Annotations on the Pentateuch - Psalms - Song of Songs

Annotations.

THe second book] to wit, of Psalms. For though they be all compiled in one volume, (as were also the small Prophets) which thereupon is called The book of the Psalms, Act. 1. 20. (as, The book of the Prophets, Act. 7. 42.) yet in the Hebrew there are five books; the first reacheth to the end of the 41. Psalm fore-going, which is concluded with Amen and Amen. The second, to the 72. Psalm, concluded also with Amen Amen, and the end of David's Prayers. The third reacheth to the 89. Psalm, concluded likewise with Amen and Amen. The fourth unto the 106. Psalm, whose conclusion is Amen, Hallelujah. The fifth, unto the 150 Psalm, ended with Hallelujah.

Vers. 1. Korach] this was the Levite that rose up and rebelled against Moses and Aaron, for which [unspec 1] God destroyed him and his family, and all that took part with him, Numb. 16. Howbeit, there were of his sons that died not, Numb. 26. 11. departing (as it seemeth) from their fathers tents, as all were counseled, Numb. 16. 24, 26. Of his race came Samuel the Prophet, and Heman his nephew was a singer, 1 Chron. 6. 33. To those sons of Korah, this and sundry other Psalms are commended; which for the most part are songs of comfort, against afflictions and sorrows. The Chaldee expoundeth the title thus, To laud with good understanding by the hands of the sons of Korah.

Vers. 2. As the Hind] or the Hart, a beast thirsty by nature, and whose thirst is increased when [unspec 2] she is hunted. The Hind, the female is here meant, as the word annexed, she brayeth, and the Greek article heel 〈…〉 manifest. And in females the passions are stronger than in males. desirously brayeth] in Greek, desireth. This word is used but here, and in Joel 1. 20. O Lord, the beasts of the field bray also unto thee.

Vers. 3. thirsteth] that is, earnestly desireth: So Psal. 63. 2. Of thirst for God's grace and spirit, see [unspec 3] Isa. 55. 1. John. 7. 37. Rev. 22. 17. the living God] so called here, because he is the well of living (that is, of continual springing) waters, Ier. 17. 13. abundantly refreshing those that come to him. Or, living, is opposed to the dead, that is, false God's, Psal. 106. 28. 1 Thess. 1. 9. ye turned from idols to serve the living and true God. Or living, that is, lively, powerful, effectual; as Psalm. 38. 20. Hebr. 10. 31. the Chaldee saith, living and permanent. before the face of God] that is, before his Ark or Tabernacle wherein he dwelt among men. So, that which in 1 Chron. 13. 10. is before God; in 2 Sam. 6. 7. is, with the Ark of God. And there all men were bound to appear (or be seen) before God three times a year, Exod. 23. 17. and 34. 23, 24. And here the word before or unto, is to be understood, as often in the Hebrew, which sometime is supplied; as may be seen by comparing 2 Sam. 10. 2. with 1 Chron. 19. 2. and 1 King. 22. 29. with 2 Chron. 18. 28. The Chaldee expoundeth it, when shall I go in to see the brightness of the Majesty (or Divine presence) of the LORD.

Vers. 4. to me bread] that is, my bread, my food. [unspec 4] So, bread of tears, Psal. 80. 6. they say] my foes, as verse. 11. or while it is said. all the day] or, every day, as the Greek turneth it.

Vers. 5. These things] namely my absence from [unspec 5] God's face, verse. 3. and my adversaries reproach, verse. 4. The Chaldee addeth, These signs I remember. pour out upon me] or shed within me, or by myself. This noteth exceeding sorrow, or fainting, like that in Job 30. 16. And now my soul poureth out it self upon me, and the days of affliction have took bold on me. So 1 Sam. 1. 15. Lam. 2. 12. throng] a multitude preasing to go before God: the Chaldee expoundeth it a shadow, saying, When shall I go under the shadow, shall I together be strengthened in the tents of the just, in the house of the Sanctuary of the Lord, &c. keeping festivitie] or, with a multitude dancing, or keeping a feast. For at their solemn assemblies they kept feasts, Exod. 23. 14. with dancing, eating, drinking and joy, Exod. 32. 5, 6, 19. Judge. 21. 19, 21. Deu. 16. 14, 15.

Vers. 6. Why lowest thou down] to wit, with sorrow; [unspec 6] and therefore the Greek turneth it, why art thou sorrowful? For Sorrow or Care in a man's heart boweth it down, but a good word rejoiceth it, Prov. 12. 25. the salvations] understand, and, or for the salvations, that is, the full salvation, or perfect deliverance: So the Chaldee saith, for the redemption which is from his face. of his face] that is, which his face, favor, and gracious presence giveth unto me. The Greek readeth thus; the salvation of my face and my God; transplacing the Hebrew letters, as in the last verse. Compare Psal. 59. 10, 18.

Vers. 7. for that I remember] and cannot come [unspec 7] before thee; as, verse. 3. or, therefore I will mind thee, seeing I have no way else to comfort me in my absence from thee. The Chaldee referreth it to others, therefore they remember thee which dwell on the other side of Jordan. the land of Jordan] which lay eastward from Jerusalem where God's Sanctuary was, and Hermonim] that is, the inhabitants, (or the mountains) of Hermon, which was a high mount in the North parts of the land, called also mount Shirjon: See Psal. 29. 6. the little mount] so is the Greek: others make it a proper name, Mount Mitsar. He may mean the southern mountains, that were small in respect of Hermon. Mount being put for mounts, as chariot, for chariots, Psal. 20. 8. But the Chaldee much differeth, saying, and the people which received the law at mount Sinai (wich is) low and little. But that seemeth not to be meant here.

Vers. 8. Deepe unto deep calleth] that is, one [unspec 8] Affliction (or temptation) followeth and occasioneth another, without intermission of trouble. A deep abisme, or Gulf, is a place of many waters, signifying great afflictions, Ezek. 26. 19. Ion. 2. 5. The Chaldee translateth, the higher deep calleth the lower deep. billows] such are most dangerous to drown: they have their name of breaking as the next word waves, of wallowing or tumbling; both signify afflictions. So Psal. 88. 8. Ion. 2. 3.

Vers. 9. command his mercy] that is, appoint, or send it with speed, power, and authority: a phrase taken [unspec 9] from the Law, and often used for more vehemency: or because God by his Angels procureth good to his people, Deut. 28. 8. Levite. 25. 21. 2 Sam. 17. 14. So after, in Psal. 44. 5. and 133. 3. and 71. 3. and 68. 29. and 7. 7. and 91. 11. his song] that is, cause and matter for me to sing him praise. So God is said to give songs in the night, Job 35. 10. See also Isa. 30. 29. a prayer] to wit, I shall make a prayer. And some Psalms are entitled prayers, as Psal. 17. 1. and 90. 1. and 102. 1. and 142. 1. Habak. 3. 1.

Vers. 10. sad] mournful. See Psal. 35. 14. [unspec 10] [unspec 11]

Vers. 11. with a murdering weapon] Retsach, murder, seemeth here to be a sword or weapon of murdering; (as pride is a proud person, Psalm. 36. 12.) meaning that his adversaries words did sorely affect and grieve him, as if a dagger had been thrust into his bones. For, reproachful words are piercing like swords, Psal. 57. 5. and 59. 8.

Vers. 12. salvations of my face] that is, he which [unspec] giveth me full manifest and apparent salvation, or present deliverance. See before, verse. 6. according to which the Chaldee translateth it here, for the redemption which is from his face.

Annotations.

IVdge me] This meaneth an examination of the [unspec 1] cause, giving sentence, and executing of it, by delivering the oppressed: so judging is used for delivering, 1 Sam. 24. 15. 2 Sam. 18. 19, 31. Judge. 3. 10. Pleading also ones plea is of like meaning: see Psal. 35. 1. The Chaldee paraphraseth, Judge me O God with judgment of truth, for it is thy part to plead my plea.

Vers. 2. my strength] or my strong fort, as Psal. [unspec 2] 28. 8. for which in Psal. 42. 10. he useth the word Rock.

Vers. 3. dwelling places] meaning the holy Tabernacle [unspec 3] or Sanctuary, which had several rooms, holy and most holy, parted by veils; as also the Apostle observeth, Hebr. 9. 2, 3, 6, 7. or, the high place at Gibeon where the tabernacle was, & in Jerusalem where the Ark was, 2 Chro. 1. 3, 4. for in both those places God dwelt, and was worshipped. But the first seemeth most proper, because of Psal. 132. 5. See also Psal. 46. 5. and 84. 2. The Chaldee explaineth the former to be the mount of the house of thy Sanctuary; and these latter, the Schools of the house of thy divine Majesty. By Schools meaning such places about the Sanctuary as the Doctors sat in, Luk. 2. 46.

Vers. 4. And I will come] or, That I may come, [unspec 4] for so the Hebrew phrase may often be resolved; and the New Testament useth both indifferently in the Greek, as Luk. 6. 37. and ye shall not be judged; for which in Matth. 7. 1. it is, that ye be not judged. to the Altar] Chaldee, to offer an offering upon the Altar. the joy of my gladness] that is, author of my gladsome joy, meaning inward joy, outwardly showing it self in gladsome gesture.

Vers. 5. why bowest &c.] This verse is the same [unspec 5] with Psal. 42. 12. of my face] the Chaldee explaineth it, for the redemption which is from his face, for he is my God.

Annotations.

DIspossesse] or disinherit the nations, meaning the [unspec 3] Canaanites as the Chaldee explaneth it, Thou by thy strong hand didst cast out the people's of Canaan, and plantedst the house of Israel. See examples hereof in the Amorites, Numb. 21. 32. and the other Kings of Canaan, Ios. 12. seven nations greater and mightier than Israel, Deut. 7. 1. plantedst them] to wit, our fathers, the Israelites, as Exod. 15. 17. a figure taken from the planting of vines, whereof see Psal. 80. 9, &c. the people's] that dwelt before in Canaan. So Psal. 106. 34. didst propagate] or send forth, make spread, as the vine sendeth out or dispreadeth the branches, Psal. 80. 12. Ezek. 17. 6.

Vers. 4. light of thy face] thy favorable countenance in Christ: See the note on Psal. 4. 7. and [unspec 4] 89. 16.

Vers. 5. thou art he] that is, Thou art the same [unspec 5] my King, (as the Greek expresseth it:) this noteth God's unchangeableness. See Psal. 102. 28. command] procure by thy commandment. See Psal. 42. 9. salvations of Jacob] that is, the full salvation (the absolute deliverance) of thy weak people the posterity of Jacob. See Psal. 14. 7.

Vers. 6. push with the horn] a speech taken from [unspec 6] Moses, Deut. 33. 17. and meaneth a vanquishing or subduing, 1 King. 22. 11. Dan. 84. tread down] or tread underfoot, which signifieth both a subduing or destroying, 2 Chron. 22. 7. and a contempt or setting them at naught, Prov. 17. 7. and so the Greek here translateth it, we shall set at naught. So after in Psal. 60. 14. and 108. 14.

Vers. 9. In God, we praised] to wit, his actions, [unspec 9] salvations &c. See a like phrase in Psalm. 56. 5. 11. and Psal. 71. 6. Or understand, we praised ourselves, that is, gloried, triumphed. And thus the Greek, In God we shall be praised; the Chaldee saith, In the word of our God.

Vers. 12. sheep for meat] or, of meat, that is, to [unspec 12] be eaten. So after, verse. 23. sheep of slaughter, that is, to be slain. fannest] or dispersest, strowest abroad, as the fan that winnoweth, Ier. 4. 11. and 51. 2. So after in Psal. 106. 27.

Vers. 13. for no wealth] that is, for a vile price, [unspec 13] without gain. God is said to sell his people, when he delivereth them into their enemies hands, as out of his own possession. So Deut. 32. 30. Likewise in Isaiah 52. 3. the Lord saith, ye have been sold for naught, and ye shall be redeemed without money. increasest not] or gainest not by the prices of them; takest no other people in their stead: or increasest, that is, hightenest not their price.

Vers. 15. a parable] a by-word, or proverb. This [unspec 15] is often used for grave, wise, and princely sentences; as Psalm. 49. 5. here in the ill part for a by-word, reproach and fable: so Psal. 69. 12. Job 17. 6. And thus is fulfilled that which was threatened, Deut. 28. 37. 1 King. 9. 7. Jer. 24. 9. nodding of the head] that is, a mockage, Psal. 22. 8. 9.

Vers. 17. taunter] or blasphemer, Num. 15. 30. [unspec 17] [unspec]

Vers. 20. of Dragons] or, of whale fishes. For the Hebrew word is common both for land and water-dragons or whales. So Psal. 148. 7. And hereby is meant the place of desolation and affliction, as the Greek here translateth it: See Mal. 1. 3. Isa. 34. 13. Ier. 9. 11. and 10. 22. Job 30. 29. with the shade] or, in the shade: see Psalm. 23. 4.

Vers. 2 • . spread out our hands] or our palms, that is, have prayed unto: for in prayer they spread out [unspec 21] the palms of their hands, as to receive a blessing from God, 1 King. 8. 22. Exod 9. 29. Psal. 143. 6. So the Chaldee explaineth it, spread out our hands in prayer, to the idols of other people's.

Vers. 23. But for thee] or, For, for thy sake, that is, so far we be from following strange gods, as [unspec 23] that for thy sake we are killed daily. And this also is a comfort in affliction. See Rom. 8. 36.

Vers. 24. Stir up] to wit, thyself. These things are spoken of God after the manner of men, for [unspec 24] properly, he that keepeth Israel, slumbereth not, nor sleepeth, Psal. 121. 4.

Vers. 26. to the dust] this noteth a base and abject state, Psal. 113. 7. like this is the soul cleaving [unspec 26] to the dust, Psal. 119. 25. and putting the mouth in the dust, Lam. 3. 29.

Vers. 27. an helpfulness] that is, a full help. The Hebrew hath a letter more than ordinary, to increase [unspec 27] the signification. So Psal. 63. 8. and 94. 17. See the notes on Psal. 3. 3.

Annotations.

SHoshannim] that is, Six-stringed instruments: [unspec 1] for so by comparison with other titles it seemeth here to be meant of musical instruments: as Shalishim, be •••• e-stranged instruments, 1 Sā. 18. 6. Else-where it signifieth six-leaved flowers, that is, Lilies, as Song 2. 6. w ^ch may also be minded here. The Hebrew word is derived of S •••• , that is, Six. •• ke title is in Psal. 69. 1. & 80. 1. The Chaldee expoundeth it, for them that sit in the Synedrion (or Council) of Moses, which was spoken in prophesy by th • 〈◊〉 of Korah. of the well-beloved virgins] Kings daughters and other honorable damosels attending upon and coming with the Queen; the friends of the bridegroom and bride, verse 10. 15. who should sing this marriage-song in praise of them. Therefore this Hymn setteth forth Christ in his glory, and his Spouse the Church in her beauty. For Christis the Bridegroom, and Jerusalem the Bride, John. 3. 29. Rev. 21. 9, 10. all true Christians are Virgins, for their spiritual chastity, Rev. 14. 1, 4. following and loving the Lamb, for the sweet odour of his Name or Gospel, Song 1. 2. and are beloved of him, and have this new song of praise put into their mouths. Of him is this Psalm, as the Apostle expoundeth it, Heb. 1. 8.

Vers. 2. hath boiled] or frieth, boileth as in a frying [unspec 2] pan, that is, hath studied and prepared by servant meditation. A similitude taken from the Mincah or meat-offering in the law which was dressed in the frying pan, Levite. 7. 9. and there boiled in oil, being made of fine flower unleavened, mingled with oil, Levite. 2. 5. and after was presented to the Lord by the Priest, verse. 8. &c. Here the matter of this Psalm is as the Mincah or oblation, which with the oil, the grace of the spirit, was boiled and prepared in the Prophets heart, and now presented. So the Psal. 141. is likewise compared to the Mincah or oblation presented at evening, Ps. 141. 2. This word is not elsewhere read in the scripture. a good word] an excellent, sweet and pleasant matter. A word is used often for a thing or matter, Psal. 41. 9. here it is for the whole argument of this Psalm, I do say] or, I am saying, that which fervently boileth in me. For of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh. my works to the King] or my poems of the King; that is, of Christ; concerning him, and dedicated to him is this Psalm, or Dittie. my tongue, the pen] understand, it is as the pen; or prayer wise, be it as the pen. The Chaldee addeth, my tongue shall speak swiftly, as the pen, &c. of a speedy writer] or, of a swift (a ready) Scribe. So Ezra was called not only for writing, but also for interpreting the law, Ezr. 7. 6. Scribes were both Scriveners or Notaries, 2 King. 12. 10. and 22. 3. and expositors of the Law, or Counsellers, Mat. 23. 2. 1 Chron. 27. 32.

Vers. 3. thou art much fairer] The Hebrew word is of double form, to note out double, that is, [unspec 3] very excellent beauty. This fairness is not of body only, but of mind, in wisdom, holiness, &c. as in Ezek. 28. 7. there is mentioned beauty of wisdom. Here the Psalmist beginneth his speech to Christ and of his praises: which the Chaldee paraphrast explaineth thus; thy fairness O King Christ, exceedeth the sons of men. See the description of Christ's spiritual beauty in Song 5. 10,—16. grace is poured out in thy lips] that is, thou speakest gracious words abundantly. Christ's lips were like lilies dropping down pure myrrh, Song 5. 13. all that heard him speak wondered at the words of grace that proceeded out of his mouth, Luk. 4. 22. The Chaldee expoundeth it, The Spirit of prophesy is given into thy lips. therefore] to the end that thou shouldest pour out thy gracious words to men: or because God hath blessed thee.

Vers. 4. Gird thy sword] that is, make ready [unspec 4] to the fight, Exod. 32. 27. 1 Sam. 25. 13. Song 3. 8. The spiritual sword is the word of God, Eph. 6. 17. Therefore Christ's sword properly cometh out of his mouth, Rev. 1. 16. and with the breath of his lips shall he slay the wicked, Isa. 11. 4. upon the thigh] understand thy thigh. The Hebrew often omitteth words of this sort easy to be understood; so the Greek in the New Testament, as mending the nets, Mark. 1. 19. or mending their nets, Mat. 4. 21. to put away, Mark. 10. 4. for, to put her away, Mat. 19. 7. and many the like. O mighty one] or Champion; Heb. Gibbor, one of the titles of Christ, Isa. 9. 6. The Chaldee paraphraseth, as a mighty one to kill kings and rulers. thy glorious Majesty] this showeth of what manner sword he speaketh, called glory and comliness, or magnificence, because of the powerful effects. Of these words, see Psal. 8. 2. 6.

Vers. 5. prosper ride] that is, ride prosperously: see the like phrase, Psal. 51. 4. The Chaldee openeth [unspec 5] it thus; Thine honor is great, therefore thou shalt prosper, to ride upon the throne of the kingdom. on word of truth] which is the Gospel of our salvation, Eph. 1. 13. the white Horse whereon Christ rideth, Rev. 19. 11. or because of truth; for the truths sake. The Hebrew all debar is often used for because, Psal. 79. 9. Gen. 43. 18. Deut 22. 24. and so the Greek version hath it here. of meekness] so Christ came riding meek, Mat. 21. 5. and his word is both to be taught and to be received with meekness, 2 Tim. 2. 25. I am. 1. 21. and of justice] or, meekness of justice, that is, justice meekly administered: but the Greek supplieth the word and. shall teach thee] or, let it teach thee fearful things. In the Greek it is, thy right hand will guide thee marvelously.

Vers. 6. Thy arrows] that is, thy words whereby thou convincest and beatest down sin and [unspec 6] sinners. So the rider on the white Horse hath a bow when he goeth to conquer, Rev. 6. 2. Arrows are words, Psal. 64. 4. or judgments, Deut. 32. 23. and the Chaldee here addeth, Thine arrows are drawn out to kill multitudes. in the heart] understand, they pierce the heart of the kings enemies. And this noteth the efficacy of these words or judgments, as elsewhere he saith, I will send all my plagues upon thy heart, Exod. 9. 14. also their inward operation which is mighty, dividing asunder the soul & the spirit, discerning the intents of the heart, casting down imaginations & bringing into captivity every thought, Heb. 4. 12. 2 Cor. 10 4. 5.

Vers. 7. Thy throne O God] The Chaldee addeth, [unspec 7] in heaven. Here Christ our King is magnified as God above the Angels, as the Apostle showeth, Heb. 1. 8. But unto the Son he saith, thy throne O God is forever. &c. Hereby also is meant the perpetuity of Christ's kingdom. So 1 Chron. 22. 10. 2. Sam. 7. 16. a scepter of righteousness] or, a rod (a mace) of equity, plain and righteous in administration. hath anointed thee] of this Hebrew Mashach, hath anointed, our Lord is called Mashiach or Messias, and in Greek Christ, that is, Anointed: see Psal. 2. 2. oil of joy] the holy Ghost which joyeth the heart, Luk. 4. 18. 1 Thes. 1. 6. above thy fellows] that is, above all Christians who are thy fellows, consorts, and partners in the anointing, 1 John. 2. 20, 27. who are also made Kings and Priests, Rev. 5. 10. and with whom thou hast taken part of flesh and blood, Heb. 2. 14. Or by fellows, may be meant all kings and potentates whom he excelleth, Psal. 89. 28.

Vers. 9. Myrrh] named of the Hebrew word [unspec 9] Mor, and is the gum or liquor of a tree, in taste bitter, in smell odoriferous; therefore it was used in the precious ointment of the high priest, and Tabernacle, Exod. 30. 21. and in other sweet perfumes. Est. 2. 12. Prov. 7. 17. See Song 4. 14. and 5. 1. 13. Aloes] of the Hebrew name Ahaloth, a sweet wood wherewith perfumes were also made, Num. 21. 7. Song 4. 14. The Arabians call it, tsandal. Cassia] or Cassies, also of the Hebrew Ketsioth, elsewhere it is not found in Scripture. It seemeth to be the barks or skins of that sweet shrub Casia mentioned in Pliny, lib. 12. cap. 20. all thy garments] that is, they be of them, or smell of them, or are anointed with them: or, as the Chaldee paraphraseth, are perfected with them. out of the Ivory palaces] or palaces of Elephants tooth; as the Chaldee here addeth the name of the Elephant, meaning that either the King cometh out of them, or, the garments were taken out of such palaces or costers. Kings palaces were sometime made of Ivorie or tooth, 2 King. 22. 39. more than they that make thee joyful] or, than theirs that make thee glad: that is, thy garments are more odoriserous, than the garments of thy fellows, forementioned verse 8. For though the Spouse or Church hath the savor of her odors, better than all spices, & the smell of her garments as the odour of Lebanon, she being perfumed with myrrh, and incense, and all spices of the merchant, Song 4. 10, 11. and 3. 6. yet Christ himself is more odoriferous, even wholly delectable, for God hath not given him the spirit by measure, Song 1. 2. and 5. 16. John. 3. 34. And the Saints are said to make Christ joyful, for all his delight is in them, Psal. 16. 3. Song 7. 6.

Vers. 10. Kings daughters] These the Chaldee interpreteth Countries of Kingdoms. among [unspec 10] thy precious ones] that is, with thy honorable women: or, in thy preciousness, that is, are in thy precious honorable ornaments, or palaces. set is the Queen] or, married Queen (the wife) is placed at thy right hand, that is, in the most honorable place, 1 King. 2. 19. The Chaldee referreth this to the Book of the Law, at the right hand of the King. The word Shegal is used here, and Neh. 2. 6. Dan. 5. 23. for the Kings wife, the Queen. in fine gold] that is, as the Greek explaineth it, cloth of fine (or glistering) gold, called Cethem; a special name for the most pure and splendent gold, Job 28. 16. 19. and 31. 24. Song 5. 11. Daniel 10. 5. Her of is Mictam, Ps. 16. 1. of Ophir] that is, out of the land of Ophir, who was the son of Iektan, the son of Shē, the son of Noah, Gen. 10. 29. who dwelt in a part of India, & of him the country was called Ophir: from thence was much Cethem or fine gold brought to Judea and other coasts, as appeareth 1 King. 9. 28. and 10. 11. and 22. 48. 1 Chron. 29. 4. The gold it self was called by his name Ophir: Job 22. 24.

Vers. 11. Hear O daughter] He speaketh to [unspec 11] the Queen fore-mentioned, siguring the church, or heavenly Jerusalem, the Lambs wife, Rev. 21. 9, 10, &c. And so the Chaldee paraphraseth, Hear O congregation of Israel, the law of his mouth, and see his marvelous works: and bow thine ear to the words of the Law, and forget the evil works of the wicked of thy people, and the house of Idols whom thou servedst in thy fathers house. and thy fathers house] As man and wife must leave their parents, to cleave each to other, Gen. 4. 24. and 31. 14. so must we leave all, to cleave unto Christ, Matt. 10. 37. Luk. 14. 26.

Vers. 12. will covet thy beauty] will delight him-self [unspec 12] in thy fairness, (thy sanctity;) set forth in Song 1. 14. and 2. 14. and 4. 1, &c. So the King is tied in the rafters, Song 7. 5. and bow down] or, therefore worship thou him.

Vers. 13. the daughter of Tyrus] that is, the people, or Common-wealth of Tyre; as daughter of [unspec 13] Zion, Psal. 9. 15. So the Chaldee expoundeth it, They that dwell in the fort of Tyrus. Tyre or Tyrus (in Hebrew Tsor, which signifieth a Rock or Fortress;) was a strong city appertaining to the tribe of Aser, Ios. 19. 29. but possessed still by the heathens, whose King Hiram became friend to David, 2 Sam. 5. 11. and to Solomon his son, 1 King. 5. 1, 2, &c. yet afterwards Tyrus remembered not the brotherly covenant, Amos 1. 9. but rejoiced at the desolation of Jerusalem, Ezek. 26. 2. banded it self with other enemies against Israel, Psal. 83. 8. & was wasted of Nebuchadnezzar King of Babel, by God's judgment, 70. years, Isaiah. 23. 15. Ezek. 26. 7. It continued under idols till the Maccabees times, and then had still Hercules for their chief God, 2 Mac. 4. 18, 19. This one city Tyre is here named instead of other nations, because it was the chief city of traffic in the world, being an I will in the sea, whose merchandize and magnificence the Prophet largely describeth, Ezek. 27. her merchants were princes, her chapmen the nobles of the world, Isaiah. 23. 8. she heaped up silver as dust, and gold as the mire of the streets, Zach. 9. 3. Of the subjection here prophesied, which they should yield unto the Church, we may see it fulfilled in the New Testament, where many that dwelt about Tyre and Sidon flocked after Christ, Mark. 3. 8. and he resorted into their borders, Mark. 7. 24. and by their readiness, he upbraided the backwardness of the Jews, Mat. 11. 20, 21. and afterwards in the Apostle • days there was a Church of zealous Christians in that city, Act. 21. 3, 4, 5, &c. See also Psal. 87. 4. carnestly beseeke thy face] shall instantly pray (or sue) unto thee O Queen. The original word naturally signifieth to make sick or sory, and being joined with the word face (which oft is used for anger) it meaneth, to abate the anger by importunate prayer and by humble suit to prevail. So after, Psal. 119. 58. rich of the people] the wealthy among them, meaning of the Tyrians, which were a wealthy nation, and generally other people's. See Esa. 60. 1, 3, 5, 11. and 49. 23. Rev. 21. 24, 26. where the riches and honor of the Gentiles are brought to the Church.

Vers. 14. glorious within] or, honorable inward, [unspec 14] in the heart adorned with faith, hope, love, &c. or in the inner man, as Eph. 3. 16. Here the Chaldee maketh this paraphrase; Every thing that is praise-worthy, fair & to be desired, the wealth of countries and treasuries of Kings, which are laid up within, shall they offer for oblations before the King, and gifts unto the Priests, whose garments are woven with fine gold. purled works] or grounds, closures of gold, such as precious stones are set in, Exod. 28. 11, 14. Compare also herewith, Ezek. 16. 13.

Vers. 15. In embroideries] with broidered (or [unspec 15] needle wrought) garments. Hereby is meant the variety of graces, and embroidery of the spirit. So Ezek. 16. 10.

Vers. 17. Instead of thy fathers.] Here the Hebrew [unspec 17] is of the masculine gender: so these words are spoken to the King. Though sometime the masculine is used in speech of women, as Num. 27. 7. So lahem 1 King. 22. 17. lahen 2 Chron. 18. 16. shall be thy sons] thy children shall succeed, meaning either all Christias, that by the immortal seed of the word are begotten to Christ & his Church, he being the father, this the mother of us all, Isa. 9. 6. Gal. 4. 26. or in special, the Apostles may be intended. See Heb. 2. 13. shalt put them] shalt place, constitute, or appoint them for Princes: As all Christians are called Kings, Rev. 1. 6. and 5. 10. Or in special, by the Fathers may be meant the 12 Patriarchs, by the sons, the 12 Apostles succeeding them, as the heavenly Jerusalem hath at the 12 gates, the names of the 12 tribes, and in the foundations of the wall, the names of the lambes 12 Apostles, Rev. 21. 12, 14. which Apostles were sent into all the nations of the world, Mat. 28. 19. to go and bring forth fruit, and their fruit to remain, John. 15. 16. Like this is the promise made for Sarah, that Kings of people's should come of her, Gen. 17. 16.

Vers. 18. I will make memory] will mention and [unspec 18] make to be remembered. The inditer of this Psalm speaketh this to Christ, and of his eternal kingdom and glory. shall confess thee] shall celebrate, or praise thee. The Hebrew is Iehodu, of it Iehudah had his name, Gen. 29. 35. from which name his blessing was derived, thou art Judah thy brethren (Iodu) shall confess thee, Gen. 49. 8. This here is fitly applied to Christ the Lion of the tribe Judah, Revel. 5. 5. and aye] or, and to perpetuity.

Annotations.

ON Alamoth] This seemeth to be some musical instrument, [unspec 1] or tune, 1 Chron. 15. 20. 〈◊〉 We may call it Uirginals, or Virgin tunes having high and shrill voices or notes: for Alamoth signifieth also Virgins, Song 1. 2. The original word Alam signifieth Hid: whereupon the Greek translateth it here, kruphioon, hidden ones, or hid things. And the Chaldee after mention of the sons of Korah, addeth, by their hand was it spoken in prophesy, at what time their father was hidden from them, but they were delivered and said this song. If it be not referred to the music, it seemeth rather to intend the hid counsels of God appertaining to his Church in Christ.

Vers. 2. we shall find] to wit, an help: or in distresses that we shall find; as in Ps. 116. 3. distress and [unspec 2] sorrow I did find; that is, did feel, or fall into. And thus the Greek saith here, in tribulations that have found us vehemently. Or we may translate it, he is found, that is, God is present, at hand; as in Gen. 19. 15. thy daughters which are found, that is, which are present. very great] or very mighty, vehement.

Vers. 3. though the earth] or, when the earth [unspec 3] change, to wit, her place. By the changing of the earth, and removing of the mounts, are often meant the alteration of states and polities, Hag. 2. 22, 23. Revel. 6. 14. Ier. 51. 25. heart of the seas] that is, the midst, or deepest bottoms of them; as the Chaldee expoundeth it, the gulf of the great sea. The like phrase is in Exod. 15. 8. Io • . 2. 3. Prov. 23. 34.

Vers. 4. be muddy] or cast up mud, that is, rage, or [unspec 4] be troubled, as the Greek translateth it, Waters, are people's, Rev. 17. 15. Ier. 47. 2. and their restless stir is likened to the seas that cast up mire and dirt, and foam out their own shame, Isa. 57. 20. Jude verse 13. for the haughtiness] the proud swelling rage and surges.

Vers. 5. A river, the streams thereof] or, There [unspec 5] is a flood, whose riverets (or streams.) In the earthly Jerusalem this may be meant of the river Kidron, 2 Sam. 15. 23. Job 18. 1. and the streams or lesser rivers of Gibon and Shiloah, 2 Chron. 32. 4, 30. Isa. 8. 6. In the heavenly Jerusalem, there is a pure river of the water of life, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb, Rev. 22. 1. Ezek. 47. 1. &c. See also Joel 3. 18. Gen. 2. 10. Psal. 65. 10. But as waters sometimes signifieth people's, so here the Chaldee paraphraseth, people's as floods, & the streams of them shall come & make glad the city of God, and shall pray in the house of the Sanctuary of the Lord, in the tabernacles of the most high. the city of God] that is, Jerusalem; called also the city of the great King, Psal. 48. 3. the city of Jehovah, Isa. 60. 14. the holy city, Isaiah 52. 1. Matth. 4. 5 the holy] meaning the holy place Zion, or the Sanctuary there. dwelling places] or habitacles; see Psal. 43. 3. Isaiah 4. 5.

Vers. 6. at the looking forth of the morning] that is, as the Greek explaineth it, very early, when the [unspec 6] morning peereth, or showeth the face. The like phrase is in Exod. 14. 27. Judge. 19. 26. and so of the looking forth of the evening, Gen. 24. 63. Deut. 23. 11.

Vers. 7. gave his voice] that is, spake aloud, or thundered; See Psal. 18. 14. or, gave with his voice: [unspec 7] but the word with or in, seemeth to be superfluous in the Hebrew, as else-where, Ier. 12. 8. Psal. 68. 34. So to seek in Jehovah, 2 Chron. 34. 26. is to seek Jehovah, 2. King. 22. 18. The Chaldee referreth it to God's voice on mount Sinai; whe • the gave the Law to his people, the nations were troubled, the kingdoms trembled. melted] that is, was dismayed with fear. So Psal. 75. 4. and 107. 26. Exod. 15. 15. Amos 9. 5, 13. Ios. 2. 9.

Vers. 10. chariots] or round shields, as both the Greek and Chaldee Paraphrast here taketh it: but [unspec 10] else-where it is not to found, but for wagons very often.

Vers. 11. Surcease] or, Leave off: see Psal. 37. 8. The Chaldee expounds it of Surceasing from wars. [unspec 11]

Annotations.

CLap hands] or the Palms; Hebrew, the palm: a sign of joyful approbation, used as at other [unspec 2] times, so at the coronation of Kings, 2 King. 11. 12. So after Psalm. 98. 8. voice of 〈…〉 ing] that is, a shrill voice and joyful. See the notes on Psalm. 5. 12. and 41. 12.

Vers. 4. He hath subdued, or, will subdue: So in [unspec 4] the next verse, He will choose; but the time to come is often used for the time past or continued. And here it seemeth to be spoken of the subduing of the Canaanites, and the 〈◊〉 subduing of nations to Christ, by preaching of the Gospel. Of subduing, see Psal. 18. 48. the Chaldee here translateth it, kill.

Vers. 5. our inheritance] the land of Canaan, [unspec 5] Psal. 78. 55. and that immortal undefiled heritage reserved in heaven for us, 1 Pet. 1. 4. high excellency] or glorious highness; meaning the kingdom, priest-hood, Temple, &c. (as the Chaldee mentioneth, the house of the Sanctuary:) whereby Jacob's posterity excelled, Ezek. 24. 21. Amos 6. 8. and 8. 7. Nahum 2. 2. and all the heavenly promises given to the Church in Christ.

Vers. 6. God is gone up] as when the • rke went [unspec 6] up from Ki 〈…〉 th-j • arim to Jerusalem, 2 Sam. 6. 15. 1 Chron. 13. 8. and 15. 28. when the Ark was carried by Solomon into the Temple, 2 Chron. 5. when Christ ascended with triumph into heaven, Luke 24 51, 52. and with like glory shall he come again, 1 Ihess. 4. 16. Act. 1. 9, 11. The Chaldee referreth this Going up, to the Exalting of God's name.

Vers. 7. an instructing Psalm] Maschil, the title [unspec 7] of Psal. 32. and many others, here used in like sense for a Psalm to give instruction; or, as in Psal. 14. 2. for a prudent understanding person; in this sense, sing Psalm everyone that is prudent; or, as the Greek explaineth it, sing prudently; the Chaldee, with good understanding.

Vers. 9. throne of his holiness] Greek, his holy [unspec 9] throne. See Psal. 9. 5. Revel. 4. 2. The Chaldee calleth it, the throne of his glory.

Vers. 10. The bounteous Princes] or, the voluntaries, [unspec 10] Nobles: A name given to the liberal and free hearted, Isa. 32. 5. 8. Exod. 35. 21, 29. and to Princes or Nobles, Numb. 21. 18. Psal. 113. 8. and 118. 8. Job 12. 21. So here the Greek hath Princes. are God's] or, to God (belong) the shields of the earth: He is the great conquer our and protector of all, Gen. 15. 1. Shields also are Magistrates and Governors, that protect the Common-weals, Hos. 4. 18. Psal. 89. 19. So the Greek here hath, the strong men of the earth.

Annotations.

SOnnes of Korach] See the notes on Psal. 42. 1. [unspec 1] Here the Greek addeth, for the second (day) of the W 〈…〉 , that this Psalm was then to be sung in the Temple, as is before noted on Psal. 24. 1.

Vers. 2. the mountain] in the Greek, his holy mountain; in Chaldee, the mount of the house of his [unspec 2] Sanctuary. This was mount Zion, verse. 3. a figure of the Church of Christ, Hebr. 12. 22. Rev. 14. 1.

Vers. 3. Faire in situation] or, Beautiful of coast, or climate, situate in a fair climate or region. The [unspec 3] Chaldee expounds • t, Faire as a Bridegroom, the joy of all that dwell on the earth. the sides of the North] the place where the Temple was built. So Isa. 14. 13. of the great King] that is, of God, who dwelt in this city, verse. 9. Zach. 8. 3. Hereupon Christ said, swear not by Jerusalem, for it is the 〈◊〉 of the great King, Mat. 5. 35.

Vers. 4. lofty Palaces] or, high bowers, or steeples. [unspec 4] So verse. 14. and Psal. 122. 7.

Vers. 5. the Kings] we may refer this either to the Kings of Moab and Ammon, in the days of [unspec 5] Jehoshaphat, 2 Chro. 20. or to Sanacherib and his Captains in the days of Hezekiah, 2 King. 18. 19. or to the Philistian Princes, 2 Sam. 5. were assembled] or came together, to wit, by agreement at an appointed time and place; so the original word impor 〈…〉 .

Vers 7. that travelleth with child] or, that bringeth forth. And this pain is great, and sudden, an • [unspec 7] inevitable. See Mic. 4. 9. 1 Thess. 5. 3.

Vers. 8. an east wind] which is strong and boisterous; [unspec 8] also dry and parching, Isa. 27. 8. Ier. 18. 17. Exod. 14. 21. and 10. 13. Gen. 41. 7. Ezek. 19. 12. Ion. 4. 8. Hereupon the Greek translateth it, violent wind; and the Chaldee, a strong East wind, as a fire from before the Lord. of Tarshish] or, of the Ocean sea. Tarshish was the name of the son of Javan, the son of Japheth, the son of Noah, Ger. 10. 4. of whom Tarsus (mentioned in Act. 21. 34.) the chief city of Silicia in Syria had the n • m • . From thence they went by shipping into far countries, Africa, India, Ophir, &c. 1 King. 22. 48. and 10. 22. Hereupon that Sea was called Tarshish; and generally the name is applied to every Ocean, or main sea.

Vers. 10. we have quietly winded] or, in silence [unspec 10] thought upon, and consequently, waited for.

Vers. 12. daughters of Judah] the lesser cities [unspec 12] of that tribe, which were as daughters to the mother city Jerusalem, as the lesser cities of the Ammonites were daughters to Rabbah, Ier. 49. 3. So Ekron with her daughters, Ios. 15. 45. and many the like. So Psal. 97. 8.

Vers. 13. tell the towers] number, count them: [unspec 13] These things seem to intend not only a taking notice, but also a care and fortification of Jerusalem against all enemies. See Isaiah 33. 18.

Vers. 14. Set your heart] mind earnestly, set [unspec 14] your affections on, as Psal. 62. 11. the fort] or strong frontier, • konce, rampart, made for strength and safeguard of the city, 1 King. 21. 23. 2 Sam. 20. 15. So Psal. 122. 7. The Chaldee understands it of the strength of people, the multitude. disti •• tly view] or, lift up, meaning the eyes to behold, or rear up the banks of buildings. The Hebrew Pasgu is here only used; of it is Pisgah, the name of an hill or mount, Numb. 21. 20. and 23. 14. Deut. 3. 17. and 34. 1. The Greek translateth here, distinguish or distribute, following the Chaldee Passeg, which is to distribute or divide.

Vers. 15. ever and aye] ever and yet, to eternity [unspec 15] and perpetuity. will guide us] or lead us, to wit, as a flock of sheep, Psal. 78. 52. 72. therefore the Greek turneth it, poimanei, he will f •• d, or rule as a shepherd. A like phrase is also used in speech of defense from enemies, 2 Chron. 32. 22. until death] in Greek, forever. The Chaldee paraphraseth thus, For this God is our God, his divine Majesty is within it, and his dwelling is in the heavens forever and ever; he will lead us in the days of our youth.

Annotations.

THe transitory world] see Psal. 17. 14. [unspec 2] [unspec 3]

Vers. 3. base man] in Hebrew Adam, who was so called of Adamah the earth, whereupon this title is given to the baser sort of people. The Greek translateth it here earth-borne. So the Apostle saith, the first man of the earth, earthly, 1 Cor. 15. 47. noble man] in Hebrew Ish, which is the name of man in respect of heat, valor, nobleness and dignity, whereby man is, and excelleth; and in opposition to the former word Adam, it meaneth the great or nobler sort of people. The Chaldee paraphraseth thus, Both sons of Adam the first, and sons of Jacob, together righteous and sinner.

Vers. 4. wisdoms] that is, excellent and manifold [unspec 4] wisdom; so after, prudencies, for very excellent prudence, and of sundry sorts. So Solomon calleth the chief and most excellent wisdom, wisdoms, Prov. 1. 20. and 9. 1.

Vers. 5. a parable] or a proverb: in Hebrew Mashal, [unspec 5] which denoteth rule, superiority or excellency because such speeches prevail much in the minds of men, and are in esteem. The New Testament in Greek translateth it, a parable, Matth. 13. 35. from Psa. 78. 2. of the Latin, we name it a Proverb: in old English or Saxon, it was called a big-spel. Sometime it is used in the evil part, for a by-word, Psal. 44. 15. and 69. 12. mine hidden matter] my dark question, or grave doctrine, my riddle. The Hebrew Chidah, riddle, hath the name of sharpness, as proceeding from a sharp wit, and needing the like to expound it. See Judge. 14. 12, 18. Num. 12. 8. 1 King. 10. 1. Prov. 1. 6. The holy Ghost expresseth it in Greek by hidden things, Matth. 13. 35. from Psal. 78. 2.

Vers. 6. Why should I fear] This is the hidden [unspec 6] doctrine or riddle which the Prophet propoundeth, as in his own name, and therefore also called it a parable. By fear, he meaneth dismay or discouragement. See verse. 17. the iniquity] that is, punishment or death, which is the wages of sin; see Psal. 31. 11. and by foot- steps or foot-soles, he meaneth his ways or works. Or, he may call death the punishment of his heels or feet, because the Serpent bruiseth Christ and his people but in the heel, Gen. 3. 15. the sting of death being done away, and it made a passage into life and glory, 1 Cor. 15. 55. 57.

Vers. 7. their wealthy power] their riches; which [unspec 7] are thus called, because they are gotten by power given of God, Deut. 8. 18. with labor and industry; and to the rich, their goods are their strong city, Prov. 10. 15. therefore here they are said to trust in them: contrary to 1 Tim. 6. 17. Job 31. 24. Mark. 10. 24. glory] or praise themselves, vaunt, contrary to Ier. 9. 23.

Vers. 8. not redeeming redeem] that is, shall in [unspec 8] no wise, or not at all redeem. The Chaldee expoundeth it, a wicked man cannot redeeming redeem his captived brother.

Vers 9. So precious shall be] or, And dear (costly) [unspec 9] is: and consequently rare and hard to obtain, as Dan. 2. 11. 1 Sam. 3. 1. of their soul] that is, of their life. So Exod. 21. 30. cease forever] that is, it shall never be accomplished. So ceasing is used for the not doing of a thing, Deut. 23. 22. Zach. 11. 12.

Vers. 10. That he may live] this is referred to the [unspec 10] end of the eight verse, not give his ransom, and so live. And, is here for That; see Psal. 43. 4. The Chaldee expoundeth live, to be the life eternal; & the pi • , to be the judgment of Gehenna (or hell.)

Vers. 11. the wise] The Chaldee saith, For he [unspec 11] shall see wicked wise men that die the second death, and are adjudged to Gehenna. inconstant fool and brutish] these two names are often joined together, as Psal. 92. 7. and 94. 8. the one noting fickleness and mutability, called Cesil, which is both the name of a fool and of a star that causeth change of weather and tempests: (whereupon Solomon speaketh of the restlessness of this kind of folly, Eccles. 7. 27. and of the tumultuousnesse and light behavior of such fools, as having their eyes wandering unto the ends of the earth, Prov. 9. 13. and 17. 24.) the other, noting want of discretion, at brute beasts led with sensuality, and carried with ardent furious affections, 2 Pet. 2. 12. Jude 10. See Psal. 73. 22.

Vers. 12. Their inward thought] or, their meaning purpose. This word signifieth the nearest and [unspec 12] most secret thought or purpose, the heart. See Psal. 5. 10. and 55. 5. and 64. 7. their houses forever] to wit, shall continue: by houses, meaning their children or posterity, as Psal. 115. 12. which they that want, are said to be barren of house, Psal. 113. 9. they proclaim their names on lands] or, they call lands, (their lands, as the Greek explaineth it) by their own names. As the land of Canaan, of Mitsraim, (that is, Egypt) of Asshur, &c. So Absalom called his pillar by his own name, 2 Sam. 18. 18. Cain, his city by his sons name, Gen. 4. 17 thus thinking to make their memory everlasting. Or, they proclaim their names (seeking to be famous) throughout the lands or countries. The Chaldee expoundeth it, they were proud, and got themselves an evil name on earth.

Vers. 13. But man] or And Adam and this may be minded both for the first man Adam, who continued [unspec 13] not in his dignity, & so for all his children: as the Chaldee saith, And the son of man a sinner, abideth not in honor. in honor] being in honor, dignity, or estimation, not lodge a night] or, not continue. The word though it properly signifieth a nights lodging, or abiding, Gen. 28. 11. Exod. 23. 18. yet is used also for longer continuance, Psal. 25. 13. and 55. 8. Zach. 5. 4. The Greek translateth, understandeth not, as the Hebrew also is in verse. 21. are silenced] that is, are cut off, die, or perish: the Greek translateth, are like unto them. The Hebrew word signifieth silence or stillness, not only in speech, but in motion: as, the Sun was still, or silent, when it moved not, Ios. 10. 12, 13. and people destroyed, are said to be silenced, Isa. 15. 1. and the grave or death is called silence, Psal. 115. 17. and things without life are in the Hebrew phrase, dumb, or silent, Hab. 2. 19. Exod. 15. 16.

Vers. 14. inconstant folly to them] that is, is their folly: or, a constant hope to them, that is, is their confidence. [unspec 14] The original word hath contrary significations: inconstant folly, Eccles. 7. 27. and constant hope, Psal. 78. 7. Job. 31. 24. both ways it may here be taken: confident hope, in their own conceit, but indeed folly. The Greek turneth it a seandall, (or stumbling block.) to them and their posterity] or, yet those after them, their successors. their mouth] that is, their words, doctrine, counsel, precepts. The mouth is figuratively used for whatsoever cometh out of the same; as word, or commandment, 1 Sam. 12. 15. Job 39. 30. Num. 9. 20. Deut. 1. 26. Mat. 18. 16. Luke 19. 22. The Chaldee here differeth much, saying, This their way occasioneth folly to them, and in their end with their mouth they shall manifest their sins to the world that is to come.

Vers. 15. they are put] or laid: or, they put, that [unspec 15] is, men put them. An Hebrew phrase, as Luke 12. 20. they shall fetch away thy soul, that is, it shall be fetched away. The like is often used, Psal. 105. 28. and 141. 6. The Hebrew Text it self sometime explaineth this; as, they had anointed David, 2 Sam. 5. 17. that is, David was anointed, 1 Chron. 14. 8. Howbeit the Chaldee taketh it actively, saying, Like sheep they put the just to death and kill them, and crush the Saints, &c. in hell] into a ditch: to the lowest grave or state of death, called Sheol. See the notes on Ps. 16. 10. death shall feed them] as a shepherd shall feed and rule them, as Psal. 78. 72. or death shall feed on them to devour them, as Ier. 50. 19. at the morning] the last day of judgment, for then all that sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake and rise, and the new day of eternal life shall begin. their form] their figure, shape, or image, with all their beauty and proportion: or their rock, that is, their strength, or, (as the Greek saith) their help, that wherein they trust: in Chaldee, their body. The Hebrew Tsur is usually a rock; here it seemeth to be all one with Tsurah, a form or figure: and this is confirmed by the writing, for though by the vowels and reading it is Tsur, yet by the letters it is Tsir, which is an image, Isa. 45. 16. And Tsurum, is for Tsuratham, as tebunam, is for tebunatham, in Hos. 13. 2. wear away in hell] or, wax old in the grave; understanding the word in, which is expressed in the Greek: or without it thus, Hell (the grave) shall wear away (shall consume) their form. The Hebrew leballoth, being indefinite, to wear out with age, is here of like signification as that which went before, shall have rule. The like Hebraism is in Ier. 14. 5. Zach. 12. 10. and 3. 4. See also Psal. 65. 11. and 56. 14. and by this their affliction in hell is meant; as that which one Prophet calleth wearing out (or wasting) 1 Chron. 17. 9. another calleth afflicting, 2 Sam. 7. 10. from his dwelling place] that is, every of them, coming from, (or being thrust out of) his dwelling, or home: as the Greek saith, they are thrust from their glory. It may also be Englished, for his dwelling place; and so the Chaldee understood it, saying, Therefore their bodies shall wax old in Gehenna, because they stretched out their hand and destroyed the dwelling place of the house of his divine Majesty.

Vers. 16. from the hand of hell] that is, from [unspec 16] the power of the grave, death, and damnation. So of all the faithful he saith, I will redeem them from the hand of hell, Hos. 13. 14. but so can no man redeem himself, Psal. 89. 49. Hand is put for power, as Ps. 22. 21. And this is meant of the resurrection and redemption of body and soul from damnation by Christ. for he will receive me] or, when he shall receive, or take me: meaning, up into heaven, where God himself is, 1 Thess. 4. 14. John. 14. 3. This manner of speech is used in Gen. 5. 24. Enoch was no more, for God received him. The Chaldee explaineth this verse thus, But God will redeem my soul from Gehenna for be will teach me his Law, and will lead me to his portion in the world to come.

Vers. 17. Fear thou not] that is, be not dismayed, or overcome with fear. The Hebrew phrase [unspec 17] usually when it counselleth or prayeth against a thing, meaneth the height & full measure of it. So fear not, Gen. 50. 19. and grieve not, Gen. 45. 5. that is, be not overcome with grief. So, lead us not into temptation, Mat. 6. 13. that is, let us not be overcome with temptation, 1 Cor. 10. 13. Therefore that which one Evangelist writeth, Fear not, Mat. 28. 5. another writeth, be not astonied, Mark. 16. 6. nothing the excess of fear.

Vers. 18. take anything] Hebr. take of all; that [unspec 18] is, ought of all that he hath. For we brought nothing into the world, and it is certain that we can carry nothing out, 1 Tim. 6. 7. Job 1. 21.

Vers. 19. Though in his life] that is, whiles he liveth. [unspec 19] So Psal. 63. 5. and 104. 33. and 146. 2. he blesseth his soul] that is, himself: as it is written, Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many years, live at ease, eat, drink, and take thy pastime, Luke 12. 19. will confess thee] will commend, laud, and celebrate thee. doest good to thyself] that is, makest much of, cherishest, pamperest thyself. So good is used for worldly pleasure and emoluments, Psal. 4. 7.

Vers. 20. It shall come] to wit, the soul forespoken [unspec 20] of, or the person: or, Thou shalt come. to the generation of his fathers] that is, to his wicked predecessors that are dead and gone; as the godly also at their death are gathered to their fathers and people, Judge. 2. 10. Deut. 32. 50. Or, to the habitation of his fathers, their house, or lodge: for so Dor is used for an habitation, Esa. 38. 12. The Chaldee applieth this first branch to the just, the latter to the wicked. The memory of the just shall come to the generation of the fathers, but the wicked forever and ever shall not see the light. to continual aye they shall not see] or, which forever shall not see the light, to wit, the light of the living here on earth, as Psal. 56. 14. Job 33. 28, 30. nor the light of joy in the world to come, being cast out into the utter darkness, Matth. 8. 12.

Vers. 21. understandeth not] or discerneth not, [unspec 21] wanting prudence. A repetition of the 13. verse, with a little change of jalin, lodgeth, into jabin, understandeth; which the Chaldee openeth thus; A man, a sinner, when he is in honor and understandeth not; when his honor is taken away, he is like a beast and brought to nothing.

Annotations.

A Psalm of Asaph] that is, made by him, as the [unspec 1] Chaldee saith, An hymn by the hand of Asaph; or to Asaph, that is, committed unto him to sing. For Asaph was a Seer or Prophet, which made Psalms as did David, 2 Chron. 29. 30. Also he and his sons, were singers in Israel, 1 Chron. 25. 2. The God of God's] that is, God of all Angels, Judges and Rulers of the world: or as the Chaldee saith, The mighty (God) the God of Jehovah. Three titles of God here used together, Ael, Elohim, Jehovah. So in Josh. 22. 22. the going down] that is, the West, where the Sun setteth, or (after the Hebrew phrase) goeth in, as at the rising, it is said to go out, or come forth, Gen. 19. 23.

Vers. 2. Out of Zion] the state of the Church under [unspec 2] the Gospel, Heb. 12. 18. 22. Psal. 2. 6. therefore in this Psalm, the legal sacrifices appointed at mount Sinai, are reproved, and the worship of God in spirit and truth commended. the whole perfection] or, the Universality of beauty, that is, which is wholly and perfectly beautiful. See the like praise of Zion, Psal. 48. 3. Lam. 2. 15. shineth clearly] as the Sun shineth in his strength: that is, appeareth in glorious majesty. This also is a sign of favor, Job 10. 3. Psal. 80. 2. So God shined from mount Paran, Deut. 33. 3.

Vers. 3. Our God come] a prayer to hasten his coming, as in Rev. 22. 20. or, as the former, our [unspec 3] God will come. So the Chaldee paraphraseth, The just shall say, In the day of the great judgment, our God will come, and not silent, to execute the vengeance of his people. fire shall eat] that is, consume, devour. So God is called an eating fire, Deut. 4. 24. that is, as the Apostle expoundeth it, a consuming fire, Heb. 12. 29. and the sight of his glory on mount Sinai, was like eating (consuming) fire, Exod. 24. 17. and fire out of his mouth eateth, Psal. 18. 9. a storm be moved] a tempest raised: which maketh fire the more fierce and forcible. And these things signify Christ's judgments against hypocritical carnal worshippers: see Mal. 3. 1, 2, 3. Mat. 3. 12.

Vers. 4. call to the heavens &c.] that heaven and earth may bear record; as in Deut. 31. 28. [unspec 4] and 32. 1. Isa. 1. 2. The Chaldee expoundeth it, He will call the high Angels from above, and the just of the earth from beneath.

Vers. 5. have stricken my covenant] or have cut, that is, made covenant with me with sacrifice. For at [unspec 5] holy covenants, the sacrifices were cut asunder, and they went between the parts, Gen. 15. 10, 13, 18. Ier. 34. 18. See Psal. 25. 10. See also a covenant between God and his people with sacrifice, Exod. 24. 4,—8. The Chaldee openeth it thus; which have stricken the covenant, and confirmed the Law, and been busied in prayer, which is like to sacrifices.

Vers. 6. And the heavens] hereby may be meant the heavenly Angels, as in Job 15. 15. and so the [unspec 6] Chaldee translateth, high Angels, or the meteors in the air, thunder, lightning, &c. Exod. 19. 16. 18. See also Psal. 97. 6. and 89. 6. he is Judge] himself in his own person, and not by his servants only, as afore time, Heb. 1. 1, 2. 2 Tim. 4. 1.

Vers. 7. testify to thee] that is, give thee contestations, admonitions, charges, &c. to cause the [unspec 7] more obedience, as Nehem. 9. 29. 2 King. 17. 15. Exod. 19. 21. 23. or, testify against thee, (as this phrase sometime signifieth, Deut. 4. 26. and 31. 28.) that is, convince thee of disobedience: Both these are done in this Psalm, verse 14, 15. 18, 19. &c.

Vers. 8. for thy sacrifices] so elsewhere he saith, [unspec 8] I spake not to your fathers, &c. concerning sacrifices, Ier. 7. 22. are before me] so the Greek explaineth it; and so Israel used to weary God with outward offerings, Isa. 1. 11. 14, Mic. 6. 6, 7. Amos 4. 4, 5.

Vers. 9. goat-buckes] the he-goats; such with [unspec 9] bullocks were principal in the sacrifices, Num. 7. 17. 23, &c. Psal. 66. 15.

Vers 11. store of beasts] all sorts of beasts that [unspec 11] range about. So Psal. 80. 14.

Vers. 12. If I were hungry] This the Chaldee [unspec 12] expoundeth, If the time come of the continual sacrifice, I will not tell thee. So it may be a prophesy of Christ's abolishing the daily sacrifice, as in Dan. 9. 27.

Vers. 14. a confession] a thank-offering. There [unspec 14] was an oblation in the law thus called, Levite. 7. 12, 15. mentioned also in Ps. 116. 17. and 107. 22. which the Apostle openeth, exhorting to o •• er the sacrifice of praise continually to God, that is, the fruit of the lips, confessing to his name, Heb. 13. 15. See also Psal. 95. 2. The Chaldee saith, Subdue evil concupiscence, and it shall be counted before the Lord as a sacrifice of confession. vows to the most high] that is, to God, Gen. 14. 18. so he that in Luke 6. 35. is the Most high, in Matth. 5. 45. is our Father which is in heaven. To him vows were made with prayers, Gen. 28. 20. Psal. 61. 6. and paid with thanksgiving, Psal. 65. 2. and 66. 13, 14. and by law their payment was required, Deut. 23. 23. Eccles. 5. 5. Psal. 76. 12. and there were sacrifices for vows, Levite. 7. 16. But the Chaldee referreth this here to the vow which they made at mount Sinai, to confirm the commandments, (Exod. 19.)

Vers. 16. what hast thou to do] the Hebrew [unspec 16] phrase is, what to thee? the Greek, wherefore doest thou?

Vers. 17. nurture] or restraint, chastisement; [unspec 17] which is the way of life, Prov. 6. 23. and 12. 1. The Chaldee addeth, nurture of wise men. behind thee] or after thee. See a like speech, Neh. 9. 26.

Vers. 18. then thou] Hebr. and thou runnest, or [unspec 18] readily consentest, takest pleasure. And, may be omitted in our English; it serveth to increase the readiness & earnestness of the affections. He that partaketh with a thief, hateth his soul, Prov. 29. 24.

Vers. 19. thou sendest out] that is, usest and appliest [unspec 19] it. thy tongue joineth] or, with thy tongue thou joynest, framest, compactest.

Vers. 20. ill report] or infamy, offensive scandalous [unspec 20] speech; (as the Greek turneth it, scandal) a word not found but in this place.

Vers. 21. I was surely] Hebrew, I being had b •• ee, [unspec 21] or was. set in order] to wit, thy faults; as the Greek explaineth it, I will set thy sins before thy face. The Chaldee giveth this paraphrase, Thou thoughtest to be forever; thou saidst in thy heart, I shall be like God: but I in powerful wrath will take vengeance on thee, I will rebuke thee in this world, and order the judgment of Gehenna in the world to come, before thee.

Vers. 22. no reskuer] or no deliverer. A similitude taken from Lions, which catch and tear their [unspec 22] prey, from whose jaws none can reskue. See the like in Hos. 5. 14.

Vers. 23. he that sacrificeth confession] that is, [unspec 23] which giveth confession (or thanks) as a sacrifice, the Greek translateth, The sacrifice of praise shall glorify me; the Chaldee, He that slayeth evil concupiscence, and subdueth it, it shall be counted to him as a sacrifice of confession. disposeth his way] composeth and ordereth it according to these directions: or, he that putteth this way before him. to see the salvation] that is, to enjoy it; or, I will show it him. In Hebrew the word in redoundeth. See Psal. 27. 4. So Psal. 91. 16. and 85. 8.

Annotations.

HE had gone in] to wit, into the chamber, as [unspec 2] Judge. 15. 1. that is, had lien with, as the phrase importeth, Gen. 6. 4. and is expressed, 2 Sam. 11. 4. Bathsheba] the daughter of Eliam, 2 Sam. 11. 3. called also Bathshua daughter of Ammiel, 1 Chron. 3. 5. She was wife to Captain Urijah the Hittite, and whiles her husband was at the leager of Rabbah, David lay with her; and she being with child, he first sought to cover his fault by sending for Vrijah home, that he might be esteemed the father; which not succeeding, he sent him back with privy letters to Joab the General for to procure his death. Which being done, David married his wife Bathsheba, so thinking to cloak his sin. But God was displeased, and sent Nathan to reprove David; whereupon he repented and made this Psalm, for an example unto, and comfort of sinners. See the history at large, 2 Sam. 11. and 12.

Vers. 4. much wash me] or, multiply wash me, [unspec 4] that is, thoroughly wash me, again and again. He applieth the washings used in the Law, (Lev. 11. 25. 32. Exod. 19. 10. Num. 19. 19.) to the spiritual washing from sin in the blood of Christ, Rev. 7. 14. 1 John. 1. 7. So after in verse 9. and Ier. 4. 14. The Hebrew Hereb (or Harbeh) multiply, is used for much, as 2 King. 10. 18. where it is opposed to little. And that which in one place is written harboh, multiply: in another is la-rob, and rabbah, much, as 1 King. 10. 10. with 2 Chron. 9. 9. 2 Sam. 8. 8. with 1 Chron. 18. 8.

Vers. 5. I know] or acknowledge. So Isa. 59. 12. Ier. 3. 13. [unspec 5]

Vers. 6. Against thee] or, Unto thee only. This is either because he concealed his sin from men, [unspec 6] but could not from God, 2 Sam. 12. 12. or, that only God could remit the punishment of his sin, Isa. 43. 25. So Psal. 41. 5. I have sinned] and so am deprived of the glory of God, as Rom. 3. 23. that which is evil, &c.] which displeaseth thee. This hath reference to 2 Sam. 11. 9. and 11. 27. that thou mayest be just] that is, thou hast suffered me to fall into sin, that thou mayest be just, (or justified,) in whatsoever thou hast spoken for the salvation of thy servant, or punishment of my sin, 2 Sam. 12. 10. For the injustice of man, commendeth the justice of God, Rom. 3. 4, 5. or it may have reference to the former words, I know (and acknowledge) my sin, that thou mayest be just. when thou speakest] or in thy speaking, that is, in thy words, as Rom. 3. 4. so after, in thy judging. mayest be pure] or clear, sincere, unreprovable, and consequently mayest win the victorin in judgment: whereupon the Apostle (according to the Greek version) saith, mayest overcome, Rom. 3. 4. The Hebrew Zacah also in the Syriac tongue is used for overcoming.

Vers. 7. in iniquity] the perverseness or vitiosity of nature, commonly called original, & by the Apostle, [unspec 7] inhabiting sin, Rom. 7. 17. whereby all men are carnal, sold under sin, John. 3. 6. Rom. 7. 14. The Chaldee calleth it, the sin of evil concupiscence. This David maketh the fountain of all his actual sins. painfully brought forth] borne with sorrow. The Hebrew signifieth, the painful travel of child-birth, Isa. 26. 17, 18. and 51. 2. Psal. 29. 9. conceived] or was warm in heat, as Gen. 30. 38. 39, 41.

Vers. 8. the inward parts] or the covered parts, [unspec 8] the heart roots where wisdom is seated of God, Job 38. 36. named in Hebrew of covering, plaistering, or pargetting. the secret] or, the closed place; which being referred to the person, meaneth the heart, which God reneweth, Ezek. 36. 26. and wherein he writeth his laws, Heb. 8. 10. And thus the Chaldee expoundeth it, the close place of the heart, which the Apostle calleth the hid man of the heart, 1 Pet. 3. 4. or, if it be referred to the thing, it meaneth the secrets of wisdom; Job 11. 6. the wisdom of God in a mystery, the hid wisdom manifested by the Gospel, 1 Cor. 2. 7. And thus the Greek applieth it, saying, the unmanifest and hid things of wisdom thou hast manifested to me. hast made] or wilt make me know; thus he riseth by faith out of his sin, being taught wisdom of God.

Vers. 9. Thou wilt purge me from sin] or prayer-wise, Purge thou me from sin, or, make me sinless, [unspec 9] expiate or purify my sin. Prayers are often made in this manner, as with assurance that they shall be performed. See the note on Psal. 17. 8. Eizop] or hyssop, of the Hebrew Ezob, and Greek hyssopos, an herb or tree growing out of the wall, 1 King 4. 33. appointed in the law for to sprinkle and cleanse with, Exod. 12. 22. Num. 19. 6. 18. Lev. 14. 4. 6. 49. Heb. 9. 19. and the sprinkling with it, was the last part of the purification of the unclean, here used to signify the full cleansing from sin by the blood of Christ, Heb. 9. 13, 14. whether it were that herb which we now call eizop, or no, is uncertain. The Childee paraphraseth, Thou wilt sprinkle me like a Priest, which sprinkleth the unclean with the purifying waters, with hyssop, with the asbes of a heifer, and I shall be clean. wash me] another legal rite for purifying the unclean, Lev. 14. 8. and 15. 5. 8. 13. 22. figuring our sanctification, Heb. 10. 22. Tit. 3. 5. Isa. 4. 4.

Vers. 10. to hear joy] the joyful tidings of the forgiveness of my sins. bones that thou hast [unspec 10] crushed] or brayed: nothing hereby the greatness of his grief and affliction, Job 2. 2. 5. and 30. 17. and 33. 19. 21. Psal. 38. 4.

Vers. 11. Hide thy face] that is, regard not my [unspec 11] finhes to visit them on me. See the contrary, Psal. 90. 5. and 109. 14, 15. Ier. 16. 17.

Vers. 12. firm spirit] a spirit ready prepared, steadfast [unspec 12] and certain. The like is applied to the heart, Psal. 11 2. 7. and 57. 8.

Vers. 13. from thy face] or from thy presence: [unspec 13] This was an effect of God's utmost anger against sinners, 2 Kings 24. 20. Ier. 7. 15. and 52. 3. Gen. 4. 16. thy spirit of holiness] thy holy Ghost: which the Chaldee expoundeth, thy holy spirit of Prophesy.

Vers. 14. the joy of thy salvation] the joy which [unspec 14] proceedeth from thy salvation and deliverance of me from sin. a free spirit] a voluntary, free willing spirit, or a princely ruling spirit, as the Greek turneth it. See this word, Psal. 47. 10. by a free or princely spirit, he meaneth a spirit not in bondage to sin, called elsewhere the spirit of adoption, Rom. 8. 15, 16. whereby a man is made willing to obey the Lord, as Exod. 35. 21.

Vers. 16. from bloods] that is, from the guilt of [unspec 16] my murder in shedding the blood of Uriah; as the Chaldee saith, from the judgment of murder; or, from my native corruption. See the note on Isal. 5. 7. shall shout] or shrill, sing joyfully and proclaim thy justice; such as Paul speaketh of, Phil. 3. 9.

Vers. 17. shalt open my lips] shalt give me occasion [unspec 17] to speak freely and boldly: the Chaldee addeth, in thy law. This phrase is used Job 11. 5. and 32. 20.

Vers. 18. else I would give it] or, for else I would [unspec 18] give it: as the Greek turneth it, if thou wouldest sacrifice, I had given it.

Vers. 19. The sacrifices of God] that is, which [unspec 19] please God; or, as the Chaldee saith, holy to God. So, the works of God, John. 6. 28. heart broken] to wit, with sorrow for sin. So Isa. 61. 1. Luke 4. 18. Compare with this, Rom. 12. 1. also Isa. 57. 15. and 66. 2.

Vers. 20. Do well] or Do good, deal bounteously: [unspec 20] it comprehendeth all things needful for profit or pleasure. unto Zion] the Church and place of public worship. See Psal. 2. 6. walls of Jerusalem] or, of Ierushalaim, as the Hebrew writeth it in the dual form, as it were the double Jerusalem, to wit, the higher and the lower: from which the Apostle gathereth an allegory, Gal. 4. 25, 26. This city was first called Salem, that is, Peace, where Melchizedek was King, Gen. 14. 18. Heb. 7. 2. It was named also Iebus, Judge. 19. 10. of one Iebusi son of Canaan, Gen. 10. 16. and was possessed by his seed the Jebusites, who held therein the fort of Zion, till David wan it from them, 1 Chron. 11. 4, 5, 7. Here also was the mount Morijah, whereon Solomon built the Temple, 2 Chron. 3. 1. where Abraham offered his son Isaac, Gen. 22. 2. And because there God's providence was seen, he named the place Jehovah-jireh, Gen. 22. 14. which Iireh, put to the former name Salem, maketh it Jerusalem, where Peace is seen: and as the city was enlarged by taking in mount Iireh or Morijah, so is the name: yet sometime (though very rare) it is called by the first name Salem; as Psal. 76. 3. This city God chose to be the place of his public worship, and there to dwell, 2 Chron. 7. 12. Psal. 132. 13, 14. and honorable things are spoken of this city, Psal. 87. 3. and of the walls thereof, which in the Jerusalem from above are of Jasper stone, with 12 foundations, garnished with all manner precious stones, and having the names of the Lambes 12 Apostles, Rev. 21. 10. 14, 18, 19. &c. the walls are called Salvation, and the gates Praise, and they are ever in God's sight, Isa. 60. 18. and 49. 16. For the building up of these doth David here pray.

Vers. 21. Then shalt thou accept] when the place [unspec 21] is built which thou hast chosen; for be for bade his people to offer in every place, Levite. 17. 5 8 9. Deut. 12. 11, 13. and promised to accept their sacrifices on his holy mountain, Ezek. 20. 40. Therefore Israel was in great affliction and reproach, when the walls of Jerusalem were unbuilded, Neb. 1. 3. and the people's negligence in building God's house was sharply blamed, Hag. 1. 2, 4, 8, 9. and 2. 15. &c. of justice] that is, sacrifices offered in faith, and according to the will of God. See Psal. 4. 6. the whole oblation] the Calil: a kind of oblation that was wholly and every whit given up in fire unto God: and differed from the Gnolah, or Burnt-offering, which was only of beasts or birds, Lev. 1. whereas the Calil was also of flower, called the Meat-offering, but burned all together, which the common Meat-offerings were not, Lev. 6. 20, 22, 23. It was also of beasts, 1 Sam. 7. 9.

Annotations.

DOeg] a servant of King Saul, and master of [unspec 2] his herdmen, 1 Sam. 21. 7. the Adomite] that is, an Aedomite, or, Idumean, as the Greek here translateth: or a man of Adamah a city of the tribe of Naphtali, Ios. 19. 36. of Acbimelech] David flying from Saul's tyranny, came for comfort to the house of God in Nob, where Achimelech the Priest administered. He gave unto David and his company the showbread • o 〈◊〉 armed him with the sword of Goljath the Philistian, and asked counsel of the Lord for him. Dōg saw this, and told King Saul, and after (when no other man would) himself at the Kings commandment, ran upon Achimelech and the Priests, and killed 85 persons: and Nob the city of the Priests he smote with the edge of the sword, both man, woman, child and beast. But Abj • thar Achimelechs son escaped unto David, and told him, who there upon made this Psalm. See 1 Sam. 21. and 22. Matth. 12. 3 4.

Vers. 3. in evil] the Chaldee expounds it, in an [unspec 3] evil tongue. O mighty man] or, Potentate, Doëg is thus named, for his chief place over King Saul's herdmen, 1 Sam. 21. 7 and his killing of so many Priests of the Lord, 1 Sam. 22. 18. 19. in which mischievous prowess he vaunted himself.

Vers. 4. thinketh] or understand, Why thinketh [unspec 4] thy tongue? that is, uttereth the evils thought and premeditated. doing deceit] that is, as a rasour which instead of cutting the hair, cutteth the throat. Or it may be referred to the man, O doer of deceit, as the Greek saith, thou hast done deceit.

Vers. 5. justice] that is, truth or faithfulness. [unspec 5] [unspec 6]

Vers. 6. words of swallowing] or of devouring, of perniciousness, that is, pernicious words which cause destruction.

Vers. 7. destroy] or pull thee down: a similitude [unspec 7] taken from buildings pulled down, Levite. 14. 45. applied here to man's overthrow. So Job 19. 10. pull thee away] or take thee hence, as a coal of fire is taken with the rongs, Esa. 30. 4. pluck thee] as the stakes are plucked up when the tent is removed. This is applied to expulsion ou • of ones settled place; and is opposed to stablishing, Deut. 28. 63. Prov. 2. 22. and 15. • 5. root thee up] as a tree plucked up by the roots, Jude 12. So Job 31. 12. la • d of the living] that is, this world. See Psal. 27. 13.

Vers. 8. shall see] the Chaldee paraphraseth, shalt [unspec 8] see thy punishment, and fear before the Lord.

Vers. 9. the man] the mighty 〈◊〉 It hath reference to verse 3. he was strong] or, would be [unspec 9] strong, and prevail; as Psal. 9. 20. or; strengthened and hardened himself. his woeful evil] or, in that he hath, that is, his substance; the Greek saith, in his vanity.

Vers. 10. green olive] always fresh and flourishing. [unspec 10] See Psal. 37. 35. Ier. 11. 1 • . aye] continually: see Psal. 9. 6.

Vers. 11. hast done] the Chaldee addeth, hast done the vengeance of my judgment. [unspec 11]

Annotations.

MAchalath] this seemeth to be a kind of instrument much like Nechiloth, Psal. 5. 1. It [unspec 1] may also be interpreted sickness or infirmity. So in the title of Psal. 88. an instructing Psalm] Maskil: see Psal. 32. 1. This Psalm is the same in effect, and almost in words, with the 14 Psalm, some few things changed. See the notes there.

Vers. 2. with injurious evil] so the Greek saith, with iniquities they are made abominable. Or, we [unspec 2] may read, they have done abominable 〈…〉 .

Vers. 4. everyone is gone back] Hebr. All he, that is, Each one, or whosoever he be, in particular. [unspec 4] In Psalm. 14. 3. he speaketh generally, all is departed.

Vers. 6. where no dread was] that is, no cause of [unspec 6] droad. God giveth to the wicked a trembling • eart, Deut. 28. 65. and a sound of fear is in their • ares, Job 15. 21. yea the sound of a lease chaseth them, and they flee when none pursueth, Lev. 26. 36. Prov. 28. 1. of him that besiegeth thee] or, that pitcheth c •• pe against thee, speaking to the godly man. The Greek turneth it, of men-pleas • rs. hast made them abashed] or, shalt make abashed, (for it is a promise, but set down as already performed, for the more assurance,) or, shalt put to confusion, to wit, them, or their counsel, as they would have confounded thine. See Psal. 14. 6.

Vers. 7. who will give] a wish; O that therewere [unspec 7] given, &c. See the notes on Psal. 14. 7. salvations] that is, full salvation, health or deliverance.

Annotations.

ZIphi •• s] or Zipheans. the Inhabitants of Ziph, [unspec] a city in the tribe of Judah, Ios. 15. 24. by which there was a wilderness and wood, wherein David hid himself when he fled from Ke •• ah for fear of King Saul, and was bewrayed by these Ziphims unto the King, once and the second time, whereupon he made this Psalm. See the history, 1 Sam. 23. 14, 15. 19, &c. and 26 1, 2.

Vers. 5. strangers] the Ziphims, estranged from [unspec 5] God, and alienated from his people, Psal. 58. 4. Isa. 1. 4. So wicked men are called Heathens, Psal. 59. 6. In Psal. 86. 14. his is repeated by David: but for Zarim, strangers, there he calleth them Zedim, proud. daunting tyrants] terrible dismayers, as Saul and his retinue, whose terror daunted many. See Psal. 10. 18. seek my soul] my life, to take it away: see the note on Psal. 35. 4.

Vers. 6. with them that uphold] or, among the upholders, the valiant soldiers that helped David [unspec 6] in his battles: as 1 Chron. 12. 1. &c. a like manner of speech is, Judge. 11. 35. thou art among them that trouble me.

Vers. 7. return the evil] to wit, which they intend against me. For the righteous escapeth out of [unspec 7] trouble, and the wicked shall come in his stead, Prov. 11. 8. suppress them] restrain them, or cut them off. Compare Psal. 143. 12.

Vers. 8. With voluntariness] or, In freeness; that is, freely, liberally, of a willing mind. Such sacrifices [unspec 8] the law mentioneth, Levite. 7. 16.

Vers. 9. eye hath seen] to wit, the work, or reward of God; in Chaldee, the vengeance on mine [unspec 9] enemies, mentioned before in verse. 7. and as is expressed in Psal. 91. 8. but often this word is concealed, as Psal. 35. 21. and 92. 12. or hath viewed them with delight: see Psal. 22. 18.

Annotations.

VErs. 3. I mourn] as one cast down with sorrow, [unspec 3] making a doleful noise. meditation] or, discoursing talk, prayer, complaint. The Hebrew Siach signifieth any large discourse or exercise of the mind or mouth, by busy musing, talking, praying, communing with ones self or others.

Vers. 4. they bring] they make move or turn upon [unspec 4] me iniquity; both by unjust imputation of evil, and inflicting of punishment. For the word is used both for iniquity and the punishment thereof, as is noted Psal. 5. 6. The Chaldee saith, they testify falsehood against me. spitefully hate me] or, bear me a privy grud • e, with a purpose to avenge, as the word signifieth, Gen. 27. 41. and 50. 15.

Vers. 5. is pained] or, trembleth with pain. The [unspec 5] word usually meaneth such pains as a woman feeleth in her travel.

Vers. 6. horror] or, amazed quaking; when [unspec 6] the senses are smitten with astonishment. Therefore the Greek, turns it, darkness.

Vers. 7. who will give] a wish, O that I had, or, O [unspec 7] that some would give. See Psal. 14. 7. wing as a dove] which being a fearful bird, flieth fast to deserts and rocks to hide it self, Ier. 48. 28. wing is put for wings, as fowl for fowls, Psal 8. 9. that I might fly] or, I would fly, and dwell, to wit, somewhere, where I can find safety; but no place is named, to note the more uncertainty.

Vers. 8. in the wilderness] the place whither the [unspec 8] woman (the Church) also flieth in her persecution, Rev. 12. 6. 14.

Vers. 9. hasten safe escaping, &c.] or, I would speed my evasion, hasten any deliverance. So David [unspec 9] hastened his flight from Absalom, 2 Sam. 15. 14▪ &c. from wind of driving forward] that is, from the driving (stormy) wind, that beareth all things away before it. meaning the storm of persecution, which forced him to fly. The Greek turneth it, from pusillanimitie (or seeblenesse of spirit;) intimating his inly fears driving him to this flight.

Vers. 10. Swallow] that is, destroy. It hath respect to Dathan and Abirams death, who with their [unspec 10] company were swallowed alive into the earth, Numb. 16. 32. as after in the 16 verse here is explained. divide their tongue] for, their tongues, that is, their language, counsels, plots, &c. As at Babel tongues were confounded, Gen. 11. 7. so tongues of Absalom's Counselors (that persecuted David) were divided, 2 Sam. 17. 1,—5,—14.

Vers. 11. they compass it] to wit, violent wrong and strife before mentioned, which were as walls [unspec 11] about the town: or they, that is, those wicked persons.

Vers. 13. For, not an enemy] or, Because it was no enemy that reproached me: the Greek turneth it [unspec 13] thus, for if an enemy reproached me, I could suffer it, &c. for I could bear] Hebr. and I could bear it: and being instead of for, or otherwise, as in Psal. 60. 13. and 51. 18. magnified] that is, spake great and boastfull words: See before, Psal. 35. 26.

Vers. 14. But thou] Hebr. And thou; and is often used for but, as Gen. 42. 10. Isa. 10. 20. So in [unspec 14] Greek, Rom. 1. 13. and often in the Psalms. The Chaldee addeth, But thou Achi • ophel a man like to me, &c. esteemed of as myself] or, according to mine order, or estimation, that is, my very equal, my p •• re: of as much regard and worth as myself. The Greek turneth it, like minded: a word which the Apostle useth, Phil. 2. 20. my guide] or, my Duke, my Chiefetaine, or master. So the Hebrew All • ph is used generally for a Duke or Chief governor▪ Gen. 36. • 5. &c. and so the Greek turneth it here. It is also used in special for •• hiefe friend, P •• . 16. 28. and 17. 9. Mic. 7. 5. which sense is good in this place. A 〈…〉 l may be the man here aimed at, as the Chaldee nameth him, who was one of David's▪ Princes and friends, even his chief counselor, and became a traitor, 2 Sam. 15. 12. 31. and 16. 23. my known acquaintance] or, my familiar whom I acquainted with my counsels, purposes, &c. as Psal. 31. 12.

Vers. 15. made sweet secret counsel] that is, sweetly communicated our secret affairs each to other, or [unspec 15] the mystory of god 〈…〉 ▪ whereof see Psal. 25. 14. These were fulfilled between David and Ach • tophel, Christ and Judas the traitor. with the 〈◊〉 or, in the concourse, company, that is, the multitude that run together, frequenting the public assemblies. And this was done with cutward haste and hurtling together, and with 〈◊〉 minds: wherefore the Greek hereturneth it unanimitie or concord. This word is after used for a company or concourse, Psalm. 64. 3. and hath the name of tumultuous running together, Psal. 2. 1.

Vers. 16. Let death seize] o • , Death shall seize, [unspec 16] exact his due as a creditor on his debtor. The Chaldee expoundeth it, Let sentence of death make them guilty. upon them] and, on him, as the Hebrew form noteth, that is, on every of them. to hell] to the place and state of death, Psal. 16. 10. as the conspirators with Korah went down quick into hell, Numb. 16. 30, 33. in their dwelling place] or, in their •• journing place; for this life is a pilgrimage where men are but guests. in their inmost part] or, within them, in the midst of them, meaning their heart.

Vers. 18. and at noon] These three times in [unspec 18] the day they used to pray in Israel, as David here practiced, and Daniel afterwards,