Successor, when Paul had been two years kept a Prisoner.

CHAP. XXV.

NOw when Festus was come into the province, after three days he ascended from Cesarea to Jerusalem. 2. Then the high priest, and the chief of the Jews informed him against Paul, and besought him, 3. And desired favor against him, that he would send for him to Jerusalem, laying wait in the way to kill him.

1, 2, 3. The malicious Priests and Rulers continue their murderous design, and cannot get a heathen Ruler to be so bad as they.

4. But Festus answered, that Paul should be kept at Cesarea, and that he himself would depart shortly thither. 5. Let them therefore, said he, which among you are able, go down with me, and accuse this man, if there be any wickedness in him. 6. And when he had tarried among them more then ten days, he went down unto Cesarea, and the next day sitting in the Judgment-seat, commanded Paul to be brought.

4. After ten days he went down and they with him.

7. And when he was come, the Jews which came down from Jerusalem, stood round about, and laid many and grievous complaints against Paul, which they could not prove; 8. While he answered for himself, Neither against the law of the Jews, neither against the Temple, nor yet against Caesar, have I offended anything at all.

7. The Diabolists did pretend that he broke their Law, profaned their Holy Temple, and disturbed the peace as a seditious breaker of Caesar 's Law: All which he denied and they could not prove.

Note, Its strange that the Devil had not attained to what he hath done in this age, to enable them to prove anything by perjured Witnesses!

9. But Festus willing to do the Jews a pleasure, answered Paul, and said, Wilt thou go up to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these things before me?

9. The pleasing of the Priests and Multitude being more of the Rulers carnal Interest, than doing Justice for one poor Man, he would thus have sacrificed him to them.

10. Then said Paul, I stand at Caesars Judgment-seat, where I ought to be judged: to the Jews have I done no wrong, as thou very well knowest. 11. For if I be an offender, or have committed anything worthy of death, I refuse not to die: but if there be none of these things whereof these accuse me, no man may deliever me unto them. I appeal unto Caesar.

10. Note, Having the Roman privileges, he might appeal to the Roman Laws, which then had not condemned Christianity. But doubtless the Jews would call this Hethenish, for him to choose rather to be saved by Heathens, than to be murdered by Jews. As at this day he that had rather be saved from murder by a Mahometan than Murdered or Tormented by a Papist shall be said to be for Mohammedanism. And here let them that grudge at Christ, for requiring us to deny our lives for him and for the Heavenly reward, consider that even Church-Tyrants require as much, and that for nothing without any such reward: If under their Inquisitions, or other persecutions, Men do but as every living Creature will do, strive to escape their malice and to live, and do not die without any reluctancy, they call them Rebells; yea, if they do but groan and complain, it goeth for Sedition to feel when they are hurt; when it is the holy Church that doth it: Christ doth not thus condemn sense and natural Love of Life, in his hardest laws of self-denial.

12. Then Festus, when he had conferred with the Council, answered, Hast thou appealed unto Caesar? unto Caesar shalt thou go.

12. Note, They might have constrained him to be judged there: but God over ruled it, to spread abroad the Gospel.

13. And after certain days, King Agrippa and Bernice came unto Cesarea to salute Festus. 14. And when they had been there many days, Festus declared Paul's cause unto the King, saying, There is a certain man left in bonds by Felix: 15. About whom, when I was at Jerusalem, the chief priests and the Elders of the Jews informed me desiring to have Judgment against him.

13. Note. This Agrippa was the Son of that Herod that was eaten to death by Worms, and Bernice was his Sister, the Wife of Polemon King of Silicia, who left her Husband and lived with his Brother.

16. To whom I answered, It is not the manner of the Romans to deliver any man to die, before that he which is accused, have the accusers face to face, and have license to answer for himself concerning the crime laid against him.

16. The Jewish Religious Tyrants had overcome and cast off this Law of Nature, which the Heathens kept.

17. Therefore when they were come hither, without any delay on the morrow I sat on the Judgment-seat, and I commanded the man to be brought forth. 18. Against whom when the accusers stood up, they brought none accusation of such things as I supposed: 19. But had certain questions against him of their own superstition, and of one Jesus, which was dead, whom Paul affirmed to be alive.

17, 19. Note, These things he made light of as not understanding them.

20. And because I doubted of such manner of questions, I asked him whether he would go to Jerusalem, and there be judged of these matters. 21. But when Paul had appealed to be reserved unto the hearing of Augustus, I commanded him to be kept till I might send him to Caesar.

20. I would have had him tried by the Jews who understood their own Law, &c.

22. Then Agrippa said unto Festus, I would also hear the man myself. To morrow, said he, thou shalt hear him. 23. And on the morrow when Agrippa was come, and Bernice, with great pomp, and was entered into the place of hearing, with the chief Captains and Principal men of the city, at Festus commandment Paul was brought forth. 24. And Festus said, King, Agrippa, and all men which are here present with us, ye see this man, about whom all the multitude of the Jews have dealt with me, both at Jerusalem, and also here, crying, that he ought not to live any longer.

24. Note, The lives of God's best Servants are a grief to the Malignants.

25. But when I found that he had committed nothing worthy of death, and that he himself hath appealed to Augustus, I have determined to send him.

25. Note, what an odious scandal did these Priests cast on God's Law, to make it seem worse then Heathens Laws.

26. Of whom I have no certain thing to write unto my Lord. Wherefore I have brought him forth before you, and specially before thee, O King Agrippa, that after examination had, I might have somewhat to write. 27. For it seemeth to me unreasonable to send a prisoner, and not with all to signify the crimes laid against him.

26. Note, Justice is a part of the Law of Nature known to all.

CHAP. XXVI.

THen Agrippa said unto Paul, Thou art permitted to spake for thyself. Then Paul stretched forth the hand, and answered for himself,

1. Note, It was the custom by the motion of the hand to give notice when one was beginning to speak, to procure silent audience.

2. I think myself happy, King Agrippa because I shall answer for myself this day before thee, touching all the things whereof I am accused of the Jews: 3. Especially, because I know thee to be expert in all customs and questions which are among the Jews: wherefore I beseech thee to hear me patiently.

2. Its a great favor for Great men so much as to hear an innocent good Man speak for himself.

4. My manner of life from my youth, which was at the first among mine own nation at Jerusalem, know all the Jews. 5. Which knew me from the beginning (if they would testify) that after the most straitest sect of our Religion, I lived a Pharisee. 6. And now I stand, and am judged for the hope of the promise made of God unto our Fathers, 7. Unto which promise our twelve tribes instantly serving God day and night, hope to come for which hopes sake, King Agrippa, I am accused of the Jews.

4. Note, He supposeth Agrippa acquainted with the Jewish affairs, of their expectation of the Messiah and the Preaching of Christianity, and the stirs about it. And if the hopes of a Messiah be Sedition, all the Jews are guilty of it, that pray for it continually. Quest. Did the Ten Tribes pray for it, who were carried away by the Assyrians and Idolaters put in their Country? Answ. 1. In such Captivating Transplantations, they never carry away all the poor People that must Till the Ground, but the Rulers, Soldiers, great Men and Men of Note; else it would be the Conquerers loss: So it hath been here, at the Conquests made by the Romans, Saxons and Deans and Normans : The greater number of the Country People still staid as Tenants or Servants to the Conquerers. 2. The Neigbourhood of the Jews, did by degrees shame away much of the Idolatry of the Israelites : As Josiabs power extended to pull down their Idols and Altars, and burn men's bones on them. 3. And afterward the Israelites Country wanting some Inhabitants, the Jews by degrees possessed much of their Country. And the speech of the Samaritan Woman, John 4. Showeth that they commonly expected Christ to come, and tell them all things.

8. Why should it be thought a things incredible with you, that God should raise the dead.

8. The great point of our Controversy now is, Whether Christ rose from the Dead? And why should this seem an incredible thing to you? Is it too hard for God who upholdeth all the World, and giveth life to all that live.

9. I verily thought with myself, that I ought to do many things contrary to the name of Jesus of Nazareth.

9. I once was of your mind, and did not only set light by the Name of Jesus, but thought I ought to set myself against it, and oppose them that Preached and Professed it.

10. Which thing I also did in Jerusalem, and many of the saints did I shut up in Prison: having received authority from the chief Priests; and when they were put to death, I gave my voice against them.

10. In this blindness I was a Persecuter of the Saints.

11. And I punished them oft in every Syangogue, and compelled them to blaspheme; and being exceedingly mad against them, I persecuted them even unto strange Cities.

11. Note, Whether Paul prevailed with any to Blaspheme Christ through fear, or only endeavored it, is uncertain. 2. He now knew that his Persecution was from exceeding madness, when yet before he took it for his duty? So blind are Persecutors Judgments.

12. Whereupon as I went to Damascus with authority and commission from the chief Priests; 13. At midday, O King, I saw in the way a light from Heaven, above the brightness of the Sun, shining round about me, and them which journeyed with me. 14. And when we were all sallen to the Earth, I heard a voice speaking unto me, and saying in the Hebrew tongue, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? It is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.

12. I was Convinced by this Miracle and voice from Heaven. Ignorant man? Dost thou know whom thou persecutest and why? It will prove to thee but like spurning at Thornswith thy bare feet.

Note, Here we find that all Paul's Company fell to the ground with him. Which is not mentioned Chap. 9. or 22.

15. And I said, Who art thou, Lord? And he said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest.

15. It is me in my cause and servants that thou Persecutest.

16. But rise, and stand upon thy feet: for I have appeared unto thee for this purpose, to make thee a minister and a witness both of these things which thou hast seen, and of those things in the which I will appear unto thee;

16. My appearing to thee is to make thee a Preacher of that thou hast Persecuted; to witness what thou now hast seen, and what I shall further tell the by my Spirit and works.

17. Delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee, 18. To open their eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me.

17.18. Delivering thee both from the Jews and Gentiles, to whom now I command thee to Preach; to open the Eyes that are blinded in gross ignorance and Idolatry, and to turn them from that darkness to the light of the saving knowledge of God and their Redeemer, from the Power of Satan whom thy serve by sin, to the Belief, Love and Obedience of God, that they may hereupon receive the forgiveness of all their past sin, and right to the inheritance among the Sanctified: which is here begun in Holiness and Communion with God and his Saints, and hereafter perfected in Glory; and all this believing, trusting and obeying me, and my Gospel (or by being Christians).

Note, These words were omitted by Luke in Chap. 9. and 22. Here is a Promise to be trusted, and a Command to be obeyed.

19. Whereupon, O King Agrippa, I was not disobedient unto the Heavenly vision:

19. I did not, I durst not Rebel against such a Vision and a Command from Heaven.

20. But shown first unto them of Damascus, and at Jerusalem, and throughout all the coasts of Judea, and then to the Gentiles, that they should repent and turn to God, and do works meet for repentance.

20. And the Gospel which I Preached at Damascus, &c. is, that men should Repent and turn to God, and show the sincerity of their Repentance by a Holy, Righteous, Charitable and sober Life, (and all this in hope of Glory, purchased and promised by Christ who thus sent me.)

21. For these causes the Jews caught me in the Temple, and went about to kill me.

21. This is the true cause why the Jews would have killed me, as crossing their unbelief,

22. Having therefore obtained help of God, I continue unto this day, witnessing both to small and great, saying none other things then those which the Prophets and Moses did say should come: 23. That Christ should suffer, and that he should be the first that should rise from the dead, and should show light unto the people, and to the Gentiles.

22. God hath kept me through many dangers to this day, while I testify this Gospel to all, which is but what was Prophesied that Christ should die for our sins, and rise first from death and Convert the Gentiles.

24. And as he thus spake for himself, Festus said with a loud voice, Paul, thou art beside thyself: much learning doth make thee mad.

24. Thou art a crazed Fanatick: much Learning or Bookishness hath distracted thee.

25. But he said, I am not mad; most noble Festus; but speak forth the words of truth and soberness. 26. For the King knoweth of these things, before whom also I speak freely: for I am persuaded that none of these things are hidden from him; for this thing was not done in a corner.

25, 26. I am not mad, but soberly speak that truth which I suppose the King knoweth; I do not think that the fame of Christ's Miracles, Death and Resurrection, no nor of this Vision of mine, is unknown to him, being things openly done and famed abroad.

27. King Agrippa, believest thou the Prophets? I know that thou believest.

27. If thou believe the Prophets, thou mayest see that they Prophesied this of Christ.

28. Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.

28. A little thou persuadest, &c.

Note, It is uncertain whether he spake this seriously as inclining to believe in Christ? Or in contempt, Thou would persuade me that I am almost a Christian.

29. And Paul said, I would to God, that not only thou, but also all that hear me this day, were both almost, and altogether such as I am, except these bonds.

29. Note, True Ministers thirst for men's Conversion and Salvation.

30. And when he had thus spoken, the King rose up, and the Governor, and Bernice, and they that sat with them. 31. And when they were gone aside, they talked between themselves, saying, This man doeth nothing worthy of death, or of bonds. 32. Then said Agrippa unto Festus, This man might have been set at Liberty, if he had not appealed to Caesar.

30. Thy acquit him, but discharge him not.

CHAP. XXVII.

ANd when it was determined that we should sail into Italy, they delivered Paul and certain other prisoners, to one named Julius, a Centurion of Augustus band. 2. And entering into a ship of Adramytrium, we launched, meaning to fail by the coast of Asia, one Aristarhcus a Macedonian, of Thessalonica, being with us. 3. And the next day we touched at Sidon and Julius courteously entreated Paul, and gave him liberty to go unto his friends to refresh himself.

3. Heathen Soldiers are less cruel than Jewish superstitious Priests and Hypocrites.

4. And when we had launched from thence we sailed under Cyprus, because the winds were contrary. 5. And when we had sailed over the sea of Silicia & Pamphylia, we came to Myra, a city of Lysia. 6. And there the Centurion found a ship of Alexandria sailing into Italy, and he put us therein. 7. And when we had sailed slowly many days, and scarce were come over against Cuidus, the wind, not suffering us, we sailed under Crete, over against Salmone. 8. And hardly passing it, came unto a place which is called the fair havens, nigh whereunto was the city of Lasea.

Note, God caused these difficulties to manifest his merciful Providence.

9. Now when much time was spent: and when sailing was now dangerous, because the fast was now already past, Paul admonished them. 10. And said unto them, Sirs, I perceive that this voyage, will be with hurt and much damage, not only of the lading and ship, but also of our lives.

9. At the time of the Jews yearly Fast of Expiation which was in part of our October, sailing used to be very dangerous on those Seas.

11. Nevertheless, the Centurion believed the master and the owner of the ship, more then those things which were spoken by Paul 12. And because the Haven was not commodious to winter in, the more part advised to depart thence also, if by any means they might attain to Phenice, and there to winter, which is an Haven of Crete, and lieth toward the South-west, and North-west.

12. Note, Phaenice a Haven-Town is described to distinguish it from the Country called Phaenice.

13. And when the South-wind blew softly, supposing that they had obtained their purpose loosing thence they sailed close by Crete. 14. But not long after there arose against it a tempestuous wind, called Euroclydon. 15. And when the ship was caught, and could not bear up into the wind, we let her drive. 16. And running under a certain Island which is called Clauda we had much work to come by the boat? 17. Which when they had taken up, they used helps, under girding the ship, and fearing lest they should fall into the quicksands, strake sail, and so were driven. 18. And being exceedingly tossed with a tempest, the next day they lightened the ship 19. And the third day we cast out with our own hands the takling of the ship.

Note. They cast away all to save themselves: All that a man hath will he give for his life. And yet the ungodly sell their souls for nothing.

20. And when neither sun nor stars in many days appeared, and no small tempest lay on us, all hope that we should be saved was then taken away.

20. All hope that could be grounded on visible probability.

21. But after long abstinence, Paul stood forth in the midst of them, and said, Sirs, ye should have hearkened unto me, and not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss.

21. To have escaped this loss.

22. And now I exhort you to be of good cheer: for there shall be no loss of any man's life among you, but of the ship. 23. For there stood by me this night the angel of God, whose I am, and whom I serve 24. Saying, Fear not Paul, thou must be brought before Caesar, and lo, God hath given thee all them that sail with thee.

23. Note, 1. God useth his Angel for the safety and comfort of his Servants. 2. Paul mentioneth God in his Relations to us. 1. He is our Owner, whose we are : 2. Our Ruler [ whom we serve ] and its implied, Our Father, and Protector, In whom we trust.

3. Many bad Men fare the better, for one good Man that is among them.

25. Wherefore Sirs, be of good cheer: for I believe God, that it shall be even as it was told me. 26. Howbeit, we must be cast upon a certain Island.

25. I trust my God and would have you trust him.

27. But when the fourteenth Night was come, as we were driven up and down in Adria about midnight, the shipmen deemed that they drew near to some country. 28. And sounded, and found it twenty fathoms, and when they had gone a little further, they sounded again, and found it fifteen fathoms. 29. Then fearing least we should have fallen upon rocks, they cast four ancres out of the stern, and wished for the day.

29. They stopped the Ship and durst go on further.

30. And as the shipmen were about to flee out of the ship, when they had let down the boat into the sea: under color as though they would cast Anchors out of the foreship. 31. Paul said to the Centurion and to the soldiers, Except these abide in the ship, ye cannot be saved.

30. Note, God that decreed that they should not perish, decreed also that the skillful Seamen should abide in the Ship▪ Means and End are in the same decree.

32. Then the soldiers cut off the ropes of the boat, and let her fall off; 33. And while the day was coming on Paul besought them all to take meat, saying, This day is the fourteenth day that ye have tarried and continued fasting, having taken nothing. 34. wherefore I pray you to take some meat, for this is for your health: for there shall not an hair fall from the head of any of you.

33. Note, Not that they had eat nothing in fourteen days: But say some Expositors, no set meal, or so little as was next to nothing; But others more probably say [you have eaten nothing all this (one) day, expecting the fourteenth day as Critical.

35. And when he had thus spoken, he took bread, and gave thanks to God in presence of them all, and when he had broken it, he began to eat.

35. Note, If those in England that scorn at open Thanksgiving to God even at Noble Tables and great Feasts, (and think it deserveth a Prison for more than four to be present at such a Religious Exercise) had been in this Ship, or in Jonas 's fear might have taught them better.

36. Then were they all of good cheer, and they also took some meat. 37. And we were in all in the ship, two hundred threescore and sixteen souls.

37. Note, And though Paul Preacht to them, the honest Heathens accused him not for a Conventicle; what shall we think the Priests would have done had they been now among them.

38. And when they had eaten enough, they lightened the ship, and cast out the wheat into the sea.

38. Note, Even future provision is cast away to save life at present. That is a duty in such a case of necessity; which in other cases would have been a great sin.

39. And when it was day, they knew not the land: but they discovered a certain Creek with a shore, into the which they were minded, if it were possible, to thrust in the ship. 40. And when they had taken up the ancres, they committed themselves unto the Sea, and loosed the Rudder bands, and and hoysed up the main sail to the wind, and made toward the shore. 41. And saling into a place where two Seas meet, they ran the ship a ground, and the fore-part stuck fast, and remained immovable, but the hinder part was broken with the violence of the waves.

39. This was a shallow near a neck of Land called an Istmus where the Sea is on both sides it. The Malthasses call it to this day St. Paul 's Landing place.

42. And the Soldiers Council was to kill the Prisoners, lest any of them should swim out, and escape.

42. Note, Lest they should have been punished for letting them escape, they would have killed them.

43. But the Centurion willing to save Paul, kept them from their purpose, and commanded that they which could swim, should cast themselves first into the Sea, and get to land. 44. And the rest, some on boards and some on broken pieces of the ship, and so it came to pass that they escaped all safe to land.

4. Note, God gave them their lives for a prey.

CHAP. XXVIII.

ANd when they were escaped, then they knew that the Island was called Melita 2. And the barbarous people shown us no little kindness: for they kindled a fire, and received us everyone, because of the present rain, and because of the cold.

1. Note, There are two Islands of this Name: And it is a Controversy which is meant: But Beza and others show great probability that it is that called Maltha, now possessed by Christians, as a Fort against the Turks.

3. And when Paul had gathered a bundle of sticks, and laid them on the fire, there came a viper out of the heat and fastened on his hand.

3. Note, Not that Paul carried the Adder or Viper amon the sticks into a Chimney; but they made the fire in some open place where the Adder lay, and was forced out by the heat.

4. And when the barbarians saw the venomous beast hang on his hand they said among themselves, No doubt this man is a murderer, whom though he hath escaped the sea, yet vengeance suffereth not to live.

4. Note, Even these Barbarians believed God to be the Revenger of Murder: And yet the Priests took the Murder of Christ and his Disciples for a Meritorious work, and zealously pursued it.

5. And he shook off the beast into the fire, and felt no harm. 6. Howbeit they looked when he should have swollen, or fallen down dead suddenly: but after they had looked a 〈1 page duplicate〉 〈1 page duplicate〉 great while, and saw no harm come to him, they changed their minds, and said that he was a God.

5. Note, So mutable is vulgar Judgment.

7. In the same quarters were possessions of the chief man of the Island, whose name was Publius, who received us and lodged us three days courteously. 8. And it came to pass that the father of Publius lay sick of a fever, and of a bloody flux: to whom Paul entered in, and prayed, and laid his hands on him, and healed him. 9. So when this was done, others also which had diseases in the Island came, and were healed: 10. Who also honored us with many honors, and when we departed, they laded us with such things as were necessary

7. Note, If we could pray as Paul did and heal all the Sick by it; Quest. Whether men would imprison us for it? Answ. The sick or the healed would not, but its not unlike that Jewish Priests would do it; for so they did.

11. And after three months we departed in a ship of Alexandria, which had wintered in the isle, whose sign was Castor and Pollux. 12. And landing at Syracuse, we tarried there three days. 13. And from thence we fetched a compass, and came to Rhegium: and after one day the south-wind blew, and we came the next day to Puteoli: 14. Where we found brethren, and were desired to tarry with them seven days: and so we went toward Rome.

14. Note, It appeareth by this that the Gospel had been received before Paul 's coming thither, in the Italian Country about Rome ? Whether these Brethren entertained all the Soldiers and Prisoners seven days, or Paul and his Company only as trusted by the Centurian to come after him, is uncertain.

15. And from thence, when the brethren heard of us, they came to meet us as far as Appii-forum, and the Three Taverns: whom when Paul saw, he thanked God, and took courage.

15. Note, By this it appeareth also that Paul found a Church in Rome. No doubt these Brethren lived not without Assembling to worship God, being then not forbidden. But who first brought Christianity thither, or Planted a Church, or was their first Pastor, no History tell us; but its most probable that it was neither Peter nor Paul. Circumstances have persuaded me, that Christianity came first into England by Christian Soldiers that were in the Roman Army, (such as built the Church called St. Martins near Canturbury, which Beda mentioneth.) And it is more probable that such as Cornelius being Converted in Judea, and having their dependence on Rome, and business there, were like to be the first introducers of of Christianity there (As such were in Helvetia. )

16. And when we came to Rome, the centurion delivered the prisoners to the captain of the guard: but Paul was suffered to dwell by himself, with a soldier that kept him.

16. One Soldier was his Guard.

17. And it came to pass, that after three days, Paul called the chief of the Jews toge • her. And when they were come together, he said unto them, Men and brethren, though I have committed nothing against the people or customs of our fathers, yet was I delivered prisoner from Jerusalem into the hands of the Romans. 18. Who when they had examined me, would have let me go, because there was no cause of death In me. 19. But when the Jews spake against it, I was constrained to appeal unto Cesat; not that I have ought to accuse my nation of.

17. Note, Though Paul Preached against the Gentiles subjection to Moses Law, yet to the Jews he only spake against the imposing it as necessary on others, and against its justifying Power without Christ. 19. I appealed in my own necessary Defense, and not as an Accuser of the Jews.

20. For this cause therefore have I called for you, to see you, and to speak with you: because that for the hope of Israel I am bound with this chain.

20. It is for Preaching that Messiah who hath long been, expected and prayed for, as the Hope of Israel that I am come hither a Prisoner in this Chain.

21. And they said unto him, We neither received letters out of Judea concerning thee, neither any of the brethren that came, shown or spake any harm of thee. 22. But we desire to hear of thee what thou thinkest: for as concerning this sect, we know that everywhere it is spoken against.

21. We have had no Accusation of thee: but that we may be able to judge of thee, we would hear thee ourselves, what it is that thou holdest and teachest. For Christians are everywhere spoken aganist as an evil Sect.

Note, He that would know how far to regard common fame against any man or party, must know what sort of people they be that report it, whether Men of truth, sobriety and conscience, or debauched, ungodly, malignant s • oundrils; And by what motives they are set on work, whether by God's word and will, or by Carnal interests, and flattery of Great and ungodly Worldlings, or enmity to Holy Doctrine and Practice: And what Eviedence they give to prove their Accusations.

23. And when they had appointed him a day, there came many to him into his lodging to whom he expounded and testified the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus, both out of the law of Moses, and out of the prophets, from morning till evening.

23. He proved to them out of the Law and Prophets, that Christ was the Messiah, whose Kingdom is spiritual, and is now begun as foretold, upon his Resurrection and Ascension, and gathering an Universal Church by the Miracles, Gifts and Grace of the Holy Ghost.

24. And some believed the things which were spoken, and some believed not. 25. And when they agreed not among themselves, they departed, after that Paul had spoken one word Well spake the Holy Ghost by Isaiah the prophet, unto our fathers, 26. Saying, Go unto this people, and say, Hearing ye shall hear, and shall not understand; and seeing ye shall see, and not perceive. 27. For the heart of this people is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes have they closed; lest they should see with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.

26. You verify the words of the Prophets, being like your fore fathers, of whom Isaiah saith, that though they have their Natural faculties of seeing, hearing and understanding, yet they have willfully so indisposed and corrupted them, that as to the knowledge and obedience of God, they are as if they had neither Eyes, Ears▪ or Understanding, from whence it is that my resisted and rejected Grace doth not Convert and heal them.

28. Be it known therefore unto you, that the salvation of God is sent unto the Gentiles, and that they will hear it.

28. Be it known to you that the Christ whom you reject shall be Preached to the Gentiles, and they will believe in him and receive him for their Savior; And Christ will set up among them the Catholic Church, and Kingdom of God, which you reject and shall therefore be none of yours, that boasted in your expectations of it.

29. And when he had said these words, the Jews departed, and had great reasonings among themselves▪

29. Note, But so many of them believed both at Rome, Jerusalem and many Countrys as were a considerable part of the Christian Church at that time: And within four hundred years, Christianity was the professed National Religion in Judea.

30. And Paul dwelt two whole years in his own hired house, and received all that came in unto him, 31. Preaching the kingdom of God, and teaching those things which concern the Lord Jesus Christ, with all confidence no man forbidding him.

30. And Paul was so free a Prisoner, that he was allowed to live in his own hired house, and there for two years received all, how many soever great or small, who came to him, Preaching even in Imperious Rome the Kingdom of God, as Ruling Souls to Salvation by the Redeemer, Teaching all the Doctrines and Practices of Christianity, (the History of Christ his Person, Office, Acts, Grace and Glory;) and this with all boldness and freedom, NO MAN FORBIDDING HIM, silencing him, or condemning them for Conventicles, or any way hindering him, even in Proud, Powerful, Heathen Rome : When the Religious Jewish Priests and Rulers, hunted Christ's Ministers as Blood-hounds, forbidding them to Preach to the Gentiles that they might be saved, and so wrath is come upon them to the uttermost, as it will in due time on all that imitate them.

Note, 1. What Paul Preached: not vain jangling, or envious railing, but the Kingdom of God, and the things concerning Jesus Christ and Salvation.

2. Where: In Rome, and in his own hired house.

3. To whom: To all that come to him.

4. How long: Two years, at that time.

5. How: with all confidence, openness and boldness.

6. How tolerated: No man, Emperor or Senate or inferior Officer▪ Soldiers or Magistrates, Priests or People hindering or forbidding him, in the Capital Heathen City of the World, which yet was devoted to Idolatry, and capvated the Church of God both Jews and Gentiles. But had Paul Preached immorality, Rebellion, abusive injury to others▪ no doubt they would have punished him: And verily many Preachers whose Doctrine is tolerable, are so abusive in false reviling Application, that we may say, some Orthodox Churches have need of Church Justices to keep the peace.