Annotations on the Pentateuch - Psalms - Song of Songs

25. 8. &c.

Iudging for delivering, Deut. 10. 18.

Judgments, or judicial laws, Exod. 21. 1, &c.

Judges and Officers to be set up, with their duty, Deut. 16. 18, &c. The supreme Judges in the place which God shall choose, and their authority, Deut. 17. 8, &c.

Just, Gen. 6. 9. Justice, Gen. 15. 6. Justice in weights and measure, Lev. 19. 36. Just judgment required, Deut. 25. 1, &c. Lev. 19. 15.

K
• KAdesh, the name of a place, Gen. 16. 14. called Enmishpat, Gen. 14. 7.
• Keeping, and Keepers, of divers sorts, Ex. 22. 10.
• Kidneyes, what they signified, Ex. 29. 13.
• Killing of sacrifices, and who did it, Lev. 1. 5.
• The Kings authority and duty, Deut. 17. 14, &c.
• Kissing, how used, Gen. 31. 28. and 41. 40.
• Know, for accompany, Gen. 4. 1, 17. and 19. 5. for care, or regard, Exod. 2. 25.
• Korahs rebellion and punishment, Num. 16.

L
• LAmbs of the first year, as Ram of the second, Lev. 2. 10. Lamb is the young of sheep, or of goats, Ex. 12. 4, 5. Deut. 14. 4.
• Land of Canaan was the Lord's, and might not be sold forever, Lev. 25. 23. what it figured, Genes. 12. 5, 7.
• Land-marks not to be removed, Deut. 19. 14.
• Latter days, what they are, Gen. 49. 1.
• Laver, and the signification thereof, Exod. 30. 18. the manner of the Priests sanctifying there-from, ibid. verse. 19. It was made of the women's looking-glasses, Exod. 38. 8.
• Laughing, for joy, Gen. 17. 17. and 21. 6. through weakness, Gen. 18. 12. in mockage, Gen. 21. 9.
• The Law the inheritance of the Church, Deut. 33. 4. Law-giver, Gen. 49. 10. Law, how it was given, with what preparation of the people, and with how great terror, Exod. 19. and 20. chap. The Law delivered to the Priests, Deut. 31. 9. Of reading it publicly at the end of seven years, Deut. 31. 10, 11, &c. The fire of the Law, Esh dath, Deut. 33. 2.
• Laying on hands: see Imposition.
• Leading, for feeding, Gen. 47. 17.
• Left hand, for North, Gen. 14. 15.
• Leprosy, a plague, Exod. 4. 6. The Law for Leprosies, and their cleansing: whether on men's persons, garments, or houses, Levite. 13. and 14. chap.
• Lest, a word of affirming, Gen. 3. 3.
• Leven, what it signified, Exod. 12. 15. what it was, Exod. 12. 20.
• Levites given to assist the Priests, instead of the first-borne of Israel, Num. 3. 12, 45. and 8. 16. The number of the Levites, Num. 3. 15, &c. The age and time of the Levites service, Numb. 4. 3, &c. and 8. 24. The Levites charges when the Tabernacle removed, Num. 4. 15 &c. The manner of consecrating the Levites, Numb. 8. The 48. Cities and Suburbs which should be given to the Levites, Num. 35. Levites were to teach the Law, Deut. 33. 10. Levies power, what it meaneth, Deut. 33. 11.
• Life, in Hebrew Lives: and why, Gen. 2. 7.
• Lifting up the hand, for swearing, Gen. 14. 22. for doing anything, Gen. 41. 44. for praying, Exod. 17. 11. Lifting up the head, diversely used, Gen. 40. 13. 19. Lifting up the eyes, for looking about, Gen. 30. 10.
• Light, Ge. 1. 3. Lights, for light some bodies, Ge. 1. 14.
• Linsey-woolsey forbidden, Deu. 22. 11. Lev. 19. 19.
• Lions of divers names, and why, Gen. 49. 9.
• Lip for language, Gen. 11. 1.
• Life, or liveth, used in swearing, Gen. 42. 15.
• Living water, what it meaneth, Ge. 26. 19. Le. 14. 5.
• Log, what measure it was, Le. 14. 10. & Ex. 30. 24.
• Looking forth of the evening or morning, Gen. 24. 63. Exod. 14. 27.
• Locusts, or grasshoppers, Exod. 10. 4.
• Lord, Adonai, Gen. 15. 2. and 18. 3.
• Love, the sum and end of the Law, Exod. 20. 6. Deut. 6. 5. To love ones neighbor as himself, Lev. 19. 18.

M
• MAgicians, Gen. 41. 8.
• Magistrates or Rulers, what manner of men they should be, Exod. 18. 21. Deut. 1. 13.
• Making for yielding or bearing, Gen. 1. 11. for perfecting, polishing, &c. Gen. 2. 3. for getting, winning, Gen. 12. 5.
• Making frustrate, Gen. 17. 14.
• Males bound to appear before God thrice a year, Exod. 23. 17.
• Man, Ish, Gen. 2. 23. Earthly man, Adam, Gen. 1. 26. Man and wife, for male and female, Gen. 7. 2. Man added to words, Genes. 9. 20. and 13. 8. Man, for everyone, Gen. 10. 5. and 15. 10. for any man, Gen. 24. 16. Lev. 21. 9. Men of number, i. few, Gen. 34. 30. Man Adullamite, for Man of Adullam, Gen. 38. 1. Man of words, &c. Exod. 4. 10. Man of war, Exod. 15. 3. Man-slayer, with the Cities of refuge, Numb. 35. 11, &c. Man stealer to die, Deut. 24. 7.
• Manasseh, why so named, Gen. 41. 51.
• Manna described, Exod. 16. 14. Num. 11. 7.
• Manna loathed of Israel, Num. 11. 6. and 21. 5.
• Marah, a place, Exod. 15. 23.
• Marie, or Miriam, Moses sister, Exod. 15. 20. her murmuring and leprosy, Num. 12. her death, Num. 21. 1.
• Marriage, the manner of it among the Jews, Deu. 22. 13. Of marrying the brothers wife, Deut. 25. 5, &c.
• Marvelous, for unpossible, Gen. 18. 14.
• Marvellously sever, Exod. 8. 22.
• Massah, a place of Tentation, Exod. 17. 7.
• Meat-offering, the Law, sorts, and signification thereof, Lev. 2. and 6. 14. &c.
• Meats clean and unclean, with their signification, Lev. 11. Deut. 14.
• The measure of Meat and Drink-offerings, with the sacrifices, Num. 15. 4. &c.
• Meribah, a place of Contention, Exod. 17. 7. Num. 20. 13.
• Mesopotamia, Gen. 24. 10. and 25. 20.
• Midian, Midianites, Gen. 25. 2. and 37. 28. Israel's conquest over the Midianites, Num. 31.
• Midst for within, or in, or with, Gen. 2. 9. Ex. 39. 3. Deut. 19. 2.
• Might, or able strength, what it is, Gen. 49. 3.
• Milk and honey, what they signify, Exod. 3. 8.
• Miter of the high Priest, Exod. 28. 39.
• Mizpah, Gen. 31. 49.
• Mizraim, father of the Egyptians, Gen. 10. 6. and 12. 10.
• Moab, and Moabites, Gen. 19. 37. Israel might not war against them, Deut. 2. 9. &c.
• Moon, whereof named, Gen. 1. 16.
• Molech the idol described, Lev. 18. 21.
• Morijah, what place, Gen. 22. 2.
• To Morrow, for time to come, Gen. 30. 33. Exod. 13. 14.
• Morning, for first times, Gen. 49. 27. for opportunity, &c. Exod. 12. 10.
• Moses, why so named, Exod. 2. 10. his beauty, Exod. 2. 2. his meekness, Num. 12. 3. his sin and Aaron's at the waters of Meribah, Numb. 20. 12. he might not therefore enter into the promised land, Deut. 3. 24. &c. but he vieweth it before his death, Deut. 34.
• Moving thing, Sherets, what it meaneth, Ge. 1. 20.
• Mouth, for words, Gen. 24. 57. and 41. 40. and 45. 21. Mouth for interpreter, Gen. 45. 12. Ex. 4. 16.
• Mules, how invented, Gen. 36. 24.
• Murder, how to be expiated when the author is unknowen, Deut. 21. 1, &c. The murderer must die, Deut. 19. 11. Lev. 24. 17.
• Murmurings of the Israelites, Num. 14. 22.
• Muzzeling the Ox forbidden, when he treadeth out the corn, Deut. 25. 4.
• Myrrh, what it was, Exod. 30. 23.

N
• NAked, what it meaneth, Gen. 3. 7. Nakednesse, for weak places, Gen. 42. 9. Naked flesh, for the privities, Exod. 28. 42. Nakednesses, for unlawful copulations, & what they were, Lev. 18. 6, 7, &c.
• Nazirite, or Separated, Gen. 49. 26. The law for Nazarites, Num. 6. 2, &c.
• Nebo, a Mountain from whence Moses viewed the promised Land, Deut. 32. 49.
• Necromancy, or asking of the dead, forbidden, Deu. 18. 11.
• Neighbor, who he is, Exod. 20. 16.
• North-side of the Altar, the place of killing the sacrifices, Lev. 1. 11.
• Number, for few, Deut. 33. 6.

O
• OBserving of times forbidden, Deut. 18. 10.
• Observing of fortunes forbidden, Deut. 18. 10.
• Og King of Basan vanquished, Numb. 21. 33. &c. he was of the remnant of the Giants, Deut. 3. 11.
• Oile for spiritual anointing, Gen. 28. 18. Oile for the Lamps in the Sanctuary, Lev. 24. 2. &c.
• Okes religiously respected, Gen 21. 33. & 35. 4.
• One, for first, Gen. 1. 5. Exod. 26. 4. for everyone, Exod. 26. 2.
• Opening of the womb, or first-borne, sanctified, Exod. 13. 2. 12.
• Over the house, i. the Steward, Gen. 41. 40. & 43. 16. 19.
• Outspred-firmament, whereof named, Gen. 1. 6.

P
• PAdan Aram, called Mesopotamia, Gen. 25. 20.
• Palme tree, Exod. 15. 27. Boughes of Palm-trees and other the like used at the feast of Tabernacles, Lev. 23. 40.
• Passover, what it signifieth, Exod. 12. 11. the manner of eating it, Exod. 12. 8, 9, 10. the sacrifices appointed for this Feast, Numb. 28. 16, 19, &c. The Passover of sheep and oxen, differing from the Paschal Lamb, Deut. 16. 2. The Passover in the second month with the rites of it, Numb. 9. 11, 12, 13.
• Peace for salvation, Gen. 29. 6. for welfare, Gen. 37. 14. & 41. 16. & 43. 27. Peace-offerings with the Law, and signification of them, Lev. 3. & 7. 11, &c. The shoulder and breast of the Peace-offerings, were the Priests, Levite. 7. 34.
• Peculiar treasure, Exod. 19. 5.
• Pentecost, a Feast of the Jews, called weeks, Lev. 23. 15. Deut. 16. 9.
• Perfect, Gen. 6. 9. & 25. 27. Perfect or unblemished, for sacrifice, Exod. 12. 5. Lev. 1. 3. Perfection required in Israel, Deut. 18. 13.
• Pestilence described by the Hebrews, Exod. 5. 3.
• Pharan, the wilderness, Gen. 21. 21.
• Pharaoh, Gen. 12. 15.
• Philistines, Gen. 10. 14.
• Phinehas his zeal and reward, Numb. 25. 7, &c.
• Phylacteries or frontlets, what they were, and upon what ground they were used, Exod. 13. 9. 15.
• Pillar, or Statue, Matsebah, Gen. 28. 18. Lev. 26. 1. Deut. 16. 22. Pillar of cloud and fire, Exod. 13. 21. Pillars a sign of stability, Exod. 27. 10.
• Pledges or Pawnes, of their taking and restoring, Exod. 22. 26. Deut. 24. 6, 10, 17.
• Plenty for multitude, Gen. 48. 19.
• Polluted thing, Pigul, what it was, Lev. 7. 18.
• Possession, what it meaneth, Gen. 22. 17. Deut. 9. 1.
• Plowing with an Ox and an Ass for bidden, Deut. 22. 10.
• Poor to be relieved, Deut. 15. 7, &c.
• Praying, what it signifieth, Gen. 20. 7. Prayer is the service of God, Deut. 6. 13.
• Priest, what it signifieth, Gen. 14. 18. Priest or Prince, Gen. 41. 45. The high Priests offering for his sin, Lev. 4. 3, &c. The high Priests daily oblation, Lev. 6. 20. Laws for the Priests mourning, and for their holiness and marriage, Lev. 21. 1, &c. Of their blemishes, Lev. 21. 17, &c. How in their uncleanness they must abstain from the holy things, Lev. 22. 2, &c. The Priests portion of the people's offerings, Numb. 18. 9. Four and twenty gifts for the Priests, Numb. 18. 19. Priests and Levites had no part or inheritance with Israel, Deut. 10. 8, 9. & 18. 1, 2, &c.
• Prince of slaughter-men, what officer, Gen. 37. 36.
• Prophaning of God's Name forbidden, Lev. 18. 21. & 19. 12.
• Prophet, what it signifieth, Gen. 20. 7. Exod. 7. 1. A Prophet promised to Israel, and their duty to hear him, Deut. 18. 25, &c.
• Purple, Exod. 25. 4.
• Put, for Make, Gen. 13. 16. & 21. 13. & 27. 37.

Q
• QVailes sent unto Israel, Exod. 16. 13. Numb. 11. 31.

R
• RAamses, a City, Exod. 1. 11.
• Rameses, a City, Gen. 47. 11. Exod. 12. 37.
• Ram, a sheep of two years, Lev. 1. 10.
• Rain signifieth Doctrine, Deut. 32. 2. Of the first and latter Rain, Deut. 11. 14.
• Rebellious son, how to be punished, Deut. 21. 18, &c.
• Red sea, whereof named, Exod. 10. 19.
• Redeeming of the first borne son, Exod. 13. 13.
• Cities of Refuge, with their privileges, Numb. 35. 11, &c. Deut. 19. 1, &c.
• Renting of clothes, a sign of sorrow, Gen. 37. 29, 34. For what causes garments were to be rent, Lev. 10. 6.
• Rephaims, Gen. 14. 5.
• Rest for sweetness, evodia, Gen. 8. 21.
• Reuben's sin and punishment, Gen. 49. 3, 4. the blessing of that Tribe, Deut. 33. 6. The inheritance of Reuben, Gad, and half the Tribe of Manasseh on the outside of Jordan, with the conditions thereof, Numb. 32.
• Reverencing the Sanctuary, and how it was observed, Lev. 19. 30.
• Rigour over servants forbidden, and what it is, Lev. 25. 43, 46.
• Robbery forbidden, Lev. 19. 13.
• Rock yielding water, and the signification thereof, Exod. 17. Numb. 21. 8, &c. Rock, the title of God, Deut. 32. 4.
• Rod of Moses, Exod. 4. 2. Rod of Aaron buddeth and beareth fruit, and is kept in the Tabernacle, Numb. 17.
• A Rulers offering for his sin, Lev. 4. 22, &c.

S
• SAbbath, what it signifieth, Gen. 2. 2. how to be sanctified, Exod. 20. 8, 9. & 31. 13, 15, 17. no fire then to be kindled, Exod. 35. 3. Sabbatism, Exod. 16. 23.
• Sackcloth, Gen. 37. 34.
• Sacrifice must be offered only in the sanctuary, Lev. 17. 3, 4, &c. Sacrifice used for peace-offerings, Numb. 15. 3. Sacrifices for sins of ignorance, but none for sins done with an high hand, Numb. 15. 22,—30. Sacrifices to be offered daily, weekly, monthly and yearly at the solemn feasts, Numb. 28. and 29. chapters.
• Sale of persons, houses, lands in Israel, with laws concerning them, Lev. 25. 25, &c.
• Salting of the Sacrifices, Lev. 2. 13. Saltnesse for barrenness, Deut. 29. 23.
• Sanctifying, Gen. 2. 3. Exod. 13. 2. and 19. 10. Lev. 22. 32. Sanctify for prepare, Numb. 11. 18. The Law for sanctifying houses, fields, &c. Lev. 27. 14, &c. Of sanctifying the first borne, Exod. 13. 2.
• Sarah's name interpreted, Gen. 17. 15.
• Say, for command, Exod. 4. 23.
• Scarlet, Exod. 25. 4.
• Scepter, Rod, Tribe, Gen. 49. 10, 16, 28.
• Search diligently, Gen. 44. 5.
• Seas what they are, Gen. 1. 10. Sea for the West, Gen. 12. 8.
• Secret, for Assembly, Council, Gen. 49. 6.
• See, diversely used, Gen. 16. 13.
• Seed for posterity, Gen. 3. 15. and 13. 15. Sowing divers Seeds in the vineyard forbidden, Deut. 22. 9. Seed of copulation how it defileth, Lev. 15. 16, 17, 18.
• Seir, a mount possessed by Esau, Gen. 14. 6. and 32. 3. named of a man, Gen. 36. 8, 20.
• Self-same, Gen. 7. 13. and 17. 23.
• Selling corn, called breaking, and why, Gen. 41. 56.
• Send away, what it meaneth, Exod. 4. 23.
• Serpent that beguiled Eve, Gen. 3. 1, &c. Firie Serpents bite the Israelites, Numb. 21. 6. the brazen Serpent (a figure of Christ) healeth them, Ibid. ver. 9.
• Servant, servitude, what it meaneth, Gen. 9. 25. and 25. 23. Exod. 21. 2, &c. Of smiting servants, Exod. 21. 26. Of delivering a servant to his master, Deut. 23. 15.
• Service comprehendeth prayer unto God, Deut. 6. 13.
• Seven, what it signifieth, Gen. 2. 2. Exod. 12. 15. Lev. 4. 6. Seven for a Weeke, Gen. 29. 27. Seven for many, Gen. 33. 3. The seventh year a Sabbath and year of Release, Exod. 23. 11. Lev. 25. 4. and Deut. 15. 2, &c. No beast might be sacrificed till after seven days age, Lev. 22. 27.
• Shame, what it meaneth, Gen. 2. 25.
• Shaving the hair what it signified, Gen. 41. 14.
• Shekel, what it weighed, Gen. 20. 16.
• Sheep or Flock. How sheep and goats, Gen. 4. 4. and 12. 13. Sheep of the first year, as Ram of the second, Lev. 1, 10.
• Shew-bread, why so called, Exod. 25. 30.
• Shinar, Gen. 10. 10.
• Shining of Moses face, what it signified, Exod. 34. 29, 30.
• Shoes put off, Exod. 3. 5. put on, Exod. 12. 11.
• Shortnesse of spirit, Exod. 6. 9. Shortned for lessened, Numb. 11. 23.
• Shur, a city and wilderness, Gen. 16. 7.
• Sihon van quished, Numb. 21. 21, &c.
• Sinai, Exod. 19. 1.
• Sitting on the throne, for reigning, Exod. 11. 5.
• Smell, Gen. 8. 21.
• Smiting, for killing, Gen. 14. 17.
• Sware, what it signifieth, Exod. 23. 33.
• Sojourning, Gen. 17. 8.
• Sons, for children of all sorts, Gen. 3. 16. Son for old, and otherwise, Gen. 5. 32. Sons of God, Gen. 6. 2. Son of the house, for a home-borne slave, Gen. 15. 3. Son of the herd, for a Calse, &c. Gen. 18. 7. Son for branch of a tree, Gen. 49. 22. Sons of rebellion, that is, rebellious persons, Numb. 17. 10.
• The Song of Moses and Israel at the red Sea, Exod. 15. The Song of Moses before his death, Deut. 32
• Sorcerers, Exod. 7. 11. see Witch.
• Soul, called of breathing, and of large use, Gen. 1. 20. and 9. 4. for our natural state, Gen. 2. 7. for person, Gen. 12. 5. and 14. 21. for life, Gen. 19. 17. and 37. 21. Exod. 4. 19. for mind or will, Gen. 23. 8. for I, Thou, He, &c. Gen. 27. 4. for ones self, Deut. 4. 9. for a dead body, Lev. 19. 28. Numb. 5. 2.
• South, what it signifieth, Gen. 12. 9.
• Sowing the field with divers kinds forbidden, Lev. 19. 19.
• Spies, Gen. 42. 9. Twelve Spies sent to search the land of Canaan, Numb. 13. their evil report, Ibid. ver. 31. Deut. 1. 28.
• Spirit called the same that wind or breath, Gen. 1. 2.
• Sprinkling what it signified, Exod. 29. 21. Lev. 1. 5.
• Stablishing a covenant, what it meaneth, Gen. 6. 18.
• Striking a covenant, Gen. 15. 18.
• Standing for ministering, Gen. 18. 8. Deut. 10. 8. for continuing, tarrying, Exod. 8. 22. and 9. 28. for praying, Gen. 18. 22. for being made sure, Gen. 23. 17.
• Stiffe-necked, what it meaneth, Exod. 32. 9.
• Stirring anger, Gen. 45. 24.
• Stone, a name of honor, Gen. 49. 24. Stony tables, what they signified, Exod. 31. 18. Of Stoning to death, and the manner of it, Lev. 24. 23. The twelve precious Stones in the high Priests Ephod, Exod. 28. 17, &c.
• Strayed things and lost, are to be restored to the owners, Deut. 22. 1, &c.
• Strangers of three sorts, Exod. 12. 43, 45, 48.
• Strength for Kingdom, Gen. 49. 3.
• Strong for hard, Exod. 4. 21.
• Subduing, what it meaneth, Gen. 1. 28.
• Subtile, what it meaneth, Gen. 3. 1.
• Succoth, boothes, Gen. 33. 17. Exod. 12. 37.
• Sun, called by sundry names, and what, Gen. 1. 16.
• Superfluous foreskin, what it meaneth, Gen. 17. 11.
• Swearing, what it signifieth, Gen. 21. 31. wherefore it is used, Gen. 22. 16.
• Sword for wars, Gen. 27. 40. Exod. 5. 3.
• Synagogues and Schools of the Jews, Lev. 26. 31.
• Sin, what it is, Gen. 4. 7. Sinners for notorious wicked ones, Gen. 13. 13. Sinner unto any, for guilty, blame-worthy, &c. Gen. 43. 9. Sin, for sin-offering, Exod. 29. 14. for punishment, Lev. 22. 9.
• Sin-offerings, with their sorts and signification, Lev. 4. and 6. 25, &c.
• Syria, whereof named, Gen. 10. 22. and 24. 10. and 25. 20.
• Syrian, or Aramite, Gen. 10. 22. and 28. 5.

T
• TAbernacle, what it signified, Exod. 25. 9. it is called the Tabernacle of the Tent, Exod. 40. 6. The feast of Tabernacles or Boothes, Lev. 23. 34, &c. Deut. 16. 13.
• Take, for offer, or give, bring, Gen. 15. 9. and 34. 4. and 48. 9.
• Talent, what it weighed, Exod. 25. 39.
• Tale-bearing forbidden, Lev. 19. 16.
• Task-masters, Exod. 1. 11.
• Tempting, what it signifieth, Gen. 22. 1. Exod. 15. 25.
• Ten words or commandments, Deut. 10. 4.
• Ten, for many, Gen. 31. 7. Lev. 26. 26.
• Tents and dwelling in them, what it meaneth, Gen. 4. 20. and 25. 27. Numb. 24. 5. The Tent of the Lord, Exod. 40. 19.
• Teraphims, images, Gen. 31. 19.
• Testimony for the Tables of the Law, Exod. 25. 16.
• Theft, with the punishments therefore, Exo. 20. 15. and 22. 1, &c.
• Three, and third, a mystical number, Gen. 22. 4.
• Timbrel, an instrument of mirth, Gen. 31. 27.
• Tithe, Gen. 14. 20. Laws concerning Tithes, Lev. 27. 30, &c. Tithes for the Levites, Numb. 18. 21, &c. Tithe of the Tithes given to the Priests, Numb. 18. 26. The second Tithes to be eaten by the owners before the Lord, Deut. 14. 22, 23. Those second Tithes every third year were to be given to the poor, Deut. 14. 28, 29. The confession made by him that hath given his third years Tithe, Deut. 26. 12.
• To, or Unto, for From, Gen. 36. 6. Exod. 13. 15.
• Torne things not to be eaten, Exod. 22. 31.
• Touching, for companying with a woman, Gen. 20. 4, 6 for hurting, Gen. 26. 11.
• Tree, for gallows or gybbet, Gen. 40. 19.
• Trees for special use, Gen. 21. 33.
• Trespass more than sin, Gen. 31. 36.
• Trespass-offerings, with their signification, Lev. 5. the Law thereof, Lev. 7. 1, &c.
• Tribes, whereof named, Gen. 49. 16. The mustering of the Tribes, Numb. 1. their next mustering and numbers in the fortieth year of their travel, Numb. 26. The order of the Tribes about the Tabernacle, Numb. 2.
• Trouble, Gen. 34. 30.
• Sudden trouble, Gen. 45. 3.
• Trumpets of silver, with their use, Numb. 10. 2, &c. The feast of blowing of Trumpets, Lev. 23. 23, 24
• Turtle-doves, and Pigeons, allowed for sacrifices, Lev. 1. 14.
• Twelve, the number of the Patriarchs and Apostles, Gen. 35. 22.

V
• VEile on Moses face, what it signified, Exod. 34. 33, 34, 35.
• Vessels, for all things of use, Gen. 24. 53.
• Virginity, if the want of it be laid to a woman's charge, what law is therefore, Deut. 22. 13, &c. The high Priest was to marie a wife in her Virginitie, Lev. 21. 13, 14.
• Vision, Gen. 15. 1.
• Visiting, what it meaneth, Gen. 21. 1.
• V • circumcised fruits, and the Law concerning them, Lev. 19. 23.
• The Uncleane put out of the Campe of Israel, Numb. 5. 2, &c.
• The Unicorn described, Num. 23. 22. Deut. 33. 17.
• Vnlevened cakes, what they signified, Exod. 12. 8.
• Unto and to, for from, or out of, Gen. 36. 6. Numb. 〈◊〉 31. 21.
• Vowes and vowing, what? Gen. 28. 20. Vowes and voluntary offerings, wherein they differed, Lev. 7. 16. The Law for Vowes, Lev. 27 2, &c. Num. 30. Of Vowes which Parents or Husbands might break or confirm, Numb. 30. Vowes to be paid without delay, Deut. 23. 21, &c.
• Voice for fame, rumor, Ge • . 45. 16. Voice attributed to blood, Gen. 4. 10. to signs, Exod. 4. 8. to thunder, Exod. 9. 23.
• Vr, what place it was, Gen. 11. 28.
• Vrim and Thummim, Exod. 28. 30.
• Usury, and laws against it, Exod. 22. 25. Lev. 25. 36.

W
• WAlking with God, what it meaneth, Gen. 5. 20. and before God, Gen. 17. 1.
• Wars of Israel, and the courage that they should have in them, Deut. 20. The new married man was not to go to war, Deut. 24. 5.
• Warfare of the Sanctuary by the Levites, why so called, Numb. 4. 3, 23.
• Washing of clothes, what it signified, Lev. 11. 25.
• Washing the inwards of the sacrifices, Lev. 1. 9.
• Water of purification with the ashes of a red Heiffer, the law and use thereof, Numb. 19.
• Watch of the night, what? Exod. 14. 24.
• Waving, what it was, and meant, Exod. 29. 24. Lev. 3. 5. The Wave sheaf, or Omer, that was to be offered at harvest, with the rites thereof, Lev. 23. 10, 11, &c.
• Way, what it signifieth, Gen. 6. 12. and 18. 19.
• Way, for custom of Women, Gen. 18. 11. God's ways what they are, Deut. 8▪ 6.
• Weaning, Gen. 21. 8.
• Weeks, a feast called Pentecost, Lev. 23. 15. Deut. 16. 9.
• Weighty for rich, Gen. 13. 2.
• Weights and measures to be just, Deut. 25. 13, 14, &c. Lev. 19. 35, 36.
• Whales, Gen. 1. 21.
• Whordome for idolatry, Exod. 34. 15. Lev. 17. 7.
• Wife, the same that woman, Gen. 2. 23, 24. The duties between man and wife, Exod. 21. 10.
• Wilde Ass, what kind of beast it is, Gen. 16. 12.
• Wilde beast, why so called, Gen. 1. 24.
• Wilderness, what it signifieth, Gen. 21. 14. Exod. 3. 1, 18. and 16. 1. Deut. 8. 15. The Israelites condemned to die in the wilderness, Numb. 14. 29.
• Wine forbidden the Priests in their ministration, Lev. 10. 9, 10.
• Wisemen, Philosophers, Gen. 41. 8.
• Witch or Sorburer described, Ex • . 7. 11. Deut. 18. 10
• Wizards forbidden, Deut. 18. 11.
• Two Witnesses to confirm every matter, Deut. 19. 15. The punishment of the false Witness, Deut. 19. 16, &c.
• Wresting or perverting of judgment forbidden, Exod. 23. 2.
• Woman whereof named, Gen. 2. 23.
• Womens purification after childbirth, Lev. 12.
• Wonders, whereof named, Exod. 7. 3, 9.
• Wood for the sacrifices, Lev. 1. 7.
• Words for things, Gen. 15. 1.
• Words for Commandments, Exo. 34. 28. Deu. 10. 4.

Y
• AYeere, whereof named, Gen. 1. 14. The seventh year a year of rest to the land, Lev. 25. 2. &c. The year of Jubilee, or fiftieth year, Lev. 25. 10, &c. The seventh year, debts were to be released, Deut. 15. 1, &c. In the seventh year Hebrew servants were to be set free, Deut. 15. 12, &c.
• Yesterday, for all time past, Gen. 31. 2.
• Young-men, for servants, ministers, Gen. 14. 24. Exo. 33. 11. for first-borne, Exod. 24. 5.
• Yoke, for servitude, Gen. 27. 40.

Z
• ZElophehads daughters claim their inheritance, and obtain it, Num. 27.
• Zogar, a City, why so named, Gen. 13. 10. and 19. 22.
• Zuz, a kind of money, how much, Eev. 19. 10.

Other Hebrew phrases and figures observed.
• DEfect or want of words to be supplied: as,
• Of a verb substantive, Gen. 1. 2.
• Of a verb generally, Gen. 13. 9. and 11. 4. and 23. 13. and 24. 67.
• Of a Pronoun, showing the person wanting in a verb indefinite, Gen. 6. 19. and 19. 20. and 23. 8. and 47. 29.
• A Pronoun after a verb personal, Gen. 31. 42. and 2. 19.
• Of a noun substantive, Gen. 24. 33. Deut. 33. 7.
• Of a noun substantive after an adjective, Gen. 4. 10. and 24. 32. and 25. 8. Numb. 1. 1.
• Of a noun substantive before another substantive, Gen. 11. 1. and 6. 11. and 42. 33. Exod. 25. 4.
• Of an adjective of comparing, Gen. 3. 1.
• Of a Preposition, Numb. 10. 36. Deut. 32. 43.
• Of a part of a sentence, Gen. 19. 4. Exod. 4. 5. and 13. 8. Lev. 24. 8.
• Of a Conjunction, as And, Exod. 22. 30. Or, Deut. 24. 17.
• Of a Preposition in a compounded verb, Ex. 9. 16.
• Of an Adverb of denial; not, Numb. 4. 15.

Overplus or redundance of words, which in other languages may be omitted: as
• OF a Preposition, to, Gen. 2. 7. for, Gen. 17. 4. Gen. 7. 17. and 13. 9.
• Of a Noun, as men brethren, for brethren, Gen. 13. 8. Exod. 27. 14.
• Of a Pronoun, It, Gen. 5. 29. Me, Gen. 45. 4.
• Of a Conjunction, Gen. 8. 6. and 36. 24.

Change or putting one for another: as,
• OF Number, Singular for plural, Gen. 2. 2. and 3. 2. and 4. 20. and 10. 16. and 12. 5. Plural for singular, Gen. 21. 7. and 46. 7. 23.
• Of Gender, Gen. 4. 7. Exod. 1. 21. and 2. 17.
• Of Person, Gen. 49. 4.
• Of Time, participle present, for future, Gen. 7. 4. Pretertense, for present, or to come, Gen. 15. 18. and 17. 20.
• Of Preposition, Gen. 17. 21.
• Of Letters, Gen. 4. 18. and 10. 3. Exod. 2. 21.
• Of Order of words, Gen. 5. 6. Numb. 21. 17.
• Of Order of letters in words, Gen. 10. 3.
• Of a Pronoun, Deut. 9. 25.
• Imperative for Indicative, Gen. 20. 7.
• Indefinite for Imperative, Exod. 13. 3.
• Indefinite, for that which went before, as Indicative, &c. Gen. 6. 19.
• Indefinite, implying a person, Gen. 6. 19.
• Active Impersonally and passive, Gen. 2. 20. and 6. 20. and 16. 14. Exod. 15. 23.
• Dukes for dukedomes, Gen. 36. 30.
• Escaping, or Evasion, for a company escaped, Gen. 45. 7.
• House for household, Gen. 45. 11. 18.
• A Collective noun, with Verbe singular or plural, Gen. 22. 17. and 24. 6.
• In speech of many where one is principal, it is singular or plural, Numb. 21. 21.
• A thing generally set down, meaneth all particulars, Gen. 6. 22.
• A thing general, meaneth but some of each sort, Gen. 7. 14.
• Things denied to be done, often mean that they could not be done, Gen. 13. 6.
• Plural words and singular, note exactness, Gen. 27. 29.
• Plural words, restrained to the number before, Gen. 2. 24. they, that is, they two.
• Singular words restrained to one, Gen. 1. 27. and 3. 11.
• Questions: for
  • Affirmations, Gen. 4. 7 and 13. 9.
  • Denials, Gen. 18. 17.
  • Earnest prayers, Exod. 32. 11.
  • Deprecations, Numb. 17. 13.
• Doubling of words diversely used, as in Gen. 7. 29. 19. and 14. 10. and 14. 10. and 17. 2. and 32. 16. Exod. 8. 14. Lev. 15. 2.
• How men are said to do that which they endeavor to do, Exod. 8. 18. or, to do that which they prophesy shall be done, Gen. 49. 7. and 48. 22.

AN ADVERTISEMENT TO THE READER, TOVCHING SOME OBIECTIONS MADE against the sincerity of the Hebrew Text, and Allegation of the Rabbins, in these former ANNOTATIONS.

AMongst other vanities and vexations of spirit, Solomon observed all travel, and every right work, that for this a man is envied of his neighbor, Eccles. 4. 4. And against this kind of work of interpreting the Scriptures, there have at all times been Carpers and Opposers, of whom God's Laborers have complained. To me therefore it is not strange, that being the least of God's servants, and having so many ignorances and infirmities, such things have befallen me. And had the exceptions been against my labor only, I would have made use of them, and kept silence: but when the Adversarie (besides the wounds which thorough my sides he giveth unto many worthy men) striketh at the very Text it self, so weakening our common faith, I could not but speak, and help to remove the stumbling blocks, whereat the ignorant might be offended.

There are above eight hundred words in the Hebrew Bible, which have marginal readings, differing from the words in the line, some of great and good use in all translations, other some of special use for the Hebrew Tongue and Grammar. The words in the line have usually the pricks or vowels of the words in the margin, and so the marginal words are noted to be read. Some have judged this to be a corruption of the Text through negligence or oversight of the Seribes that wrote out Copies, whiles Printing was unknown: • thers of better judgment (as I suppose) esteem both line and margin to be of divine Authority.

Upon this occasion, difference and seeming contrariety sometimes are to be seen in translations, while some follow the line, some the margin, as they think best, and sometime note 〈…〉 th, yea, and translate both as the authentic text: and the same Interpreters (revising their own labors) do change the one for the other, otherwise than they did at first. To be 〈…〉 with our own; In Exod. 21. 8. our ancient English Bibles read, If she please not her Ma 〈…〉 , and he give her to no man to wife; where they followed the Hebrew in the line: but the o 〈…〉 , called the Geneva version, and the last set forth by authority, translate according to the 〈…〉 gine, If she please not her Master, who hath betrothed her to himself: The ancient English in 2 Sam. 22. 51. readeth, Which showeth great salvation for his King: The Geneva, and our latest version read, He is the tower of salvation for his King. In Job 6. 21. the Geneva saith, Surely now you are like unto it, following the Hebrew margin: but our late version, according to the line, rendereth it thus, For now ye are nothing (or are nos.) In 1 Chron. 11. 11. the Geneva version, following the margin, saith, the chief among thirty, as the Greek also of old translated it: our latter Bibles respecting the Hebrew in the line, say, the chief of the Captains; which may be confirmed by 2 Sam. 23. 8. In Dan. 9. 24. the Geneva translating the line, saith, and to seal up the sins: our new version, according to the Hebrew margin, giveth it thus; and to make an end of sins: yet noteth in the margin, Or, to seal up; and sundry the like. Examples in the same translators, are these. Tremeilius and Junius, who jointly labored in setting over the Hebrew into Latin, and are esteemed among the best; in their first Edition, following the margin, say, Abi, dic ei, &c. Go, say unto him, thou mayest certainly recover, 2 King. 8. 10. but Junius in his latter work, chooseth rather the line, saying, Abi dic non, &c. Go say, thou shalt not certainly recover. So in Ezra 4. 2. their first version hath, & eidem sacrificamus; and we sacrifice unto him: the latter thus, non enim (alteri) sacrificamus; for we sacrifice not to any other: that, according to the margin; this, to the line. In 1 Chron. 11. 20. it was first rendered, erat{que} nominatissimus, and he had a name among these three: in the last edition, Sednon (fuitei) nomen, but he had no name among these three. In 1 King. 22. 48. they first followed the margin, Iehoschaphas paravit classem, Jehoshaphat made ships: afterward Junius keepeth the line, Iehoshaphato decem (fuerunt) naves, Jehoshaphat had tenships: and sundry other of like sort, where the latter version differeth from the former, by reason of the difference between the line and the margin in the Hebrew Text.

These things, not commonly known, may cause the Readers to marvel and be offended at such variety and seeming contrariety, both in these and other common versions set forth in vulgar tongues: for no traslation almost in any language, but followeth sometimes the one, and sometimes the other; and afterward sometime varieth from it self, upon this occasion. Now I, (without prejudice to any of better judgment) setting down both, as the Reader may see, in Exod. 21. 8. Lev. 11. 21. and 25. 30. and otherwhere: and according to the measure of knowledge which God hath given me, endeavoring in the Annotations to clear the Scripture of that seeming contradiction, am publicly taxed, as setting down that which the Hebrew hath not; as making God like unto Ianus Bifrons, the Idol with twofaces, to look two divers ways at once; with other like hard imputations: and this diversity of writing and reading, is from the authority of some late Rabbin's, said to arise from corruption, confusion, doubting and uncertainty of Scribes, &c.

I will set down the reasons of my contrary judgment, without purpose of further contention; let the discreet Reader approve of what liketh him best.

If those divers readings, which the Hebrews call Keri and Cethib, be corruptions of the Scripture, they have been many of them done voluntarily and purposely, as is apparent to all of understanding that look upon them. For beside that the affirmative and the negative in this word Lo, are not one like another to deceive the eye, so often in Moses & the Prophets; it could not arise from mistaking of letters, to write Gnapholim, for Techorim, the Emrods, as in Deut. 28. 27. & 1 Sam. 5 or Shagal for Shacab, as in Deut. 28. 30. Isaiah 13. 16. and Zach. 14. 2. Chore jonim, for Dib jonim, as in 2 King. 6. 25. Chorachem for Tsoatham; and Shenehem, for Meme raglehem, as in Isaiah 36. 12. and 2 King. 18. 27. Macharaoth, for Motsaoth, as in 2 King. 10. 27. And when Naarah a Young woman, is but 22 times used by Moses, that it should 21. times be written with want of the last letter, so that in copies wanting pricks (as many have done, and do) it might be read Naar, a young man: that these and sundry the like should be of negligence or oversight, cannot with reason be supposed. Besides that those words in the line, have there & usually the pricks or vowels of the words in the margin, after which they were read.

1 It standeth not with the wisdom, goodness and providence of God, who preserveth all his creatures, and hath magnified his Word above all his name, Psal. 138 2. that he should suffer his Word, in the original and fountain thereof, left for a peculiar treasure to his Church in all ages, to be corrupted and depraved, and that in many hundred places, to the scorn of Infidels, and offense of his weak people. The Jews which hold that God hath more care of the letters and syllables of the Law, than of the stars of heaven, will loath them that shall seek so to disgrace the holy Scripture.

2 It is noted by the Apostle, for a chief privilege of the Jews, that unto them were come 〈…〉 ted the Oracles of God, Rom. 3. 1, 2. And from them we Christians have received them. But this is no praise or advantage (as the Apostle attributeth unto them) if they have through neg •• gence and of purpose corrupted so many places: so that the corruption (if such it be) hath spread as a Leprosy over all the Bible; there being scarce any one little book, but hath the marks of their violent hands upon it. Not any one of Moses books; not Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Samuel, or the Kings: not Job, the Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, or the Song of Songs: 〈…〉 ot Isaiah, Ezekiel, Jeremiah, the Lamentations, or almost any of the small Prophets. Not the books written after the captivity of Babylon, as the Chronicles, Ezra, Esther, Daniel, Hag 〈…〉 gai, Zaccharie: no not so much but the ten Commandments (as in Deu. 5. 10.) are tainted with this pollution. Where then is the praise of the Jew? Or where is the faithfulness of the Church of God, (the Pillar and Stay of Truth, 1 Tim. 3. 15.) if we cannot have the Oracles of God from them, with so much fidelity as we have human writings from many heathens.

3. These sixteen hundred years, whiles the Jews have been cast off from being the Church of God, and have been scattered for their sins upon the face of the earth, and have bent their studies to disprove Christianitiy; yet can they not justly be charged (to my knowledge) 〈…〉 t they have corrupted the Scripture, but the Hebrew text remaineth as it was in the Apostles days; and may we think that they were less careful or conscionable in former times, 〈…〉 iles they were God's Church, and had always some good people among them, that would have care of the Law? They have been these many years so watchful, that if any fault escape 〈…〉 e Scribe, the book is not allowable to be read in their Synagogues till it be corrected. They 〈…〉 ave these rules, that if the book of the Law do want but a letter; or, if it have but one letter 〈…〉 re than it should; or, if one letter touch another; or, if the form of any letter be so corrupted that 〈◊〉 cannot be read; it is a book which Children may learn on, but it may not be read publicly. 〈…〉 aimony in Sepher Torah, c. 10. And for these divers readings called Keri and Cethib (which 〈◊〉 them are accounted of Divine Authority) they say, If the word which is full be written de 〈…〉 ; or that which is defective, full: or if a word which is to be read (in the margin) be writ 〈…〉 (in the line) as it is to be read; as, if Iishcabennah be written in the place of lishgalennah (Deut. 28. 20.) or Techorim, in the place of Gnapholim (Deut. 28. 27.) or the like; the book is not allow 〈…〉 neither hath in it the holiness of the book of the Law at all; but is as a book on which children 〈◊〉 . Maim. ibidem, c. 7. s. 11. Yea so far hath their diligence extended this way, that they • ave reckoned every letter how often it is found throughout the Bible: no people on earth • ave shown like religious care of any book, as they have of the holy Scripture: that we have no reason to suspect them in former ages, whiles they inhabited Zion, out of which the Law • as to come forth unto all nations, Isaiah 2. 3.

4. Kimchi, Arias Montanus, and such as think that these divers readings were occasioned by the captivity of Babylon and calamities then upon the Jews, have little show of reason. For • beside that Kimchi himself sometimes allegeth both readings without condemning of either and showeth the meaning of both, as is to be seen in his Commentaries on Isaiah 9. 3. Ios. 19. • 3. Isaiah 61. 1, &c. and Arias translateth now the line, and then the margin, and sometimes • oteth both) what are 70 years to corrupt all Copies? When as a Copy written on Parch 〈…〉 (as was their manner) will endure many 70. years entire. Jeremiah with some Jews re • amed a while in the land; Ezekiel, Daniel, and many godly men were in Babylon: may we suppose that none of them would keep the Scriptures pure? Ezra, the learned Priest and Scribe, came with the people out of Babylon; they also had Prophets, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, by whom these errors (if they had been such) might have been corrected, and a 〈◊〉 Bible preserved for the Churches use. Yea, even the Books which Ezra, Danie • , Zacha 〈…〉 &c. wrote, have divers readings, as hath Moses and the former Prophets.

5. Our Savior blameth the Priests, Scribes and Pharisees, for corrupting the Law by wrong 〈…〉 pretation, Mat. 5. & 15. & 23. if they had violated and falsified the writing of the Scrip 〈…〉 would he have spared them? Or, would not he, by himself, or by his Apostles, have pro 〈…〉 a perfect canon of the Word to be left unto his Church? But we find no blame laid •• on them, for marring the Text: yea, Christ and his Apostles send all to read the Scrip 〈…〉 Luk. 16. 29. Job. 5. 39. 2 Pet. 1. 19. and our Savior confirmeth the Law unto every jot •• d little, Ma • . 5. 18. all which things do persuade that the holy Text was not then corrup 〈…〉 d: and they that most labor to discredit it, cannot show how it should be corrupted since, there being besides the Apostles, many thousands of the Jews, and Churches of the Jews, that came to the Christian faith, Act. 21. 20. I am. 1. 1. and so could bring uncorrupted copies of the Scriptures with them, unto the Christian Gentiles.

6 The divers readings fore-spoken of, are such as savor not of human superstition, but to men of understanding, do show God's wisdom, as the residue of the Scripture; and good reasons have been rendered by many, as well Christian as Jewish Expositors, of both line and margin, being instead of brief Commentaries one to another: and if we cannot do the like of all, yet ought we not to condemn that we know not, but in humility to seek for further light.

7. The holy Ghost in many places approveth the Keties or readings in the margin, as where one Prophet writeth Tamor, 1 King. 9. 18. (in Greek Thamor) and noteth in the margin to read it Tadmor; another Prophet after confirmeth it, writing only Tadmor, 2 Chron. 8. 4. and there the Greek also hath Thedmor. Ieish in Gen. 36. 5. 14. is noted in the margin to be read Ieush, and so the line writeth his name in Gen. 36. 18. and in 1 Chron. 1. 35. When one writeth Ish chai, a lively man (as Vatablus noteth and interpreteth it) but warneth in the margin to read Ish chajil, a valiant man, 2 Sam. 23. 20. another Prophet writeth this marginal text only, Ish chajil, 1 Chron. 11. 22. When in speech of the first person, there is a sudden change to the third, as in 2 Sam. 22. 33, 34. his way, and his feet: that this should not seem strange, the Hebrew margin there readeth it, my way, and my feet: and this is confirmed by the Hebrew line in Psal. 18. 33, 34. Neither may we say that the former place is corrupted, seeing the Scripture useth such change of person other where, as in Deut. 5. 10. Job 18. 4. Mit. 1. 2. Psal. 59. 10. and 65. 7. Dan. 9. 4. So Duke Aljah in 1 Chron. 1. 51. is there in the margin to to be read Alvah; and so Moses wrote his name in Gen. 36. 40. Hezrai in the Hebrew margin, 2 Sam. 23. 35. is by the letters in the line Hezro, and in 1 Chron. 11. 37. only Hezro, Zaanaim in Judge. 4. 11. is read in the Hebrew margin Zaanannim, and so the name is written in Ios. 19. 33. In 2 Sam. 23. 13. whereby the letters in the line, Shalishim, the Captains of the thirty went down, the margin and vowels read it Sheloshah, three of the thirty; and so it is after written Sheloshah, three, in 1 Chron. 11. 15. So, he shall take, 2 King. 20. 18. is by the vowels and margin read, they shall take; and approved in Isaiah 39. 7. He had not the name, 1 Chron. 11. 20. is read in the Hebrew margin, He had the name: and so it is written affirmatively in 2 Sam. 23. 18. In 1 Chron. 11. 11. where the Hebrew letters in the line say, Chief of the thirty, and so it is translated in the Greek Bible, and in our first English, and the Geneva verlion after it, and in the old Latin and the Spanish translations, and by Pagnine; there by the vowels, and by the Keri in the margin, it is read Chief of the Captains: for confirmation of this, another Prophet writeth it Chief of the Captains, or the Chief Captain, 2 Sam. 23. 8. and sundry other examples might be shown. The New Testament approveth also the marginal readings, for whereas Gnanijim, that is, Poor or afflicted, in Prov. 3. 34. is to be read in the margin Gnanavim, that is, Lowly, or Humble; the Holy Ghost translateth according to the margin, in I am. 4. 6. and in 1 Pet. 5. 5. giveth grace to the Humble. Where Chas 〈…〉 is written in the line with † jod, a sign of the plural number, Psal. 16. 10. (so that in Bibles unvowelled it may be taken for Chadsideca, thine Holy ones; which in sundry other examples may also be observed, as in Psal. 145. 6. Eccles. 5. 1. Judge. 13. 17. 1 Sam. 24. 5. and 26. 8. D 〈…〉 3. 12, 18. Ezra 10. 12. Isaiah 26. 20. Ezek. 9. 5.) there in the margin, that sign of the plur 〈…〉 number jod is noted to be redundant: and accordingly it is interpreted by the Spirit of God, in Act. 2. 27. and 13. 35. ton Hosion son, thine Holy one.

8. As the Jewish nation (a few late men excepted) approve of those readings in the margin, and yet hold the word in the line uncorrupted: so among Christians of all languages they have been reverenced, & Translatours from the Hebrew have at their discretion taken sometimes the one, sometimes the other, without condemning that which they omit. Out 〈◊〉 English version translateth the margin commonly, yet often noteth the other; someti 〈…〉 the line, and noteth also that which is in the margin, as is to be seen in 1 King. 22. 48. Ios. 〈◊〉 . 12. & 15. 53. 2. King. 20▪ 4. & 23. 33. 2 Sam. 14. 20. Psal. 100. 3: Pro. 17. 27. Ier. 2. 20. Dan. 9. 〈◊〉 Isaiah 9. 3. and 30. 32. and suudry other places. The French version set out by the Pastors a 〈…〉 Doctors of Geneva, in Exod. 21. 8. readeth the negative, and in the margin noteth the affir 〈…〉 tive: also in Prov. 26. 2. and Psal. 100. 3. Again, in Lev. 11. 21. & 1 Sam. 2. 3. and Isaiah 63 〈◊〉 reads the affirmative, & in the margin noteth the negative; and often other where transl 〈…〉 the one, noting the other in the margin: as in 2 Sam. 22. 51. Eccl. 9. 4. Ier. 2. 20. & other plac 〈…〉

The ancient Dutch version likewise observeth these readings by noting the different in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , as in 1 Sam. 2. 3. 1 King. 22. 48. 2 King. 20. 4, &c. The Germane Bible set forth by 〈◊〉 , followeth sometime the line, as in Lev. 11. 21. 2 Sam. 22. 51. Psal. 100. 3. 2 King. 20. 〈◊〉 . Isaiah 9. 3. and 49. 5. and 63. 9. Job. 6. 21, &c. sometime the margin, as in Exod. 21. 8. Lev. 2 • . 30. • ob 13. 15. 2 Sam. 23. 13, &c. sometimes by the annotations explaineth both, as in Ier. 2. 20. 2 Sam. 14. 21. and 18. 13. Dam. 3. 12. Nehem. 3. 30, 31. The Spanish translation also followeth the line, in Exod. 21. 8. Ps 〈…〉 100. 3. 2 Sam. 14. 22. Isaiah 9. 3. and 49. 5. and 63. 9, &c. 〈◊〉 it followeth the Hebrew margin, 10 Lev. 11. 21. and 25. 30. 1 Sam. 2. 3. 2 King 8. 10. 〈◊〉 4: 2: Job 6. 21. and sometime by marginal annotation also toucheth them both, as Job 13. 15. Ezek. 32. 32.

The Latin versions differ not from this. Tremellius and Junius follow the one, or the o • her indifferently, as they like best, and sometimes note both, as in Psal. 11. 1. Flee thou, or, Flee ye: and Junius afterward changeth the one for the other, as in some instances is before shown, and moe might be produced.

The Tigurine Latin version dealeth as the former, but more frequently noteth the other 〈…〉 eading, as in Dan. 9. 24. ad consummandum, to make an end: or, ad obsignandum, to seal up: in Job. 13. 15. non expectarem; or, eum expeotarem: so in Isaiah 63. 9. 1 Sam. 2. 3. Pro. 17. 27. and other places.

Pagnine followeth the line in Exod. 21. 8. Ios. 8. 12, 16. 2 King. 8. 10. Psal. 100. 3. Pro. 19. 7. 〈…〉 des. 9. 4. and 12. 6. Isaiah 49. 5. Ier. 2. 20. again he leaveth the line, and followeth the He 〈…〉 in the margin, in Lev. 11. 21. Ios. 5. 1. 1 Sam. 2. 3. 2 Sam. 16. 18. Dan. 9. 24. 2 King. 20. 4. 1 King. 22. 48. Prov. 17. 27. Ezek. 42. 16. and 3. 15, &c. Arias Montanus and his assistants that 〈…〉 boured to reduce Pagnines version to a more exact agreement with the Hebrew; do with 〈◊〉 sometime translate the line, as in Psal. 100. 3. 2 King. 8. 10. Prov. 19. 7. Eccl. 9. 4. Isaiah 49. 5. 〈◊〉 . 〈◊〉 . 20. sometime they render the margin, not the line, as in Lev. 11. 21. 1 King. 22. 48. 〈◊〉 . 17. 27. 1 King. 12. 33. Ezek. 3. 15. & 42. 10. Sometime they change the one for the other, 〈◊◊〉 Lev. 25. 30. 1 Sam. 2. 3. & 20. 2. 2 Sam. 16. 18. Dan. 9. 24. and often. Yet sometime they 〈…〉 e by a marginal note warn of both readings, as in Exod. 21. 8. Eccles. 12. 6. 2 Sam. 12. 9.

Vatablus in his Latin annotations giveth notice often of these divers readings, as may be 〈◊〉 1 Sam. 2. 3. 2 Sam. 23. 20. Psal. 11. 1. Ezra 4. 2. Job 13. 15. Eccles. 9. 4. and 12. 6. Isaiah 〈◊〉 ri • o. 17. 27, &c.

Expositors in their Commentaries do the like. Calvin in his Comment on Moses, on Exod. 〈◊〉 . 8. seanneth the two contrary senses of Lo the affirmative, and Lo the negative; showing the 〈…〉 ing if it be taken affirmatively, or if it be taken negatively, which latter he liketh best. Like 〈…〉 in his Prelections on Isaiah 63. 9. reading the affirmative, he noteth in the margin the ne 〈…〉 : and on Ier. 2. 20. I will not serve, or, I will not transgress, for there is (saith he) a dou 〈…〉 reading. Peter Martyr in his Commentary on 1 Sam. 2. 3. saith, Sed quantum ex Hebraeo li 〈…〉 , &c. It appeareth by the Hebrew, that this clause may be read both affirmatively and negatively, 〈◊〉 of the word Lo. If it affirmeth, it must be referred unto God, whose works are firm and 〈◊〉 : but if it denieth, it respecteth men's endeavors, which come to naught, &c. Jerome the 〈…〉 dest of the Fathers in his age, reading that in Isaiah 63. 9. according to the line, In all their 〈◊〉 he was not afflicted, saith in his Commentary on that place, Lo, is an adverb of deny 〈…〉 , and may be read Not, and also He: that the meaning may be, In all their affliction he was afflicted, to wit, God: so that he should bear not our sins only, but also our afflictions.

Now if these (and other Interpreters which might further be alleged) had judged these di 〈…〉 s readings in the Hebrew, to be Jewish corruptions, they might not, and it is to be thought 〈◊〉 would not have taught men sometime the one, sometime the other, and sometime either 〈◊〉 , for the pure Word of God, and Text of holy Scripture.

S • the we to the ancient versions, and we shall see the like. The old Latin, though in sun 〈…〉 y places of these divers readings it followeth the word in the Hebrew line, as in Isaiah 9. 3. 〈◊〉 49. 5. and 63. 9. Psal. 100. 3. Pro. 19. 7. 2 Sam. 22. 51. Ier. 2. 20. 2 King. 5. 12. yet doth it 〈◊〉 commonly translate the word that now standeth in the Hebrew margin, as in Exod. 18. 8. Lev. 11. 21. 1 Sam. 2. 3. 2 King. 8. 10. Job 13. 15. Prov. 26. 2. Ios. 5. 1. and 8 12. and 15. • 7. 1 King. 22. 48. 2 King. 20. 4. Ier. 21. 12. Ezek. 3. 15. and 25. 7. and 42. 16. and in many 〈◊〉 places.

The Chaldee Interpreters (of whom Jonathan that translated the Prophets, is as ancient as 〈◊〉 Apostles days, if not more) they likewise sometime express the word in the line, as in Ios. 9. 7. & 18. 24. 2 Sam. 22. 51. 2 King. 20. 18. Job 6. 21. Prov. 26. 2. & 19. 7. Isaiah 63. 9. but usually they follow the Hebrew margin, as in Exod. 21. 8. Lev. 11. 21. & 25. 30. Gen. 30. 11. Deut. 28. 27▪ 30. Ios. 5. 1. & 8. 12. 16. & 15. 47. 2 Sam. 16. 18. & 23. 21. Psal. 100. 3. Eccles. 9. 4. 2 King. 8. 10. Isaiah 9. 2. & 49. 5. Job 13. 15. Ier. 2. 20. & 21. 12. Ezek. 3. 15. & 25. 7. & 42. 16. and in most other places.

Likewise the Greek Bible, as now we have it, translateth according to the line, in Exod. 21. 8. Ios. 9▪ 7. Psal. 100. 3. 2. Sam. 22. 51. 1 King. 9. 18. 〈◊〉 King. 5. 12. Isaiah 63. 9. Prov. 17. 27. & 19. 7. Ier. 2. 20. and in • any places according to the margin, as Lev. 11. 21. & 25. 30. Ezra 4. 2. 2 King. 20. 4. & 8. 10. 1 Sam. 20. 2. 1 King. 1. 47. & 22. 48. Isaiah 9. 3. & 49. 5. 2 Sam. 23. 18, 21, 35. and otherwhere. So that whether we respect the latter, or the most ancient Translators, we shall find these marginal readings to be many of them regarded as the authentic text: and if we may not refuse them all (except we will go against all that ever interpreted Scripture) what warrant have we to condemn any, being all of like authority?

Answ. Were it so, that they never yielded us but one only, yet seeing they take that one sometime from the Text in the line, but most commonly from the margin, it may teach us not to reject those marginal notes, as the Rabbin's fictions; unless we will say, that all men, in all ages, have delivered the Rabbin's traditions instead of the pure Word of God. And it would be known of this Excepter (for he hath not shown his mind) whether he would have men always to follow the word in the line, or that in the margin, or to take that which they think best of either, and to condemn the other; and what warrant men have so to do. But many of the best translations do afford us both, if not in the line (which is not easy to be done) yet by an or in the margin, as may be seen in our last Englished Bible, where in many of the places before alleged they do by a marginal note compared with a line, give us a different, and sometimes (in seeming) a contrary reading: and the like (though perhaps not so frequently) is done by Bibles in other languages. Yea sometimes (when both readings may be joined in one) they do give us both jointly for the Text of Scripture. Witness our last English Bible, which in Prov. 19. 7. rendereth both negative and affirmative (according both to the Hebrew line and margin) they are wanting to him: whereas our former version was only after the negative in the line, they will not. And before them, the Pastors of Geneva in their French version, translate both line and margin in the same place, though in another sense, • la'y a que paroles pour lui. Likewise in Isaiah 9. 3. reading in French according to the Hebrew margin, Tului as accreu la joy: they note thereby another translation implying both line and margin, Ou, ma is tu ne lui as point baill'e plus grande joy. Again, in 2 Sam. 23. 13. they first translate according to the margent reading, trois d'entreles trente capitaines: and by it they note, according to both margin and line, Ou, les trois principaux capitaines par dessus les trente.

Tremellius and Junius, besides that they translate either indifferently (as is before shown) and sometime note the Masorites observation, as on 1 Sam. 27. 8. Girzeum, pro Gezer •• , transposit is liter is, literis, ut nota • t Massoritae; and likewise express the Hebrew line in their line, and the margin in their margin, as Abana and Amana in 2 King. 5. 12. and read the word which is written in the margin, and hath but the vowels only in the line, as in 2 King. 19. 31. Ie 〈…〉 of hosts; and in Ruth 3. 5. & 3. 17. 2 Sam. 16. 23. 2 King. 19. 37. they also join both line and margin in their text, when commodiously they can; as in Ios. 8. 12. where the line hath is, the City; and the margin Ai, the proper name; they put both in their Text, the city Ai: and so again in v. 16. In Prov. 23. 26. where the word in the line is derived of Ratsah to be will 〈…〉 and that in the margin noted to be read, is of Natsar to keep; they join both in their version studiose custodiant, studiously (or willingly) keep: where the Greek and Chaldee, and 〈◊〉 translations follow the margin only. In 1 King. 16. 26. where the line hath the form plural, in his sins, and the margin the singular, in his sin; they render both in their translation, in singulis peccatis ejus, in all or every of his sins. So in Dan. 9. 12. every of his words where both line and margin are joined in one. Likewise in Eccles. 5. 1. Keep thy foot, or, 〈◊〉 feet: they express it, Pedem utrumque tuum. Also in Ezek. 42. 16. where the margin 〈◊〉 Meoth, hundred; and the line ammoth, cubits; Tremellius and Junius give these both as 〈◊〉 Text of God, Quingent • ru •• cubitorum calamis, reeds of five hundred cubits.

The Tigurine Latin version, in 1 King. 22. 48. where the marginal Hebrew is Asah, 〈◊〉 〈…〉 de; and the lineal Asar, ten; putteth these both for divine Scripture, Fecit decem naves, 〈…〉 de ten ships. Again in 2 Sam. 23. 13. from the marginal word Sheloshah, three; and the other in the line Shalishim, Princes or Captains; it giveth a translation compounded of both, 〈…〉 istiprincipes, these three Princes. There also our last English Interpreters translating And three of the thirty, put in their margin, Or, the three captains over the thirty. Moreover in Isaiah 61. 2. where Pekach koach in two words, or Pekachkoach in one word, is referred to the release of prisoners, or opening of the eyes of the blind; the said Tigurine version following the Evangelist Luke 4. 18. rendereth both, vinctis apertionem, & (caecis) visum: opening (or deliverance) to the captives, and recovery of sight to the blind. And those two interpretations of the Evangelist, may give light to this controversy: and by this means (rather than by any other that I know) may that place in the New Testament be cleared. Zwingli in his Latin version of the Psalms, expresseth both the marginal Hebrew Caris, and the word in the line Caari, in Psal. 22. 17. translating frangit man us & pedes meos instar leonis, breaketh my hands • nd my feet like a Lion. And Arias Montanus (one whom my adversary citeth on his side) in his poetical Psalms, doth the like, Perfod • re meas cum pedibus manus Frendens unguibus ut leo.

Munster on 2 Sam. 23. 13. giveth both readings together, as doth the Tigurine version, of Sheloshah and Shall • shim, saying, Descenderunt vero tres isti principes, &c. And in 1 King. 22. 48. fecit decem naves. The Greek Bible in Dan. 9. 24. rendereth first the line, Kai tou sphragisai ha 〈…〉 as, and to seal up sins; then the margin, Kai apaleipsai tas anomias, and to wipe out (or 〈◊〉 away) iniquities: and then proceedeth with the sentence following, and to make reconciliation for iniquity. So it seemeth to have reference unto both readings in Judge. 19. 3. & Pro. 26. 2.

The Chaldee paraphrast in Psal. 22. 17. translateth both Caru the margin, and Caari the 〈◊〉 , saying, Nichthin hec cearja, they did bite like a Lion: and in 2 Sam. 23. 13. (the place before mentioned) by Tlatha gibbaraja, three mighty men, it expresseth both readings. Now seeing all these have thus done before me, how is it that I only should have such blame imputed • nto me?

Answ. 1. A Turk or Infidel might thus object against all Christian translations, which sometime read one contrary to another, sometime contrary to themselves, and sometime give both readings, as before is shown.

2. A Jew may so object against the New Testament, which alleging the testimony of the Prophet, thou Bethlehem Ephratah art little, Mic. 5. 2. expresseth it by the negative, thou Bethlehem art not the least, Mat. 2. 6.

3. If it please God in the same speech to look divers or contrary ways, in divers respects; What is man that he should plead against the Lord? There is no absurdity, to a modest mind, whether with the Greek and other common Interpreters we read the negative in the • ine, He hath made us, and not we: or, the affirmative in the margin, He hath made us, and his 〈◊〉 are, Psal. 100. 3. as the Chaldee, Jerome, and some other do explain it. Whether according to the line, we read Though he slay me, should I not trust? or after the margin, Though he slay me, I will trust in him, Job 13. 15. for both these are one in effect; as, hath not my hand •• de all these things? Act. 7. 50. is the same that My hand hath made all these things, Isaiah 66. 2. So in 1 Sam. 2. 3. the negative in the line may be referred unto men, the affirmative in the margin unto God, as Peter Martyr accordeth them. So other seeming contrarieties in Isaiah 9. 3. & 49. 5. & 63. 9. and other places have been both by Christian and Jewish Expositors reconciled by referring them to divers things or persons. Yea thus the Holy Ghost himself teacheth us: for in 2 Sam. 23. 18. Abishai is said to have the name among the three: but after in 〈◊〉 Chron. 11. 20. it is written, that he had not the name among the three: and so Junius and A 〈◊〉 Montanus translate it. The reason hereof is, that the Scripture speaketh of two threes, the first and the second: among the second he had the name, Howbeit he attained not unto the (first) •• ree, as is expressly said in 2 Sam. 23. 19. To signify this, God by the latter Prophet saith, he 〈◊〉 •• t the name; yet noteth therewith in the margin, that he had the name, 1 Chron. 20. and showeth the reason in verse. 21. Of the three (to wit, the latter three) he was more honorable 〈◊〉 the two, and was their captain; howbeit he attained not to the three, to wit, the first three. Thus we see how both readings are approved of God himself, and even such as in show may 〈…〉 me one repugnant to another. The like I have before shown in sundry other places.

Answ. It followeth not, because some have printed the Bible without these marginal notes, therefore they were not in the original Copies. Some of our latter small English Editions have none of the marginal notes, or signification of both readings: to say therefore that the Translators affixed no notes of those divers readings, (as in the former Editions are to be seen,) were to do them wrong. 2 Many Hebrew Bibles are printed also, and heretofore written without any pricks, vowels, or accents: if we shall hereupon conclude, therefore the Hebrew hath them not, and they are not of Divine authority; we magnify the Jewish Rabbins greatly, in accepting their expositions for Scripture. For all men that know that tongue, know also, that without the vowels and accents, many words and sentences may otherwise be interpreted than they are. And all Translators in all languages do now follow the Hebrew as it is vowelled. 3. The Editions spoken of by Munster, Plantine, and the rest, such of them as I have seen, have the vowels which properly belong to the words in the margin, and agree not with the words in the line, as in 2 King. 6. 25. and 10. 27. and 18. 27. and many other places, which argue those books to be imperfect, which have vowels to be read with consonants that are not expressed, or fit for them. 4 If the marginal readings be omitted, some Scriptures will not easily be read with any true and perfect sense, as in Ezek. 42. 16. five cubits, for five hundred: so 2 Chron. 11. 18. 1 King. 12. 33. Psal. 22. 17. 1 Sam. 4. 13. and other like, which no Interpreter that ever I saw hath expounded without the margin. 5 Munster (who is first named) omitteth not the marginal readings wholly; for in the Hebrew Bible which he set forth with his Latin version and annotations, there he conjoineth both line and margin in his translation, 2 Sam. 23. 13. and 1 King. 22. 48. and often he expresseth both the line and margin in his Hebrew, and translateth after the margin, as in 2 Sam. 23. 18, 20, 21. 2 King. 19. 31, 37. and elsewhere.

Answ. It cannot be shown (for ought that I know) that ever the Jewish nation received the other Masoriticall notes, or the all tikries, for part of the Canon, or text of Scriptures, as they have done all the books of the Old Testament, with the Keries in the margin, which they reckon 848 in number. Neither can it be shown that Translators old or new, have rendered them for divine Scripture, as I have before shown all of them to have translated the Keries, or marginal readings in very many, yea in the most places. Neither are those notes and all tikries approved by the Holy Ghost in other Scriptures, as sundry of the margina • l readings are before shown to be. Neither have the Thalmudists, or any Jew (to my knowledge) put the all tikri for the word in the Text: but leave the Scripture entire as it is, & give the other but as their gloss or exposition, after that their manner of phrase, which is not to be approved. And the Masorites many notes, have their Grammatical use for the Hebrew tongue: though the Bible is perfect without them, and translations in other languages need them not.

Answ. All Translators old and new will have many of them to be written by the Spirit of God, as by their versions and notes hath been manifested; yea, and the Spirit of God him-self by other Prophets hath confirmed sundry of them: and they are all (for ought that hath been yet shown) of equal authority. 2 If I, or another man cannot show a sure way to gather necessary doctrine from everyone of them, it followeth not that therefore a sure way could not heretofore, or cannot now, or shall not here after be shown by any. 3 From many of them, both doctrine and comfort hath soundly been gathered by sundry men: the like (I doubt not) may be done from the rest, as God shall furnish men with more abundan •• of his Spirit.

Answ. 1. This reason (if it be of weight) woundeth not me alone, but thorough my sides, all ancient and latter Interpreters, that have read, noted, or expounded some of them, as is formerly manifested; for none hath ever read or noted them all. Though this be no excuse for me, wherein I have done amiss.

2 Those marginal readings do many of them concern the Hebrew tongue and Grammar, which however they may be of great and good use for the Hebrews, and such as know that tongue; yet are they not of such use in other languages. When Arjeh a Lion, is noted to be read Ari a Lion, in 2 Sam. 23. 20. it showeth in the Hebrew tongue an agreement with 1 Chron. 11. 22. where it is written only Ari: but in other tongues which write the name of a Lion but one way, it hath not such use. When Shenajim (in statu absoluto, as Grammarians call it) is noted to be read Shene (in statu constructo,) 2 King. 17. 16. both which in English signify two, which word with us varieth not the form as doth the Hebrew: when Anu is by the margin to be read Anachnu in Ier. 42. 6. both which in our language signify We: when in the night, Lam. 2. 19. is by the letters in the line belel, and by the vowels and margin ballajlab, both which signify one thing; and many the like; as in 1. King 18. 5. and 19. 4. and 21: 8. 2 King. 7. 12. and 11. 20. and 15. 25. Isaiah 54▪ 16, &c. these differences may be profitably observed by them that know that first tongue; but in other speeches cannot so be discerned. So the order of the Hebrew Alphabet is set down of God in some Psalms, and in Jeremiah's Lamentations: which when the Hebrew is turned into other tongues, will not so appear. And thus Hotse in Gen. 8. 17. being to be read by the vowels and margin Hojtse, bring forth; Gojim, nations, being written in the line with jod, and read in the margin with vau, in Gen. 25. 23. and sundry the like; because they so specially belong to the Hebrew tongue, and vary not in our English, I have therefore omitted to speak of. And if this reason be not of weight, let me bear my deserved blame: but let not the book of God be accused of corruption. And let the judicious and learned Reader judge of that which hath been said.

A PREFACE CONCERNING DAVID, his Life and Acts.

DAVID the son of Jesse, of the tribe of Judah, of the linage of Abraham in the fourteenth generation, was borne in Bethlehem (a town in the tribe of Judah, in the land of Canaan,) about 2917 years after the creation of the world, in the days when Samuel the Prophet was Judge of Israel. He was the seventh and youngest of all Iesses sons, of least esteem among them, and set to keep his fathers sheep. In the three and twentieth year of his life, he was by Samuel the Prophet privately in Bethlehem anointed King over Israel, in the midst of his brethren, and the Spirit of the Lord came upon him from that day forward. He was ruddy, of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to; a cunning player on the Harp, a mighty valiant man of war, and prudent in speech, and a comely person, and the Lord was with him: Who also gave him these testimonies and promises; I have found David, the son of Jesse, a man after mine own heart, which shall fulfill 〈◊〉 my will. I have laid help on one that is mighty, I have exalted one chosen out of the people, with whom my hand shall be established, mine arm also shall strengthen him; I will beat down his foes before his face, and plague them that hate him. In my name shall his horn be exalted; I will set his hand in the sea, and his right hand in the rivers; I will make him my first-borne, higher than the Kings of the earth. My mercy will I keep for him forever, and my covenant shall stand fast with him; his seed will I make to endure forever, and his throne as the days of heaven, &c.

After David's anointing in Bethlehem, he went again and fed his fathers sheep: but the Spirit of God wrought mightily in him. He killed Goliath, the Philistian Giant, from whose face all the men of Israel fled away for fear: David overcame him (in the name of the Lord of hosts) with a sling and with a stone. He was a cunning Musician; and playing on his Harp with his hand, he refreshed King Saul, though was vexed with an evil spirit from the Lord. He was employed in wars against 〈◊〉 Philistines: and whither soever Saul sent him, he behaved himself wisely and •• ospered, and was accepted in the eyes of all the people; so that the women of Israel 〈…〉 g of him, Saul hath slain his thousands, and David his ten thousands. But that • aise procured him envy from Saul ever after, and he sought to slay him: but all Is • ael loved him. And though he after took to wife Michal, Saul's daughter; yet Saul • ontinued his hatred against his son in law; and first secretly, then openly sought his 〈…〉 fe: so that David was fain to flee and hide himself in the land of Israel, and in 〈…〉 range countries, to the great affliction of his soul.

When Saul was dead, and David thirty years of age, the men of Judah anointed him King the second time, in Hebron, over the house of Judah. Ishbosheth, Saul's son, resisted him; but David waxed stronger and stronger. Then all Israel anointed him King over them, and he reigned in Jerusalem. So the time of all his reign was forty years. In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned 33. years over all Israel and Judah. During which space, the Lord still exercised him with many wars abroad, and troubles at home; as by the defiling of his daughter Tamar, the killing of his son Amnon, the treason and death of his son Absalom, the rebellion of Sheba, and other like sorrows which God for his sins chastised him with, so many and so great, that the pangs of death compassed him about, the floods of Belial (the ungodly men) made him afraid, the cords of hell compassed him, the snares of death prevented him; his heart was sore pained within him, and the terrors of death fell upon him; fearfulness and trembling came upon him, and horror overwhelmed him. His life was spent with grief, his years with sighing, his strength failed, and his bones were consumed.

But always in his fears he trusted in God, and was not afraid what flesh could do unto him; in his distress he called upon the Lord, and cried to his God, who heard his voice out of his Temple, and drew him out of many waters, from his strong enemy, and from them that hated him, and brought him forth into a large place, and delivered him, because he delighted in him. He gave him the shield of his salvation, and girded him with strength to battle, and gave him the necks of his enemies, that he destroyed those that hated him. Therefore he gave thanks unto the Lord among the nations, and sang praises unto his name, awaking up his glory, awaking up his Psaltery and Harp, awaking himself early, to praise the Lord among the people's, and to sing unto him among the nations: so he sang of his power, he sang loud of his mercy in the morning, that God had been his defense and refuge in the day of his distress.

And hereof this book of Psalms (most whereof David made) is a glorious testimony; wherein by manifold Psalms, and Hymns, and spiritual Songs, he set forth the praises of God, his own • aith in his Word, exercise and delight in his Law, with narrations of God's former and present mercies, and prophesies of future graces to be fulfilled in Christ, whom he (being a Prophet) knew that he should be the fruit of his loins concerning the flesh, and should sit upon his throne; whose incarnation, afflictions, death, resurrection, ascension, and eternal glorious kingdom and priesthood, he sang by the Spirit, with such heavenly melody, as may not only delight, but draw into admiration every understanding heart, and comfort the afflicted soul with such consolation as David himself was comforted of the Lord.

And these his Psalms have ever since, by the Church of Israel, by Christ and his Apostles, and by the Saints in all ages, been received and honored as the oracles of God, cited for confirmation of true religion, & sung in the public assemblies, as in God's Tabernacle and Temple, where they sang praise unto the Lord, with the words of David▪ and with the instruments which he had made over their burnt-offerings & sacrifices▪

Now because many things, both for phrase and matter, are difficult to such as ar • not acquainted with David's language, I have (out of my slender store) annexed 〈…〉 few brief notes, comparing the Scriptures, and conferring the best Expositors, espe 〈…〉 ally the ancient Greek and Chaldee versions, whereby if any help of understand 〈…〉 may arise, the praise be to God, the comfort to his people.